TY  - BOOK
A1  - Drathschmidt, Nicolas
T1  - Umgang von Verwaltungsmitarbeitenden mit Red Tape
T3  - BestMasters (BEST)
N2  - Wesenskern der Verwaltungswissenschaft ist nach wie vor die Frage nach Dysfunktionalitäten bürokratischer Organisationen. Schwerfälligkeit durch überbordende Bürokratie wird in der Forschung hierbei als Red Tape bezeichnet. Aufgrund der relationalen Beschaffenheit ist die Frage weniger, was alles Red Tape ist, sondern vielmehr wie Verwaltungsmitarbeitende mit Red Tape umgehen. Diese Arbeit soll dazu beitragen, Bewältigungsstrategien, auch Coping genannt, bezogen auf Red Tape zu verstehen. Mittels Survey-Experiment wird untersucht, inwieweit die individuelle Bewältigungsstrategie durch die Form (analog/digital), über die Red Tape transportiert wird, und den Ursprung (intern/extern), von dem Red Tape ausgeht, beeinflusst wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen unter Berücksichtigung des transaktionalen Stressmodells von Lazarus und Folkman, dass Mitarbeitende der Verwaltung insbesondere dann aktive Bewältigungsstrategien auswählen, wenn diese durch externe Quellen hervorgerufen wird und zudem analog vorliegt.
KW  - Coping
KW  - survey experiment
KW  - Bürokratie
KW  - Digitalisierung
KW  - Red Tape
KW  - Verwaltung
KW  - Stress
Y1  - 2022
SN  - 978-3-658-39764-7
SN  - 978-3-658-39765-4
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-39765-4
PB  - Springer VS
CY  - Wiesbaden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Dalager, Tina
A1  - Looks, Vanessa
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance in the young and middle-aged workforce with primarily physical versus mental work demands
JF  - Journal of public health : from theory to practice : official organ of the Deutscher Verband für Gesundheitswissenschaften Public Health e.V. (DVGPH)
N2  - Aim The purpose of this study was to examine physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance and their associations in young and middle-aged workers with primarily physical versus mental work demands. Subjects and methods Healthy young and middle-aged workers (73 men, age = 33 +/- 7 years; 75 women, age = 35 +/- 9 years) were recruited from German small-to-medium-sized enterprises (< 250 employees) and classified into groups with primarily mental (MD) or physical demands (PD) at work. Participants were tested for cardiorespiratory fitness, trunk flexor/extensor muscular endurance, handgrip strength, balance, leg muscle power, perceived stress, cognitive performance, and work ability. Results Ninety-four workers were allocated to the MD (53% females) and 54 to the PD (46% females) groups. The MD group showed significantly better balance, trunk extensor muscular endurance, and cognitive performance (p < 0.035, 0.35 <= d <= 0.55) and less stress compared with the PD group (p < 0.023, d = 0.38). Group-specific Spearman rank correlation analysis (r(S)) revealed significant small-to-medium-sized correlations between physical fitness and cognitive performance (- 0.205 <= r(S) <= 0.434) in the MD and PD groups. Significant small-to-medium-sized correlations were found for physical fitness and stress/work ability (0.211 <= r(S) <= 0.301) in the MD group only. Further, associations of trunk extensor muscular endurance and work ability were significantly higher in the MD group (r(S) = 0.240) compared with the PD group (r(S) = - 0.141; z = 2.16, p = 0.031). Conclusions MD workers showed better physical fitness measures (balance, trunk extensor muscular endurance) and cognitive performance and lower levels of perceived stress compared with PD workers. Small-to-medium-sized associations between physical fitness and psycho-cognitive performance measures indicate that gains in physical fitness may at least partly contribute to psycho-cognitive performance and/or vice versa, particularly in MD workers.
KW  - Core strength
KW  - Endurance
KW  - Stress
KW  - Work ability
KW  - Association
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01099-9
SN  - 2198-1833
SN  - 1613-2238
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
SP  - 75
EP  - 84
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ewert, Christina
A1  - Gaube, Benjamin
A1  - Geisler, Fay Caroline Mary
T1  - Dispositional self-compassion impacts immediate and delayed reactions to social evaluation
JF  - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences
N2  - In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of trait self-compassion (SC) on perceived stress, shame, and the use of coping strategies in reaction to a socio-evaluative stressor while controlling for the effects of neuroticism (N) and conscientiousness (C). Participants (N = 105) performed a mental-arithmetic task with immediate in-person feedback. SC predicted less perceived stress and shame immediately after the stressor. Additionally, SC predicted less shame after a short recovery phase. This effect was fully mediated by less use of denial. Furthermore, SC buffered the effect of N on the use of denial, and C on shame after recovery. SC also predicted more use of positive reframing. Thus, SC may make a socio-evaluative stressor less threatening and may thwart a shame-inducing conception of the stressor by promoting clearer processing. Furthermore, SC may be especially beneficial for those vulnerable to dysfunctional coping and negative self-conscious emotions. This study contributes to the understanding of how trait self-compassion beneficially influences the processing of stressful situations.
KW  - Self-compassion
KW  - Stress
KW  - Coping
KW  - Shame
KW  - Social evaluation
KW  - Denial
KW  - Acceptance
KW  - Positive refraining
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.037
SN  - 0191-8869
VL  - 125
SP  - 91
EP  - 96
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mazza, Valeria
A1  - Dammhahn, Melanie
A1  - Eccard, Jana
A1  - Palme, Rupert
A1  - Zaccaroni, Marco
A1  - Jacob, Jens
T1  - Coping with style: individual differences in responses to environmental variation
JF  - Behavioral ecology and sociobiology
N2  - Between-individual differences in coping with stress encompass neurophysiological, cognitive and behavioural reactions. The coping style model proposes two alternative response patterns to challenges that integrate these types of reactions. The “proactive strategy” combines a general fight-or-flight response and inflexibility in learning with a relatively low HPA (hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal) response. The “reactive strategy” includes risk aversion, flexibility in learning and an enhanced HPA response. Although numerous studies have investigated the possible covariance of cognitive, behavioural and physiological responses, findings are still mixed. In the present study, we tested the predictions of the coping style model in an unselected population of bank voles (Myodes glareolus) (N = 70). We measured the voles’ boldness, activity, speed and flexibility in learning and faecal corticosterone metabolite levels under three conditions (holding in indoor cages, in outdoor enclosures and during open field test). Individuals were moderately consistent in their HPA response across situations. Proactive voles had significantly lower corticosterone levels than reactive conspecifics in indoor and outdoor conditions. However, we could not find any co-variation between cognitive and behavioural traits and corticosterone levels in the open field test. Our results partially support the original coping style model but suggest a more complex relationship between cognitive, behavioural and endocrine responses than was initially proposed.
KW  - Coping styles
KW  - Faecal glucocorticoid metabolites
KW  - Learning
KW  - Stress
KW  - Personality
KW  - Rodent
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-019-2760-2
SN  - 0340-5443
SN  - 1432-0762
VL  - 73
IS  - 10
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schultebraucks, Katharina
A1  - Deuter, Christian E.
A1  - Duesenberg, Moritz
A1  - Schulze, Lars
A1  - Hellmann-Regen, Julian
A1  - Domke, Antonia
A1  - Lockenvitz, Lisa
A1  - Kuehl, Linn K.
A1  - Otte, Christian
A1  - Wingenfeld, Katja
T1  - Selective attention to emotional cues and emotion recognition in healthy subjects: the role of mineralocorticoid receptor stimulation
JF  - Psychopharmacology
N2  - Selective attention toward emotional cues and emotion recognition of facial expressions are important aspects of social cognition. Stress modulates social cognition through cortisol, which acts on glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in the brain. We examined the role of MR activation on attentional bias toward emotional cues and on emotion recognition. We included 40 healthy young women and 40 healthy young men (mean age 23.9 +/- 3.3), who either received 0.4 mg of the MR agonist fludrocortisone or placebo. A dot-probe paradigm was used to test for attentional biases toward emotional cues (happy and sad faces). Moreover, we used a facial emotion recognition task to investigate the ability to recognize emotional valence (anger and sadness) from facial expression in four graded categories of emotional intensity (20, 30, 40, and 80 %). In the emotional dot-probe task, we found a main effect of treatment and a treatment x valence interaction. Post hoc analyses revealed an attentional bias away from sad faces after placebo intake and a shift in selective attention toward sad faces compared to placebo. We found no attentional bias toward happy faces after fludrocortisone or placebo intake. In the facial emotion recognition task, there was no main effect of treatment. MR stimulation seems to be important in modulating quick, automatic emotional processing, i.e., a shift in selective attention toward negative emotional cues. Our results confirm and extend previous findings of MR function. However, we did not find an effect of MR stimulation on emotion recognition.
KW  - Selective attention
KW  - Emotion recognition
KW  - Fludrocortisone
KW  - Mineralocorticoid receptor
KW  - Stress
KW  - Cortisol
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4380-0
SN  - 0033-3158
SN  - 1432-2072
VL  - 233
SP  - 3405
EP  - 3415
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Friedel, Eva
A1  - Schlagenhauf, Florian
A1  - Beck, Anne
A1  - Dolan, Raymond J.
A1  - Huys, Quentin J. M.
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
T1  - The effects of life stress and neural learning signals on fluid intelligence
JF  - European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience : official organ of the German Society for Biological Psychiatry
N2  - Fluid intelligence (fluid IQ), defined as the capacity for rapid problem solving and behavioral adaptation, is known to be modulated by learning and experience. Both stressful life events (SLES) and neural correlates of learning [specifically, a key mediator of adaptive learning in the brain, namely the ventral striatal representation of prediction errors (PE)] have been shown to be associated with individual differences in fluid IQ. Here, we examine the interaction between adaptive learning signals (using a well-characterized probabilistic reversal learning task in combination with fMRI) and SLES on fluid IQ measures. We find that the correlation between ventral striatal BOLD PE and fluid IQ, which we have previously reported, is quantitatively modulated by the amount of reported SLES. Thus, after experiencing adversity, basic neuronal learning signatures appear to align more closely with a general measure of flexible learning (fluid IQ), a finding complementing studies on the effects of acute stress on learning. The results suggest that an understanding of the neurobiological correlates of trait variables like fluid IQ needs to take socioemotional influences such as chronic stress into account.
KW  - Reinforcement learning
KW  - Prediction error signal
KW  - Ventral striatum
KW  - Stress
KW  - Intelligence
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-014-0519-3
SN  - 0940-1334
SN  - 1433-8491
VL  - 265
IS  - 1
SP  - 35
EP  - 43
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engel, Mareike Carina
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Fydrich, Thomas
A1  - Ziegler, Matthias
T1  - Physical and psychological burden of psychotherapists in training
JF  - Psychotherapeut
N2  - The demanding working and training conditions of psychotherapists in training (PiA) are discussed more and more frequently from social and research perspectives. The complementary focus on job and training pressure and its consequences have received little attention so far.
 The nationwide survey (N = 464) contains information on essential person-related and training-related risk factors and resources. Moreover, the study provides comparisons concerning different professional categories with high psychological and social demands as well as with the training conditions of psychotherapists in 2009.
 The study shows the difficulties and demanding situation of financing the training. The PiAs showed significantly higher stress levels than other groups of persons and comparably low resilience combined with a high working engagement. Only a few PiAs had a healthy behavioral and perceptional work pattern.
 The results underline the necessity for an examination of the training and working conditions of PiAs. Accordingly, options for interventions are presented.
KW  - Training conditions
KW  - Workload
KW  - Stress
KW  - Costs
KW  - Questionnaires
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-015-0055-2
SN  - 0935-6185
SN  - 1432-2080
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
SP  - 536
EP  - 545
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Holz, Nathalie
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood
JF  - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology
N2  - Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.
KW  - FKBP5
KW  - Stress
KW  - HPA
KW  - Cortisol
KW  - Childhood adversity
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001
SN  - 0924-977X
SN  - 1873-7862
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
SP  - 837
EP  - 845
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Witt, Stephanie H.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Nieratschker, Vanessa
A1  - Treutlein, Jens
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Bidlingmaier, Martin
A1  - Wiedemann, Klaus
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Wuest, Stefan
A1  - Zimmermann, Ulrich S.
T1  - An interaction between a neuropeptide Y gene polymorphism and early adversity modulates endocrine stress responses
JF  - Psychoneuroendocrinology
N2  - Interindividual variability in the regulation of the human stress system accounts for a part of the individual's liability to stress-related diseases. These differences are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Early childhood adversity is a well-studied environmental factor affecting an individual's stress response which has been shown to be modulated by gene environment interaction (GxE). Neuropeptide Y (NPY) plays a role in stress regulation and genetic variation in NPY may influence stress responses. In this study, we analyzed the association of a common variant in the NPY gene promoter, rs16147, with cortisol and ACTH responses to acute psychosocial stress in young adults from the Mannheim Study of Children at Risk (MARS), an ongoing epidemiological cohort study following the outcome of early adversity from birth into adulthood. We found evidence of a GxE interaction between rs16147 and early adversity significantly affecting HPA axis responses to acute psychosocial stress. These findings suggest that the neurobiological mechanisms linking early adverse experience and later neuroendocrine stress regulation are modulated by a gene variant whose functional relevance is documented by increasing convergent evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies.
KW  - GxE interaction
KW  - Stress
KW  - HPA
KW  - Neuropeptide Y
KW  - Early adversity
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.12.015
SN  - 0306-4530
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
SP  - 1010
EP  - 1020
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kanitz, Jenny Lena
A1  - Pretzer, Kim
A1  - Reif, Marcus
A1  - Voss, Andreas
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Laengler, Alfred
A1  - Henze, Guenter
A1  - Seifert, Georg
T1  - The impact of eurythmy therapy on stress coping strategies and health-related quality of life in healthy, moderately stressed adults
JF  - Complementary therapies in medicine : the journal for all health care professionals.
N2  - Background: 'Stress' and 'health-related quality of life' (HRQoL) are two important theoretical constructs for modern therapy evaluation with clinical relevance. Eurythmy therapy (EYT) is a mind-body-therapy derived from anthroposophic medicine with promising effects on heart rate variability (HRV), HRQoL and disease scores. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of EYT on stress coping strategies (SCS) and HRQoL in a controlled study with moderately stressed participants.
 Methods: 68 healthy, moderately stressed adults (mean age: 42.2; SD: 8.2) performed 10 h of EYT in a group setting over a period of six weeks. A non-randomised control group of 22 healthy adults (mean age: 43.6; SD: 13.7) received no intervention and did only complete the questionnaires at the same data points. Outcomes were measured before and after the intervention (AVEM & SF-36).
 Results: A significant impact on SCS was found in seven AVEM scales (MANOVA, F (1/74) = 4.59; p = .04). With regard to changes in risk pattern affiliation (AVEM), 24% of the participants receiving EYT (n = 55) changed over time from a risky stress coping pattern to a healthier pattern. Concerning the HRQoL four normally distributed scales of the SF-36 ('vitality', 'social functioning', 'mental health' and 'physical functioning') showed a significant group x time interaction favouring the EYT group (MANOVA, F (1/74) = 17.26; p < .001). Statistically and clinically relevant mean differences over time of at least eight scale points were found for 'role physical', 'bodily pain', 'vitality' and 'mental health', and of at least 15 scale points for 'role emotional' and 'social functioning'.
 Conclusions: A six-week period of EYT training can result in a significant reduction of stress and consequently improve QoL. Because a significant proportion of participants had high levels of stress at baseline the results suggest a health-enhancing benefit of EYT that may have clinical potential for prevention of stress and associated disorders in healthy individuals and possibly in patients with chronic diseases, for example.
KW  - Eurythmy therapy
KW  - Mind-body-therapy
KW  - Stress
KW  - Health related quality of life
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2011.06.008
SN  - 0965-2299
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
SP  - 247
EP  - 255
PB  - Churchill Livingstone
CY  - Edinburgh
ER  -