TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thamm, Markus
A1  - Scheiner, Ricarda
T1  - PKG in honey bees: spatial expression, amfor gene expression, sucrose responsiveness, and division of labor
JF  - The journal of comparative neurology
N2  - Division of labor is a hallmark of social insects. In honey bees, division of labor involves transition of female workers from one task to the next. The most distinct tasks are nursing (providing food for the brood) and foraging (collecting pollen and nectar). The brain mechanisms regulating this form of behavioral plasticity have largely remained elusive. Recently, it was suggested that division of labor is based on nutrition-associated signaling pathways. One highly conserved gene associated with food-related behavior across species is the foraging gene, which encodes a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PKG). Our analysis of this gene reveals the presence of alternative splicing in the honey bee. One isoform is expressed in the brain. Expression of this isoform is most pronounced in the mushroom bodies, the subesophageal ganglion, and the corpora allata. Division of labor and sucrose responsiveness in honey bees correlate significantly with foraging gene expression in distinct brain regions. Activating PKG selectively increases sucrose responsiveness in nurse bees to the level of foragers, whereas the same treatment does not affect responsiveness to light. These findings demonstrate a direct link between PKG signaling in distinct brain areas and division of labor. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the difference in sensory responsiveness between nurse bees and foragers can be compensated for by activating PKG. Our findings on the function of PKG in regulating specific sensory responsiveness and social organization offer valuable indications for the function of the cGMP/PKG pathway in many other insects and vertebrates. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1786-1799, 2014. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
KW  - protein kinase G
KW  - cyclic GMP
KW  - division of labor
KW  - sucrose responsiveness
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/cne.23500
SN  - 0021-9967
SN  - 1096-9861
VL  - 522
IS  - 8
SP  - 1786
EP  - 1799
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -