TY  - JOUR
A1  - Huss, Matthias
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Huggel, C.
A1  - Jacobsen, Dean
A1  - Bradley, Raymond S.
A1  - Clague, J. J.
A1  - Vuille, Mathias
A1  - Buytaert, Wouter
A1  - Cayan, D. R.
A1  - Greenwood, G.
A1  - Mark, B. G.
A1  - Milner, A. M.
A1  - Weingartner, Rolf
A1  - Winder, M.
T1  - Toward mountains without permanent snow and ice
JF  - Earths future
N2  - The cryosphere in mountain regions is rapidly declining, a trend that is expected to accelerate over the next several decades due to anthropogenic climate change. A cascade of effects will result, extending from mountains to lowlands with associated impacts on human livelihood, economy, and ecosystems. With rising air temperatures and increased radiative forcing, glaciers will become smaller and, in some cases, disappear, the area of frozen ground will diminish, the ratio of snow to rainfall will decrease, and the timing and magnitude of both maximum and minimum streamflow will change. These changes will affect erosion rates, sediment, and nutrient flux, and the biogeochemistry of rivers and proglacial lakes, all of which influence water quality, aquatic habitat, and biotic communities. Changes in the length of the growing season will allow low-elevation plants and animals to expand their ranges upward. Slope failures due to thawing alpine permafrost, and outburst floods from glacier-and moraine-dammed lakes will threaten downstream populations.Societies even well beyond the mountains depend on meltwater from glaciers and snow for drinking water supplies, irrigation, mining, hydropower, agriculture, and recreation. Here, we review and, where possible, quantify the impacts of anticipated climate change on the alpine cryosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere, and consider the implications for adaptation to a future of mountains without permanent snow and ice.
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2016EF000514
SN  - 2328-4277
VL  - 5
SP  - 418
EP  - 435
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -