TY - JOUR A1 - Bersalli, Germán A1 - Tröndle, Tim A1 - Heckmann, Leon A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Economic crises as critical junctures for policy and structural changes towards decarbonization BT - the cases of Spain and Germany JF - Climate policy N2 - Crises may act as tipping points for decarbonization pathways by triggering structural economic change or offering windows of opportunity for policy change. We investigate both types of effects of the global financial and COVID-19 crises on decarbonization in Spain and Germany through a quantitative Kaya-decomposition analysis of CO2 emissions and through a qualitative review of climate and energy policy changes. We show that the global financial crisis resulted in a critical juncture for Spanish CO2 emissions due to the combined effects of the deep economic recession and crisis-induced structural change, resulting in reductions in carbon and energy intensities and shifts in the economic structure. However, the crisis also resulted in a rollback of renewable energy policy, halting progress in the transition to green electricity. The impacts were less pronounced in Germany, where pre-existing decarbonization and policy trends continued after the crisis. Recovery packages had modest effects, primarily due to their temporary nature and the limited share of climate-related spending. The direct short-term impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on CO2 emissions were more substantial in Spain than in Germany. The policy responses in both countries sought to align short-term economic recovery with the long-term climate change goals of decarbonization, but it is too soon to observe their lasting effects. Our findings show that crises can affect structural change and support decarbonization but suggest that such effects depend on pre-existing trends, the severity of the crisis and political manoeuvring during the crisis. KW - COVID-19 KW - climate policy KW - decarbonization KW - structural change KW - economic crisis KW - green recovery Y1 - 2024 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2024.2301750 SN - 1469-3062 SN - 1752-7457 VL - 24 IS - 3 SP - 410 EP - 427 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Streck, Charlotte T1 - Synergies between the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the Paris Agreement BT - the role of policy milestones, monitoring frameworks and safeguards JF - Climate policy N2 - The 2022 Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and Paris Agreement (PA) are highly complementary agreements where each depends on the other’s success to be effective. The GBF offers a very specific framework of interim goals and targets that break down the objective of the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) into a decade-spanning work plan. Comprised of 10 sections – including a 2050 vision and a 2030 mission, four overarching goals and 23 specific targets – the GBF is expected to guide biodiversity policy around the world in the coming years to decades. A similar set of global interim climate policy targets could translate the global temperature goal into concrete policy milestones that would provide policy makers and civil society with reference points for policy making and efforts to hold governments accountable. Beyond inspiring climate policy experts to convert temperature goals into policy milestones, GBF has the potential to strengthen the implementation of the PA at the nexus of biodiversity and climate (adaptation and mitigation) action. For example, the GBF can help to ensure that nature-based climate solutions are implemented with full consideration of biodiversity concerns, of the rights and interests of Indigenous Peoples and local communities, and with fair and transparent benefit sharing arrangements. In sum, the GBF should be mandatory reading for all climate policy makers. KW - climate policy KW - Paris Agreement KW - UNFCCC KW - CBD KW - global biodiversity framework Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2023.2230940 SN - 1469-3062 VL - 23 IS - 6 SP - 800 EP - 811 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bertram, Christoph A1 - Riahi, Keywan A1 - Hilaire, Jérôme A1 - Bosetti, Valentina A1 - Drouet, Laurent A1 - Fricko, Oliver A1 - Malik, Aman A1 - Nogueira, Larissa Pupo A1 - van der Zwaan, Bob A1 - van Ruijven, Bas A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P. A1 - Weitzel, Matthias A1 - Longa, Francesco Dalla A1 - de Boer, Harmen-Sytze A1 - Emmerling, Johannes A1 - Fosse, Florian A1 - Fragkiadakis, Kostas A1 - Harmsen, Mathijs A1 - Keramidas, Kimon A1 - Kishimoto, Paul Natsuo A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - Krey, Volker A1 - Paroussos, Leonidas A1 - Saygin, Deger A1 - Vrontisi, Zoi A1 - Luderer, Gunnar T1 - Energy system developments and investments in the decisive decade for the Paris Agreement goals JF - Environmental research letters N2 - The Paris Agreement does not only stipulate to limit the global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C, it also calls for 'making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions'. Consequently, there is an urgent need to understand the implications of climate targets for energy systems and quantify the associated investment requirements in the coming decade. A meaningful analysis must however consider the near-term mitigation requirements to avoid the overshoot of a temperature goal. It must also include the recently observed fast technological progress in key mitigation options. Here, we use a new and unique scenario ensemble that limit peak warming by construction and that stems from seven up-to-date integrated assessment models. This allows us to study the near-term implications of different limits to peak temperature increase under a consistent and up-to-date set of assumptions. We find that ambitious immediate action allows for limiting median warming outcomes to well below 2 °C in all models. By contrast, current nationally determined contributions for 2030 would add around 0.2 °C of peak warming, leading to an unavoidable transgression of 1.5 °C in all models, and 2 °C in some. In contrast to the incremental changes as foreseen by current plans, ambitious peak warming targets require decisive emission cuts until 2030, with the most substantial contribution to decarbonization coming from the power sector. Therefore, investments into low-carbon power generation need to increase beyond current levels to meet the Paris goals, especially for solar and wind technologies and related system enhancements for electricity transmission, distribution and storage. Estimates on absolute investment levels, up-scaling of other low-carbon power generation technologies and investment shares in less ambitious scenarios vary considerably across models. In scenarios limiting peak warming to below 2 °C, while coal is phased out quickly, oil and gas are still being used significantly until 2030, albeit at lower than current levels. This requires continued investments into existing oil and gas infrastructure, but investments into new fields in such scenarios might not be needed. The results show that credible and effective policy action is essential for ensuring efficient allocation of investments aligned with medium-term climate targets. KW - Paris Agreement KW - energy investments KW - mitigation policies KW - climate policy KW - integrated assessment modelling Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac09ae SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 7 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harmsen, Mathijs A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P. A1 - van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Cui, Ryna A1 - Dessens, Olivier A1 - Drouet, Laurent A1 - Emmerling, Johannes A1 - Morris, Jennifer Faye A1 - Fosse, Florian A1 - Fragkiadakis, Dimitris A1 - Fragkiadakis, Kostas A1 - Fragkos, Panagiotis A1 - Fricko, Oliver A1 - Fujimori, Shinichiro A1 - Gernaat, David A1 - Guivarch, Céline A1 - Iyer, Gokul A1 - Karkatsoulis, Panagiotis A1 - Keppo, Ilkka A1 - Keramidas, Kimon A1 - Köberle, Alexandre A1 - Kolp, Peter A1 - Krey, Volker A1 - Krüger, Christoph A1 - Leblanc, Florian A1 - Mittal, Shivika A1 - Paltsev, Sergey A1 - Rochedo, Pedro A1 - van Ruijven, Bas J. A1 - Sands, Ronald D. A1 - Sano, Fuminori A1 - Strefler, Jessica A1 - Arroyo, Eveline Vasquez A1 - Wada, Kenichi A1 - Zakeri, Behnam T1 - Integrated assessment model diagnostics BT - key indicators and model evolution JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Integrated assessment models (IAMs) form a prime tool in informing about climate mitigation strategies. Diagnostic indicators that allow comparison across these models can help describe and explain differences in model projections. This increases transparency and comparability. Earlier, the IAM community has developed an approach to diagnose models (Kriegler (2015 Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 90 45–61)). Here we build on this, by proposing a selected set of well-defined indicators as a community standard, to systematically and routinely assess IAM behaviour, similar to metrics used for other modeling communities such as climate models. These indicators are the relative abatement index, emission reduction type index, inertia timescale, fossil fuel reduction, transformation index and cost per abatement value. We apply the approach to 17 IAMs, assessing both older as well as their latest versions, as applied in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report. The study shows that the approach can be easily applied and used to indentify key differences between models and model versions. Moreover, we demonstrate that this comparison helps to link model behavior to model characteristics and assumptions. We show that together, the set of six indicators can provide useful indication of the main traits of the model and can roughly indicate the general model behavior. The results also show that there is often a considerable spread across the models. Interestingly, the diagnostic values often change for different model versions, but there does not seem to be a distinct trend. KW - diagnostics KW - integrated assessment models KW - climate policy KW - Assessment Report IPCC KW - renewable energy KW - migration KW - AR6 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf964 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 5 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - GEN A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Del Rio, Pablo A1 - Kiefer, Christoph A1 - Lazaro Touza, Lara A1 - Escribano, Gonzalo A1 - Lechon, Yolanda A1 - Spaeth, Leonhard A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Does ideology influence the ambition level of climate and renewable energy policy? BT - Insights from four European countries T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - We investigate whether political ideology has an observable effect on decarbonization ambition, renewable power aims, and preferences for power system balancing technologies in four European countries. Based on the Energy Logics framework, we identify ideologically different transition strategies (state-centered, market-centered, grassroots-centered) contained in government policies and opposition party programs valid in 2019. We compare these policies and programs with citizen poll data. We find that ideology has a small effect: governments and political parties across the spectrum have similar, and relatively ambitious, decarbonization and renewables targets. This mirrors citizens' strong support for ambitious action regardless of their ideological self-description. However, whereas political positions on phasing out fossil fuel power are clear across the policy space, positions on phasing in new flexibility options to balance intermittent renewables are vague or non-existent. As parties and citizens agree on strong climate and renewable power aims, the policy ambition is likely to remain high, even if governments change. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 161 KW - political ideology KW - climate policy KW - energy policy KW - europe KW - european KW - Union KW - renewable energy KW - flexibility Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-577981 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 1 ER - TY - THES A1 - Campos de Andrade, André Luiz T1 - Governing climate change in Brazil T1 - Steuerung des Klimawandels in Brasilien BT - a governance gap analysis of selected cases BT - eine Analyse von Governance-Lücken an ausgewählten Fällen N2 - Enacted in 2009, the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC) is a milestone in the institutionalisation of climate action in Brazil. It sets greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets and a set of principles and directives that are intended to lay the foundations for a cross-sectoral and multilevel climate policy in the country. However, after more than a decade since its establishment, the PNMC has experienced several obstacles related to its governance, such as coordination, planning and implementation issues. All of these issues pose threats to the effectiveness of GHG mitigation actions in the country. By looking at the intragovernmental and intergovernmental relationships that have taken place during the lifetime of the PNMC and its sectoral plans on agriculture (the Sectoral Plan for Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change for the Consolidation of a Low-Carbon Economy in Agriculture [ABC Plan]), transport and urban mobility (the Sectoral Plan for Transportation and Urban Mobility for Mitigation and Adaption of Climate Change [PSTM]), this exploratory qualitative research investigates the Brazilian climate change governance guided by the following relevant questions: how are climate policy arrangements organised and coordinated among governmental actors to mitigate GHG emissions in Brazil? What might be the reasons behind how such arrangements are established? What are the predominant governance gaps of the different GHG mitigation actions examined? Why do these governance gaps occur? Theoretically grounded in the literature on multilevel governance and coordination of public policies, this study employs a novel analytical framework that aims to identify and discuss the occurrence of four types of governance gaps (i.e. politics, institutions and processes, resources and information) in the three GHG mitigation actions (cases) examined (i.e. the PNMC, ABC Plan and PSTM). The research results are twofold. First, they reveal that Brazil has struggled to organise and coordinate governmental actors from different policy constituencies and different levels of government in the implementation of the GHG mitigation actions examined. Moreover, climate policymaking has mostly been influenced by the Ministry of Environment (MMA) overlooking the multilevel and cross-sectoral approaches required for a country’s climate policy to mitigate and adapt to climate change, especially if it is considered an economy-wide Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), as the Brazilian one is. Second, the study identifies a greater manifestation of gaps in politics (e.g. lack of political will in supporting climate action), institutions and processes (e.g. failures in the design of institutions and policy instruments, coordination and monitoring flaws, and difficulties in building climate federalism) in all cases studied. It also identifies that there have been important advances in the production of data and information for decision-making and, to a lesser extent, in the allocation of technical and financial resources in the cases studied; however, it is necessary to highlight the limitation of these improvements due to turf wars, a low willingness to share information among federal government players, a reduced volume of financial resources and an unequal distribution of capacities among the federal ministries and among the three levels of government. A relevant finding is that these gaps tend to be explained by a combination of general and sectoral set aspects. Regarding the general aspects, which are common to all cases examined, the following can be mentioned: i) unbalanced policy capabilities existing among the different levels of government, ii) a limited (bureaucratic) practice to produce a positive coordination mode within cross-sectoral policies, iii) the socioeconomic inequalities that affect the way different governments and economic sectors perceive the climate issue (selective perception) and iv) the reduced dialogue between national and subnational governments on the climate agenda (poor climate federalism). The following sectoral aspects can be mentioned: i) the presence of path dependencies that make the adoption of transformative actions harder and ii) the absence of perceived co-benefits that the climate agenda can bring to each economic sector (e.g. reputational gains, climate protection and access to climate financial markets). By addressing the theoretical and practical implications of the results, this research provides key insights to tackle the governance gaps identified and to help Brazil pave the way to achieving its NDCs and net-zero targets. At the theoretical level, this research and the current country’s GHG emissions profile suggest that the Brazilian climate policy is embedded in a cross-sectoral and multilevel arena, which requires the effective involvement of different levels of political and bureaucratic powers and the consideration of the country’s socioeconomic differences. Thus, the research argues that future improvements of the Brazilian climate policy and its governance setting must frame climate policy as an economic development agenda, the ramifications of which go beyond the environmental sector. An initial consequence of this new perspective may be a shift in the political and technical leadership from the MMA to the institutions of the centre of government (Executive Office of the President of Brazil) and those in charge of the country’s economic policy (Ministry of Economy). This change could provide greater capacity for coordination, integration and enforcement as well as for addressing certain expected gaps (e.g. financial and technical resources). It could also lead to greater political prioritisation of the agenda at the highest levels of government. Moreover, this shift of the institutional locus could contribute to greater harmonisation between domestic development priorities and international climate politics. Finally, the research also suggests that this approach would reduce bureaucratic elitism currently in place due to climate policy being managed by Brazilian governmental institutions, which is still a theme of a few ministries and a reason for the occurrence of turf wars. N2 - Das 2009 verabschiedete nationale Klimagesetz (PNMC) war ein Meilenstein für die Institutionalisierung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen in Brasilien. Es legt die Ziele für die Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen (THG) sowie eine Reihe von Grundsätzen und Richtlinien fest, die die Grundlage für eine sektorübergreifende und mehrstufige Klimapolitik im Land bilden. Mehr als ein Jahrzehnt nach seiner in Kraftsetzung stößt das PNMC jedoch auf verschiedene Hindernisse in Zusammenhang mit seiner Ausführung, wie z. B. die Koordination, Planung und Umsetzung. All diese Probleme gefährden fortwährend die Wirksamkeit der Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der Treibhausgasemissionen im Land. Durch die Untersuchung der inner- und zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen, die seit des Bestehens des PNMC und den damit einhergehenden Sektorplänen für Landwirtschaft (Sektorplan zur Minderung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel für die Konsolidierung einer kohlenstoffarmen Wirtschaft in der Landwirtschaft - ABC-Plan)und für Verkehr und urbane Mobilität (Sektorplan für den Verkehr und die urbane Mobilität zur Minderung und Anpassung an den Klimawandel - PSTM) , untersucht die vorliegende explorative qualitative Forschung die Governance der brasilianischen Klimapolitik anhand der folgenden relevanten Fragestellungen: Wie sind die klimapolitischen Maßnahmen zur Minderung der Treibhausgasemissionen in Brasilien organisiert und zwischen den staatlichen Akteuren koordiniert? Was könnten die Gründe für die Art und Weise der gewählten Organisationsform sein? Was sind die vorherrschenden Governance-Lücken bei den untersuchten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmen? Was sind die Gründe für die Entstehung dieser Lücken? Auf der theoretischen Grundlage der Literatur über Multi-Level-Governance und über die Koordinierung öffentlicher Maßnahmen wird in dieser Studie ein neuartiger analytischer Rahmen verwendet, der darauf abzielt, das Auftreten von vier Arten von Governance-Lücken (Politik, Institutionen & Prozesse, Ressourcen und Informationen) in den drei untersuchten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmenbündeln (PNMC, ABC-Plan und PSTM) zu identifizieren und zu diskutieren. Dabei konnten im Ergebnis zwei wesentliche Governance-Lücken identifiziert werden. Erstens zeigt die Studie, dass sich Brasilien schwer tut, Regierungsakteure aus verschiedenen Politikbereichen und von verschiedenen Regierungsebenen zu organisieren und zu koordinieren, um die betrachteten THG-Minderungsmaßnahmen umzusetzen. Gleichzeitig wird die Klimapolitik hauptsächlich vom Umweltministerium (MMA) gestaltet, das die für eine Klimapolitik erforderlichen Mehrebenen- und sektorübergreifenden Ansätze zur Minderung und Anpassung s Landes an den Klimawandel vernachlässigt, insbesondere da es sich - wie in Brasilien - um einen wirtschaftübergreifendes (economy wide), national festgelegten Beitrag (NDC) handelt. Zweitens stellt die Studie fest, dass sich in allen untersuchten Fällen immer größer werdende Lücken in der Politik (z. B. mangelnder politischer Wille zur Unterstützung von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen), in den Institutionen und Prozessen (z. B. Versäumnisse beim Design von Institutionen und politischen Instrumenten; Koordinierungs- und Überwachungsmängel; Schwierigkeiten beim Aufbau eines „Klimaföderalismus“) zu beobachten sind. Gleichwohl zeigen die Erkenntnisse aus den untersuchten Fällen, dass es auch wichtige Fortschritte bei der Erhebung von Daten und Informationen für eine Entscheidungsfindung und - in geringerem Maße - bei der Zuweisung technischer und finanzieller Ressourcen gegeben hat. Dennoch ist es notwendig, die Begrenztheit dieser Verbesserungen zu benennen, die auf Kompetenzstreitigkeiten, eine geringe Bereitschaft zum Informationsaustausch zwischen den Akteuren der Bundesregierung, ein geringes Volumen an finanziellen Ressourcen und eine ungleiche Verteilung der Personalkapazitäten zwischen den Bundesministerien und zwischen den drei Regierungsebenen zurückzuführen sind. Eine wesentliche Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Arbeit ist, dass die zuvor beschriebenen Lücken vorwiegend durch eine Kombination von allgemeinen und sektoralen Aspekten zu erklären sind. Zu den allgemeinen Aspekten, die in allen untersuchten Fällen identifiziert wurden, gehören: i) unausgewogene politische Kapazitäten zwischen den verschiedenen Regierungsebenen; ii) eine mangelnde Verwaltungspraxis zur Schaffung eines positiven Koordinationsmodus innerhalb sektorübergreifender Politiken; iii) die sozioökonomischen Ungleichheiten, die sich auf die Art und Weise auswirken, wie verschiedene Regierungen und Wirtschaftssektoren das Klimaproblem wahrnehmen (selektive Wahrnehmung); iv) der eingeschränkte Dialog zwischen nationalen und subnationalen Regierungsebenen über die Klimaagenda (schwacher „Klimaföderalismus“). Als sektorale Aspekte können genannt werden: i) das Vorhandensein von Pfadabhängigkeiten, die die Befürwortung von transformativen Maßnahmen erschweren; und ii) der (unzureichend) wahrgenommene Zusatznutzen, den die Klimaagenda jedem Wirtschaftssektor bringen kann (z. B. Reputationsgewinn, Klimaschutz, Zugang zu Klima-Finanzmärkten). Indem die Forschungsarbeit die theoretischen und praktischen Implikationen der Ergebnisse anspricht, liefert sie wichtige Erkenntnisse, um die identifizierten Governance-Lücken zu schließen und Brasilien dabei zu helfen, den Weg zur Erreichung seiner NDCs und Netto-Null-Ziele zu gestalten. Auf theoretischer Ebene und vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Treibhausgasemissionsprofils des Landes empfiehlt die vorliegende Arbeit, dass die brasilianische Klimapolitik als eine sektorübergreifende und vielschichtige politische Agenda implementiert wird, die eine effektive Beteiligung verschiedener politischer und Verwaltungs- Ebenen sowie eine Berücksichtigung der sozioökonomischen Unterschiede des Landes erfordert. Daher argumentiert die Studie, dass künftige Verbesserungen der brasilianischen Klimapolitik und ihrer Rahmenbedingungen, die Klimapolitik als eine wirtschaftliche Entwicklungsagenda verstehen müssen, deren Auswirkungen über den Umweltsektor hinausgehen. Eine erste Konsequenz dieser neuen Perspektive ist eine Verlagerung der politischen und technischen Führung vom MMA zu den Institutionen des Regierungszentrums (Casa Civil) und der Wirtschaftspolitik des Landes (Wirtschaftsministerium). Dieser Wechsel könnte größere Kapazitäten für die Koordinierung, Integration und den Vollzug, sowie für die Schließung bestimmter erwarteter Lücken (z. B. finanzielle und technische Ressourcen) schaffen. Sie könnte auch zu einer stärkeren politischen Priorisierung der Agenda auf den höchsten Regierungsebenen führen. Außerdem könnte diese Veränderung der institutionellen Verankerung zu einer stärkeren Harmonisierung zwischen den nationalen Entwicklungsprioritäten und der internationalen Klimapolitik beitragen. Schließlich deutet die Untersuchung auch darauf hin, dass dieser Ansatz die bisherige verwaltungstechnische Zentralisierung reduzieren würde, da die Umsetzung der Klimapolitik in den brasilianischen Regierungsinstitutionen immer noch ein Thema einiger weniger Ministerien ist und mit Ressortstreitigkeiten einhergeht. KW - climate governance KW - climate policy KW - Brazil KW - climate change KW - Brasilien KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimagovernance KW - Klimapolitik Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-587336 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilliestam, Johan A1 - Patt, Anthony A1 - Bersalli, German T1 - The effect of carbon pricing on technological change for full energy decarbonization BT - a review of empirical ex-post evidence JF - Wiley interdisciplinary reviews : Climate change N2 - In order to achieve the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement, the world must reach net-zero carbon emissions around mid-century, which calls for an entirely new energy system. Carbon pricing, in the shape of taxes or emissions trading schemes, is often seen as the main, or only, necessary climate policy instrument, based on theoretical expectations that this would promote innovation and diffusion of the new technologies necessary for full decarbonization. Here, we review the empirical knowledge available in academic ex-post analyses of the effectiveness of existing, comparatively high-price carbon pricing schemes in the European Union, New Zealand, British Columbia, and the Nordic countries. Some articles find short-term operational effects, especially fuel switching in existing assets, but no article finds mentionable effects on technological change. Critically, all articles examining the effects on zero-carbon investment found that existing carbon pricing scheme have had no effect at all. We conclude that the effectiveness of carbon pricing in stimulating innovation and zero-carbon investment remains a theoretical argument. So far, there is no empirical evidence of its effectiveness in promoting the technological change necessary for full decarbonization. This article is categorized under: Climate Economics > Economics of Mitigation KW - carbon pricing KW - climate policy KW - decarbonization KW - technological change Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.681 SN - 1757-7780 SN - 1757-7799 VL - 12 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thonig, Richard A1 - Del Rio, Pablo A1 - Kiefer, Christoph A1 - Lazaro Touza, Lara A1 - Escribano, Gonzalo A1 - Lechon, Yolanda A1 - Spaeth, Leonhard A1 - Wolf, Ingo A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Does ideology influence the ambition level of climate and renewable energy policy? BT - Insights from four European countries JF - Energy sources, part B: economics, planning, and policy N2 - We investigate whether political ideology has an observable effect on decarbonization ambition, renewable power aims, and preferences for power system balancing technologies in four European countries. Based on the Energy Logics framework, we identify ideologically different transition strategies (state-centered, market-centered, grassroots-centered) contained in government policies and opposition party programs valid in 2019. We compare these policies and programs with citizen poll data. We find that ideology has a small effect: governments and political parties across the spectrum have similar, and relatively ambitious, decarbonization and renewables targets. This mirrors citizens' strong support for ambitious action regardless of their ideological self-description. However, whereas political positions on phasing out fossil fuel power are clear across the policy space, positions on phasing in new flexibility options to balance intermittent renewables are vague or non-existent. As parties and citizens agree on strong climate and renewable power aims, the policy ambition is likely to remain high, even if governments change. KW - political ideology KW - climate policy KW - energy policy KW - europe KW - european KW - Union KW - renewable energy KW - flexibility Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2020.1811806 SN - 1556-7249 SN - 1556-7257 VL - 16 IS - 1 SP - 4 EP - 22 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ollier, Lana A1 - Melliger, Marc André A1 - Lilliestam, Johan T1 - Friends or foes? BT - Political synergy or competition between renewable energy and energy efficiency policy JF - Energies : open-access journal of related scientific research, technology development and studies in policy and management N2 - Energy efficiency measures and the deployment of renewable energy are commonly presented as two sides of the same coin-as necessary and synergistic measures to decarbonize energy systems and reach the temperature goals of the Paris Agreement. Here, we quantitatively investigate the policies and performances of the EU Member States to see whether renewables and energy efficiency policies are politically synergistic or if they rather compete for political attention and resources. We find that Member States, especially the ones perceived as climate leaders, tend to prioritize renewables over energy efficiency in target setting. Further, almost every country performs well in either renewable energy or energy efficiency, but rarely performs well in both. We find no support for the assertion that the policies are synergistic, but some evidence that they compete. However, multi-linear regression models for performance show that performance, especially in energy efficiency, is also strongly associated with general economic growth cycles, and not only efficiency policy as such. We conclude that renewable energy and energy efficiency are not synergistic policies, and that there is some competition between them. KW - energy efficiency KW - renewable energy KW - climate policy KW - policy cycle KW - EU KW - policy competition Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/en13236339 SN - 1996-1073 VL - 13 IS - 23 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Blanz, Alkis A1 - Eydam, Ulrich A1 - Heinemann, Maik A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - Optimal carbon pricing with fluctuating energy prices — emission targeting vs. price targeting T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - Prices of primary energy commodities display marked fluctuations over time. Market-based climate policy instruments (e.g., emissions pricing) create incentives to reduce energy consumption by increasing the user cost of fossil energy. This raises the question of whether climate policy should respond to fluctuations in fossil energy prices? We study this question within an environmental dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (E-DSGE) model calibrated on the German economy. Our results indicate that the welfare implications of dynamic emissions pricing crucially depend on how the revenues are used. When revenues are fully absorbed, a reduction in emissions prices stabilizes the economy in response to energy price shocks. However, when revenues are at least partially recycled, a stable emissions price improves overall welfare. This result is robust to different modeling assumptions. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 51 KW - energy prices KW - E-DSGE KW - climate policy KW - welfare Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561049 SN - 2628-653X IS - 51 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Hänsel, Martin C. A1 - Franks, Max A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Edenhofer, Ottmar T1 - Optimal carbon taxation and horizontal equity BT - A welfare-theoretic approach with application to German household data T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - We develop a model of optimal carbon taxation and redistribution taking into account horizontal equity concerns by considering heterogeneous energy efficiencies. By deriving first- and second-best rules for policy instruments including carbon taxes, transfers and energy subsidies, we then investigate analytically how horizontal equity is considered in the social welfare maximizing tax structure. We calibrate the model to German household data and a 30 percent emission reduction goal. Our results show that energy-intensive households should receive more redistributive resources than energy-efficient households if and only if social inequality aversion is sufficiently high. We further find that redistribution of carbon tax revenue via household-specific transfers is the first-best policy. Equal per-capita transfers do not suffer from informational problems, but increase mitigation costs by around 15 percent compared to the first- best for unity inequality aversion. Adding renewable energy subsidies or non-linear energy subsidies, reduces mitigation costs further without relying on observability of households’ energy efficiency. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 28 KW - carbon price KW - horizontal equity KW - redistribution KW - renewable energy subsidies KW - climate policy KW - just transition Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-498128 SN - 2628-653X IS - 28 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schütze, Franziska A1 - Fürst, Steffen A1 - Mielke, Jahel A1 - Steudle, Gesine A. A1 - Wolf, Sarah A1 - Jäger, Carlo C. T1 - The Role of Sustainable Investment in Climate Policy T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a fundamental socio-economic transformation accompanied by substantial investment in low-carbon infrastructure. Such a sustainability transition represents a non-marginal change, driven by behavioral factors and systemic interactions. However, typical economic models used to assess a sustainability transition focus on marginal changes around a local optimum, whichby constructionlead to negative effects. Thus, these models do not allow evaluating a sustainability transition that might have substantial positive effects. This paper examines which mechanisms need to be included in a standard computable general equilibrium model to overcome these limitations and to give a more comprehensive view of the effects of climate change mitigation. Simulation results show that, given an ambitious greenhouse gas emission constraint and a price of carbon, positive economic effects are possible if (1) technical progress results (partly) endogenously from the model and (2) a policy intervention triggering an increase of investment is introduced. Additionally, if (3) the investment behavior of firms is influenced by their sales expectations, the effects are amplified. The results provide suggestions for policy-makers, because the outcome indicates that investment-oriented climate policies can lead to more desirable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 137 KW - climate policy KW - green growth KW - macroeconomic models KW - sustainable investment KW - technical progress KW - expectations KW - 1.5 degrees C Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-470485 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 137 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schütze, Franziska T1 - Finance for a sustainable economy BT - implications for policy and practice BT - Implikationen für Politik und Praxis N2 - With his September 2015 speech “Breaking the tragedy of the horizon”, the President of the Central Bank of England, Mark Carney, put climate change on the agenda of financial market regulators. Until then, climate change had been framed mainly as a problem of negative externalities leading to long-term economic costs, which resulted in countries trying to keep the short-term costs of climate action to a minimum. Carney argued that climate change, as well as climate policy, can also lead to short-term financial risks, potentially causing strong adjustments in asset prices. Analysing the effect of a sustainability transition on the financial sector challenges traditional economic and financial analysis and requires a much deeper understanding of the interrelations between climate policy and financial markets. This dissertation thus investigates the implications of climate policy for financial markets as well as the role of financial markets in a transition to a sustainable economy. The approach combines insights from macroeconomic and financial risk analysis. Following an introduction and classification in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 shows a macroeconomic analysis that combines ambitious climate targets (negative externality) with technological innovation (positive externality), adaptive expectations and an investment program, resulting in overall positive macroeconomic outcomes. The analysis also reveals the limitations of climate economic models in their representation of financial markets. Therefore, the subsequent part of this dissertation is concerned with the link between climate policies and financial markets. In Chapter 3, an empirical analysis of stock-market responses to the announcement of climate policy targets is performed to investigate impacts of climate policy on financial markets. Results show that 1) international climate negotiations have an effect on asset prices and 2) investors increasingly recognize transition risks in carbon-intensive investments. In Chapter 4, an analysis of equity markets and the interbank market shows that transition risks can potentially affect a large part of the equity market and that financial interconnections can amplify negative shocks. In Chapter 5, an analysis of mortgage loans shows how information on climate policy and the energy performance of buildings can be integrated into risk management and reflected in interest rates. While costs of climate action have been explored at great depth, this dissertation offers two main contributions. First, it highlights the importance of a green investment program to strengthen the macroeconomic benefits of climate action. Second, it shows different approaches on how to integrate transition risks and opportunities into financial market analysis. Anticipating potential losses and gains in the value of financial assets as early as possible can make the financial system more resilient to transition risks and can stimulate investments into the decarbonization of the economy. N2 - Mit der Rede "Die Tragödie des Horizonts durchbrechen" im September 2015 hat der Präsident der englischen Zentralbank, Mark Carney, den Klimawandel auf die Agenda der Finanzmarktregulierer gebracht. Bis dahin wurde der Klimawandel vor allem als Problem einer negativen Externalität verstanden, welche langfristige Kosten verursacht. Dies führte dazu, dass sich die meisten Länder darauf konzentrieren, die kurzfristigen Kosten für Klimaschutzmaßnahmen auf ein Minimum zu reduzieren. Carney argumentierte, dass der Klimawandel, sowie Klimapolitik, auch zu kurzfristigen finanziellen Risiken führen kann, welche zu starken Anpassungen der Vermögenspreise führen können. Solche Auswirkungen zu untersuchen, stellt die traditionellen Wirtschafts- und Finanzmodelle jedoch vor Herausforderungen und erfordert ein tiefgreifenderes Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen Klimapolitik und Finanzmärkten. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht daher die Auswirkungen der Klimapolitik auf die Finanzmärkte sowie die Rolle der Finanzmärkte in der Transformation zu einer nachhaltigeren Wirtschaft. Der Ansatz kombiniert Erkenntnisse aus der makroökonomischen Modellierung und der finanziellen Risikoanalyse. Nach einer Einführung und Einordnung in Kapitel 1, zeigt Kapitel 2 eine makroökonomische Analyse, welche ehrgeizige Klimaziele (negative Externalität) mit technologischer Innovationen (positive Externalität), adaptiven Erwartungen, sowie einem Investitionsprogramm kombiniert und damit zu positiven makroökonomischen Ergebnissen führt. Die Analyse zeigt auch die Grenzen klimaökonomischer Modelle in ihrer Darstellung der Finanzmärkte auf. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich der nachfolgende Teil dieser Dissertation mit dem Zusammenhang zwischen Klimapolitik und Finanzmärkten. In Kapitel 3 wird eine empirische Analyse der Reaktionen von Aktienmärkten auf die Ankündigung klimapolitischer Ziele durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich internationale Klimaverhandlungen auf die Vermögenspreise auswirken und dass Investoren zunehmend Transformationsrisiken bei CO2-intensiven Firmen erkennen. Kapitel 4 zeigt, durch eine Analyse der Aktienmärkte und des Interbankenmarktes, dass Transformationsrisiken einen großen Teil des Aktienmarktes beeinflussen können und dass finanzielle Verflechtungen negative Schocks verstärken können. Kapitel 5 zeigt, durch eine Analyse von Hypothekenkrediten, wie Informationen über Klimapolitik und die Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden in das Risikomanagement integriert und sich damit im Zinssatz widerspiegeln können. Während die Kosten von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen in großem Umfang untersucht wurden, leistet diese Arbeit zwei wesentliche Beiträge. Erstens wird die Bedeutung eines grünen Investitionsprogramms zur Stärkung des makroökonomischen Nutzens von Klimaschutzmaßnahmen hervorgehoben. Zweitens zeigt diese Arbeit unterschiedliche Ansätze, wie Transformationsrisiken und -chancen in die Finanzmarktanalyse integriert werden können. Eine frühzeitige Erkennung und Einpreisung potenzieller Risiken und Chancen kann das Finanzsystem widerstandsfähiger machen und Investitionen in die Dekarbonisierung der Wirtschaft stimulieren. T2 - Die Finanzierung einer nachhaltigen Wirtschaft KW - Klimapolitik KW - climate policy KW - grüne Investitionen KW - green investments KW - sustainable finance KW - Nachhaltiges Finanzwesen Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-484415 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schütze, Franziska A1 - Fürst, Steffen A1 - Mielke, Jahel A1 - Steudle, Gesine A. A1 - Wolf, Sarah A1 - Jäger, Carlo C. T1 - The Role of Sustainable Investment in Climate Policy JF - Sustainability N2 - Reaching the Sustainable Development Goals requires a fundamental socio-economic transformation accompanied by substantial investment in low-carbon infrastructure. Such a sustainability transition represents a non-marginal change, driven by behavioral factors and systemic interactions. However, typical economic models used to assess a sustainability transition focus on marginal changes around a local optimum, whichby constructionlead to negative effects. Thus, these models do not allow evaluating a sustainability transition that might have substantial positive effects. This paper examines which mechanisms need to be included in a standard computable general equilibrium model to overcome these limitations and to give a more comprehensive view of the effects of climate change mitigation. Simulation results show that, given an ambitious greenhouse gas emission constraint and a price of carbon, positive economic effects are possible if (1) technical progress results (partly) endogenously from the model and (2) a policy intervention triggering an increase of investment is introduced. Additionally, if (3) the investment behavior of firms is influenced by their sales expectations, the effects are amplified. The results provide suggestions for policy-makers, because the outcome indicates that investment-oriented climate policies can lead to more desirable outcomes in economic, social and environmental terms. KW - climate policy KW - green growth KW - macroeconomic models KW - sustainable investment KW - technical progress KW - expectations KW - 1.5 degrees C Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su9122221 SN - 2071-1050 VL - 9 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sprinz, Detlef F. A1 - de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno A1 - Kallbekken, Steffen A1 - Stokman, Frans A1 - Saelen, Hakon A1 - Thomson, Robert T1 - Predicting Paris: Multi-Method Approaches to Forecast the Outcomes of Global Climate Negotiations JF - Politics and Governance N2 - We examine the negotiations held under the auspices of the United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change in Paris, December 2015. Prior to these negotiations, there was considerable uncertainty about whether an agreement would be reached, particularly given that the world’s leaders failed to do so in the 2009 negotiations held in Copenhagen. Amid this uncertainty, we applied three different methods to predict the outcomes: an expert survey and two negotiation simulation models, namely the Exchange Model and the Predictioneer’s Game. After the event, these predictions were assessed against the coded texts that were agreed in Paris. The evidence suggests that combining experts’ predictions to reach a collective expert prediction makes for significantly more accurate predictions than individual experts’ predictions. The differences in the performance between the two different negotiation simulation models were not statistically significant. KW - climate policy KW - climate regime KW - expert survey KW - forecasting KW - global negotiations KW - Paris agreement KW - prediction KW - simulation Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i3.654 SN - 2183-2463 VL - 4 SP - 172 EP - 187 PB - Cogitatio Press CY - Lisbon ER - TY - THES A1 - Hanschmann, Raffael Tino T1 - Stalling the engine? EU climate politics after the ‘Great Recession’ T1 - Den Motor abgewürgt? EU-Klimapolitik nach der Großen Rezession BT - investigating the impact of economic shocks on EU climate policy-making in three case studies BT - eine Untersuchung des Einflusses von Wirtschaftskrisen auf Prozesse in der EU-Klimapolitik in drei Fallstudien N2 - This dissertation investigates the impact of the economic and fiscal crisis starting in 2008 on EU climate policy-making. While the overall number of adopted greenhouse gas emission reduction policies declined in the crisis aftermath, EU lawmakers decided to introduce new or tighten existing regulations in some important policy domains. Existing knowledge about the crisis impact on EU legislative decision-making cannot explain these inconsistencies. In response, this study develops an actor-centred conceptual framework based on rational choice institutionalism that provides a micro-level link to explain how economic crises translate into altered policy-making patterns. The core theoretical argument draws on redistributive conflicts, arguing that tensions between ‘beneficiaries’ and ‘losers’ of a regulatory initiative intensify during economic crises and spill over to the policy domain. To test this hypothesis and using social network analysis, this study analyses policy processes in three case studies: The introduction of carbon dioxide emission limits for passenger cars, the expansion of the EU Emissions Trading System to aviation, and the introduction of a regulatory framework for biofuels. The key finding is that an economic shock causes EU policy domains to polarise politically, resulting in intensified conflict and more difficult decision-making. The results also show that this process of political polarisation roots in the industry that is the subject of the regulation, and that intergovernmental bargaining among member states becomes more important, but also more difficult in times of crisis. N2 - Diese Dissertation untersucht den Einfluss der in 2008 beginnenden globalen Wirtschaftskrise auf die Prozesse der EU-Klimapolitik. Während die Zahl der verabschiedeten Gesetze zur Treibhausgasreduktion nach Krisenausbruch insgesamt sank, entschieden die EU-Gesetzgeber, in mehreren wichtigen Politikfeldern neue Regulierungen einzuführen oder existierende zu verschärfen. Bestehendes Wissen zum Einfluss der Krise auf EU-Gesetzgebungsprozesse kann diese Inkonsistenzen nicht erklären. Daher entwickelt diese Arbeit ein auf Rational-Choice-Institutionalismus basierendes konzeptionelles Gerüst, das auf der Mikro-Ebene eine kausale Verbindung zwischen Wirtschaftskrise und veränderten Politikprozessen herstellt. Das zentrale theoretische Argument beruht auf Verteilungskonflikten innerhalb der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranchen: Die Spannung zwischen „Nutznießern“ und „Verlierern“ einer geplanten Regulierung intensiviert sich in Krisenzeiten und setzt sich im politischen Raum fort. Diese Hypothese wird an drei Fallstudien mittels sozialer Netzwerkanalyse getestet. Die drei Fallstudien untersuchen politische Entscheidungsprozesse in den folgenden EU-Politikfeldern: Kohlenstoffdioxid-Emissionsgrenzen für PKW, die Ausweitung des Emissionshandels auf Flugverkehr und die Einführung eines Regulierungsrahmens für Biokraftstoffe. Die wichtigste Erkenntnis der Untersuchung ist, dass makroökonomische Schocks eine Polarisierung der politischen Interessen innerhalb eines Politikfeldes auslösen, dadurch Konflikte intensivieren und letztlich Entscheidungsfindungen erschweren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zudem, dass dieser Polarisierungsprozess in der regulierten Wirtschaftsbranche wurzelt. Außerdem werden Verhandlungen zwischen den Regierungen der Mitgliedsstaaten in Krisenzeiten wichtiger, aber auch schwieriger.  KW - EU KW - European Union KW - policy-making KW - network analysis KW - policy preferences KW - economic crisis KW - crisis KW - climate KW - climate change KW - climate policy KW - climate politics KW - environmental policy KW - EU KW - Europäische Union KW - Politikgestaltung KW - Netzwerkanalyse KW - Politikpräferenzen KW - Wirtschaftskrise KW - Krise KW - Klima KW - Klimawandel KW - Klimapolitik KW - Umweltpolitik Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-440441 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mielke, Jahel T1 - Coordination on Green Investment T1 - Grüne Investitionen als Koordinationsproblem BT - implications of a sustainability transition in Europe BT - Implikationen einer Nachhaltigkeitstransformation in Europa N2 - To reach its climate targets, the European Union has to implement a major sustainability transition in the coming decades. While the socio-technical change required for this transition is well discussed in the academic literature, the economics that go along with it are often reduced to a cost-benefit perspective of climate policy measures. By investigating climate change mitigation as a coordination problem, this thesis offers a novel perspective: It integrates the economic and the socio-technical dimension and thus allows to better understand the opportunities of a sustainability transition in Europe. First, a game theoretic framework is developed to illustrate coordination on green or brown investment from an agent perspective. A model based on the coordination game "stag hunt" is used to discuss the influence of narratives and signals for green investment as a means to coordinate expectations towards green growth. Public and private green investment impulses – triggered by credible climate policy measures and targets – serve as an example for a green growth perspective for Europe in line with a sustainability transition. This perspective also embodies a critical view on classical analyses of climate policy measures. Secondly, this analysis is enriched with empirical results derived from stakeholder involvement. In interviews and with a survey among European insurance companies, coordination mechanisms such as market and policy signals are identified and evaluated by their impact on investment strategies for green infrastructure. The latter, here defined as renewable energy, electricity distribution and transmission as well as energy efficiency improvements, is considered a central element of the transition to a low-carbon society. Thirdly, this thesis identifies and analyzes major criticisms raised towards stakeholder involvement in sustainability science. On a conceptual level, different ways of conducting such qualitative research are classified. This conceptualization is then evaluated by scientists, thereby generating empirical evidence on ideals and practices of stakeholder involvement in sustainability science. Through the combination of theoretical and empirical research on coordination problems, this thesis offers several contributions: On the one hand, it outlines an approach that allows to assess the economic opportunities of sustainability transitions. This is helpful for policy makers in Europe that are striving to implement climate policy measures addressing the targets of the Paris Agreement as well as to encourage a shift of investments towards green infrastructure. On the other hand, this thesis enhances the stabilization of the theoretical foundations in sustainability science. Therefore, it can aid researchers who involve stakeholders when studying sustainability transitions. N2 - Um die vereinbarten Klimaziele zu erreichen, muss die Europäische Union in den kommenden Jahrzehnten eine Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit bewältigen. Während der soziotechnische Wandel, der für diesen Übergang erforderlich ist, in der akademischen Literatur auf vielfältige Weise diskutiert wird, werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte häufig auf eine Kosten-Nutzen-Perspektive reduziert. Durch die Untersuchung von Maßnahmen zur Stärkung der Nachhaltigkeit und des Klimaschutzes im Kontext von Koordinationsproblemen bietet diese Arbeit eine neue Perspektive: Sie integriert die ökonomische und sozio-technische Dimension und ermöglicht so ein besseres Verständnis der Chancen einer Nachhaltigkeitstransformation in Europa. Dabei legt die Arbeit den Fokus auf drei Bereiche: Zuerst wird ein spieltheoretischer Rahmen entwickelt, um Fragen der Koordination von Akteuren im Bereich grüner und brauner Investitionen zu beleuchten. Hier wird mit Hilfe eines Modells, das auf dem Koordinationsspiel der "Hirschjagd" basiert, der Einfluss von Narrativen und Signalen auf eine Koordinierung der Erwartungen von Investoren diskutiert. Zugleich wird die Rolle von Investitionsimpulsen im Zusammenhang mit glaubwürdigen klimapolitischen Maßnahmen und Zielen im Hinblick auf eine grüne Wachstumsperspektive für Europa analysiert. Dies beinhaltet auch einen kritischen Blick auf klassische modellbasierte Analysen klimapolitischer Maßnahmen. Zweitens werden in dieser Arbeit empirische Ergebnisse aus der Stakeholdereinbindung genutzt, um Signale und Narrative in der Nachhaltigkeitstransformation zu evaluieren. In Interviews und mit einer Umfrage unter europäischen Versicherungskonzernen werden Koordinationsmechanismen wie Markt- und Politiksignale identifiziert und im Hinblick auf ihre Auswirkungen auf Investitionsentscheidungen bewertet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf grünen Investitionen in erneuerbare Energien, Stromnetze und Energieeffizienzverbesserungen als zentrale Elemente des Übergangs zu einer kohlenstoffarmen Gesellschaft. Drittens identifiziert und analysiert diese Arbeit die wichtigsten Kritikpunkte, die gegenüber der Einbeziehung von Stakeholdern in der transdisziplinären Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft vorgebracht werden. Auf konzeptioneller Ebene werden verschiedene Wege zur Durchführung qualitativer Forschung klassifiziert. Diese Konzeptualisierung wird dann von Wissenschaftlern evaluiert, wobei empirische Ergebnisse zu Idealen und zur Praxis der Einbeziehung von Stakeholdern in der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft generiert werden. Durch die Kombination von theoretischer und empirischer Koordinationsforschung liefert diese Arbeit mehrere Beiträge: Auf der einen Seite skizziert sie einen Ansatz, der es ermöglicht, die wirtschaftlichen Chancen der Transformation zur Nachhaltigkeit zu bewerten. Dies ist hilfreich für politische Entscheidungsträger in Europa, die klimapolitische Maßnahmen zur Erreichung der Ziele des Pariser Übereinkommens umsetzen sowie eine Verlagerung von Investitionen in Richtung umweltfreundliche Infrastruktur fördern wollen. Auf der anderen Seite stärkt diese Dissertation die theoretischen Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitswissenschaft und kann daher Forschern nützlich sein, die Stakeholder in der Untersuchung von Transformationsprozessen einbeziehen. KW - stakeholder involvement KW - coordination problems KW - green growth KW - sustainability transitions KW - climate policy KW - green investment KW - Stakeholdereinbindung KW - grünes Wachstum KW - Nachhaltigkeitstransformationen KW - Klimapolitik KW - grüne Investitionen Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427459 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pickering, Jonathan A1 - Skovgaard, Jakob A1 - Kim, Soyeun A1 - Roberts, J. Timmons A1 - Rossati, David A1 - Stadelmann, Martin A1 - Reich, Hendrikje T1 - Acting on Climate Finance Pledges: Inter-Agency Dynamics and Relationships with Aid in Contributor States JF - World development N2 - Developed countries have relied heavily on aid budgets to fulfill their pledges to boost funding for addressing climate change in developing countries. However, little is known about how interaction between aid and other ministries has shaped contributors' diverse approaches to climate finance. This paper investigates intra-governmental dynamics in decision-making on climate finance in seven contributor countries (Australia, Denmark, Germany, Japan, Switzerland, the UK, and the US). While aid agencies retained considerable control over implementation, environment and finance ministries have played an influential and often contrasting role on key policy issues, including distribution between mitigation and adaptation and among geographical regions. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - climate policy KW - climate finance KW - development assistance KW - bureaucratic politics Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.10.033 SN - 0305-750X VL - 68 SP - 149 EP - 162 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hickmann, Thomas T1 - Private authority in global climate governance the case of the clean development mechanism JF - Climate & development N2 - The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a prominent example of the mix of public and private authority in global climate policy-making. While national governments hold the supreme authority in the CDM, the oversight and daily supervision of the project-based mechanism have been delegated via an intergovernmental body to private corporations that evaluate the environmental performance of individual CDM projects. By focusing on the CDM as a particular instance of private authority in global climate governance, this article analyses the consequences associated with the delegation of authority to private actors. The article critically assesses the role of private auditing corporations, labelled Designated Operational Entities, in the regulatory framework of the CDM and points to serious trade-offs which accompany the privatisation of authority. The article's findings suggest that the promise of innovative modes of governance to increase the effectiveness of international regulation is seriously compromised by the profit-seeking behaviour of private actors. Hence, the article underscores the need to reconsider the balance between public and private authority in global (climate) governance. KW - carbon markets KW - Clean Development Mechanism KW - climate policy KW - global climate governance KW - post-2012 negotiations KW - private authority Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2013.768174 SN - 1756-5529 VL - 5 IS - 1 SP - 46 EP - 54 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER -