TY - JOUR
A1 - Seidel-Jacobs, Esther
A1 - Kohl, Fiona
A1 - Tamayo, Miguel
A1 - Rosenbauer, Joachim
A1 - Schulze, Matthias Bernd
A1 - Kuss, Oliver
A1 - Rathmann, Wolfgang
T1 - Impact of applying a diabetes risk score in primary care on change in physical activity
BT - a pragmatic cluster randomised trial
JF - Acta diabetologica
N2 - Aim
There is little evidence of the impact of diabetes risk scores on individual diabetes risk factors, motivation for behaviour changes and mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of applying a noninvasive diabetes risk score in primary care as component of routine health checks on physical activity and secondary outcomes.
Methods
Cluster randomised trial, in which primary care physicians (PCPs), randomised (1:1) by minimisation, enrolled participants with statutory health insurance without known diabetes, >= 35 years of age with a body mass index >= 27.0 kg/m(2). The German Diabetes Risk Score was applied as add-on to the standard routine health check, conducted in the controls. Primary outcome was the difference in participants' physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) after 12 months. Secondary outcomes included body mass index, perceived health, anxiety, depression, and motivation for lifestyle change. Analysis was by intention-to-treat principle using mixed models.
Results
36 PCPs were randomised; remaining 30 PCPs (intervention: n = 16; control: n = 14) recruited 315 participants (intervention: n = 153; controls: n = 162). A slight increase in physical activity was observed in the intervention group with an adjusted mean change of 388 (95% confidence interval: - 235; 1011) metabolic equivalents minutes per week. There were no relevant changes in secondary outcomes.
Conclusions
The application of a noninvasive diabetes risk score alone is not effective in promoting physical activity in primary care. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03234322, registration date: July 31, 2017).
KW - Risk score
KW - Risk prediction model
KW - Type 2 diabetes
KW - Prevention
KW - Physical activity
KW - Primary care
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-022-01895-y
SN - 0940-5429
SN - 1432-5233
VL - 59
IS - 8
SP - 1031
EP - 1040
PB - Springer
CY - Mailand
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gerlach, Marius
A1 - Preitschopf, Tobias
A1 - Karaev, Emil
A1 - Quitian-Lara, Heidy Mayerly
A1 - Mayer, Dennis
A1 - Bozek, John
A1 - Fischer, Ingo
A1 - Fink, Reinhold F.
T1 - Auger electron spectroscopy of fulminic acid, HCNO
BT - an experimental and theoretical study
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2 - HCNO is a molecule of considerable astrochemical interest as a precursor to prebiotic molecules. It is synthesized by preparative pyrolysis and is unstable at room temperature. Here, we investigate its spectroscopy in the soft X-ray regime at the C 1s, N 1s and O 1s edges. All 1s ionization energies are reported and X-ray absorption spectra reveal the transitions from the 1s to the pi* state. Resonant and normal Auger electron spectra for the decay of the core hole states are recorded in a hemispherical analyzer. An assignment of the experimental spectra is provided with the aid of theoretical counterparts. The latter are using a valence configuration interaction representation of the intermediate and final state energies and wavefunctions, the one-center approximation for transition rates and band shapes according to the moment theory. The computed spectra are in very good agreement with the experimental data and most of the relevant bands are assigned. Additionally, we present a simple approach to estimate relative Auger transition rates on the basis of a minimal basis representation of the molecular orbitals. We demonstrate that this provides a qualitatively good and reliable estimate for several signals in the normal and resonant Auger electron spectra which have significantly different intensities in the decay of the three core holes.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp02104h
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 25
SP - 15217
EP - 15229
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fritsch, Tobias
A1 - Kurpiers, Jona
A1 - Roland, Steffen
A1 - Tokmoldin, Nurlan
A1 - Shoaee, Safa
A1 - Ferron, Thomas
A1 - Collins, Brian A.
A1 - Janietz, Silvia
A1 - Vandewal, Koen
A1 - Neher, Dieter
T1 - On the interplay between CT and singlet exciton emission in organic solar cells with small driving force and its impact on voltage loss
JF - Advanced energy materials
N2 - The interplay between free charge carriers, charge transfer (CT) states and singlet excitons (S-1) determines the recombination pathway and the resulting open circuit voltage (V-OC) of organic solar cells.
By combining a well-aggregated low bandgap polymer with different blend ratios of the fullerenes PCBM and ICBA, the energy of the CT state (E-CT) is varied by 130 meV while leaving the S-1 energy of the polymer (ES1\[{E_{{{\rm{S}}_1}}}\]) unaffected.
It is found that the polymer exciton dominates the radiative properties of the blend when ECT\[{E_{{\rm{CT}}}}\] approaches ES1\[{E_{{{\rm{S}}_1}}}\], while the V-OC remains limited by the non-radiative decay of the CT state.
It is concluded that an increasing strength of the exciton in the optical spectra of organic solar cells will generally decrease the non-radiative voltage loss because it lowers the radiative V-OC limit (V-OC,V-rad), but not because it is more emissive.
The analysis further suggests that electronic coupling between the CT state and the S-1 will not improve the V-OC, but rather reduce the V-OC,V-rad.
It is anticipated that only at very low CT state absorption combined with a fairly high CT radiative efficiency the solar cell benefit from the radiative properties of the singlet excitons.
KW - external quantum efficiency
KW - organic photovoltaics
KW - ternary blends
KW - voltage losses
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200641
SN - 1614-6832
SN - 1614-6840
VL - 12
IS - 31
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Platz, Anna
A1 - Weckmann, Ute
A1 - Pek, Josef
A1 - Kovacikova, Svetlana
A1 - Klanica, Radek
A1 - Mair, Johannes
A1 - Aleid, Basel
T1 - 3D imaging of the subsurface electrical resistivity structure in West Bohemia/Upper Palatinate covering mofettes and quaternary volcanic structures by using magnetotellurics
JF - Tectonophysics : international journal of geotectonics and the geology and physics of the interior of the earth
N2 - The region of West Bohemia and Upper Palatinate belongs to the West Bohemian Massif. The study area is situated at the junction of three different Variscan tectonic units and hosts the ENE-WSW trending Ohre Rift as well as many different fault systems. The entire region is characterized by ongoing magmatic processes in the intra-continental lithospheric mantle expressed by a series of phenomena, including e.g. the occurrence of repeated earthquake swarms and massive degassing of mantle derived CO2 in form of mineral springs and mofettes. Ongoing active tectonics is mainly manifested by Cenozoic volcanism represented by different Quaternary volcanic structures. All these phenomena make the Ohre Rift a unique target area for European intra-continental geo-scientific research. With magnetotelluric (MT) measurements we image the subsurface distribution of the electrical resistivity and map possible fluid pathways. Two-dimensional (2D) inversion results by Munoz et al. (2018) reveal a conductive channel in the vicinity of the earthquake swarm region that extends from the lower crust to the surface forming a pathway for fluids into the region of the mofettes. A second conductive channel is present in the south of their model; however, their 2D inversions allow ambiguous interpretations of this feature. Therefore, we conducted a large 3D MT field experiment extending the study area towards the south. The 3D inversion result matches well with the known geology imaging different fluid/magma reservoirs at crust-mantle depth and mapping possible fluid pathways from the reservoirs to the surface feeding known mofettes and spas. A comparison of 3D and 2D inversion results suggests that the 2D inversion results are considerably characterized by 3D and off-profile structures. In this context, the new results advocate for the swarm earthquakes being located in the resistive host rock surrounding the conductive channels; a finding in line with observations e.g. at the San Andreas Fault, California.
KW - Magnetotellurics
KW - Ohre Rift
KW - Conductive channel
KW - Fluid/magma reservoir
KW - Earthquake swarm
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229353
SN - 0040-1951
SN - 1879-3266
VL - 833
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Tang, Mitchell
A1 - Nakamoto, Carter H.
A1 - Stern, Ariel Dora
A1 - Mehrotra, Ateev
T1 - Trends in remote patient monitoring use in traditional medicare
T2 - JAMA internal medicine
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2022.3043
SN - 2168-6106
SN - 2168-6114
VL - 182
IS - 9
SP - 1005
EP - 1006
PB - American Medical Association
CY - Chicago, Ill.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nguyen, Tam
A1 - Kumar, Rohini
A1 - Musolff, Andreas
A1 - Lutz, Stefanie R.
A1 - Sarrazin, Fanny
A1 - Attinger, Sabine
A1 - Fleckenstein, Jan H.
T1 - Disparate Seasonal Nitrate Export From Nested Heterogeneous Subcatchments Revealed With StorAge Selection Functions
JF - Water resources research
N2 - Understanding catchment controls on catchment solute export is a prerequisite for water quality management. StorAge Selection (SAS) functions encapsulate essential information about catchment functioning in terms of discharge selection preference and solute export dynamics. However, they lack information on the spatial origin of solutes when applied at the catchment scale, thereby limiting our understanding of the internal (subcatchment) functioning. Here, we parameterized SAS functions in a spatially explicit way to understand the internal catchment responses and transport dynamics of reactive dissolved nitrate (N-NO3). The model was applied in a nested mesoscale catchment (457 km(2)), consisting of a mountainous partly forested, partly agricultural subcatchment, a middle-reach forested subcatchment, and a lowland agricultural subcatchment. The model captured flow and nitrate concentration dynamics not only at the catchment outlet but also at internal gauging stations. Results reveal disparate subsurface mixing dynamics and nitrate export among headwater and lowland subcatchments. The headwater subcatchment has high seasonal variation in subsurface mixing schemes and younger water in discharge, while the lowland subcatchment has less pronounced seasonality in subsurface mixing and much older water in discharge. Consequently, nitrate concentration in discharge from the headwater subcatchment shows strong seasonality, whereas that from the lowland subcatchment is stable in time. The temporally varying responses of headwater and lowland subcatchments alternate the dominant contribution to nitrate export in high and low-flow periods between subcatchments. Overall, our results demonstrate that the spatially explicit SAS modeling provides useful information about internal catchment functioning, helping to develop or evaluate spatial management practices.
KW - catchment nitrate export
KW - StorAge Selection function
KW - travel time distribution
KW - mesoscale heterogeneous catchment
KW - subcatchment response
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2021WR030797
SN - 0043-1397
SN - 1944-7973
VL - 58
IS - 3
PB - American Geophysical Union
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Brosius-Gersdorf, Frauke
ED - Kischel, Uwe
ED - Kube, Hanno
T1 - § 12 Demografische Entwicklung - Alterung der Gesellschaft
T2 - Handbuch des Staatsrechts
Y1 - 2023
UR - https://www.juris.de/r3/document/clarice-CFM-HB-STRI-D0344
SN - 978-3-8114-6014-0
SN - 978-3-8114-5968-7
VL - 1
SP - 523
EP - 576
PB - C.F. Müller
CY - Heidelberg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Gosling, William D.
A1 - Scerri, Eleanor
A1 - Kaboth-Bahr, Stefanie
T1 - The climate and vegetation backdrop to hominin evolution in Africa
JF - Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences
N2 - The most profound shift in the African hydroclimate of the last 1 million years occurred around 300 thousand years (ka) ago.
This change in African hydroclimate is manifest as an east-west change in moisture balance that cannot be fully explained through linkages to high latitude climate systems.
The east-west shift is, instead, probably driven by a shift in the tropical Walker Circulation related to sea surface temperature change driven by orbital forcing. Comparing records of past vegetation change, and hominin evolution and development, with this breakpoint in the climate system is challenging owing to the paucity of study sites available and uncertainties regarding the dating of records. Notwithstanding these uncertainties we find that, broadly speaking, both vegetation and hominins change around 300 ka.
The vegetative backdrop suggests that relative abundance of vegetative resources shifted from western to eastern Africa, although resources would have persisted across the continent.
The climatic and vegetation changes probably provided challenges for hominins and are broadly coincident with the appearance of Homo sapiens (ca 315 ka) and the emergence of Middle Stone Age technology.
The concomitant changes in climate, vegetation and hominin evolution suggest that these factors are closely intertwined.
This article is part of the theme issue 'Tropical forests in the deep human past'.
KW - hominid
KW - pollen
KW - El Nino Southern Oscillation
KW - habitat
KW - human evolution
KW - Homo sapiens
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0483
SN - 0962-8436
SN - 1471-2970
VL - 377
IS - 1849
PB - Royal Society
CY - London
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Herschinger, Eva
A1 - Renner, Judith
ED - Sauer, Frank
ED - von Hauff, Luba
ED - Masala, Carlo
T1 - Diskursforschung in den Internationalen Beziehungen
T2 - Handbuch Internationale Beziehungen
N2 - Diskursive Perspektiven auf internationale Politik haben in den vergangenen Jahren an Relevanz und Popularität gewonnen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt zunächst einen Überblick über verschiedene Spielarten diskursiver Ansätze in den Internationalen Beziehungen, um sich dann vor allem poststrukturalistisch inspirierten Diskursarbeiten zu widmen. Poststrukturalistische Ansätze, so argumentieren wir, sind besonders interessant für die Disziplin der IB, da sie vier spezifische Gewinne bieten: Erstens erlauben sie eine kritische Perspektive auf Fragen internationaler Politik, zweitens hilft eine poststrukturalistische Perspektive dabei, den oft übersehenen politischen Charakter sozialer Realität herauszustellen, drittens halten sie dazu an, die eigene Sichtweise des/der Forschenden zu reflektieren und viertens erlaubt es eine poststrukturalistische Vorgehensweise mit ihrem Fokus auf „Wie-möglich-Fragen“, eine alternative analytische Perspektive zu dominanten erklärenden Ansätzen einzunehmen.
KW - Diskurs
KW - Internationale Beziehungen
KW - Diskursanalyse
KW - Diskurstheorie
KW - Poststrukturalismus
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-658-33952-4
SN - 978-3-658-33953-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-33953-1_15
SP - 375
EP - 399
PB - Springer VS
CY - Wiesbaden
ET - 3., vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ujevic, Maximiliano
A1 - Rashti, Alireza
A1 - Gieg, Henrique Leonhard
A1 - Tichy, Wolfgang
A1 - Dietrich, Tim
T1 - High-accuracy high-mass-ratio simulations for binary neutron stars and their comparison to existing waveform models
JF - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
N2 - The subsequent observing runs of the advanced gravitational-wave detector network will likely provide us with various gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star systems. For an accurate interpretation of these detections, we need reliable gravitational-wave models. To test and to point out how existing models could be improved, we perform a set of high-resolution numerical relativity simulations for four different physical setups with mass ratios q = 1.25, 1.50, 1.75, 2.00, and total gravitational mass M = 2.7 M???. Each configuration is simulated with five different resolutions to allow a proper error assessment. Overall, we find approximately second-order converging results for the dominant (2,2) mode, but also the subdominant (2,1), (3,3), and (4,4) modes, while generally, the convergence order reduces slightly for an increasing mass ratio. Our simulations allow us to validate waveform models, where we find generally good agreement between state-of-the-art models and our data, and to prove that scaling relations for higher modes currently employed for binary black hole waveform modeling also apply for the tidal contribution. Finally, we also test if the current NRTidal model used to describe tidal effects is a valid description for high-mass-ratio systems. We hope that our simulation results can be used to further improve and test waveform models in preparation for the next observing runs.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.106.023029
SN - 2470-0010
SN - 2470-0029
VL - 106
IS - 2
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mbebi, Alain J.
A1 - Breitler, Jean-Christophe
A1 - Bordeaux, M'elanie
A1 - Sulpice, Ronan
A1 - McHale, Marcus
A1 - Tong, Hao
A1 - Toniutti, Lucile
A1 - Castillo, Jonny Alonso
A1 - Bertrand, Benoit
A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1 - A comparative analysis of genomic and phenomic predictions of growth-related traits in 3-way coffee hybrids
JF - G3: Genes, genomes, genetics
N2 - Genomic prediction has revolutionized crop breeding despite remaining issues of transferability of models to unseen environmental conditions and environments. Usage of endophenotypes rather than genomic markers leads to the possibility of building phenomic prediction models that can account, in part, for this challenge. Here, we compare and contrast genomic prediction and phenomic prediction models for 3 growth-related traits, namely, leaf count, tree height, and trunk diameter, from 2 coffee 3-way hybrid populations exposed to a series of treatment-inducing environmental conditions. The models are based on 7 different statistical methods built with genomic markers and ChlF data used as predictors. This comparative analysis demonstrates that the best-performing phenomic prediction models show higher predictability than the best genomic prediction models for the considered traits and environments in the vast majority of comparisons within 3-way hybrid populations. In addition, we show that phenomic prediction models are transferrable between conditions but to a lower extent between populations and we conclude that chlorophyll a fluorescence data can serve as alternative predictors in statistical models of coffee hybrid performance. Future directions will explore their combination with other endophenotypes to further improve the prediction of growth-related traits for crops.
KW - genomic prediction
KW - phenomic prediction
KW - 3-way coffee hybrids
KW - chlorophyll a fluorescence
KW - GenPred
KW - Shared Data Resource
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/g3journal/jkac170
SN - 2160-1836
VL - 12
IS - 9
PB - Genetics Soc. of America
CY - Pittsburgh, PA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Büchner, Robby
A1 - da Cruz, Vinicius Vaz
A1 - Grover, Nitika
A1 - Charisiadis, Asterios
A1 - Fondell, Mattis
A1 - Haverkamp, Robert
A1 - Senge, Mathias O.
A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander
T1 - Fundamental electronic changes upon intersystem crossing in large aromatic photosensitizers: free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2 - Free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin stands for the class of powerful porphyrin photosensitizers for singlet oxygen generation and light-harvesting. The atomic level selectivity of dynamic UV pump - N K-edge probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy in combination with time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) gives direct access to the crucial excited molecular states within the unusual relaxation pathway.
The efficient intersystem crossing, that is El-Sayed forbidden and not facilitated by a heavy atom is confirmed to be the result of the long singlet excited state lifetime (Q(x) 4.9 ns) and thermal effects.
Overall, the interplay of stabilization by conservation of angular momenta and vibronic relaxation drive the de-excitation in these chromophores.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05420a
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 12
SP - 7505
EP - 7511
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Altenburg, Tom
A1 - Giese, Sven Hans-Joachim
A1 - Wang, Shengbo
A1 - Muth, Thilo
A1 - Renard, Bernhard Y.
T1 - Ad hoc learning of peptide fragmentation from mass spectra enables an interpretable detection of phosphorylated and cross-linked peptides
JF - Nature machine intelligence
N2 - Fragmentation of peptides leaves characteristic patterns in mass spectrometry data, which can be used to identify protein sequences, but this method is challenging for mutated or modified sequences for which limited information exist. Altenburg et al. use an ad hoc learning approach to learn relevant patterns directly from unannotated fragmentation spectra.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a holistic snapshot of the entire protein set of living cells on a molecular level. Currently, only a few deep learning approaches exist that involve peptide fragmentation spectra, which represent partial sequence information of proteins.
Commonly, these approaches lack the ability to characterize less studied or even unknown patterns in spectra because of their use of explicit domain knowledge.
Here, to elevate unrestricted learning from spectra, we introduce 'ad hoc learning of fragmentation' (AHLF), a deep learning model that is end-to-end trained on 19.2 million spectra from several phosphoproteomic datasets. AHLF is interpretable, and we show that peak-level feature importance values and pairwise interactions between peaks are in line with corresponding peptide fragments.
We demonstrate our approach by detecting post-translational modifications, specifically protein phosphorylation based on only the fragmentation spectrum without a database search. AHLF increases the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) by an average of 9.4% on recent phosphoproteomic data compared with the current state of the art on this task.
Furthermore, use of AHLF in rescoring search results increases the number of phosphopeptide identifications by a margin of up to 15.1% at a constant false discovery rate. To show the broad applicability of AHLF, we use transfer learning to also detect cross-linked peptides, as used in protein structure analysis, with an AUC of up to 94%.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-022-00467-7
SN - 2522-5839
VL - 4
IS - 4
SP - 378
EP - 388
PB - Springer Nature Publishing
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Buter, Anuschka
A1 - Heckmann, Tobias
A1 - Filisetti, Lorenzo
A1 - Savi, Sara
A1 - Mao, Luca
A1 - Gems, Bernhard
A1 - Comiti, Francesco
T1 - Effects of catchment characteristics and hydro-meteorological scenarios on sediment connectivity in glacierised catchments
JF - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
N2 - In the past decade, sediment connectivity has become a widely recognized characteristic of a geomorphic system. However, the quantification of functional connectivity (i.e. connectivity which arises due to the actual occurrence of sediment transport processes) and its variation over space and time is still a challenge. In this context, this study assesses the effects of expected future phenomena in the context of climate change (i.e. glacier retreat, permafrost degradation or meteorological extreme events) on sediment transport dynamics in a glacierised Alpine basin. The study area is the Sulden river basin (drainage area 130 km(2)) in the Italian Alps, which is composed of two geomorphologically diverse sub-basins. Based on graph theory, we evaluated the spatio-temporal variations in functional connectivity in these two sub-basins. The graph-object, obtained by manually mapping sediment transport processes between landforms, was adapted to 6 different hydro-meteorological scenarios, which derive from combining base, heatwave and rainstorm conditions with snowmelt and glacier-melt periods. For each scenario and each sub-basin, the sediment transport network and related catchment characteristics were analysed. To compare the effects of the scenarios on functional connectivity, we introduced a connectivity degree, calculated based on the area of the landforms involved in sediment cascades. Results indicate that the area of the basin connected to its outlet in terms of sediment transport might feature a six-fold increase in case of rainstorm conditions compared to "average " meteorological conditions assumed for the base scenario. Furthermore, markedly different effects of climate change on sediment connectivity are expected between the two sub-catchments due to their contrasting morphological and lithological characteristics, in terms of relative importance of rainfall triggered colluvial processes vs temperature-driven proglacial fluvial dynamics.
KW - Functional connectivity
KW - Graph theory
KW - Climate change
KW - Geomorphic systems
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108128
SN - 0169-555X
SN - 1872-695X
VL - 402
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dorsch, Matti
A1 - Jeffery, C. Simon
A1 - Irrgang, Andreas
A1 - Woolf, Vincent
A1 - Heber, Ulrich
T1 - EC 22536-5304
BT - a lead-rich and metal-poor long-period binary
JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2 - Helium-burning hot subdwarf stars of spectral types O and B (sdO/B) are thought to be produced through various types of binary interactions. The helium-rich hot subdwarf star EC 22536-5304 was recently found to be extremely enriched in lead. Here, we show that EC 22536-5304 is a binary star with a metal-poor subdwarf F-type (sdF) companion. We performed a detailed analysis of high-resolution SALT/HRS and VLT/UVES spectra, deriving metal abundances for the hot subdwarf, as well as atmospheric parameters for both components. Because we consider the contribution of the sdF star, the derived lead abundance for the sdOB, + 6.3 +/- 0.3 dex relative to solar, is even higher than previously thought. We derive T-eff = 6210 +/- 70 K, log g = 4.64 +/- 0.10, [FE/H] = - 1.95 +/- 0.04, and [alpha/Fe] = + 0.40 +/- 0.04 for the sdF component. Radial velocity variations, although poorly sampled at present, indicate that the binary system has a long orbital period of about 457 days. This suggests that the system was likely formed through stable Roche lobe overflow (RLOF). A kinematic analysis shows that EC 22536-5304 is on an eccentric orbit around the Galactic centre. This, as well as the low metallicity and strong alpha enhancement of the sdF-type companion, indicate that EC 22536-5304 is part of the Galactic halo or metal-weak thick disc. As the first long-period hot subdwarf binary at [FE/H] less than or similar to- 1, EC 22536-5304 may help to constrain the RLOF mechanism for mass transfer from low-mass, low-metallicity red giant branch (RGB) stars to main-sequence companions.
KW - stars: abundances
KW - stars: chemically peculiar
KW - subdwarfs
KW - stars: individual: EC 22536-5304
KW - binaries: spectroscopic
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202141381
SN - 1432-0746
VL - 653
PB - EDP Sciences
CY - Les Ulis
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Foong, Adrian
A1 - Pradhan, Prajal
A1 - Frör, Oliver
A1 - Kropp, Jürgen P.
T1 - Adjusting agricultural emissions for trade matters for climate change mitigation
JF - Nature Communications
N2 - Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in food systems is becoming more challenging as food is increasingly consumed away from producer regions, highlighting the need to consider emissions embodied in trade in agricultural emissions accounting.
To address this, our study explores recent trends in trade-adjusted agricultural emissions of food items at the global, regional, and national levels.
We find that emissions are largely dependent on a country’s consumption patterns and their agricultural emission intensities relative to their trading partners’.
The absolute differences between the production-based and trade-adjusted emissions accounting approaches are especially apparent for major agricultural exporters and importers and where large shares of emission-intensive items such as ruminant meat, milk products and rice are involved.
In relative terms, some low-income and emerging and developing economies with consumption of high emission intensity food products show large differences between approaches.
Similar trends are also found under various specifications that account for trade and re-exports differently.
These findings could serve as an important element towards constructing national emissions reduction targets that consider trading partners, leading to more effective emissions reductions overall.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30607-x
SN - 2041-1723
VL - 13
IS - 1
PB - Nature Publishing Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Thiele, Lukas
A1 - Pruin, Andree
T1 - Does large-scale digital collaboration contribute to crisis management?
T1 - Digitale Massenkollaboration als Teil von staatlichem Krisenmanagement?
BT - an analysis of projects from the #WirVsVirus hackathon implemented in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic
BT - eine Analyse von Projekten aus dem #WirVsVirus-Hackathon in Deutschland
JF - der moderne staat – Zeitschrift für Public Policy, Recht und Management
N2 - In recent years, collaborative approaches to crisis management involving citizens have gained increasing attention. One example is the #WirVsVirus hackathon, which was conducted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and had over 28,000 participants. Because research on large-scale, digital collaboration in crisis situations is scarce, consequences of their use in crisis management remain unclear. This article relies on the open governance paradigm as a lens for studying two projects emerging from the hackathon. Based on nine qualitative expert interviews, we ask how digital open governance affects governance capacity and legitimacy in crisis management. Our findings suggest that digital open governance can contribute to governance capacity and legitimacy, as it mobilises large, diverse groups of citizens to quickly develop citizen-centric, ready-to-use solutions for crisisrelated problems. However, we also identified potential problems, including risks regarding legitimacy and accountability, difficulties with scalable solutions, and questionable long-term impacts.
N2 - Kollaborative, partizipative Instrumente zur Krisenbekämpfung haben in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist der #WirVsVirus-Hackathon, der als Reaktion auf die COVID-19-Pandemie durchgeführt wurde und über 28.000 Teilnehmer:innen erreichte. Bislang wurden die Auswirkungen solch groß angelegter, kollaborativer Ansätze zur Krisenbewältigung auf staatliches Krisenmanagement nur selten untersucht. Diese Studie analysiert den Hackathon und die daraus entstandenen Projekte aus der Perspektive des Open Governance-Paradigmas. Auf Grundlage von neun Experteninterviews untersuchen wir, wie sich digitale Open Governance auf die Regierungsfähigkeit und Legitimität in Krisenzeiten auswirkt. Unsere Analyse zeigt, dass digitale Open Governance zur Leistungsfähigkeit und Legitimität staatlichen Handelns in Krisenzeiten beitragen kann, da solche Projekte eine breite und diverse Teilnehmerschaft mobilisieren und in kurzer Zeit bürgerzentrierte, nutzbare Lösungen für krisenbezogene Probleme entwickeln können. Dem stehen allerdings Zweifel an der langfristigen Beständigkeit der Projekte, ihrer Skalierbarkeit, sowie Risiken hinsichtlich der Legitimität und Rechenschaftspflicht entgegen.
KW - open governance
KW - crisis management
KW - capacity
KW - legitimacy
KW - hackathon
KW - Open Governance
KW - Krisenmanagement
KW - Staatliche Leistungsfähigkeit
KW - Legitimität
KW - Hackathon
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v14i2.07
SN - 1865-7192
VL - 14
IS - 2-2021
SP - 334
EP - 350
PB - Verlag Barbara Budrich
CY - Leverkusen-Opladen
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heim, Birgit
A1 - Lisovski, Simeon
A1 - Wieczorek, Mareike
A1 - Morgenstern, Anne
A1 - Juhls, Bennet
A1 - Shevtsova, Iuliia
A1 - Kruse, Stefan
A1 - Boike, Julia
A1 - Fedorova, Irina
A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1 - Spring snow cover duration and tundra greenness in the Lena Delta, Siberia
BT - two decades of MODIS satellite time series (2001-2021)
JF - Environmental research letters
N2 - The Lena Delta in Siberia is the largest delta in the Arctic and as a snow-dominated ecosystem particularly vulnerable to climate change.
Using the two decades of MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer satellite acquisitions, this study investigates interannual and spatial variability of snow-cover duration and summer vegetation vitality in the Lena Delta.
We approximated snow by the application of the normalized difference snow index and vegetation greenness by the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We consolidated the analyses by integrating reanalysis products on air temperature from 2001 to 2021, and air temperature, ground temperature, and the date of snow-melt from time-lapse camera (TLC) observations from the Samoylov observatory located in the central delta.
We extracted spring snow-cover duration determined by a latitudinal gradient. The 'regular year' snow-melt is transgressing from mid-May to late May within a time window of 10 days across the delta.
We calculated yearly deviations per grid cell for two defined regions, one for the delta, and one focusing on the central delta. We identified an ensemble of early snow-melt years from 2012 to 2014, with snow-melt already starting in early May, and two late snow-melt years in 2004 and 2017, with snow-melt starting in June. In the times of TLC recording, the years of early and late snow-melt were confirmed.
In the three summers after early snow-melt, summer vegetation greenness showed neither positive nor negative deviations. Whereas, vegetation greenness was reduced in 2004 after late snow-melt together with the lowest June monthly air temperature of the time series record. Since 2005, vegetation greenness is rising, with maxima in 2018 and 2021.
The NDVI rise since 2018 is preceded by up to 4 degrees C warmer than average June air temperature. The ongoing operation of satellite missions allows to monitor a wide range of land surface properties and processes that will provide urgently needed data in times when logistical challenges lead to data gaps in land-based observations in the rapidly changing Arctic.
KW - Arctic vegetation
KW - tundra
KW - snow cover duration
KW - NDVI
KW - NDSI
KW - MODIS
KW - Lena Delta
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac8066
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 17
IS - 8
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Daskalopoulou, Kyriaki
A1 - D'Alessandro, Walter
A1 - Longo, Manfredi
A1 - Pecoraino, Giovannella
A1 - Calabrese, Sergio
T1 - Shallow sea gas manifestations in the Aegean Sea (Greece) as natural analogs to study ocean acidification
BT - first catalog and geochemical characterization
JF - Frontiers in Marine Science
N2 - The concepts of CO2 emission, global warming, climate change, and their environmental impacts are of utmost importance for the understanding and protection of the ecosystems.
Among the natural sources of gases into the atmosphere, the contribution of geogenic sources plays a crucial role. However, while subaerial emissions are widely studied, submarine outgassing is not yet well understood.
In this study, we review and catalog 122 literature and unpublished data of submarine emissions distributed in ten coastal areas of the Aegean Sea. This catalog includes descriptions of the degassing vents through in situ observations, their chemical and isotopic compositions, and flux estimations.
Temperatures and pH data of surface seawaters in four areas affected by submarine degassing are also presented.
This overview provides useful information to researchers studying the impact of enhanced seawater CO2 concentrations related either to increasing CO2 levels in the atmosphere or leaking carbon capture and storage systems.
KW - CO2 emissions
KW - submarine gas vents
KW - geogenic degassing
KW - environmental
KW - impact
KW - Greek Islands
KW - gas flux
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.775247
SN - 2296-7745
VL - 8
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Pruin, Andree
ED - Randma-Liiv, Tiina
ED - Lember, Veiko
T1 - How organizational factors shape e-participation
BT - lessons from the German one-stop participation portal meinBerlin
T2 - Engaging citizens in policy making : e-participation practices in Europe
Y1 - 2022
SN - 9781800374362
SN - 9781800374355
U6 - https://doi.org/10.4337/9781800374362.00022
SP - 209
EP - 224
PB - Edward Elgar Publishing
CY - Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Montes-Osuna, Nuria
A1 - Cernava, Tomislav
A1 - Gomez-Lama Cabanas, Carmen
A1 - Berg, Gabriele
A1 - Mercado-Blanco, Jesus
T1 - Identification of volatile organic compounds emitted by two beneficial endophytic pseudomonas strains from olive roots
JF - Plants
N2 - The production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represents a promising strategy of plant-beneficial bacteria to control soil-borne phytopathogens.
Pseudomonas sp. PICF6 and Pseudomonas simiae PICF7 are two indigenous inhabitants of olive roots displaying effective biological control against Verticillium dahliae. Additionally, strain PICF7 is able to promote the growth of barley and Arabidopsis thaliana, VOCs being involved in the growth of the latter species.
In this study, the antagonistic capacity of these endophytic bacteria against relevant phytopathogens (Verticillium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici) was assessed. Under in vitro conditions, PICF6 and PICF7 were only able to antagonize representative isolates of V. dahliae and V. longisporum. Remarkably, both strains produced an impressive portfolio of up to twenty VOCs, that included compounds with reported antifungal (e.g., 1-undecene, (methyldisulfanyl) methane and 1-decene) or plant growth promoting (e.g., tridecane, 1-decene) activities. Moreover, their volatilomes differed strongly in the absence and presence of V. dahliae.
For example, when co incubated with the defoliating pathotype of V. dahliae, the antifungal compound 4-methyl-2,6-bis(2-methyl-2-propanyl)phenol was produced. Results suggest that volatiles emitted by these endophytes may differ in their modes of action, and that potential benefits for the host needs further investigation in planta.
KW - biological control agents
KW - olive rhizobacteria
KW - Pseudomonas sp
KW - PICF6
KW - Pseudomonas simiae PICF7
KW - root endophytes
KW - Verticillium dahliae
KW - volatilome
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11030318
SN - 2223-7747
VL - 11
IS - 3
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Andersson, Edvin K. W.
A1 - Sångeland, Christofer
A1 - Berggren, Elin
A1 - Johansson, Fredrik O. L.
A1 - Kühn, Danilo
A1 - Lindblad, Andreas
A1 - Mindemark, Jonas
A1 - Hahlin, Maria
T1 - Early-stage decomposition of solid polymer electrolytes in Li-metal batteries
JF - Journal of materials chemistry : A, Materials for energy and sustainability
N2 - Development of functional and stable solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for battery applications is an important step towards both safer batteries and for the realization of lithium-based or anode-less batteries. The interface between the lithium and the solid polymer electrolyte is one of the bottlenecks, where severe degradation is expected. Here, the stability of three different SPEs - poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) - together with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) salt, is investigated after they have been exposed to lithium metal under UHV conditions. Degradation compounds, e.g. Li-O-R, LiF and LixSyOz, are identified for all SPEs using soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A competing degradation between polymer and salt is identified in the outermost surface region (<7 nm), and is dependent on the polymer host. PTMC:LiTFSI shows the most severe decomposition of both polymer and salt followed by PCL:LiTFSI and PEO:LiTFSI. In addition, the movement of lithium species through the decomposed interface shows large variation depending on the polymer electrolyte system.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta05015j
SN - 2050-7488
SN - 2050-7496
VL - 9
IS - 39
SP - 22462
EP - 22471
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wormell, Caroline L.
A1 - Reich, Sebastian
T1 - Spectral convergence of diffusion maps
BT - Improved error bounds and an alternative normalization
JF - SIAM journal on numerical analysis / Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
N2 - Diffusion maps is a manifold learning algorithm widely used for dimensionality reduction. Using a sample from a distribution, it approximates the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of associated Laplace-Beltrami operators. Theoretical bounds on the approximation error are, however, generally much weaker than the rates that are seen in practice. This paper uses new approaches to improve the error bounds in the model case where the distribution is supported on a hypertorus. For the data sampling (variance) component of the error we make spatially localized compact embedding estimates on certain Hardy spaces; we study the deterministic (bias) component as a perturbation of the Laplace-Beltrami operator's associated PDE and apply relevant spectral stability results. Using these approaches, we match long-standing pointwise error bounds for both the spectral data and the norm convergence of the operator discretization. We also introduce an alternative normalization for diffusion maps based on Sinkhorn weights. This normalization approximates a Langevin diffusion on the sample and yields a symmetric operator approximation. We prove that it has better convergence compared with the standard normalization on flat domains, and we present a highly efficient rigorous algorithm to compute the Sinkhorn weights.
KW - diffusion maps
KW - graph Laplacian
KW - Sinkhorn problem
KW - kernel methods
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1137/20M1344093
SN - 0036-1429
SN - 1095-7170
VL - 59
IS - 3
SP - 1687
EP - 1734
PB - Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
CY - Philadelphia
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ortiz, Gustavo
A1 - Saez, Mauro
A1 - Alvarado, Patricia
A1 - Rivas, Carolina
A1 - García, Víctor Hugo
A1 - Alonso, Ricardo
A1 - Zullo, Fernando Morales
T1 - Seismotectonic characterization of the 1948 (M-W 6.9) Anta earthquake Santa Barbara System, central Andes broken foreland of northwestern Argentina
JF - Journal of South American earth sciences
N2 - The region of the Andean back-arc of northwestern Argentina has been struck by several magnitude >= 6 crustal earthquakes since the first historically recorded event in 1692. One of these events corresponds to the Anta earthquake on 25 August 1948, with epicenter in the Santa Barbara System causing three deaths and severe damage in Salta and Jujuy provinces with maximum Modified Mercalli seismic intensities (MMI) of IX. We collected and digitized analog seismograms of this earthquake from worldwide seismic observatories in order to perform first-motion analysis and modeling of long-period teleseismic P-waveforms. Our results indicate a simple seismic source of M0 = 2.85 x 1019 N m consistent with a moment magnitude Mw = 6.9. We have also tested for the focal depth determining a shallow source at 8 km with a reverse focal mechanism solution with a minor dextral strike-slip component (strike 20 degrees, dip 30 degrees, rake 120 degrees) from the best fit of waveforms. Using magnitude size empirical relationships, the comparison of the obtained Mw 6.9 magnitude value and the ca. 10,000 km2 area of MMI >= IX from our seismic intensity map, which was obtained from newspaper and many historical reports, indicates a rupture length of 42 +/- 8 km for the Anta earthquake. We show our results in a 3D geological model around the epicentral area, which integrates modern seismicity, geological data, and information of a previously studied east-west cross section located a few kilometers south of the 1948 epicenter. The integration of all available information provides evidence of the re-activation of the Pie de la Sierra del Gallo fault during the 1948 Mw 6.9 shallow earthquake; this thrust fault bounds the Santa Barbara System along its western foothill.
KW - Active tectonics
KW - Analog historical seismograms
KW - Andean back-arc;
KW - Thick-skinned tectonics
KW - Central Andes
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103822
SN - 0895-9811
SN - 1873-0647
VL - 116
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cseh, Ágnes
A1 - Juhos, Attila
T1 - Pairwise preferences in the stable marriage problem
JF - ACM Transactions on Economics and Computation / Association for Computing Machinery
N2 - We study the classical, two-sided stable marriage problem under pairwise preferences. In the most general setting, agents are allowed to express their preferences as comparisons of any two of their edges, and they also have the right to declare a draw or even withdraw from such a comparison. This freedom is then gradually restricted as we specify six stages of orderedness in the preferences, ending with the classical case of strictly ordered lists. We study all cases occurring when combining the three known notions of stability-weak, strong, and super-stability-under the assumption that each side of the bipartite market obtains one of the six degrees of orderedness. By designing three polynomial algorithms and two NP-completeness proofs, we determine the complexity of all cases not yet known and thus give an exact boundary in terms of preference structure between tractable and intractable cases.
KW - Stable marriage
KW - intransitivity
KW - acyclic preferences
KW - poset
KW - weakly
KW - stable matching
KW - strongly stable matching
KW - super stable matching
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1145/3434427
SN - 2167-8375
SN - 2167-8383
VL - 9
IS - 1
PB - Association for Computing Machinery
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Liu, Liquan
A1 - Götz, Antonia
A1 - Lorette, Pernelle
A1 - Tyler, Michael D.
T1 - How tone, intonation and emotion shape the development of infants' fundamental frequency perception
JF - Frontiers in psychology
N2 - Fundamental frequency (integral(0)), perceived as pitch, is the first and arguably most salient auditory component humans are exposed to since the beginning of life.
It carries multiple linguistic (e.g., word meaning) and paralinguistic (e.g., speakers' emotion) functions in speech and communication.
The mappings between these functions and integral(0) features vary within a language and differ cross-linguistically. For instance, a rising pitch can be perceived as a question in English but a lexical tone in Mandarin. Such variations mean that infants must learn the specific mappings based on their respective linguistic and social environments.
To date, canonical theoretical frameworks and most empirical studies do not view or consider the multi-functionality of integral(0), but typically focus on individual functions. More importantly, despite the eventual mastery of integral(0) in communication, it is unclear how infants learn to decompose and recognize these overlapping functions carried by integral(0). In this paper, we review the symbioses and synergies of the lexical, intonational, and emotional functions that can be carried by integral(0) and are being acquired throughout infancy.
On the basis of our review, we put forward the Learnability Hypothesis that infants decompose and acquire multiple integral(0) functions through native/environmental experiences. Under this hypothesis, we propose representative cases such as the synergy scenario, where infants use visual cues to disambiguate and decompose the different integral(0) functions. Further, viable ways to test the scenarios derived from this hypothesis are suggested across auditory and visual modalities.
Discovering how infants learn to master the diverse functions carried by integral(0) can increase our understanding of linguistic systems, auditory processing and communication functions.
KW - lexical tone
KW - intonation, Prosody
KW - phonological theory
KW - sensory processing
KW - cognitive processing
KW - cross-linguistic transfer
KW - emotional tone
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906848
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 13
PB - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Haubitz, Toni
A1 - Drobot, Björn
A1 - Tsushima, Satoru
A1 - Steudtner, Robin
A1 - Stumpf, Thorsten
A1 - Kumke, Michael Uwe
T1 - Quenching mechanism of uranyl(VI) by chloride and bromide in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions
JF - The journal of physical chemistry : A, Molecules, spectroscopy, kinetics, environment & general theory
N2 - A major hindrance in utilizing uranyl(VI) luminescence as a standard analytical tool, for example, in environmental monitoring or nuclear industries, is quenching by other ions such as halide ions, which are present in many relevant matrices of uranyl(VI) speciation. Here, we demonstrate through a combination of time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy, transient absorption spectroscopy, and quantum chemistry that coordinating solvent molecules play a crucial role in U(VI) halide luminescence quenching. We show that our previously suggested quenching mechanism based on an internal redox reaction of the 1:2-uranyl-halide-complex holds also true for bromide-induced quenching of uranyl(VI). By adopting specific organic solvents, we were able to suppress the separation of the oxidized halide ligand X-2(center dot-) and the formed uranyl(V) into fully solvated ions, thereby "reigniting" U(VI) luminescence. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations show that quenching occurs through the outer-sphere complex of U(VI) and halide in water, while the ligand-to-metal charge transfer is strongly reduced in acetonitrile.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02487
SN - 1089-5639
SN - 1520-5215
VL - 125
IS - 20
SP - 4380
EP - 4389
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Nwosu, Ebuka Canisius
A1 - Brauer, Achim
A1 - Kaiser, Jérôme
A1 - Horn, Fabian
A1 - Wagner, Dirk
A1 - Liebner, Susanne
T1 - Evaluating sedimentary DNA for tracing changes in cyanobacteria dynamics from sediments spanning the last 350 years of Lake Tiefer See, NE Germany
JF - Journal of paleolimnology
N2 - Since the beginning of the Anthropocene, lacustrine biodiversity has been influenced by climate change and human activities. These factors advance the spread of harmful cyanobacteria in lakes around the world, which affects water quality and impairs the aquatic food chain. In this study, we assessed changes in cyanobacterial community dynamics via sedimentary DNA (sedaDNA) from well-dated lake sediments of Lake Tiefer See, which is part of the Klocksin Lake Chain spanning the last 350 years. Our diversity and community analysis revealed that cyanobacterial communities form clusters according to the presence or absence of varves. Based on distance-based redundancy and variation partitioning analyses (dbRDA and VPA) we identified that intensified lake circulation inferred from vegetation openness reconstructions, delta C-13 data (a proxy for varve preservation) and total nitrogen content were abiotic factors that significantly explained the variation in the reconstructed cyanobacterial community from Lake Tiefer See sediments. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to Microcystis sp. and Aphanizomenon sp. were identified as potential eutrophication-driven taxa of growing importance since circa common era (ca. CE) 1920 till present. This result is corroborated by a cyanobacteria lipid biomarker analysis. Furthermore, we suggest that stronger lake circulation as indicated by non-varved sediments favoured the deposition of the non-photosynthetic cyanobacteria sister clade Sericytochromatia, whereas lake bottom anoxia as indicated by subrecent- and recent varves favoured the Melainabacteria in sediments. Our findings highlight the potential of high-resolution amplicon sequencing in investigating the dynamics of past cyanobacterial communities in lake sediments and show that lake circulation, anoxic conditions, and human-induced eutrophication are main factors explaining variations in the cyanobacteria community in Lake Tiefer See during the last 350 years.
KW - Late Holocene
KW - Methylheptadecanes
KW - Varves
KW - Anthropocene
KW - Sericytochromatia
KW - Melainabacteria
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-021-00206-9
SN - 0921-2728
SN - 1573-0417
VL - 66
IS - 3
SP - 279
EP - 296
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wang, Wei
A1 - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1 - Kantz, Holger
A1 - Metzler, Ralf
A1 - Sokolov, Igor M.
T1 - Time averaging and emerging nonergodicity upon resetting of fractional Brownian motion and heterogeneous diffusion processes
JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2 - How different are the results of constant-rate resetting of anomalous-diffusion processes in terms of their ensemble-averaged versus time-averaged mean-squared displacements (MSDs versus TAMSDs) and how does stochastic resetting impact nonergodicity? We examine, both analytically and by simulations, the implications of resetting on the MSD- and TAMSD-based spreading dynamics of particles executing fractional Brownian motion (FBM) with a long-time memory, heterogeneous diffusion processes (HDPs) with a power-law space-dependent diffusivity D(x) = D0|x|gamma and their "combined" process of HDP-FBM. We find, inter alia, that the resetting dynamics of originally ergodic FBM for superdiffusive Hurst exponents develops disparities in scaling and magnitudes of the MSDs and mean TAMSDs indicating weak ergodicity breaking. For subdiffusive HDPs we also quantify the nonequivalence of the MSD and TAMSD and observe a new trimodal form of the probability density function. For reset FBM, HDPs and HDP-FBM we compute analytically and verify by simulations the short-time MSD and TAMSD asymptotes and long-time plateaus reminiscent of those for processes under confinement. We show that certain characteristics of these reset processes are functionally similar despite a different stochastic nature of their nonreset variants. Importantly, we discover nonmonotonicity of the ergodicitybreaking parameter EB as a function of the resetting rate r. For all reset processes studied we unveil a pronounced resetting-induced nonergodicity with a maximum of EB at intermediate r and EB similar to(1/r )-decay at large r. Alongside the emerging MSD-versus-TAMSD disparity, this r-dependence of EB can be an experimentally testable prediction. We conclude by discussing some implications to experimental systems featuring resetting dynamics.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.104.024105
SN - 2470-0045
SN - 2470-0053
VL - 104
IS - 2
PB - American Institute of Physics
CY - Woodbury, NY
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cseh, Ágnes
A1 - Kavitha, Telikepalli
T1 - Popular matchings in complete graphs
JF - Algorithmica : an international journal in computer science
N2 - Our input is a complete graph G on n vertices where each vertex has a strict ranking of all other vertices in G. The goal is to construct a matching in G that is popular. A matching M is popular if M does not lose a head-to-head election against any matching M ': here each vertex casts a vote for the matching in {M,M '} in which it gets a better assignment. Popular matchings need not exist in the given instance G and the popular matching problem is to decide whether one exists or not. The popular matching problem in G is easy to solve for odd n. Surprisingly, the problem becomes NP-complete for even n, as we show here. This is one of the few graph theoretic problems efficiently solvable when n has one parity and NP-complete when n has the other parity.
KW - Popular matching
KW - Complexity
KW - Stable matching
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00453-020-00791-7
SN - 0178-4617
SN - 1432-0541
VL - 83
IS - 5
SP - 1493
EP - 1523
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Müller, Daniela
A1 - Neugebauer, Ina
A1 - Ben Dor, Yoav
A1 - Enzel, Yehouda
A1 - Schwab, Markus Julius
A1 - Tjallingii, Rik
A1 - Brauer, Achim
T1 - Phases of stability during major hydroclimate change ending the Last Glacial in the Levant
JF - Scientific reports
N2 - In-depth understanding of the reorganization of the hydrological cycle in response to global climate change is crucial in highly sensitive regions like the eastern Mediterranean, where water availability is a major factor for socioeconomic and political development.
The sediments of Lake Lisan provide a unique record of hydroclimatic change during the last glacial to Holocene transition (ca. 24-11 ka) with its tremendous water level drop of similar to 240 m that finally led to its transition into the present hypersaline water body-the Dead Sea.
Here we utilize high-resolution sedimentological analyses from the marginal terraces and deep lake to reconstruct an unprecedented seasonal record of the last millennia of Lake Lisan. Aragonite varve formation in intercalated intervals of our record demonstrates that a stepwise long-term lake level decline was interrupted by almost one millennium of rising or stable water level.
Even periods of pronounced water level drops indicated by gypsum deposition were interrupted by decades of positive water budgets.
Our results thus highlight that even during major climate change at the end of the last glacial, decadal to millennial periods of relatively stable or positive moisture supply occurred which could have been an important premise for human sedentism.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10217-9
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 12
IS - 1
PB - Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Chang, Der-Chen
A1 - Khalil, Sara
A1 - Schulze, Bert-Wolfgang
T1 - Analysis on regular corner spaces
JF - The journal of geometric analysis
N2 - We establish a new approach of treating elliptic boundary value problems (BVPs) on manifolds with boundary and regular corners, up to singularity order 2. Ellipticity and parametrices are obtained in terms of symbols taking values in algebras of BVPs on manifolds of corresponding lower singularity orders. Those refer to Boutet de Monvel's calculus of operators with the transmission property, see Boutet de Monvel (Acta Math 126:11-51, 1971) for the case of smooth boundary. On corner configuration operators act in spaces with multiple weights. We mainly study the case of upper left entries in the respective 2 x 2 operator block-matrices of such a calculus. Green operators in the sense of Boutet de Monvel (Acta Math 126:11-51, 1971) analogously appear in singular cases, and they are complemented by contributions of Mellin type. We formulate a result on ellipticity and the Fredholm property in weighted corner spaces, with parametrices of analogous kind.
KW - Boutet de Monvel's calculus
KW - Pseudo-differential operators
KW - Singular cones
KW - Mellin symbols with values in the edge calculus
KW - Parametrices of elliptic operators
KW - Kegel space
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-021-00614-3
SN - 1050-6926
SN - 1559-002X
VL - 31
IS - 9
SP - 9199
EP - 9240
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cohen, Denis
A1 - Krause, Werner
A1 - Abou-Chadi, Tarik
T1 - Comparative vote switching
BT - a new framework for studying dynamic multiparty competition
JF - The journal of politics
N2 - Large literatures focus on voter reactions to parties’ policy strategies, agency, or legislative performance. While many inquiries make explicit assumptions about the direction and magnitude of voter flows between parties, comparative empirical analyses of vote switching remain rare. In this article, we overcome three challenges that have previously impeded the comparative study of dynamic party competition based on voter flows: we present a novel conceptual framework for studying voter retention, defection, and attraction in multiparty systems, showcase a newly compiled data infrastructure that marries comparative vote switching data with information on party behavior and party systems in over 250 electoral contexts, and introduce a statistical model that renders our conceptual framework operable. These innovations enable first-time inquiries into the polyadic vote switching patterns underlying multiparty competition and unlock major research potentials on party competition and party system change.
KW - vote switching
KW - party competition
KW - multi-party systems
KW - data and methods
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1086/726952
SN - 0022-3816
SN - 1468-2508
VL - 86
IS - 2
SP - 597
EP - 607
PB - University of Chicago Press
CY - Chicago, IL
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Krause, Werner
A1 - Gahn, Christina
T1 - Should we include margins of error in public opinion polls?
JF - European journal of political research
N2 - Public opinion polls have become vital and increasingly visible parts of election campaigns. Previous research has frequently demonstrated that polls can influence both citizens' voting intentions and political parties' campaign strategies. However, they are also fraught with uncertainty. Margins of error can reflect (parts of) this uncertainty. This paper investigates how citizens' voting intentions change due to whether polling estimates are presented with or without margins of error.
Using a vignette experiment (N=3224), we examine this question based on a real-world example in which different election polls were shown to nationally representative respondents ahead of the 2021 federal election in Germany. We manipulated the display of the margins of error, the interpretation of polls and the closeness of the electoral race.
The results indicate that margins of error can influence citizens' voting intentions. This effect is dependent on the actual closeness of the race and additional interpretative guidance provided to voters. More concretely, the results consistently show that margins of error increase citizens' inclination to vote for one of the two largest contesting parties if the polling gap between these parties is small, and an interpretation underlines this closeness.
The findings of this study are important for three reasons. First, they help to determine whether margins of error can assist citizens in making more informed (strategic) vote decisions. They shed light on whether depicting opinion-poll uncertainty affects the key features of representative democracy, such as democratic accountability. Second, the results stress the responsibility of the media. The way polls are interpreted and contextualized influences the effect of margins of error on voting behaviour. Third, the findings of this paper underscore the significance of including methodological details when communicating scientific research findings to the broader public.
KW - elections
KW - vote choice
KW - public opinion polls
KW - margins of error
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6765.12633
SN - 0304-4130
SN - 1475-6765
VL - Early view
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Jagtiani, Sharinee L.
A1 - Wellek, Sophia
T1 - In the Shadow of Ukraine
BT - India's choices and challenges
JF - Survival
N2 - In 2022, India captured global attention over its response to the war in Ukraine. While calling for both parties' return to diplomacy, India abstained from several United Nations resolutions condemning Russian aggression. For a country that ostensibly subscribes to the values of democracy and territorial integrity, its response appeared frustrating and contradictory, but it is broadly consistent with its long-standing policy of non-alignment. Although India's relationship with China is increasingly contentious, New Delhi is not yet fully convinced that it is in India's interest to swing westwards. The country's relations with Russia and China are deep, complex and substantive. In addition to the military and economic benefits it derives from its connection with Russia, New Delhi and Moscow share an avowed preference for a more equal, multipolar world. India will eventually have to reflect on the extent to which it can sustain its balancing act.
KW - China
KW - Galwan Valley
KW - democracy
KW - India
KW - Jawaharlal Nehru
KW - non-alignment;
KW - Pakistan
KW - Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
KW - Quad
KW - Indo-Pacific
KW - Russia
KW - Ukraine war
KW - United Nations
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2022.2078045
SN - 126962024X
SN - 1468-2699
VL - 64
IS - 3
SP - 29
EP - 48
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - Abingdon
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Heinze, Christian
A1 - Steinrötter, Björn
T1 - §§ 327-327u
BT - Verträge über digitale Produkte
T3 - J. von Staudingers Kommentar zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch
KW - Vertrag über digitale Produkte
KW - Digitalgüterverkauf
KW - Staudinger BGB
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-3-8059-1341-6
VL - 2
PB - Otto Schmidt - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ET - Neubearbeitung 2023
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kurilovich, Aleksandr A.
A1 - Mantsevich, Vladimir N.
A1 - Mardoukhi, Yousof
A1 - Stevenson, Keith J.
A1 - Chechkin, Aleksei
A1 - Palyulin, Vladimir V.
T1 - Non-Markovian diffusion of excitons in layered perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides
JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies
N2 - The diffusion of excitons in perovskites and transition metal dichalcogenides shows clear anomalous, subdiffusive behaviour in experiments.
In this paper we develop a non-Markovian mobile-immobile model which provides an explanation of this behaviour through paired theoretical and simulation approaches.
The simulation model is based on a random walk on a 2D lattice with randomly distributed deep traps such that the trapping time distribution involves slowly decaying power-law asymptotics.
The theoretical model uses coupled diffusion and rate equations for free and trapped excitons, respectively, with an integral term responsible for trapping.
The model provides a good fitting of the experimental data, thus, showing a way for quantifying the exciton diffusion dynamics.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d2cp00557c
SN - 1463-9076
SN - 1463-9084
VL - 24
IS - 22
SP - 13941
EP - 13950
PB - Royal Society of Chemistry
CY - Cambridge
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Batzel, Katharina
A1 - Baum, Katharina
T1 - Exploring information flow on twitter: social network analysis on gender-specific sedicine
T2 - AMCIS Proceedings 2022
N2 - To date, sex and gender differences play only a minor role in medical research and practice, thereby putting individuals’ health at risk. Gender-specific medicine, or the practice of taking these differences into account when conducting research and treating patients so far is being discussed primarily by experts. With people increasingly using social media such as Twitter for sharing and searching for health-related information online, Twitter can potentially educate about gender-specific medicine. However, little is known about the information circulation and the structure of interactions on the Twitter network discussing this topic. Results of a network analysis show that the network exhibits a community-structure, with information exchange being limited and concentrated in silos. This indicates that there is untapped potential for acquiring new information by users through interacting with individuals outside their community. Public health officials may benefit from this insight and tailor online campaigns to enhance awareness on gender-specific medicine.
Y1 - 2022
SN - 978-1-958200-00-1
IS - 1548
PB - AIS
CY - Atlanta
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Bogumil, Jörg
A1 - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1 - Heuberger, Moritz
A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine
T1 - Bürgernahe Verwaltung digital? I-Kfz und digitaler Kombiantrag
BT - Elternleistung im Praxistest
T3 - FES Diskurs
Y1 - 2022
UR - https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/a-p-b/19351.pdf
SN - 978-3-98628-187-8
PB - Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
CY - Bonn
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Grischek, Max
A1 - Caprioglio, Pietro
A1 - Zhang, Jiahuan
A1 - Pena-Camargo, Francisco
A1 - Sveinbjornsson, Kari
A1 - Zu, Fengshuo
A1 - Menzel, Dorothee
A1 - Warby, Jonathan H.
A1 - Li, Jinzhao
A1 - Koch, Norbert
A1 - Unger, Eva
A1 - Korte, Lars
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1 - Albrecht, Steve
T1 - Efficiency Potential and Voltage Loss of Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
JF - Solar RRL
N2 - Inorganic perovskite solar cells show excellent thermal stability, but the reported power conversion efficiencies are still lower than for organic-inorganic perovskites. This is mainly caused by lower open-circuit voltages (V(OC)s). Herein, the reasons for the low V-OC in inorganic CsPbI2Br perovskite solar cells are investigated. Intensity-dependent photoluminescence measurements for different layer stacks reveal that n-i-p and p-i-n CsPbI2Br solar cells exhibit a strong mismatch between quasi-Fermi level splitting (QFLS) and V-OC. Specifically, the CsPbI2Br p-i-n perovskite solar cell has a QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch of 179 meV, compared with 11 meV for a reference cell with an organic-inorganic perovskite of similar bandgap. On the other hand, this study shows that the CsPbI2Br films with a bandgap of 1.9 eV have a very low defect density, resulting in an efficiency potential of 20.3% with a MeO-2PACz hole-transporting layer and 20.8% on compact TiO2. Using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, energy level misalignment is identified as a possible reason for the QFLS-e center dot V-OC mismatch and strategies for overcoming this V-OC limitation are discussed. This work highlights the need to control the interfacial energetics in inorganic perovskite solar cells, but also gives promise for high efficiencies once this issue is resolved.
KW - CsPbI2Br
KW - efficiency potentials
KW - inorganic perovskites
KW - photoluminescence
KW - solar cells
KW - voltage losses
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/solr.202200690
SN - 2367-198X
VL - 6
IS - 11
PB - Wiley-VCH
CY - Weinheim
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Cai, Gaochao
A1 - Tötzke, Christian
A1 - Kaestner, Anders
A1 - Ahmed, Mutez Ali
T1 - Quantification of root water uptake and redistribution using neutron imaging: a review and future directions
JF - The plant journal
N2 - Quantifying root water uptake is essential to understanding plant water use and responses to different environmental conditions. However, non-destructive measurement of water transport and related hydraulics in the soil-root system remains a challenge.
Neutron imaging, with its high sensitivity to hydrogen, has become an unparalleled tool to visualize and quantify root water uptake in vivo. In combination with isotopes (e.g., deuterated water) and a diffusion-convection model, root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution in root and soil can be quantified.
Here, we review recent advances in utilizing neutron imaging to visualize and quantify root water uptake, hydraulic redistribution in roots and soil, and root hydraulic properties of different plant species.
Under uniform soil moisture distributions, neutron radiographic studies have shown that water uptake was not uniform along the root and depended on both root type and age. For both tap (e.g., lupine [Lupinus albus L.]) and fibrous (e.g., maize [Zea mays L.]) root systems, water was mainly taken up through lateral roots. In mature maize, the location of water uptake shifted from seminal roots and their laterals to crown/nodal roots and their laterals.
Under non-uniform soil moisture distributions, part of the water taken up during the daytime maintained the growth of crown/nodal roots in the upper, drier soil layers. Ultra-fast neutron tomography provides new insights into 3D water movement in soil and roots. We discuss the limitations of using neutron imaging and propose future directions to utilize neutron imaging to advance our understanding of root water uptake and soil-root interactions.
KW - attenuation coefficient
KW - convection
KW - diffusion
KW - radiography
KW - root hydraulics
KW - root water uptake
KW - tomography
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15839
SN - 0960-7412
SN - 1365-313X
VL - 111
IS - 2
SP - 348
EP - 359
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine
ED - Klenk, Tanja
ED - Nullmeier, Frank
ED - Wewer, Göttrik
T1 - Digitalisierung und Automatisierung in der Sachbearbeitung
T2 - Handbuch Digitalisierung in Staat und Verwaltung
N2 - Die Nutzung von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnik (IKT), Fachverfahren und die Automatisierung von Prozessen verändern die Sachbearbeitung und Leistungserstellung in der Verwaltung und somit die Tätigkeiten, Arbeitsbedingungen und Personalstrukturen. Bei der Antragsbearbeitung und Bescheiderstellung in der Ordnungs- und Leistungsverwaltung erhält IKT nicht nur eine unterstützende, sondern zunehmend auch eine leitende oder entscheidende Rolle. Abhängig von der konkreten Ausgestaltung kann die fortschreitende Digitalisierung eine ganzheitliche Sachbearbeitung ermöglichen, aber auch einschränken. Insgesamt kann sie zu einer Neuordnung des Berufsfeldes öffentlicher Dienst führen.
KW - Sachbearbeitung
KW - Ordnungsverwaltung
KW - Leistungsverwaltung
KW - Automatisierung
KW - Entscheidungsunterstützung
KW - Künstliche Intelligenz
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-658-23669-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23669-4_89-1
N1 - Teil eines "Living reference work entry"
SP - 1
EP - 12
PB - Springer VS
CY - Wiesbaden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Marienfeldt, Justine
T1 - Does digital government hollow out the essence of street‐level bureaucracy?
BT - a systematic literature review of how digital tools’ foster curtailment, enablement and continuation of street‐level decision‐making
JF - Social policy & administration
N2 - The growing use of digital tools in policy implementation has altered the work of street-level bureaucrats who are granted substantial discretionary power in decision-making. Digital tools can constrain discretionary power, like the curtailment thesis proposed, or serve as action resources, like the enablement thesis suggested. This article assesses empirical evidence of the impact of digital tools on street-level work and decision-making in service-oriented and regulation-oriented organisations based on a systematic literature review and thematic qualitative content analysis of 36 empirical studies published until 2021. The findings demonstrate different effects with regard to the role of digital tools and the core tasks of the public administration, depending on political and managerial goals and consequent system design. Leading or decisive digital tools mostly curtail discretion, especially in service-oriented organisations. In contrast, an enhanced information base or recommendations for actions enable decision-making, in particular in regulation-oriented organisations. By showing how street-level bureaucrats actively try to resist the curtailing effects caused by rigid design to address individual circumstances, for instance by establishing ways of coping like rule bending or rule breaking, using personal resources or prioritising among clients, this study demonstrates the importance of the continuation thesis and the persistently crucial role of human judgement in policy implementation.
KW - continuation thesis
KW - curtailment thesis
KW - discretion
KW - enablement thesis
KW - street-level bureaucracy
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12991
SN - 0144-5596
SN - 1467-9515
SP - 1
EP - 25
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - GEN
A1 - Caesar, Levke
A1 - McCarthy, Gerard D.
A1 - Thornalley, David J. R.
A1 - Cahill, Niamh
A1 - Rahmstorf, Stefan
T1 - Reply to: Atlantic circulation change still uncertain
T2 - Nature geoscience
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-022-00897-3
SN - 1752-0894
SN - 1752-0908
VL - 15
IS - 3
SP - 168
EP - 170
PB - Nature Publ. Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1 - Juang, Linda P.
A1 - Moffitt, Ursula
A1 - Schachner, Maja K.
T1 - Critical consciousness socialization at school
BT - classroom climate, perceived societal islamophobia, and critical action among adolescents
JF - Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence
N2 - Schools are key contexts for the development of adolescents' critical consciousness. We explored how three dimensions of the classroom cultural diversity climate (critical consciousness, color-evasion, and multiculturalism) related to adolescents' critical reflection (i.e., perceived societal Islamophobia) and intended critical action (i.e., political activism). Our sample included adolescents experiencing high (second generation, Muslim, N = 237) versus low (non-immigrant descent, non-Muslim, N = 478) stigmatization in Germany. Multilevel analyses revealed that for both groups a critical consciousness climate, but not a color-evasive or a multicultural climate, was positively associated with perceived societal Islamophobia and intended critical action. Thus, to promote adolescents' critical consciousness, schools should go beyond emphasizing a common humanity and celebrating cultural diversity and include explicit discussions of social inequity.
KW - critical consciousness
KW - classroom cultural diversity climate
KW - Islamophobia
KW - adolescents
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12713
SN - 1050-8392
SN - 1532-7795
VL - 32
IS - 4
SP - 1452
EP - 1469
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Yen, Ming-Hsuan
A1 - von Specht, Sebastian
A1 - Lin, Yen-Yu
A1 - Cotton, Fabrice
A1 - Ma, Kuo-Fong
T1 - Within- and between-event variabilities of strong-velocity pulses of moderate earthquakes within dense seismic arrays
JF - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2 - Ground motion with strong-velocity pulses can cause significant damage to buildings and structures at certain periods; hence, knowing the period and velocity amplitude of such pulses is critical for earthquake structural engineering.
However, the physical factors relating the scaling of pulse periods with magnitude are poorly understood.
In this study, we investigate moderate but damaging earthquakes (M-w 6-7) and characterize ground- motion pulses using the method of Shahi and Baker (2014) while considering the potential static-offset effects.
We confirm that the within-event variability of the pulses is large. The identified pulses in this study are mostly from strike-slip-like earthquakes. We further perform simulations using the freq uency-wavenumber algorithm to investigate the causes of the variability of the pulse periods within and between events for moderate strike-slip earthquakes.
We test the effect of fault dips, and the impact of the asperity locations and sizes. The simulations reveal that the asperity properties have a high impact on the pulse periods and amplitudes at nearby stations.
Our results emphasize the importance of asperity characteristics, in addition to earthquake magnitudes for the occurrence and properties of pulses produced by the forward directivity effect.
We finally quantify and discuss within- and between-event variabilities of pulse properties at short distances.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120200376
SN - 0037-1106
SN - 1943-3573
VL - 112
IS - 1
SP - 361
EP - 380
PB - Seismological Society of America
CY - El Cerito, Calif.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lepri, Stefano
A1 - Pikovsky, Arkady
T1 - Phase-locking dynamics of heterogeneous oscillator arrays
JF - Chaos, solitons & fractals : applications in science and engineering ; an interdisciplinary journal of nonlinear science
N2 - We consider an array of nearest-neighbor coupled nonlinear autonomous oscillators with quenched ran-dom frequencies and purely conservative coupling. We show that global phase-locked states emerge in finite lattices and study numerically their destruction. Upon change of model parameters, such states are found to become unstable with the generation of localized periodic and chaotic oscillations. For weak nonlinear frequency dispersion, metastability occur akin to the case of almost-conservative systems. We also compare the results with the phase-approximation in which the amplitude dynamics is adiabatically eliminated.
KW - Ginzburg-Landau lattice
KW - Disorder
KW - Localized chaos
KW - Reactive coupling
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2021.111721
SN - 0960-0779
SN - 1873-2887
VL - 155
PB - Elsevier
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Stolpmann, Lydia
A1 - Mollenhauer, Gesine
A1 - Morgenstern, Anne
A1 - Hammes, Jens S.
A1 - Boike, Julia
A1 - Overduin, Pier Paul
A1 - Grosse, Guido
T1 - Origin and pathways of dissolved organic carbon in a small catchment in the Lena River Delta
JF - Frontiers in Earth Science
N2 - The Arctic is rich in aquatic systems and experiences rapid warming due to climate change. The accelerated warming causes permafrost thaw and the mobilization of organic carbon.
When dissolved organic carbon is mobilized, this DOC can be transported to aquatic systems and degraded in the water bodies and further downstream. Here, we analyze the influence of different landscape components on DOC concentrations and export in a small (6.45 km(2)) stream catchment in the Lena River Delta.
The catchment includes lakes and ponds, with the flow path from Pleistocene yedoma deposits across Holocene non-yedoma deposits to the river outlet. In addition to DOC concentrations, we use radiocarbon dating of DOC as well as stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes (delta O-18 and delta D) to assess the origin of DOC.
We find significantly higher DOC concentrations in the Pleistocene yedoma area of the catchment compared to the Holocene non-yedoma area with medians of 5 and 4.5 mg L-1 (p < 0.05), respectively. When yedoma thaw streams with high DOC concentration reach a large yedoma thermokarst lake, we observe an abrupt decrease in DOC concentration, which we attribute to dilution and lake processes such as mineralization. The DOC ages in the large thermokarst lake (between 3,428 and 3,637 C-14 y BP) can be attributed to a mixing of mobilized old yedoma and Holocene carbon.
Further downstream after the large thermokarst lake, we find progressively younger DOC ages in the stream water to its mouth, paired with decreasing DOC concentrations. This process could result from dilution with leaching water from Holocene deposits and/or emission of ancient yedoma carbon to the atmosphere. Our study shows that thermokarst lakes and ponds may act as DOC filters, predominantly by diluting incoming waters of higher DOC concentrations or by re-mineralizing DOC to CO2 and CH4.
Nevertheless, our results also confirm that the small catchment still contributes DOC on the order of 1.2 kg km(-2) per day from a permafrost landscape with ice-rich yedoma deposits to the Lena River.
KW - Arctic lakes
KW - ice complex
KW - yedoma
KW - thermokarst lakes
KW - DOC
KW - aquatic carbon cycle
KW - permafrost
KW - radiocarbon dating
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.759085
SN - 2296-6463
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Manna, Vincenzo
A1 - Zoccarato, Luca
A1 - Banchi, Elisa
A1 - Arnosti, Carol
A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1 - Celussi, Mauro
T1 - Linking lifestyle and foraging strategies of marine bacteria
BT - selfish behaviour of particle-attached bacteria in the northern Adriatic Sea
JF - Environmental microbiology reports
N2 - Microbe-mediated enzymatic hydrolysis of organic matter entails the production of hydrolysate, the recovery of which may be more or less efficient. The selfish uptake mechanism, recently discovered, allows microbes to hydrolyze polysaccharides and take up large oligomers, which are then degraded in the periplasmic space. By minimizing the hydrolysate loss, selfish behaviour may be profitable for free-living cells dwelling in a patchy substrate landscape. However, selfish uptake seems to be tailored to algal-derived polysaccharides, abundant in organic particles, suggesting that particle-attached microbes may use this strategy. We tracked selfish polysaccharides uptake in surface microbial communities of the northeastern Mediterranean Sea, linking the occurrence of this processing mode with microbial lifestyle. Additionally, we set up fluorescently labelled polysaccharides incubations supplying phytodetritus to investigate a 'pioneer' scenario for particle-attached microbes. Under both conditions, selfish behaviour was almost exclusively carried out by particle-attached microbes, suggesting that this mechanism may represent an advantage in the race for particle exploitation. Our findings shed light on the selfish potential of particle-attached microbes, suggesting multifaceted foraging strategies exerted by particle colonizers.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13059
SN - 1758-2229
VL - 14
IS - 4
SP - 549
EP - 558
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Ruppel, Samantha
A1 - Leib, Julia
T1 - Same but different
BT - the role of local leaders in the peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone
JF - Peacebuilding
N2 - The peace processes in Liberia and Sierra Leone share similar contexts and have an interrelated history. They are also often portrayed as successful cases of peacebuilding. This conclusion seems valid, as war has not returned, and political power was handed over peacefully; however, both cases differ with regard to the inclusiveness of the peace processes and the role of local leaders. This article aims to add to the critical peacebuilding debate by focusing on local perceptions about the position of local leaders in these two peace processes. We conducted a public opinion survey in five regions in Sierra Leone and Liberia and expert interviews with peacebuilding actors to examine changing perceptions about the roles of local leaders in both countries. This article speaks to the broader peacebuilding debate by highlighting the importance of including local voices in the peace process and by discussing challenges of inclusive peacebuilding.
KW - conflict management
KW - conflict resolution
KW - West Africa
KW - peacebuilding
KW - peace
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/21647259.2022.2027152
SN - 2164-7259
VL - 10
IS - 4
SP - 470
EP - 505
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Leib, Julia
T1 - How justice becomes part of the deal
BT - pre-conditions for the Inclusion of transitional justice provisions in peace agreements
JF - International journal of transitional justice
N2 - In which negotiation contexts are transitional justice provisions included in peace agreements? Today, many peace agreements include transitional justice provisions, but their inclusion differs based on conflict and negotiation characteristics. While context thus seems to be relevant for the choice of transitional justice provisions agreed on by the warring parties, very little is known about the context clusters that enable transitional justice. Using data on 58 full peace agreements signed between 1989 and 2018, a crisp-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) investigates the combinations of conflict intensity, rebel group strength, type of conflict, third-party support and civil society participation that led to the inclusion of transitional justice provisions. The result of this exploratory study suggests four context settings that are identified as being empirically relevant for the inclusion of transitional justice provisions. Choices of justice are thus the result of an overall negotiation environment characterized by multiple interrelated context factors.
KW - conflict resolution
KW - peace negotiations
KW - QCA
KW - reconciliation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijac015
SN - 1752-7716
SN - 1752-7724
VL - 16
IS - 3
SP - 439
EP - 457
PB - Oxford University Press
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte
T1 - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten
N2 - Wem wird geglaubt und wem nicht? Wessen Wissen wird weitergegeben und wessen nicht? Wer hat eine Stimme und wer nicht? Theorien der epistemischen Ungerechtigkeit befassen sich mit dem breiten Feld der ungerechten oder unfairen Behandlung, die mit Fragen des Wissens, Verstehens und Kommunizierens zusammenhängen, wie z.B. die Möglichkeit, vom Wissen oder von kommunikativen Praktiken ausgeschlossen zu werden oder zum Schweigen gebracht zu werden, aber auch Kontexte, in denen die Bedeutungen mancher systematisch verzerrt oder falsch gehört und falsch dargestellt werden, in denen manchen misstraut wird oder es an epistemischer Handlungsfähigkeit mangelt. In diesem Buch wird eine Übersicht über die breite Debatte epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit, epistemischer Unterdrückung und epistemischer Gewalt gegeben, in dem unterschiedliche Theorien, die sich auf der Schnittstelle von Gerechtigkeitstheorie und epistemischen Fragen befinden, systematisch und kritisch diskutiert sowie theoretische Vorgänger dieser Theorien beleuchtet werden.
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-11-075973-0
SN - 978-3-11-075997-6
SN - 978-3-11-075979-2
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110759792
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte
T1 - Von der Relevanz, den akademischen Elfenbeinturm zu verlassen
BT - neue feministische Literatur
JF - Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie
N2 - Reviewed Publications:
Garcia Manon. Wir werden nicht unterwürfig geboren. Wie das Patriarchat das Leben von Frauen bestimmt. Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2021, 235 S.
Hay Carol. Think like a Feminist. The Philosophy behind the Revolution. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2020, 222 S.
Manne Kate. Entitled. How Male Privilege Hurts Women. London: Allen Lane, 2020, 270 S.
Srinivasan Amia. The Right to Sex. London: Bloomsbury, 2021, 279 S.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/dzph-2022-0036
SN - 0012-1045
SN - 2192-1482
VL - 70
IS - 3
SP - 540
EP - 550
PB - De Gruyter
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Bloise, Jennifer
A1 - Ihle, Sebastian
ED - Hoiß, Christian
ED - Schluchter, Jan-René
T1 - Speziesismus in den (sozialen) Medien
BT - politikdidaktische Überlegungen zur medialen (Re-)präsentation von Tieren
T2 - Tiere - Medien - Bildung
Y1 - 2024
UR - https://www.kopaed.de/dateien/TMB2%20ebook.pdf
SN - 978-3-96848-108-1
SP - 15
EP - 31
PB - kopaed
CY - München
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Ihle, Sebastian
A1 - Carl, Kea
ED - Juchler, Ingo
T1 - Die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung im (Politik-) Unterricht
T2 - Beziehungsweisen von Mensch, Tier und Umwelt
N2 - Der vorliegende Beitrag, der sich weniger als Fachbeitrag, sondern vielmehr als Erfahrungsbericht aus der Praxis versteht, berichtet von unterschiedlichen Versuchen, die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung in den schulischen Kontext einzubringen und somit der unzureichenden Beachtung der Thematik entgegenzuwirken. Nachdem überblicksartig die Relevanz der Mensch-Tier-Thematik herausgestellt und auf diese Weise die Notwendigkeit einer unterrichtlichen Beschäftigung mit dem Verhältnis von Menschen und anderen Tieren begründet wird, wird zunächst von einem ersten Versuch berichtet, (angehende) Lehrkräfte im Rahmen eines Workshops am Studienseminar Potsdam für die Relevanz der Mensch-Tier-Thematik zu sensibilisieren sowie über eine mögliche Umsetzung in den verschiedenen Unterrichtsfächern zu informieren. Anschließend werden – exemplarisch für den Politikunterricht – zwei Unterrichtsstunden, die die Mensch-Tier-Beziehung auf verschiedene Weise in den Politikunterricht einbeziehen, sowie die im Rahmen der Durchführung gesammelten Erfahrungen vorgestellt.
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-658-42652-1
SN - 978-3-658-42653-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-42653-8_5
SP - 69
EP - 88
PB - Springer VS
CY - Wiesbaden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pham, Duong Tung
A1 - Quan, Ting
A1 - Mei, Shilin
A1 - Lu, Yan
T1 - Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles for high performance electrochemical energy storage systems
JF - Current opinion in green and sustainable chemistry
N2 - Transition metal sulfides have emerged as excellent replacement candidates of traditional insertion electrode materials based on their conversion or alloying mechanisms, facilitating high specific capacity and rate ability. However, parasitic reactions such as massive volume change during the discharge/ charge processes, intermediate polysulfide dissolution, and passivating solid electrolyte interface formation have led to poor cyclability, hindering their feasibility and applicability in energy storage systems. Colloidal metal sulfide nanoparticles, a special class that integrates the intrinsic chemical properties of metal sulfides and their specified structural features, have fairly enlarged their contribution due to the synergistic effect. This review highlights the latest synthetic approaches based on colloidal process. Their corresponding electrochemical outcomes will also be discussed, which are thoroughly updated along with their insight scientific standpoints.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100596
SN - 2452-2236
VL - 34
PB - Elsevier
CY - Amsterdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Minutillo, Serena A.
A1 - Ruano-Rosa, David
A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1 - Schena, Leonardo
A1 - Malacrino, Antonino
T1 - The fungal microbiome of wheat flour includes potential mycotoxin producers
JF - Foods
N2 - Consumers are increasingly demanding higher quality and safety standards for the products they consume, and one of this is wheat flour, the basis of a wide variety of processed products. This major component in the diet of many communities can be contaminated by microorganisms before the grain harvest, or during the grain storage right before processing. These microorganisms include several fungal species, many of which produce mycotoxins, secondary metabolites that can cause severe acute and chronic disorders. Yet, we still know little about the overall composition of fungal communities associated with wheat flour. In this study, we contribute to fill this gap by characterizing the fungal microbiome of different types of wheat flour using culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Qualitatively, these approaches suggested similar results, highlighting the presence of several fungal taxa able to produce mycotoxins. In-vitro isolation of fungal species suggest a higher frequency of Penicillium, while metabarcoding suggest a higher abundance of Alternaria. This discrepancy might reside on the targeted portion of the community (alive vs. overall) or in the specific features of each technique. Thus, this study shows that commercial wheat flour hosts a wide fungal diversity with several taxa potentially representing concerns for consumers, aspects that need more attention throughout the food production chain.
KW - Penicillium
KW - Alternaria
KW - post-harvest
KW - metabarcoding
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11050676
SN - 2304-8158
VL - 11
IS - 5
PB - MDPI
CY - Basel
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Reitenbach, Julija
A1 - Geiger, Christina
A1 - Wang, Peixi
A1 - Vagias, Apostolos N.
A1 - Cubitt, Robert
A1 - Schanzenbach, Dirk
A1 - Laschewsky, André
A1 - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1 - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
T1 - Effect of magnesium salts with chaotropic anions on the swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films
JF - Macromolecules : a publication of the American Chemical Society
N2 - Poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) (PNIPMAM) is a stimuli responsive polymer, which in thin film geometry exhibits a volume-phase transition upon temperature increase in water vapor. The swelling behavior of PNIPMAM thin films containing magnesium salts in water vapor is investigated in view of their potential application as nanodevices. Both the extent and the kinetics of the swelling ratio as well as the water content are probed with in situ time-of-flight neutron reflectometry. Additionally, in situ Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy provides information about the local solvation of the specific functional groups, while two-dimensional FTIR correlation analysis further elucidates the temporal sequence of solvation events. The addition of Mg(ClO4)2 or Mg(NO3)2 enhances the sensitivity of the polymer and therefore the responsiveness of switches and sensors based on PNIPMAM thin films. It is found that Mg(NO3)2 leads to a higher relative water uptake and therefore achieves the highest thickness gain in the swollen state.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02282
SN - 0024-9297
SN - 1520-5835
VL - 56
IS - 2
SP - 567
EP - 577
PB - American Chemical Society
CY - Washington
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
A1 - Schuppert, Fabian
T1 - Was ist Geschlechtergerechtigkeit?
T1 - What is gender-justice?
BT - eine nicht-ideale Annäherung
BT - a non-ideal approach
JF - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie
N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic zielt Serene Khader auf eine Neuausrichtung der feministischen Perspektive, welche es schafft, dekolonial und anti-imperialistisch zu sein, ohne gleichzeitig dem Universalismus komplett abzuschwören. Die Motivation hinter dieser Neuorientierung ist die Einsicht, dass der liberale moralische Universalismus oftmals kulturelle Vorherrschaft und Imperialismus verstärkt. In diesem Kommentar wollen wir (a) uns mit der Frage beschäftigen, was genau unter Geschlechtergerechtigkeit verstanden werden soll und welcher Maßstab zur Beantwortung der Frage nach Gerechtigkeit angebracht ist und (b) einige Ideen zum Unterschied zwischen idealer und nicht-idealer Theorie liefern.
N2 - In Decolonizing Universalism: A Transnational Feminist Ethic, Serene Khader aims to reorient the feminist perspective, which manages to be decolonial and anti-imperialist without completely renouncing universalism. The motivation behind this reorientation is the realization that liberal moral universalism often reinforces cultural domination and imperialism. In this commentary, we will (a) address the question of what exactly is meant by gender justice and what is the appropriate standard for answering the question of justice, and (b) provide some ideas about the difference between ideal and non-ideal theory.
KW - nicht-ideale Theorie
KW - Geschlechtergerechtigkeit
KW - feministische Philosophie
KW - Universalismus
KW - dekoloniale Theorie
KW - non-ideal theory
KW - gender-justice
KW - feminist philosophy
KW - universalism
KW - decolonial theory
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.13
SN - 2409-9961
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 315
EP - 328
PB - Universität Salzburg
CY - Salzburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Morris, Paul J.
A1 - Bohdan, Artem
A1 - Weidl, Martin S.
A1 - Tsirou, Michelle
A1 - Fulat, Karol
A1 - Pohl, Martin
T1 - Pre-acceleration in the electron foreshock. II. oblique whistler waves
JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2 - Thermal electrons have gyroradii many orders of magnitude smaller than the finite width of a shock, thus need to be pre-accelerated before they can cross it and be accelerated by diffusive shock acceleration. One region where pre-acceleration may occur is the inner foreshock, which upstream electrons must pass through before any potential downstream crossing. In this paper, we perform a large-scale particle-in-cell simulation that generates a single shock with parameters motivated from supernova remnants. Within the foreshock, reflected electrons excite the oblique whistler instability and produce electromagnetic whistler waves, which comove with the upstream flow and as nonlinear structures eventually reach radii of up to 5 ion-gyroradii. We show that the inner electromagnetic configuration of the whistlers evolves into complex nonlinear structures bound by a strong magnetic field around four times the upstream value. Although these nonlinear structures do not in general interact with cospatial upstream electrons, they resonate with electrons that have been reflected at the shock. We show that they can scatter, or even trap, reflected electrons, confining around 0.8% of the total upstream electron population to the region close to the shock where they can undergo substantial pre-acceleration. This acceleration process is similar to, yet approximately three times more efficient than, stochastic shock drift acceleration.
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acaec8
SN - 0004-637X
SN - 1538-4357
VL - 944
IS - 1
PB - Institute of Physics Publ.
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Lindenberger, Thomas
A1 - Sabrow, Martin
T1 - Zwischen Verinselung und Europäisierung
BT - die Zukunft der DDR-Geschichte
JF - Abgrenzung und Verflechtung : das geteilte Deutschland in der zeithistorischen Debatte
Y1 - 2008
SN - 978-3-940938-03-9
SP - 163
EP - 170
PB - Metropol
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Kellner, Marcel
A1 - Neuhoff, Knud
T1 - Ich schreibe halt so, wie ich's sehe...
BT - editorische Notizen zur Kriegsbriefsammlung des Landesvereins Balische Heimat
Y1 - 2014
SN - 978-3-7930-5117-6
SP - 13
EP - 16
PB - Rombach
CY - Freiburg, Br.
ER -
TY - BOOK
ED - Kellner, Marcel
ED - Neuhoff, Knud
T1 - Solange die Welt steht, ist soviel Blut nicht geflossen
BT - Feldpostbriefe badischer Soldaten aus dem Ersten Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918
T3 - Schriftenreihe der Badischen Heimat
N2 - Dieser Band der Schriftenreihe der Badischen Heimat will im Rahmen der Vielzahl von Publikationen, die in diesem Jahr an den Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges erinnern, einen besonderen Beitrag leisten. Gleichsam als „Geschichte von unten“ wirkend, gibt die vorliegende Sammlung der Feldpostbriefe einen gefilterten Eindruck in das Seelenleben der Kriegsgeneration wieder. Sie ist als Kollektion badischer Soldatenbriefe in dieser Form bisher einmalig und erweitert das Wahrnehmungsspektrum der scheinbar in weiter Ferne und dennoch so nah liegenden „Urkatastrophe“ um eine weitere wichtige Nuance.
Y1 - 2014
SN - 978-3-7930-5117-6
N1 - hrsg. vom Landesverein Badische Heimat e.V. und dem Landesverband Baden-Württemberg im Volksbund Deutsche Kriegsgräberfürsorge e.V. Ausgew., mitgeteilt und kommentiert von Marcel Kellner und Knud Neuhoff
VL - 9
PB - Freiburg, Br.
CY - Rombach
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
A1 - Haslanger, Sally
A1 - Kroeger, Odin
T1 - Analyzing social wrongs
JF - Journal of social philosophy
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/josp.12505
SN - 0047-2786
SN - 1467-9833
VL - 53
IS - 4
SP - 448
EP - 453
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken, NJ
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - Willful testimonial injustice as a form of epistemic injustice
JF - European journal of philosophy
N2 - In the debate on epistemic injustice, it is generally assumed that testimonial injustice as one form of epistemic injustice cannot be committed (fully) deliberately or intentionally because it involves unconscious identity prejudices. Drawing on the case of sexual violence against refugees in European refugee camps, this paper argues that there is a form of testimonial injustice—willful testimonial injustice—that is deliberate. To do so, the paper argues (a) that the hearer intentionally utilizes negative identity prejudices for a particular purpose and (b) that the hearer is aware of the fact that the intentionally used prejudices are in fact prejudices. Furthermore, the paper shows how testimonial injustice relates to recognition failures both in terms of a causal as well as a constitutive claim. In fact, introducing willful testimonial injustice can support the constitutive claim of such a relation that has so far received little attention. Besides arguing for a novel form of testimonial injustice and contributing to the recent debate on the relation between epistemic injustice and recognition failures, this paper is also motivated by the attempt to draw attention to the inhumane conditions for refugees at the border of Europe as well as elsewhere.
Y1 - 2024
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12928
SN - 0966-8373
SN - 1468-0378
SP - 1
EP - 19
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - (Moralisch) guter Sex
T1 - (Morally) good sex
BT - eine Kritik am Zustimmungsmodell
BT - a critique of the consent model
JF - Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie
N2 - In einem kürzlich erschienenen Artikel argumentiert Almut v. Wedelstaedt überzeugend, warum Zustimmung zwar „die Bedingung für die Legitimation von Sex“ ist (2020, 127), dass die moralische Güte von Sex aber nur dann einzuschätzen ist, wenn wir darauf achten, ob die Beteiligten der Handlung sich auf Augenhöhe begegnen. Die Idee ist: Es gibt legitime sexuelle Handlungen, die moralisch gut sind, und es gibt legitime sexuelle Handlungen, die moralisch besser sind. Hier möchte ich die Idee des besseren Sexes genauer ausloten. Während v. Wedelstaedt von moralisch gelungenem Sex spricht und somit auf der Ebene der moralischen Bewertung von Sex bleibt, möchte ich die Frage danach stellen, was Sex qualitativ gut macht. Tatsächlich wird in der Zustimmungsdebatte meist davon ausgegangen, dass diese zwei Fragen wenig gemeinsam haben; ob eine sexuelle Handlung legitim ist, hat zunächst nichts damit zu tun, ob diese auch gut ist. Ich werde drei Argumente liefern, warum wir legitimen Sex und qualitativ guten Sex zusammen betrachten sollten – und es wird sich zeigen, dass die gegenwärtige philosophische und rechtstheoretische Debatte Zustimmung verkürzt diskutiert und daher alleingenommen wenig hilfreich ist, stattdessen benötigt die Zustimmungsdebatte auch eine Untersuchung von qualitativ gutem Sex.
N2 - In a recent article, Almut v. Wedelstaedt argues convincingly why consent is “the condition for the legitimation of sex” (2020, 127; my translation), but that the moral goodness of sex can only be assessed if we pay attention to whether the participants in the act meet on an equal footing; the consent criterion, v. Wedelstaedt argues, must therefore be supplemented by another criterion, namely that of equal footing. The idea is: there are legitimate sexual acts that are morally good, and there are legitimate sexual acts that are morally better. Here I would like to explore the idea of better sex in more detail. While v. Wedelstaedt speaks of morally successful sex, and thus remains on the level of moral evaluation of sex, I would like to raise the question of what makes sex qualitatively good. Indeed, the consent debate usually assumes that these two questions have little in common; whether a sexual act is legitimate has nothing to do with whether it is good to begin with. I will provide three arguments why we should consider legitimate sex and qualitatively good sex together, and it will become apparent that the current philosophical and legal theory debate discusses consent in a truncated way, and therefore taken alone, is unhelpful; instead, the consent debate also needs an examination of qualitatively good sex.
KW - Sex
KW - Zustimmung
KW - sexuelle Handlungsfähigkeit
KW - sexistische Ideologie
KW - sexuelle Gewalt
KW - sex
KW - consent
KW - sexual agency
KW - sexist ideology
KW - sexual violence
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.2.2
SN - 2409-9961
VL - 9
IS - 2
SP - 49
EP - 78
PB - Universität Salzburg
CY - Salzburg
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Jahns, Esther
T1 - Diglossic translanguaging
BT - the multilingual repertoire of German-speaking Jews in Berlin
T2 - Language and Social Life [LSL]
N2 - This book examines how German-speaking Jews living in Berlin make sense and make use of their multilingual repertoire. With a focus on lexical variation, the book demonstrates how speakers integrate Yiddish and Hebrew elements into German for indexing belonging and for positioning themselves within the Jewish community. Linguistic choices are shaped by language ideologies (e.g., authenticity, prescriptivism, nostalgia). Speakers translanguage when using their multilingual repertoire, but do so in a diglossic way, using elements from different languages for specific domains
KW - Sprachideologie
KW - Jüdische Sprachen
KW - Wahrnehmungsdialektologie
KW - Mehrsprachigkeit
KW - Translanguaging
Y1 - 2024
SN - 978-3-11-132246-9
SN - 978-3-11-132267-4
VL - 33
PB - de Gruyter Mouton
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - Germany’s silence: testimonial injustice in the NSU investigation and willful ignorance in the NSU trial
JF - Constellations : an international journal of critical and democratic theory
Y1 - 2023
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12703
SN - 1351-0487
SN - 1467-8675
SP - 1
EP - 16
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Glückler, Ramesh
A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1 - Kruse, Stefan
A1 - Andreev, Andrei
A1 - Vyse, Stuart Andrew
A1 - Winkler, Bettina
A1 - Biskaborn, Boris
A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1 - Dietze, Elisabeth
T1 - Wildfire history of the boreal forest of south-western Yakutia (Siberia) over the last two millennia documented by a lake-sediment charcoal record
JF - Biogeosciences : BG / European Geosciences Union
N2 - Wildfires, as a key disturbance in forest ecosystems, are shaping the world's boreal landscapes. Changes in fire regimes are closely linked to a wide array of environmental factors, such as vegetation composition, climate change, and human activity. Arctic and boreal regions and, in particular, Siberian boreal forests are experiencing rising air and ground temperatures with the subsequent degradation of permafrost soils leading to shifts in tree cover and species composition. Compared to the boreal zones of North America or Europe, little is known about how such environmental changes might influence long-term fire regimes in Russia. The larch-dominated eastern Siberian deciduous boreal forests differ markedly from the composition of other boreal forests, yet data about past fire regimes remain sparse. Here, we present a high-resolution macroscopic charcoal record from lacustrine sediments of Lake Khamra (southwest Yakutia, Siberia) spanning the last ca. 2200 years, including information about charcoal particle sizes and morphotypes. Our results reveal a phase of increased charcoal accumulation between 600 and 900 CE, indicative of relatively high amounts of burnt biomass and high fire frequencies. This is followed by an almost 900-year-long period of low charcoal accumulation without significant peaks likely corresponding to cooler climate conditions. After 1750 CE fire frequencies and the relative amount of biomass burnt start to increase again, coinciding with a warming climate and increased anthropogenic land development after Russian colonization. In the 20th century, total charcoal accumulation decreases again to very low levels despite higher fire frequency, potentially reflecting a change in fire management strategies and/or a shift of the fire regime towards more frequent but smaller fires. A similar pattern for different charcoal morphotypes and comparison to a pollen and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) record from the same sediment core indicate that broad-scale changes in vegetation composition were probably not a major driver of recorded fire regime changes. Instead, the fire regime of the last two millennia at Lake Khamra seems to be controlled mainly by a combination of short-term climate variability and anthropogenic fire ignition and suppression.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4185-2021
SN - 1726-4170
SN - 1726-4189
VL - 18
IS - 13
SP - 4185
EP - 4209
PB - Copernicus
CY - Göttingen
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Breternitz, Joachim
A1 - Schorr, Susan
T1 - Halide perovskites
BT - structural systematisation and what we learn from it
T2 - Acta crystallographica / International Union of Crystallography. Section A, Foundations and advances
KW - halide perovskites
KW - semiconductors
KW - group-subgroup relations
KW - twinning
Y1 - 2021
SN - 2053-2733
SN - 1600-5724
SN - 1600-8596
SN - 0108-7673
SN - 0567-7394
VL - 77
IS - Suppl.
SP - C750
EP - C750
PB - Blackwell
CY - Oxford [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Molkenthin, Christian
A1 - Donner, Christian
A1 - Reich, Sebastian
A1 - Zöller, Gert
A1 - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1 - Holschneider, Matthias
A1 - Opper, Manfred
T1 - GP-ETAS: semiparametric Bayesian inference for the spatio-temporal epidemic type aftershock sequence model
JF - Statistics and Computing
N2 - The spatio-temporal epidemic type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model is widely used to describe the self-exciting nature of earthquake occurrences. While traditional inference methods provide only point estimates of the model parameters, we aim at a fully Bayesian treatment of model inference, allowing naturally to incorporate prior knowledge and uncertainty quantification of the resulting estimates. Therefore, we introduce a highly flexible, non-parametric representation for the spatially varying ETAS background intensity through a Gaussian process (GP) prior. Combined with classical triggering functions this results in a new model formulation, namely the GP-ETAS model. We enable tractable and efficient Gibbs sampling by deriving an augmented form of the GP-ETAS inference problem. This novel sampling approach allows us to assess the posterior model variables conditioned on observed earthquake catalogues, i.e., the spatial background intensity and the parameters of the triggering function. Empirical results on two synthetic data sets indicate that GP-ETAS outperforms standard models and thus demonstrate the predictive power for observed earthquake catalogues including uncertainty quantification for the estimated parameters. Finally, a case study for the l'Aquila region, Italy, with the devastating event on 6 April 2009, is presented.
KW - Self-exciting point process
KW - Hawkes process
KW - Spatio-temporal ETAS model
KW - Bayesian inference
KW - Sampling
KW - Earthquake modeling
KW - Gaussian process
KW - Data augmentation
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11222-022-10085-3
SN - 0960-3174
SN - 1573-1375
VL - 32
IS - 2
PB - Springer
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Courtin, Jérémy
A1 - Andreev, Andrei
A1 - Raschke, Elena
A1 - Bala, Sarah
A1 - Biskaborn, Boris
A1 - Liu, Sisi
A1 - Zimmermann, Heike
A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard
A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen R.
A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna
A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike
T1 - Vegetation changes in Southeastern Siberia during the late pleistocene and the holocene
JF - Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
N2 - Relationships between climate, species composition, and species richness are of particular importance for understanding how boreal ecosystems will respond to ongoing climate change. This study aims to reconstruct changes in terrestrial vegetation composition and taxa richness during the glacial Late Pleistocene and the interglacial Holocene in the sparsely studied southeastern Yakutia (Siberia) by using pollen and sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) records. Pollen and sedaDNA metabarcoding data using the trnL g and h markers were obtained from a sediment core from Lake Bolshoe Toko. Both proxies were used to reconstruct the vegetation composition, while metabarcoding data were also used to investigate changes in plant taxa richness. The combination of pollen and sedaDNA approaches allows a robust estimation of regional and local past terrestrial vegetation composition around Bolshoe Toko during the last similar to 35,000 years. Both proxies suggest that during the Late Pleistocene, southeastern Siberia was covered by open steppe-tundra dominated by graminoids and forbs with patches of shrubs, confirming that steppe-tundra extended far south in Siberia. Both proxies show disturbance at the transition between the Late Pleistocene and the Holocene suggesting a period with scarce vegetation, changes in the hydrochemical conditions in the lake, and in sedimentation rates. Both proxies document drastic changes in vegetation composition in the early Holocene with an increased number of trees and shrubs and the appearance of new tree taxa in the lake's vicinity. The sedaDNA method suggests that the Late Pleistocene steppe-tundra vegetation supported a higher number of terrestrial plant taxa than the forested Holocene. This could be explained, for example, by the "keystone herbivore" hypothesis, which suggests that Late Pleistocene megaherbivores were able to maintain a high plant diversity. This is discussed in the light of the data with the broadly accepted species-area hypothesis as steppe-tundra covered such an extensive area during the Late Pleistocene.
KW - last glacial
KW - Holocene
KW - Lake Bolshoe Toko
KW - paleoenvironments
KW - sedimentary ancient DNA
KW - metabarcoding
KW - trnL
KW - pollen
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.625096
SN - 2296-701X
VL - 9
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Solovyev, Nikolay
A1 - Drobyshev, Evgenii
A1 - Blume, Bastian
A1 - Michalke, Bernhard
T1 - Selenium at the neural barriers
BT - a review
JF - Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2 - Selenium (Se) is known to contribute to several vital physiological functions in mammals: antioxidant defense, fertility, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune response. Growing evidence indicates the crucial role of Se and Se-containing selenoproteins in the brain and brain function. As for the other essential trace elements, dietary Se needs to reach effective concentrations in the central nervous system (CNS) to exert its functions. To do so, Se-species have to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCB) of the choroid plexus. The main interface between the general circulation of the body and the CNS is the BBB. Endothelial cells of brain capillaries forming the so-called tight junctions are the primary anatomic units of the BBB, mainly responsible for barrier function. The current review focuses on Se transport to the brain, primarily including selenoprotein P/low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8, also known as apolipoprotein E receptor-2) dependent pathway, and supplementary transport routes of Se into the brain via low molecular weight Se-species. Additionally, the potential role of Se and selenoproteins in the BBB, BCB, and neurovascular unit (NVU) is discussed. Finally, the perspectives regarding investigating the role of Se and selenoproteins in the gut-brain axis are outlined.
KW - selenium
KW - selenoprotein P
KW - low molecular weight selenium species
KW - blood– cerebrospinal fluid barrier
KW - blood– brain barrier
KW - selenium transport
KW - brain-gut axis
KW - LRP8
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.630016
SN - 1662-453X
VL - 15
PB - Frontiers Media
CY - Lausanne
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Rodríguez Zuluaga, Juan
A1 - Stolle, Claudia
A1 - Yamazaki, Yosuke
A1 - Xiong, Chao
A1 - England, Scott L.
T1 - A synoptic-scale wavelike structure in the nighttime equatorial ionization anomaly
JF - Earth and Space Science : ESS
N2 - Both ground- and satellite-based airglow imaging have significantly contributed to understanding the low-latitude ionosphere, especially the morphology and dynamics of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA). The NASA Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission focuses on far-ultraviolet airglow images from a geostationary orbit at 47.5 degrees W. This region is of particular interest at low magnetic latitudes because of the high magnetic declination (i.e., about -20 degrees) and proximity of the South Atlantic magnetic anomaly. In this study, we characterize an exciting feature of the nighttime EIA using GOLD observations from October 5, 2018 to June 30, 2020. It consists of a wavelike structure of a few thousand kilometers seen as poleward and equatorward displacements of the EIA-crests. Initial analyses show that the synoptic-scale structure is symmetric about the dip equator and appears nearly stationary with time over the night. In quasi-dipole coordinates, maxima poleward displacements of the EIA-crests are seen at about +/- 12 degrees latitude and around 20 and 60 degrees longitude (i.e., in geographic longitude at the dip equator, about 53 degrees W and 14 degrees W). The wavelike structure presents typical zonal wavelengths of about 6.7 x 10(3) km and 3.3 x 10(3) km. The structure's occurrence and wavelength are highly variable on a day-to-day basis with no apparent dependence on geomagnetic activity. In addition, a cluster or quasi-periodic wave train of equatorial plasma depletions (EPDs) is often detected within the synoptic-scale structure. We further outline the difference in observing these EPDs from FUV images and in situ measurements during a GOLD and Swarm mission conjunction.
KW - equatorial ionization anomaly
KW - equatorial ionosphere
KW - equatorial plasma bubbles
KW - wave structure
KW - forcing from below
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EA001529
SN - 2333-5084
VL - 8
IS - 2
PB - American Geophysical Union
CY - Malden, Mass.
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Zhu, Zhennan
A1 - Tian, Hong
A1 - Kempka, Thomas
A1 - Jiang, Guosheng
A1 - Dou, Bin
A1 - Mei, Gang
T1 - Mechanical behaviors of granite after thermal treatment under loading and unloading conditions
JF - Natural resources research / sponsored by the International Association for Mathematical Geology
N2 - Understanding the mechanical behaviors of granite after thermal treatment under loading and unloading conditions is of utmost relevance to deep geothermal energy recovery. In the present study, a series of loading and unloading triaxial compression tests (20, 40 and 60 MPa) on granite specimens after exposure to different temperatures (20, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 degrees C) was carried out to quantify the combined effects of thermal treatment and loading/unloading stress conditions on granite strength and deformation. Changes in the microstructure of granite exposed to high temperatures were revealed by optical microscopy. The experimental results indicate that both, thermal treatment and loading/unloading stress conditions, degrade the mechanical behaviors and further decrease the carrying capacity of granite. The gradual degradation of the mechanical characteristics of granite after thermal treatment is mainly associated with the evolution of thermal micro-cracks based on optical microscopy observations. The unloading stress state induces the extension of tension cracks parallel to the axial direction, and thus, the mechanical properties are degraded. Temperatures above 400 degrees C have a more significant influence on the mechanical characteristics of granite than the unloading treatment, whereby 400 degrees C can be treated as a threshold temperature for the delineation of significant deterioration. This study is expected to support feasibility and risk assessments by means of providing data for analytical calculations and numerical simulations on granite exposed to high temperatures during geothermal energy extraction.
KW - Granite
KW - Thermal treatment
KW - Unloading
KW - Mechanical properties
KW - Micro-structure
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-021-09815-7
SN - 1520-7439
SN - 1573-8981
VL - 30
IS - 3
SP - 2733
EP - 2752
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - New York, NY [u.a.]
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Johanssen, Helen
A1 - Schoofs, Nikola
A1 - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1 - Bermpohl, Felix
A1 - Ülsmann, Dominik
A1 - Schulte-Herbrüggen, Olaf
A1 - Priebe, Kathlen
T1 - Negative posttraumatic cognitions color the pathway from event centrality to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
JF - Cognitive therapy and research
N2 - Background
The centrality of an event indicates the extent to which it becomes a core part of identity and life story. Event centrality (EC) has been shown to have a strong relationship with PTSD symptoms, which seems to be indirectly influenced by negative posttraumatic cognitions (PTC). However, research on this potential mediation and its causal links particularly with clinical samples is limited and essential to derive treatment implications.
Methods
Pre- and posttreatment data of 103 day-unit patients with PTSD was examined using mediation analyses and structural equation modeling.
Results
Negative PTC mediated the relationship between EC and PTSD symptoms, partially pre- and completely posttreatment. Within extended longitudinal analyses causal directions of the mediation pathways were not adequately interpretable due to unexpected suppression effects.
Conclusions
The results suggest that EC may only have an indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through negative PTC. Thus, decreasing negative PTC which are connected to centralized events might be a key element for PTSD treatment. Thereby, transforming the cognitions' valence to more positive and constructive forms could be crucial rather than mere decentralization. Although suppression effects limited causal inferences, they do not contradict the mediation and further indicate potential interactional terms and a transformation of EC.
KW - Event centrality
KW - PTSD
KW - Posttraumatic cognitions
KW - Valence
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-021-10266-w
SN - 0147-5916
SN - 1573-2819
VL - 46
IS - 2
SP - 333
EP - 342
PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V.
CY - Dordrecht
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Bandyopadhyay, Soumyadip
A1 - Sarkar, Dipankar
A1 - Mandal, Chittaranjan
A1 - Giese, Holger
T1 - Translation validation of coloured Petri net models of programs on integers
JF - Acta informatica
N2 - Programs are often subjected to significant optimizing and parallelizing transformations based on extensive dependence analysis. Formal validation of such transformations needs modelling paradigms which can capture both control and data dependences in the program vividly. Being value-based with an inherent scope of capturing parallelism, the untimed coloured Petri net (CPN) models, reported in the literature, fit the bill well; accordingly, they are likely to be more convenient as the intermediate representations (IRs) of both the source and the transformed codes for translation validation than strictly sequential variable-based IRs like sequential control flow graphs (CFGs). In this work, an efficient path-based equivalence checking method for CPN models of programs on integers is presented. Extensive experimentation has been carried out on several sequential and parallel examples. Complexity and correctness issues have been treated rigorously for the method.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00236-022-00419-z
SN - 0001-5903
SN - 1432-0525
VL - 59
IS - 6
SP - 725
EP - 759
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - The intricacies of ideology and ignorance
BT - a reply to Mason
JF - Social epistemology review & reply collective : SERRC
Y1 - 2021
UR - https://wp.me/p1Bfg0-62M
SN - 2471-9560
VL - 10
IS - 7
SP - 58
EP - 62
PB - Social epistemology review & reply collective
CY - [Erscheinungsort nicht ermittelbar]
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED - Schweiger, Gottfried
T1 - Epistemic injustice and recognition theory: what we owe to refugees
T2 - Migration, recognition and critical theory
N2 - This paper starts from the premise that Western states are connected to some of the harms refugees suffer from. It specifically focuses on the harm of acts of misrecognition and its relation to epistemic injustice that refugees suffer from in refugee camps, in detention centers, and during their desperate attempts to find refuge. The paper discusses the relation between hermeneutical injustice and acts of misrecognition, showing that these two phenomena are interconnected and that acts of misrecognition are particularly damaging when (a) they stretch over different contexts, leaving us without or with very few safe spaces, and (b) they dislocate us, leaving us without a community to turn to. The paper then considers the ways in which refugees experience acts of misrecognition and suffer from hermeneutical injustice, using the case of unaccompanied children at the well-known and overcrowded camp Moria in Greece, the case of unsafe detention centers in Libya, and the case of the denial to assistance on the Mediterranean and the resulting pushbacks from international waters to Libya as well as the preventable drowning of refugees in the Mediterranean to illustrate the arguments. Finally, the paper argues for specific duties toward refugees that result from the prior arguments on misrecognition and hermeneutical injustice.
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-72731-4
SN - 978-3-030-72732-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72732-1_12
VL - 21
SP - 257
EP - 282
PB - Springer
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - RPRT
A1 - Kritikos, Alexander
A1 - Maliranta, Mika
A1 - Nippala, Veera
A1 - Nurmi, Satu
T1 - Does gender of firm ownership matter?
BT - Female entrepreneurs and the gender pay gap
T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2 - We examine how the gender of business-owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is – starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12 percent - two to three percentage-points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role for the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses in male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10 percent also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others – firm managers – determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.
T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 76
KW - entrepreneurship
KW - gender pay gap
KW - discrimination
KW - linked employer-employee data
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-636194
SN - 2628-653X
IS - 76
SP - 1
EP - 39
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes
T1 - Touching at a Distance
BT - Shakespeare's Theatre
T3 - Edinburgh Critical Studies in Shakespeare and Philosophy : ECSSP
N2 - Studies the capacity of Shakespeare’s plays to touch and think about touchBased on plays from all major genres: Hamlet, The Tempest, Richard III, Much Ado About Nothing and Troilus and CressidaCentres on creative, close readings of Shakespeare’s plays, which aim to generate critical impulses for the 21st century readerBrings Shakespeare Studies into touch with philosophers and theoreticians from a range of disciplinary areas – continental philosophy, literary criticism, psychoanalysis, sociology, phenomenology, law, linguistics: Friedrich Nietzsche, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Lacan, Luce Irigaray, Jacques Derrida, Roland Barthes, Niklas Luhmann, Hans Blumenberg, Carl Schmitt, J. L. AustinTheatre has a remarkable capacity: it touches from a distance. The audience is affected, despite their physical separation from the stage. The spectators are moved, even though the fictional world presented to them will never come into direct touch with their real lives. Shakespeare is clearly one of the master practitioners of theatrical touch. As the study shows, his exceptional dramaturgic talent is intrinsically connected with being one of the great thinkers of touch. His plays fathom the complexity and power of a fascinating notion – touch as a productive proximity that is characterised by unbridgeable distance – which philosophers like Friedrich Nietzsche, Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, Luce Irigaray and Jean-Luc Nancy have written about, centuries later. By playing with touch and its metatheatrical implications, Shakespeare raises questions that make his theatrical art point towards modernity: how are communities to form when traditional institutions begin to crumble? What happens to selfhood when time speeds up, when oneness and timeless truth can no longer serve as reliable foundations? What is the role and the capacity of language in a world that has lost its seemingly unshakeable belief and trust in meaning? How are we to conceive of the unthinkable extremes of human existence – birth and death – when the religious orthodoxy slowly ceases to give satisfactory explanations? Shakespeare’s theatre not only prompts these questions, but provides us with answers. They are all related to touch, and they are all theatrical at their core: they are argued and performed by the striking experience of theatre’s capacities to touch – at a distance
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-1-4744-9784-8
SN - 978-1-4744-9785-5
SN - 978-1-4744-9782-4
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/9781474497848
PB - Edinburgh University Press
CY - Edinburgh
ER -
TY - BOOK
A1 - Franz, Norbert P.
T1 - Der russische Krimi
BT - Buch und Film ; Von Škljarevskij bis Akunin
N2 - Die erste umfassende Darstellung des Kriminalgenres in Russland. Sie geht auf Bücher und Filme ein und berücksichtigt die Debatten der Literaturkritik, da sich die Kulturpolitik während der sowjetischen Jahrzehnte schwer damit tat, dem Kriminalgenre überhaupt ein Existenzrecht zubilligen. Sympathie für die Miliz zu erzeugen wurde schließlich offizieller Zweck dieses politisch zu einer Nischenexistenz gedrängten Genres. Entsprechend liegt ein Akzent der Studie auf der Ideologie, besonders bei der Darstellung der Helden und ihrer Gegner und der Lebenswelt, die die Leser als ihre wiedererkennen sollten. Dabei erfahren sie eine Menge über die Gesellschaft, vor allem über deren sonst eher verschwiegene Schattenseiten.
Nicht zuletzt wegen der langen Entbehrung spannender Texte wurde der Krimi nach dem Ende des Sozialismus zu dem Bestsellergenre schlechthin. Am Bespiel des Frauenkrimis (Marinina und Nachfolgerinnen) und des postmodernen Krimis (Akunin) wird die postsowjetische Entwicklung bis in die 2010er Jahre gezeigt.
N2 - Первое объемное исследование детективного жанра в России. В нем анализируются книги и фильмы, учитываются дебаты в литературной критике, поскольку культурная политика в советские десятилетия не давала криминальному жанру полные права на существование. Создание положительного и привлекательного образа милиции стало в итоге официальной задачей этого жанра, который политически был вынужден существовать в определенной нише. Соответственно в исследовании значительное внимание уделяется идеологии, особенно в изображении героев и их противников, а также их жизненной среды, с которой должен был познакомиться читатель. В процессе чтения он узнает много нового об обществе, особенно о его темной стороне, которую принято было по идеологическим причинам замалчивать.
В годы горбачевской перестройки и гласности детективный роман постепенно стал жанром бестселлера par excellence. Постсоветское развитие вплоть до 2010-х годов показано на примере женского детектива (Маринина и ее преемницы) и постмодернистского криминального романа (Акунин).
N2 - Der russische Krimi presents the first comprehensive account of crime fiction in Russia. It offers detailed discussions of books and movies and also of the broader critical literary debates, as cultural policy during the Soviet decades would not easily grant the crime genre any right to exist. Instead, generating sympathy for the security apparatus eventually became the official purpose of this genre, which was politically relegated to a niche existence. Accordingly, the study places particular emphasis on ideology, especially in the portrayal of the heroes and their opponents and a fictional reality that the reader should nonetheless recognize as his own. In this process, he learns a lot about the darker sides of society that are otherwise mostly kept secret. Not least because of the long-time scarcity of exciting texts, after the end of socialism crime fiction became the bestseller genre par excellence. These post-Soviet developments up to the 2010s are shown using the example of the women's crime novel (Marinina and her successors) and the postmodern crime novel (Akunin).
KW - Russische Kulturgeschichte
KW - Kriminalliteratur
KW - Russische Popularkultur
KW - Sozialistischer Realismus
KW - Frauenkrimi
KW - postmoderner Krimi
KW - Kriminalfilm
KW - Aleksandr Škljarevskij (1837-1883)
KW - Arkadij Adamov (1920-1991)
KW - Arkadij Vajner (1931-2005)
KW - Georgij Vajner (1938-2009)
KW - Aleksandra Marinina (*1957)
KW - Boris Akunin (*1956)
KW - история русской культуры
KW - русская популярная культура
KW - детективный жанр
KW - социалистический реализм
KW - женский детектив
KW - постмодернистский детектив
KW - Russian cultural history
KW - Crime fiction
KW - Russian popular culture
KW - Socialist realism
KW - women’s crime fiction
KW - postmodern crime fiction
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615591
SN - 978-3-86956-573-6
PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY - Potsdam
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Fischer, Caroline
A1 - Heuberger, Moritz
A1 - Heine, Moreen
T1 - The impact of digitalization in the public sector
BT - a systematic literature review
JF - Der moderne Staat
N2 - The digitalization of public administration is increasingly moving forward. This systematic literature review analyzes empirical studies that explore the impacts of digitalization projects (n=93) in the public sector. Bibliometrically, only a few authors have published several times on this topic so far. Most studies focusing on impact come from the US or China, and are related to Computer Science. In terms of content, the majority of examined articles studies services to citizens, and therefore consider them when measuring impact. A classification of the investigated effects by dimensions of public value shows that the analysis of utilitarian-instrumental values, such as efficiency or performance, is prevalent. More interdisciplinary cooperation is needed to research the impact of digitalization in the public sector. The different dimensions of impact should be linked more closely. In addition, research should focus more on the effects of digitalization within administration.
KW - digital transformation
KW - e-government
KW - impact evaluation
KW - public value
KW - public values
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3224/dms.v14i1.13
SN - 1865-7192
SN - 2196-1395
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 3
EP - 23
PB - Barbara Budrich
CY - Leverkusen-Opladen
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Heuberger, Moritz
A1 - Schwab, Christian
ED - Bergström, Tomas
ED - Franzke, Jochen
ED - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED - Wayenberg, Ellen
T1 - Challenges of digital service provision for local governments from the citizens’ view
BT - comparing citizens’ expectations and their experiences of digital service provision
T2 - The future of local self-government
Y1 - 2021
SN - 978-3-030-56058-4
SN - 978-3-030-56059-1
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56059-1_9
SP - 115
EP - 130
PB - Palgrave Macmillan
CY - Cham
ER -
TY - THES
A1 - Aue, Lars
T1 - Cyclone impacts on sea ice in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean
T1 - Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf das Meereis im Atlantischen Arktischen Ozean
N2 - The Arctic is the hot spot of the ongoing, global climate change. Over the last decades, near-surface temperatures in the Arctic have been rising almost four times faster than on global average. This amplified warming of the Arctic and the associated rapid changes of its environment are largely influenced by interactions between individual components of the Arctic climate system. On daily to weekly time scales, storms can have major impacts on the Arctic sea-ice cover and are thus an important part of these interactions within the Arctic climate. The sea-ice impacts of storms are related to high wind speeds, which enhance the drift and deformation of sea ice, as well as to changes in the surface energy budget in association with air mass advection, which impact the seasonal sea-ice growth and melt.
The occurrence of storms in the Arctic is typically associated with the passage of transient cyclones. Even though the above described mechanisms how storms/cyclones impact the Arctic sea ice are in principal known, there is a lack of statistical quantification of these effects. In accordance with that, the overarching objective of this thesis is to statistically quantify cyclone impacts on sea-ice concentration (SIC) in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean over the last four decades. In order to further advance the understanding of the related mechanisms, an additional objective is to separate dynamic and thermodynamic cyclone impacts on sea ice and assess their relative importance. Finally, this thesis aims to quantify recent changes in cyclone impacts on SIC. These research objectives are tackled utilizing various data sets, including atmospheric and oceanic reanalysis data as well as a coupled model simulation and a cyclone tracking algorithm.
Results from this thesis demonstrate that cyclones are significantly impacting SIC in the Atlantic Arctic Ocean from autumn to spring, while there are mostly no significant impacts in summer. The strength and the sign (SIC decreasing or SIC increasing) of the cyclone impacts strongly depends on the considered daily time scale and the region of the Atlantic Arctic Ocean. Specifically, an initial decrease in SIC (day -3 to day 0 relative to the cyclone) is found in the Greenland, Barents and Kara Seas, while SIC increases following cyclones (day 0 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) are mostly limited to the Barents and Kara Seas.
For the cold season, this results in a pronounced regional difference between overall (day -3 to day 5 relative to the cyclone) SIC-decreasing cyclone impacts in the Greenland Sea and overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in the Barents and Kara Seas. A cyclone case study based on a coupled model simulation indicates that both dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms contribute to cyclone impacts on sea ice in winter. A typical pattern consisting of an initial dominance of dynamic sea-ice changes followed by enhanced thermodynamic ice growth after the cyclone passage was found. This enhanced ice growth after the cyclone passage most likely also explains the (statistical) overall SIC-increasing effects of cyclones in the Barents and Kara Seas in the cold season.
Significant changes in cyclone impacts on SIC over the last four decades have emerged throughout the year. These recent changes are strongly varying from region to region and month to month. The strongest trends in cyclone impacts on SIC are found in autumn in the Barents and Kara Seas. Here, the magnitude of destructive cyclone impacts on SIC has approximately doubled over the last four decades. The SIC-increasing effects following the cyclone passage have particularly weakened in the Barents Sea in autumn. As a consequence, previously existing overall SIC-increasing cyclone impacts in this region in autumn have recently disappeared. Generally, results from this thesis show that changes in the state of the sea-ice cover (decrease in mean sea-ice concentration and thickness) and near-surface air temperature are most important for changed cyclone impacts on SIC, while changes in cyclone properties (i.e. intensity) do not play a significant role.
N2 - Die Arktis ist der Hotspot des globalen Klimawandels. In den letzten Jahrzehnten sind die oberflächennahen Temperaturen in der Arktis fast viermal so schnell gestiegen wie im globalen Durchschnitt. Diese verstärkte Erwärmung der Arktis und die damit verbundenen raschen Umweltveränderungen werden u.a. durch Wechselwirkungen zwischen den einzelnen Komponenten des arktischen Klimasystems angetrieben. Auf täglichen bis wöchentlichen Zeitskalen können Stürme große Einflüsse auf das arktische Meereis haben und sind somit ein wichtiger Teil dieser Wechselwirkungen innerhalb des arktischen Klimas. Der Einfluss der Stürme auf das Meereis resultiert aus den hohen Windgeschwindigkeiten, welche die Drift und Verformung des Meereises verstärken, sowie aus Änderungen in der Oberflächenenergiebilanz im Zusammenhang mit der Advektion von Luftmassen, was das Wachstum und Schmelzen des Meereises beeinflusst.
Das Auftreten von Stürmen in der Arktis ist oft mit dem Durchzug von Zyklonen verbunden. Obwohl die oben beschriebenen Mechanismen, wie sich Stürme/Zyklone auf das arktische Meereis auswirken, im Prinzip bekannt sind, fehlt es an einer statistischen Quantifizierung dieser Effekte. Dementsprechend ist das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Arbeit eine statistische Quantifizierung der Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf die Meereiskonzentration (engl. Sea Ice Concentration, SIC) im atlantischen Arktischen Ozeans über die letzten vier Jahrzehnte. Um ein Verständnis für die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen zu erlangen, besteht ein weiteres Ziel darin, die dynamischen und thermodynamischen Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf das Meereis zu trennen und ihre relative Bedeutung zu analysieren. Zuletzt zielt diese Arbeit darauf ab, aktuelle Veränderungen der Zykloneneinflüsse auf das Meereis zu quantifizieren. Zum Erreichen dieser Forschungsziele werden verschiedene Datensätze genutzt, darunter atmosphärische und ozeanische Reanalysedaten sowie eine gekoppelte Modellsimulation und ein Algorithmus zur automatischen Identifikation von Zyklonen.
Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass Zyklone die SIC im atlantischen Arktischen Ozean von Herbst bis Frühjahr signifikant beeinflussen, während es im Sommer meist keine signifikanten Auswirkungen gibt. Die Stärke und das Vorzeichen (abnehmende oder zunehmende SIC) der Auswirkungen der Zyklone hängt stark von der betrachteten täglichen Zeitskala und der Region des Arktischen Ozeans ab. So ist ein anfänglicher Rückgang der SIC (Tag -3 bis Tag 0 relativ zum Zyklonendurchgang) in der Grönland-, der Barents- und der Karasee festzustellen, während ein SIC-Anstieg nach dem Zyklonendurchgang (Tag 0 bis Tag 5 relativ zum Zyklonendurchgang) hauptsächlich auf die Barents- und die Karasee beschränkt ist.
Für die kalte Jahreszeit ergibt sich daraus ein ausgeprägter regionaler Unterschied zwischen insgesamt (Tag -3 bis Tag 5 relativ zum Zyklon) SIC-verringernden Zyklonenauswirkungen in der Grönlandsee und insgesamt SIC-erhöhenden Zyklonenauswirkungen in der Barents- und Karasee. Die Analyse spezifischer Zyklonenfälle basierend auf einer gekoppelten Modellsimulation zeigt, dass sowohl dynamische als auch thermodynamische Mechanismen zu den Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf das Meereis im Winter beitragen. Hierbei wurde ein typisches Muster bestehend aus einer anfänglichen Dominanz dynamischer Meereisveränderungen gefolgt von verstärktem thermodynamischem Eiswachstum nach der Zyklonenpassage gefunden. Dieses verstärkte Eiswachstum nach der Zyklonenpassage erklärt u.a. auch die (statistischen) insgesamt SIC-erhöhenden Effekte von Zyklonen in der Barents- und Karasee im Winter.
Signifikante Änderungen in den Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf die SIC über die letzten vier Dekaden sind das ganze Jahr über zu finden. Diese Veränderungen variieren stark von Region zu Region und von Monat zu Monat. Die stärksten Trends in den Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf die SIC sind im Herbst in der Barents- und Karasee zu beobachten. Hier hat sich die Stärke der zerstörerischen Auswirkungen von Zyklonen auf die SIC in den letzten vier Jahrzehnten ungefähr verdoppelt. Die SIC-erhöhenden Effekte nach der Zyklonenpassage haben sich in der Barentssee im Herbst besonders abgeschwächt. Dadurch sind zuvor existierende, insgesamt SIC-erhöhende Zyklonenauswirkungen in dieser Region und Jahreszeit zuletzt verschwunden. Generell zeigen die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit, dass Änderungen im Zustand des Meereises (Abnahme der mittleren Meereiskonzentration und -dicke) sowie in der Lufttemperatur die veränderten Auswirkungen der Zyklonen auf die SIC antreiben, während Veränderungen in den Eigenschaften der Zyklonen (z.B. ihre Intensität) keine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
KW - Arctic
KW - atmosphere
KW - sea ice
KW - cyclones
KW - meteorology
KW - Arktis
KW - Atmosphäre
KW - Meereis
KW - Zyklone
KW - Meteorologie
Y1 - 2024
U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-634458
SP - VIII, 131
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wolf, Sebastian G.
A1 - Huismans, Ritske S.
A1 - Braun, Jean
A1 - Yuan, Xiaoping
T1 - Topography of mountain belts controlled by rheology and surface processes
JF - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
N2 - It is widely recognized that collisional mountain belt topography is generated by crustal thickening and lowered by river bedrock erosion, linking climate and tectonics(1-4). However, whether surface processes or lithospheric strength control mountain belt height, shape and longevity remains uncertain. Additionally, how to reconcile high erosion rates in some active orogens with long-term survival of mountain belts for hundreds of millions of years remains enigmatic. Here we investigate mountain belt growth and decay using a new coupled surface process(5,6) and mantle-scale tectonic model(7). End-member models and the new non-dimensional Beaumont number, Bm, quantify how surface processes and tectonics control the topographic evolution of mountain belts, and enable the definition of three end-member types of growing orogens: type 1, non-steady state, strength controlled (Bm > 0.5); type 2, flux steady state(8), strength controlled (Bm approximate to 0.4-0.5); and type 3, flux steady state, erosion controlled (Bm < 0.4). Our results indicate that tectonics dominate in Himalaya-Tibet and the Central Andes (both type 1), efficient surface processes balance high convergence rates in Taiwan (probably type 2) and surface processes dominate in the Southern Alps of New Zealand (type 3). Orogenic decay is determined by erosional efficiency and can be subdivided into two phases with variable isostatic rebound characteristics and associated timescales. The results presented here provide a unified framework explaining how surface processes and lithospheric strength control the height, shape, and longevity of mountain belts.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04700-6
SN - 0028-0836
SN - 1476-4687
VL - 606
IS - 7914
SP - 516
EP - 521
PB - Nature portfolio
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED - Loh, Janina
ED - Grote, Thomas
T1 - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten zwischen Medizin und Technik
BT - neue Möglichkeiten oder neue Probleme?
T2 - Medizin – Technik – Ethik
N2 - Nicht erst seit Covid-19 sind die Wissens- und Kommunikationslücken sowie die Hierarchie zwischen Ärzt*innen und Patient*innen offensichtlich. Zusätzlich befinden sich kranke Menschen sowohl aufgrund ihrer Krankheit als auch aufgrund ihrer Abhängigkeit vom Gesundheitswesen in einer besonders verletzlichen Lage; Patient*innen sind ein paradigmatisches Beispiel für fragile epistemische Subjekte. Im vorliegenden Text wird zunächst skizziert inwieweit Patient*innen fragile epistemische Subjekte sind und welche Formen testimonialer und hermeneutischer Ungerechtigkeit im Gesundheitswesen besonders zum Tragen kommen. Danach wird ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Idee gelegt, dass sogenannte „pathozentrische epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten“ durch bestimmte theoretische Vorstellungen von Gesundheit untermauert und reproduziert werden. Hierbei soll schlussendlich untersucht werden, inwieweit dieses Problem durch technische Mittel in der Medizin verstärkt oder geschwächt werden kann; so reproduzieren Algorithmen beispielsweise die vorhandenen Vorstellungen und Praktiken.
KW - epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW - pathozentrische epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW - fragile epistemische Subjekte
KW - Medizintechnik
KW - Gesundheit
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-3-662-65867-3
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65868-0_5
VL - 5
SP - 87
EP - 106
PB - J.B. Metzler
CY - Berlin
ER -
TY - CHAP
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
ED - Schleidgen, Sebastian
ED - Friedrich, Orsolya
ED - Wolkenstein, Andreas
T1 - Behinderung als soziale Kategorie im Kontext epistemischer Ungerechtigkeiten, Ignoranz und Abhängigkeit
T2 - Bedeutung und Implikationen epistemischer Ungerechtigkeit
Y1 - 2023
SN - 978-3-8288-4660-9
SN - 978-3-8288-7736-8
U6 - https://doi.org/10.5771/9783828877368-153
SP - 153
EP - 182
PB - Tectum
CY - Baden-Baden
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - Potentially disabled?
JF - Inquiry
N2 - Ten years ago, I was diagnosed with a rare illness called Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia Gravis is a long-term neuromuscular autoimmune disease where antibodies block or destroy specific receptors at the junction between nerve and muscle; hence, nerve impulses fail to trigger muscle contractions. The disease leads to varying degrees of muscle weakness. Currently, I have only minor symptoms, I am not seriously impaired, and I do not suffer from any social disadvantage because of my illness. Yet, my life and my body since my diagnosis feel different than before. In this paper I aim to make this feeling intelligible and propose that it is a state of what I call ‘latent impairment’. Latent impairment is a state of being ‘in between’, different from being actually impaired and also different from being abled-bodied. The theory takes its cues both from social constructionist theories of disability as well as theories of (chronic) illness and their focus on the importance of subjectivity. Furthermore, I suggest that a phenomenological understanding of latent impairment can show possible ways of becoming an ally to the DRM.
KW - disability
KW - chronic illness
KW - latent impairment
KW - social construction
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/0020174X.2022.2136753
SN - 0020-174X
SN - 1502-3923
SP - 1
EP - 26
PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis
CY - London
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Weaver, Catherine
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko
A1 - Jorgensen, Samantha
A1 - Flores, Joseph
T1 - Bureaucratic representation in the IMF and the World Bank
JF - Global perspectives
N2 - The legitimacy and effectiveness of international organizations are often linked directly to issues of representation—not only on their high-level governing boards and in top leadership but also within their staff. This article explores two key questions of bureaucratic representation in the critical cases of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. First, we seek to unpack three essential dimensions of staff representation—nationality, education, and gender—to explain how representation may matter for international organizations. Second, we aim to describe the multiple dimensions of representation in the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank over the past twenty years by deploying a novel dataset on staff demographics, focusing on ranks with decision-making authority within the institutions. Our descriptive analysis reveals that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank have made considerable efforts to diversify their bureaucracies. Nonetheless, representation remains uneven; for example, nationals from middle- and low-income countries, women, and staff without economics degrees from prominent US- or UK-based universities are less present in key leadership positions. These results may be well explained by the particular needs of the institutions’ technical mandates and limits in the supply of qualified staff and, as such, need not be seen as suboptimal. Nonetheless, perceived imbalances in representation may continue to pose external legitimation and operational challenges to the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank in a complex political environment where such multidimensional representation is important to sustaining the buy-in of donor and borrower countries alike. To this end, we recommend that the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank enhance their diversity and inclusion efforts by increasing transparency via reporting disaggregated data on workforce composition and introducing annual requirements to publish progress reports with management feedback to strengthen internal and external accountability.
KW - representation
KW - international bureaucracy
KW - multilateralism
KW - World Bank
KW - IMF
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1525/gp.2022.39684
SN - 2575-7350
VL - 3
IS - 1
PB - University of California Press
CY - Oakland, CA
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pena-Camargo, Francisco
A1 - Thiesbrummel, Jarla
A1 - Hempel, Hannes
A1 - Musiienko, Artem
A1 - Le Corre, Vincent M.
A1 - Diekmann, Jonas
A1 - Warby, Jonathan
A1 - Unold, Thomas
A1 - Lang, Felix
A1 - Neher, Dieter
A1 - Stolterfoht, Martin
T1 - Revealing the doping density in perovskite solar cells and its impact on device performance
JF - Applied physics reviews
N2 - Traditional inorganic semiconductors can be electronically doped with high precision. Conversely, there is still conjecture regarding the assessment of the electronic doping density in metal-halide perovskites, not to mention of a control thereof. This paper presents a multifaceted approach to determine the electronic doping density for a range of different lead-halide perovskite systems. Optical and electrical characterization techniques, comprising intensity-dependent and transient photoluminescence, AC Hall effect, transfer-length-methods, and charge extraction measurements were instrumental in quantifying an upper limit for the doping density. The obtained values are subsequently compared to the electrode charge per cell volume under short-circuit conditions ( CUbi/eV), which amounts to roughly 10(16) cm(-3). This figure of merit represents the critical limit below which doping-induced charges do not influence the device performance. The experimental results consistently demonstrate that the doping density is below this critical threshold 10(12) cm(-3), which means << CUbi / e V) for all common lead-based metal-halide perovskites. Nevertheless, although the density of doping-induced charges is too low to redistribute the built-in voltage in the perovskite active layer, mobile ions are present in sufficient quantities to create space-charge-regions in the active layer, reminiscent of doped pn-junctions. These results are well supported by drift-diffusion simulations, which confirm that the device performance is not affected by such low doping densities.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0085286
SN - 1931-9401
VL - 9
IS - 2
PB - AIP Publishing
CY - Melville
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Brunner, Martin
A1 - Keller, Lena
A1 - Stallasch, Sophie E.
A1 - Kretschmann, Julia
A1 - Hasl, Andrea
A1 - Preckel, Franzis
A1 - Luedtke, Oliver
A1 - Hedges, Larry
T1 - Meta-analyzing individual participant data from studies with complex survey designs
BT - a tutorial on using the two-stage approach for data from educational large-scale assessments
JF - Research synthesis methods
N2 - Descriptive analyses of socially important or theoretically interesting phenomena and trends are a vital component of research in the behavioral, social, economic, and health sciences.
Such analyses yield reliable results when using representative individual participant data (IPD) from studies with complex survey designs, including educational large-scale assessments (ELSAs) or social, health, and economic survey and panel studies. The meta-analytic integration of these results offers unique and novel research opportunities to provide strong empirical evidence of the consistency and generalizability of important phenomena and trends.
Using ELSAs as an example, this tutorial offers methodological guidance on how to use the two-stage approach to IPD meta-analysis to account for the statistical challenges of complex survey designs (e.g., sampling weights, clustered and missing IPD), first, to conduct descriptive analyses (Stage 1), and second, to integrate results with three-level meta-analytic and meta-regression models to take into account dependencies among effect sizes (Stage 2).
The two-stage approach is illustrated with IPD on reading achievement from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). We demonstrate how to analyze and integrate standardized mean differences (e.g., gender differences), correlations (e.g., with students' socioeconomic status [SES]), and interactions between individual characteristics at the participant level (e.g., the interaction between gender and SES) across several PISA cycles.
All the datafiles and R scripts we used are available online. Because complex social, health, or economic survey and panel studies share many methodological features with ELSAs, the guidance offered in this tutorial is also helpful for synthesizing research evidence from these studies.
KW - complex survey designs
KW - educational large-scale assessments
KW - individual
KW - participant data
KW - meta-analysis
KW - Programme for International Student
KW - Assessment
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1584
SN - 1759-2879
SN - 1759-2887
VL - 14
IS - 1
SP - 5
EP - 35
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Hänel, Hilkje C.
T1 - Einleitung: Epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten
T1 - Introduction: epistemic injustice
JF - Zeitschrift für praktische Philosophie
N2 - Die Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeit verbindet normative Gerechtigkeitstheorien mit erkenntnistheoretischen Theorien und stellt somit die Art von wichtigen Fragen, die in den letzten Jahren sowohl innerhalb als auch außerhalb der Wissenschaft internationale Aufmerksamkeit erfahren haben. Verwiesen sei hier etwa auf soziale Bewegungen wie #MeToo und #BlackLivesMatter zeigen. Theorien der epistemischen Ungerechtigkeit (sowie verwandte Theorien wie Epistemologie des Unwissens, feministische Erkenntnistheorie und Standpunkttheorie) können sowohl epistemische Praktiken analysieren und einen Beitrag zu Gerechtigkeitstheorien und sozialer Epistemologie liefern, als auch zu adäquateren Verständnissen von existierenden Ungerechtigkeiten beitragen. In dem hier vorliegenden Schwerpunkt werden Beiträge zu eben solchen bislang wenig erforschten Ungerechtigkeiten sowie neue Diskussionsbeiträge zur Debatte um epistemische Ungerechtigkeiten geliefert.
N2 - The debate of epistemic injustice combines normative theories of justice with epistemological theories, posing the kinds of important questions that have received international attention in recent years, both inside and outside academia. Examples of the public relevance of the issue are social movements such as #MeToo and #BlackLivesMatter. Theories of epistemic injustice (and related theories such as epistemology of ignorance, feminist epistemology, and standpoint epistemology) can both analyze epistemic practices and contribute to theories of justice, social epistemology, and neighboring fields, as well as provide more adequate understandings of existing injustices. The special issue contributes to the analysis of such existing, yet under-researched injustices and new contributions to the debate on epistemic injustices.
KW - Epistemische Ungerechtigkeit
KW - Unwissen
KW - feministische Erkenntnistheorie
KW - Standpunkttheorie
KW - soziale Bewegungen
KW - epistemic injustice
KW - ignorance
KW - feminist epistemology
KW - standpoint-theory
KW - social movements
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.22613/zfpp/9.1.5
SN - 2409-9961
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 141
EP - 154
PB - Universität Salzburg, Zentrum für Ethik und Armutsforschung
CY - Salzburg
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Dudi, Reetika
A1 - Dietrich, Tim
A1 - Rashti, Alireza
A1 - Brügmann, Bernd
A1 - Steinhoff, Jan
A1 - Tichy, Wolfgang
T1 - High-accuracy simulations of highly spinning binary neutron star systems
JF - Physical review : D, Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology
N2 - With an increasing number of expected gravitational-wave detections of binary neutron star mergers, it is essential that gravitational-wave models employed for the analysis of observational data are able to describe generic compact binary systems. This includes systems in which the individual neutron stars are millisecond pulsars for which spin effects become essential. In this work, we perform numerical-relativity simulations of binary neutron stars with aligned and antialigned spins within a range of dimensionless spins of chi similar to [-0.28, 0.58]. The simulations are performed with multiple resolutions, show a clear convergence order and, consequently, can be used to test existing waveform approximants. We find that for very high spins gravitational-wave models that have been employed for the interpretation of GW170817 and GW190425 arc not capable of describing our numerical-relativity dataset. We verify through a full parameter estimation study in which clear biases in the estimate of the tidal deformability and effective spin are present. We hope that in preparation of the next gravitational-wave observing run of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors our new set of numerical-relativity data can be used to support future developments of new gravitational-wave models.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.105.064050
SN - 2470-0010
SN - 2470-0029
VL - 105
IS - 6
PB - American Physical Society
CY - College Park
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Pohl, Martin
A1 - Macias, Oscar
A1 - Coleman, Phaedra
A1 - Gordon, Chris
T1 - Assessing the impact of hydrogen absorption on the characteristics of the Galactic center excess
JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
N2 - We present a new reconstruction of the distribution of atomic hydrogen in the inner Galaxy that is based on explicit radiation transport modeling of line and continuum emission and a gas-flow model in the barred Galaxy that provides distance resolution for lines of sight toward the Galactic center.
The main benefits of the new gas model are (a) the ability to reproduce the negative line signals seen with the HI4PI survey and (b) the accounting for gas that primarily manifests itself through absorption.
We apply the new model of Galactic atomic hydrogen to an analysis of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the inner Galaxy, for which an excess at a few GeV was reported that may be related to dark matter.
We find with high significance an improved fit to the diffuse gamma-ray emission observed with the Fermi-LAT, if our new H i model is used to estimate the cosmic-ray induced diffuse gamma-ray emission.
The fit still requires a nuclear bulge at high significance. Once this is included there is no evidence of a dark-matter signal, be it cuspy or cored. But an additional so-called boxy bulge is still favored by the data.
This finding is robust under the variation of various parameters, for example, the excitation temperature of atomic hydrogen, and a number of tests for systematic issues.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6032
SN - 0004-637X
SN - 1538-4357
VL - 929
IS - 2
PB - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY - Bristol
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Mishurova, Tatiana
A1 - Stegemann, Robert
A1 - Lyamkin, Viktor
A1 - Cabeza, Sandra
A1 - Evsevleev, Sergei
A1 - Pelkner, Matthias
A1 - Bruno, Giovanni
T1 - Subsurface and bulk residual stress analysis of S235JRC+C Steel TIG weld by diffraction and magnetic stray field measurements
JF - Experimental mechanics : an international journal of the Society for Experimental Mechanics
N2 - Background
Due to physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization in ferromagnetic materials, it is assumed in the literature that the distribution of the magnetic stray field corresponds to the internal (residual) stress of the specimen.
The correlation is, however, not trivial, since the magnetic stray field is also influenced by the microstructure and the geometry of component.
The understanding of the correlation between residual stress and magnetic stray field could help to evaluate the integrity of welded components.
Objective
This study aims at understanding the possible correlation of subsurface and bulk residual stress with magnetic stray field in a low carbon steel weld.
Methods
The residual stress was determined by synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD, subsurface region) and by neutron diffraction (ND, bulk region).
SXRD possesses a higher spatial resolution than ND. Magnetic stray fields were mapped by utilizing high-spatial-resolution giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensors.
Results
The subsurface residual stress overall correlates better with the magnetic stray field distribution than the bulk stress. This correlation is especially visible in the regions outside the heat affected zone, where the influence of the microstructural features is less pronounced but steep residual stress gradients are present.
Conclusions
It was demonstrated that the localized stray field sources without any obvious microstructural variations are associated with steep stress gradients.
The good correlation between subsurface residual stress and magnetic signal indicates that the source of the magnetic stray fields is to be found in the range of the penetration depth of the SXRD measurements.
KW - residual stress
KW - magnetic stray field
KW - synchrotron X-ray diffraction
KW - neutron diffraction
KW - TIG-welding
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11340-022-00841-x
SN - 0014-4851
SN - 1741-2765
VL - 62
IS - 6
SP - 1017
EP - 1025
PB - Springer
CY - New York
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Genske, Ulrich
A1 - Jahnke, Paul
T1 - Human observer net
BT - a platform tool for human observer studies of Image data
JF - Radiology
N2 - Background:
Current software applications for human observer studies of images lack flexibility in study design, platform independence, multicenter use, and assessment methods and are not open source, limiting accessibility and expandability.
Purpose:
To develop a user-friendly software platform that enables efficient human observer studies in medical imaging with flexibility of study design.
Materials and Methods:
Software for human observer imaging studies was designed as an open-source web application to facilitate access, platform-independent usability, and multicenter studies. Different interfaces for study creation, participation, and management of results were implemented. The software was evaluated in human observer experiments between May 2019 and March 2021, in which duration of observer responses was tracked. Fourteen radiologists evaluated and graded software usability using the 100-point system usability scale. The application was tested in Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge browsers.
Results:
Software function was designed to allow visual grading analysis (VGA), multiple-alternative forced-choice (m-AFC), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), localization ROC, free-response ROC, and customized designs. The mean duration of reader responses per image or per image set was 6.2 seconds 6 4.8 (standard deviation), 5.8 seconds 6 4.7, 8.7 seconds 6 5.7, and 6.0 seconds 6 4.5 in four-AFC with 160 image quartets per reader, four-AFC with 640 image quartets per reader, localization ROC, and experimental studies, respectively. The mean system usability scale score was 83 6 11 (out of 100). The documented code and a demonstration of the application are available online (https://github.com/genskeu/HON, https://hondemo.pythonanywhere.com/).
Conclusion:
A user-friendly and efficient open-source application was developed for human reader experiments that enables study design versatility, as well as platform-independent and multicenter usability.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.211832
SN - 0033-8419
VL - 303
IS - 3
SP - 524
EP - 530
PB - Radiologgical soc North America (RSNA)
CY - Oak brook
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Wassermann, Birgit
A1 - Abdelfattah, Ahmed
A1 - Wicaksono, Wisnu Adi
A1 - Kusstatscher, Peter
A1 - Müller, Henry
A1 - Cernava, Tomislav
A1 - Goertz, Simon
A1 - Rietz, Steffen
A1 - Abbadi, Amine
A1 - Berg, Gabriele
T1 - The Brassica napus seed microbiota is cultivar-specific and transmitted via paternal breeding lines
JF - Microbial biotechnology
N2 - Seed microbiota influence germination and plant health and have the potential to improve crop performance, but the factors that determine their structure and functions are still not fully understood.
Here, we analysed the impact of plant-related and external factors on seed endophyte communities of 10 different oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars from 26 field sites across Europe.
All seed lots harboured a high abundance and diversity of endophytes, which were dominated by six genera: Ralstonia, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Sphingomonas.
The cultivar was the main factor explaining the variations in bacterial diversity, abundance and composition. In addition, the latter was significantly influenced by diverse biotic and abiotic factors, for example host germination rates and disease resistance against Plasmodiophora brassicae.
A set of bacterial biomarkers was identified to discriminate between characteristics of the seeds, for example Sphingomonas for improved germination and Brevundimonas for disease resistance.
Application of a Bayesian community approach suggested vertical transmission of seed endophytes, where the paternal parent plays a major role and might even determine the germination performance of the offspring.
This study contributes to the understanding of seed microbiome assembly and underlines the potential of the microbiome to be implemented in crop breeding and biocontrol programmes.
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.14077
SN - 1751-7915
VL - 15
IS - 9
SP - 2379
EP - 2390
PB - Wiley
CY - Hoboken
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Heinzel, Mirko
T1 - Divided loyalties?
BT - the role of national IO staff in aid–funded procurement
JF - Governance
N2 - Many operational International Organizations (IOs) rely on national staff when implementing projects in member states. However, fears persist that the loyalties of national IO staff may be divided when working in their home countries. The article studies differences in more than 50,000 procurement decisions taken in 1729 projects overseen by World Bank staff working as expatriates or in their home countries. The empirical results show that when staff work in their home countries, national suppliers' probability of winning procurement contracts increases. However, these increases are not driven by restricted procurement processes—that exclude competition—which are often seen as red flags for corruption. Instead, restricted procurement processes seem to be less likely when staff work in their home countries. These findings imply that national IO staff use their country-specific knowledge to increase the development effectiveness of procurement in line with the mandate of the World Bank.
Y1 - 2021
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12650
SN - 0952-1895
SN - 1468-0491
VL - 35
IS - 4
SP - 1183
EP - 1203
PB - Wiley-Blackwell
CY - Oxford
ER -
TY - JOUR
A1 - Schad, Daniel
A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno
A1 - Bürkner, Paul-Christian
A1 - Betancourt, Michael
A1 - Vasishth, Shravan
T1 - Workflow techniques for the robust use of bayes factors
JF - Psychological methods
N2 - Inferences about hypotheses are ubiquitous in the cognitive sciences. Bayes factors provide one general way to compare different hypotheses by their compatibility with the observed data. Those quantifications can then also be used to choose between hypotheses. While Bayes factors provide an immediate approach to hypothesis testing, they are highly sensitive to details of the data/model assumptions and it's unclear whether the details of the computational implementation (such as bridge sampling) are unbiased for complex analyses. Hem, we study how Bayes factors misbehave under different conditions. This includes a study of errors in the estimation of Bayes factors; the first-ever use of simulation-based calibration to test the accuracy and bias of Bayes factor estimates using bridge sampling; a study of the stability of Bayes factors against different MCMC draws and sampling variation in the data; and a look at the variability of decisions based on Bayes factors using a utility function. We outline a Bayes factor workflow that researchers can use to study whether Bayes factors are robust for their individual analysis. Reproducible code is available from haps://osf.io/y354c/.
Translational Abstract
In psychology and related areas, scientific hypotheses are commonly tested by asking questions like "is [some] effect present or absent." Such hypothesis testing is most often carried out using frequentist null hypothesis significance testing (NIIST). The NHST procedure is very simple: It usually returns a p-value, which is then used to make binary decisions like "the effect is present/abscnt." For example, it is common to see studies in the media that draw simplistic conclusions like "coffee causes cancer," or "coffee reduces the chances of geuing cancer." However, a powerful and more nuanced alternative approach exists: Bayes factors. Bayes factors have many advantages over NHST. However, for the complex statistical models that arc commonly used for data analysis today, computing Bayes factors is not at all a simple matter. In this article, we discuss the main complexities associated with computing Bayes factors. This is the first article to provide a detailed workflow for understanding and computing Bayes factors in complex statistical models. The article provides a statistically more nuanced way to think about hypothesis testing than the overly simplistic tendency to declare effects as being "present" or "absent".
KW - Bayes factors
KW - Bayesian model comparison
KW - prior
KW - posterior
KW - simulation-based calibration
Y1 - 2022
U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000472
SN - 1082-989X
SN - 1939-1463
VL - 28
IS - 6
SP - 1404
EP - 1426
PB - American Psychological Association
CY - Washington
ER -