TY - JOUR A1 - Bitzer, Jens A1 - Laessøe, Thomas A1 - Fournier, Jaques A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Decock, Cony A1 - Tichy, Hans-Volker A1 - Piepenbring, Meike A1 - Persoh, Derek A1 - Stadler, Marc T1 - Affinities of Phylacia and the daldinioid Xylariaceae, inferred from chemotypes of cultures and ribosomal DNA sequences N2 - A chemotaxonomic evaluation using hplc profiling was undertaken to resolve the infrageneric and intergeneric affinities of over 150 strains of Xylariaceae. Daldinia placentiformis, Hypoxylon nicaraguense, H. polyporus, and Phylacia sagrana were found to contain 8-methoxy-1-naphthol, which is apparently absent in Annulohypoxylon, Hypoxylon, and related genera with bipartite stromata. D. placentiformis and other species of Daldinia and Entonaema produced this naphthol, 5-hydroxy-2-methylchromone, isosclerone derivatives, and 'AB-5046' phytotoxins. Phylacia sagrana differed from most Daldinia spp., except for D. caldariorum, by producing eutypine derivatives in addition to the above compounds. indolylquinones were observed in H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus. Isosclerones were also identified in the A. multiforme complex, but Hypoxylon and other Annulohypoxylon and most Hypoxylon spp. studied Annulohypoxylon spp. contained S-methylmellein as the major metabolite of their cultures. Based on the occurrence of the above metabolites, further mellein-type dihydroisocoumarins, teleomorphic and anamorphic Xylariaceae with Nodulisporium-like anamorphs ('Hypoxyloideae') were divided into various chemotypes. A comparison of their 5.8S/ ITS nuc-rDNA sequences agreed in some important aspects with the above results: H. nicaraguense and H. polyporus appeared basal to a clade comprising Daldinia, Entonaema, and Ph. sagrana. The latter species appeared allied to D. caldariorum, but was distantly related to Pyrenomyxa morganii and Hypoxylon s. str. (C) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Y1 - 2008 SN - 0953-7562 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherber, Christoph A1 - Eisenhauer, Nico A1 - Weisser, Wolfgang W. A1 - Schmid, Bernhard A1 - Voigt, Winfried A1 - Fischer, Markus A1 - Schukze, Ernst-Detlef A1 - Roscher, Christiane A1 - Weigelt, Alexandra A1 - Allan, Eric A1 - Beßler, Holger A1 - Bonkowski, Michael A1 - Buchmann, Nina A1 - Buscot, François A1 - Clement, Lars W. A1 - Ebeling, Anne A1 - Engels, Christof A1 - Halle, Stefan A1 - Kertscher, Ilona A1 - Klein, Alexandra Maria A1 - Koller, Robert A1 - König, Stephan A1 - Kowalski, Esther A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Kuu, Annely A1 - Lange, Markus A1 - Lauterbach, Dirk T1 - Bottom-up effects of plant diversity on multitrophic interactions in a biodiversity experiment Y1 - 2010 UR - http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v468/n7323/full/nature09492.html SN - 0028-0836 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thines, Marco A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - Diversity and species boundaries in floricolous downy mildews JF - Mycological progress : international journal of the German Mycological Society N2 - Floricolous downy mildews are a monophyletic group of members of the genus Peronospora (Oomycota, Peronosporales). These downy mildews can be found on a variety of families of the Asteridae, including Asteraceae, Campanulaceae, Dipsacaceae, Lamiaceae, and Orobanchaceae. With the exception of Peronospora radii, which can also cause economically relevant losses, sporulation usually takes place only on floral parts of their hosts. However, only very few specimens of these mostly inconspicuous downy mildews have so far been included in molecular phylogenies. Focusing on Lamiaceae, we have investigated multiple specimens of floricolous downy mildews for elucidating species boundaries and host specificity in this group. Based on both mitochondrial and nuclear loci, it became apparent that phylogenetic lineages in the Lamiaceae seem to be host genus specific and significant sequence diversity could be found between lineages. Based on distinctiveness in both phylogenetic reconstructions and morphology, the downy mildew on flowers of Stachys palustris is introduced as a new species, Peronospora jagei sp. nov., which can be morphologically distinguished from Peronospora stigmaticola by broader and shorter conidiospores. The diversity of the floricolous down mildews might be higher than previously assumed, although specimens from a much broader set of samples will be needed to confirm this view. KW - cox2 KW - Internal transcribed spacer KW - Peronosporaceae KW - Phylogeny Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-012-0837-7 SN - 1617-416X VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 321 EP - 329 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ale-Agha, Nosratollah A1 - Bolay, Adrien A1 - Braun, Uwe A1 - Jage, Horst A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Lebeda, Ales A1 - Piatek, Marcin A1 - Shin, Hyeon-Dong A1 - Zimmermannova-Pastircakova, Katarina T1 - Erysiphe catalpae and E. elevata in Europe Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bolay, Adrien A1 - Braun, Uwe A1 - Delhey, Rolf A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Piatek, Marcin A1 - Wolczanska, Agata T1 - Erysiphe deutziae - a new epidemic spread in Europe N2 - Erysiphe deutziae (Bunkina) U. Braun & S. Takam. is powdery mildew fungus that is currently spreading in Europe. The anamorph of this species has been found in France, Germany, Poland and Switzerland on Deutzia sp. (cult.), Deutzia x magnifica (Lemoine) Rehder and Deutzia scabra Thunb. The morphology, taxonomy and worldwide distribution of Erysiphe deutziae are described, illustrated and discussed Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bolay, Adrien A1 - Braun, Uwe A1 - Delhey, Rolf A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Piatek, Marcin A1 - Wolczanska, Agata T1 - Erysiphe deutziae : a new epidemic spread in Europe N2 - Erysiphe deutziae (Bunkina) U. Braun & S. Takam. is powdery mildew fungus that is currently spreading in Europe. The anamorph of this species has been found in France, Germany, Poland and Switzerland on Deutzia sp. (cult.), Deutzia x magnifica (Lemoine) Rehder and Deutzia scabra Thunb. The morphology, taxonomy and worldwide distribution of Erysiphe deutziae are described, illustrated and discussed Y1 - 2005 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rottstock, Tanja A1 - Joshi, Jasmin Radha A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Fischer, Markus T1 - Higher plant diversity promotes higher diversity of fungal pathogens, while it decreases pathogen infection per plant JF - Ecology : a publication of the Ecological Society of America N2 - Fungal plant pathogens are common in natural communities where they affect plant physiology, plant survival, and biomass production. Conversely, pathogen transmission and infection may be regulated by plant community characteristics such as plant species diversity and functional composition that favor pathogen diversity through increases in host diversity while simultaneously reducing pathogen infection via increased variability in host density and spatial heterogeneity. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of multi-host multi-pathogen interactions is of high significance in the context of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning. We investigated the relationship between plant diversity and aboveground obligate parasitic fungal pathogen ("pathogens" hereafter) diversity and infection in grasslands of a long-term, large-scale, biodiversity experiment with varying plant species (1-60 species) and plant functional group diversity (1-4 groups). To estimate pathogen infection of the plant communities, we visually assessed pathogen-group presence (i.e., rusts, powdery mildews, downy mildews, smuts, and leaf-spot diseases) and overall infection levels (combining incidence and severity of each pathogen group) in 82 experimental plots on all aboveground organs of all plant species per plot during four surveys in 2006. Pathogen diversity, assessed as the cumulative number of pathogen groups on all plant species per plot, increased log-linearly with plant species diversity. However, pathogen incidence and severity, and hence overall infection, decreased with increasing plant species diversity. In addition, co-infection of plant individuals by two or more pathogen groups was less likely with increasing plant community diversity. We conclude that plant community diversity promotes pathogen-community diversity while at the same time reducing pathogen infection levels of plant individuals. KW - biodiversity KW - ecosystem processes KW - ecosystem services KW - grasslands KW - multi-host-multi-pathogen interactions KW - obligate parasitic fungal pathogens KW - pathogen diversity KW - pathogen proneness KW - pathogen transmission KW - plant functional types Y1 - 2014 SN - 0012-9658 SN - 1939-9170 VL - 95 IS - 7 SP - 1907 EP - 1917 PB - Wiley CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kummer, Volker T1 - List of fungi (ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, myxomycetes and phytoparasitic fungi) recorded in the Bol'soj Thac area between the so called "Devils gate" (Acesbok) and the village Novoprohladnoe N2 - The list contains all the identified fungi collections of the excursion in 1998. In it were also included some records published by OTTO (2001) and few unpublished data of fungi mainly collected by V. Otte after 1998. Unless other information is given, all the fungal collections and their determination were done by the author. Most of the collections are integrated as exsiccata in the herbarium of the author. Y1 - 2007 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ali, Tahir A1 - Runge, Fabian A1 - Dutbayev, Ayan A1 - Schmuker, Angelika A1 - Solovyeva, Irina A1 - Nigrelli, Lisa A1 - Buch, Ann-Katrin A1 - Xia, Xiaojuan A1 - Ploch, Sebastian A1 - Orren, Ouria A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Paule, Juraj A1 - Celik, Ali A1 - Vakhrusheva, Ljudmila A1 - Gabrielyan, Ivan A1 - Thines, Marco T1 - Microthlaspi erraticum (Jord.) T. Ali et Thines has a wide distribution, ranging from the Alps to the Tien Shan JF - Flora : morphology, distribution, functional ecology of plants N2 - Microthlaspi is a predominantly Eurasian genus which also occurs in the northernmost parts of Africa (Maghreb). The most widespread species of the genus is M. perfoliatum, which can be found from Sweden to Algeria and from Portugal to China. The other species are thought to have much more confined distribution ranges, often covering only a few hundred kilometres. This is also believed for the diploid M. erraticum, which was recently re-appraised as a taxon independent from the tetra- to hexaploid M. perfoliatum. Previously, M. erraticum was believed to be present only in Central Europe, from the East of France to Slovenia. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the ecology, evolution and migration history of Microthlaspi it was the focus of the current study to investigate, if M. erraticum is present in habitats outside Central Europe, but with microclimates similar to Central Europe. It is demonstrated that M. erraticum is much more widespread than previously thought, while other lineages apart from M. perfoliatum s.str. and M. erraticum seem to have restricted distribution ranges. The latter species was observed from the Alps and their foreland, the Balkans, the mountainous areas around the Black Sea, Southern Siberia, as well as the Altai and Tien Shan mountains. This demonstrates a widespread occurrence of this easily-overlooked species. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. KW - Biogeography KW - Coluteocarpeae KW - Noccaea KW - Phylogeny KW - Species complex KW - Thlaspi perfoliatum Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2016.09.008 SN - 0367-2530 SN - 1618-0585 VL - 225 SP - 76 EP - 81 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Jena ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Choi, Young-Joon A1 - Klosterman, Steven J. A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Voglmayr, Hermann A1 - Shin, Hyeon-Dong A1 - Thines, Marco T1 - Multi-locus tree and species tree approaches toward resolving a complex clade of downy mildews (Straminipila, Oomycota), including pathogens of beet and spinach JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution N2 - Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The family Peronosporaceae (Straminipila; Oomycota) consists of obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause downy mildew disease on angiosperms, including a large number of cultivated plants. In the largest downy mildew genus Peronospora, a phylogenetically complex clade includes the economically important downy mildew pathogens of spinach and beet, as well as the type species of the genus Peronospora. To resolve this complex clade at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships among them, we used multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and species tree estimation. Both approaches discriminated all nine currently accepted species and revealed four previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. This is in line with a narrow species concept, i.e. that a downy mildew species is associated with only a particular host plant genus or species. Instead of applying the dubious name Peronospora farinosa, which has been proposed for formal rejection, our results provide strong evidence that Peronospora schachtii is an independent species from lineages on Atriplex and apparently occurs exclusively on Beta vulgaris. The members of the clade investigated, the Peronospora rumicis clade, associate with three different host plant families, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, suggesting that they may have speciated following at least two recent inter-family host shifts, rather than contemporary cospeciation with the host plants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Cospeciation KW - Host shift KW - Multi-locus phylogeny KW - Oomycetes KW - Peronospora farinosa KW - Species tree Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.003 SN - 1055-7903 SN - 1095-9513 VL - 86 SP - 24 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER -