TY - JOUR A1 - Neitmann, Klaus T1 - "der wahren, hohen Bestimmung ihrer ständischen Existenz": Ständewesen und Regionalismus im Markgraftum Niederlausitz in sächsischer Zeit (1635 - 1815) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-95498-084-0 ER - TY - THES A1 - Röhl, Vera Regine T1 - "Es gibt kein Himmelreich auf Erden" : Heinrich Margulies : ein säkularer Zionist Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-8260-5421-1 PB - Königshausen & Neumann CY - Würzburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gradinari, Irina ED - Franz, Norbert P. ED - Frieß, Nina T1 - "Jede Köchin kann den Staat verwalten" BT - von Mahlzeiten, Tischen und Vieh in sowjetischen Filmen JF - Küche und Kultur in der Slavia : eigenes und Fremdes im ausgehenden 20. Jahrhundert N2 - Überfluss und Mangel in der stalinistischen Kultur Erschaffung einer kollektiven Substanz Vom Kollektiven zum Individuellen: Ein kurzer Exkurs Jenseits der medialen Bilder Literatur KW - Küche KW - Küchenkultur KW - Essen KW - Kulturwissenschaft KW - Slavia KW - kitchen KW - kitchen culture KW - food KW - cultural science KW - slavic countries Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71879 SP - 131 EP - 167 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kohlstruck, Michael A1 - Rolfes, Manfred A1 - Schubarth, Wilfried T1 - "Tolerantes Brandenburg" BT - Herausforderungen einer institutionalisierten rechtsextremismusprävention auf Landesebene JF - Nachhaltige Prävention von Kriminalität, Gewalt und Rechtsextremismus : Beiträge aus Wissenschaft und Praxis N2 - 1. Einleitung 2. Kriminalitätsprävention und Rechtsextremismusprävention 3. Ausgewählte Strukturelemente des Kooperationsverbundes TBB 3.1 Aufgabendefinition zwischen Rechtsextremismusbekämpfung und Demokratieförderung 3.2 Status der landesweiten Zentralstelle 3.3 Ressortübergreifende Aufgaben im Verhältnis zu den Fachressorts 3.4 Vernetzung und Hierarchie 3.5 Verhältnis zur Zivilgesellschaft 3.6 Evaluation 4. Fazit KW - Prävention KW - Nachhaltigkeit KW - Gewalt KW - Kriminalität KW - Rechtsextremismus KW - prevention KW - sustainability KW - violence KW - crime KW - right-wing extremism Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-71225 SP - 229 EP - 246 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kupetz, Maxi T1 - 'Mitfühlend sprechen' BT - Zur Rolle der Prosodie in Empathiedarstellungen JF - Prosodie und Phonetik in der Interaktion = Prosody and phonetics in interaction N2 - Im Zentrum dieser interaktional-linguistischen Untersuchung steht die Frage, welchen Beitrag die prosodisch-phonetische Gestaltung einer Äußerung zu ihrer Interpretation als Darstellung von Empathie leistet. Dem liegt eine interaktionale Auffassung von Empathie zu Grunde: Empathie wird nicht als psychoemotionaler Zustand konzeptualisiert, sondern als Darstellung von Verstehen/ Verständnis/ Mitgefühl/ Mitleid in sozialer Interaktion. Gegenstand der Untersuchung ist die interaktive Bearbeitung persönlicher Erlebnisse in deutschen Alltagsgesprächen. Es wird gezeigt, dass – an spezifischen sequentiellen Positionen – Kombinationen folgender prosodisch-phonetischer Ressourcen potenziell relevant sind, um Äußerungen als empathisch, hier i.S.v. 'mitfühlend', interpretierbar zu machen: geringere und/ oder abnehmende Lautstärke/ Diminuendo, tiefes Tonhöhenregister, flach auslaufende Kontur, Behauchung, Knarrstimme, geringe Sprechspannung/ weiche Artikulation, Silbendehnung, Lippenrundung, rhythmische Integration/ Legato-Rhythmus. N2 - This interactional-linguistic study aims at revealing which prosodic-phonetic resources can be used to make an utterance interpretable as a display of empathy when personal experiences are negotiated in German everyday interaction. Empathy refers to displays of understanding and/ or sympathy and/ or compassion for the emotional situation of the other. It will be shown that, in specific sequential positions, (clusters of) the following prosodic-phonetic resources are possibly relevant to make an utterance interpretable as affect-oriented and 'sympathetic': low and/ or decreasing volume/ diminuendo, low pitch register, flat contours, breathiness, creak, soft articulation, lengthening, lip rounding, rhythmic integration, legato. KW - Empathie KW - Affektivität KW - Verstehen/Verständnis KW - Konversationsanalyse KW - Interaktionale Linguistik KW - Alltagsgespräche Y1 - 2014 UR - http://verlag-gespraechsforschung.de/2014/pdf/kupetz-audio.pdf SN - 978-3-936656-60-2 SP - 87 EP - 114 PB - Verlag für Gesprächsforschung CY - Mannheim ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wiemann, Dirk T1 - (Not) Readily Available : Kiran Nagarkar in the Global Market T2 - Indian Writing in English and the Global Literary Market Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-1-349-49386-9 SP - 180 EP - 197 PB - Palgrave CY - London ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Knoth, Alexander Henning A1 - Kiy, Alexander T1 - (Self-)confident through the introductory study phase with the Reflect App BT - (Self-)confident through the introductory study phase with the Reflect App T2 - CEUR Workshop Proceedings T2 - Selbst-bewusst durch die Studieneingangsphase mit der Reflect-App Y1 - 2014 UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84921875162&partnerID=MN8TOARS SN - 1613-0073 IS - 1227 SP - 172 EP - 179 PB - CEUR-WS CY - Freiburg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiter, Karsten A1 - Heidbach, Oliver T1 - 3-D geomechanical-numerical model of the contemporary crustal stress state in the Alberta Basin (Canada) JF - Solid earth N2 - In the context of examining the potential usage of safe and sustainable geothermal energy in the Alberta Basin, whether in deep sediments or crystalline rock, the understanding of the in situ stress state is crucial. It is a key challenge to estimate the 3-D stress state at an arbitrarily chosen point in the crust, based on sparsely distributed in situ stress data. To address this challenge, we present a large-scale 3-D geomechanical-numerical model (700 km x 1200 km x 80 km) from a large portion of the Alberta Basin, to provide a 3-D continuous quantification of the contemporary stress orientations and stress magnitudes. To calibrate the model, we use a large database of in situ stress orientation (321 S-Hmax) as well as stress magnitude data (981 S-V, 1720 S-hmin and 2 (+11) S-Hmax) from the Alberta Basin. To find the best-fit model, we vary the material properties and primarily the displacement boundary conditions of the model. This study focusses in detail on the statistical calibration procedure, because of the large amount of available data, the diversity of data types, and the importance of the order of data tests. The best-fit model provides the total 3-D stress tensor for nearly the whole Alberta Basin, and allows estimation of stress orientation and stress magnitudes in advance of any well. First-order implications for the well design and configuration of enhanced geothermal systems are revealed. Systematic deviations of the modelled stress from the in situ data are found for stress orientations in the Peace River and the Bow Island Arch as well as for leak-off test magnitudes. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/se-5-1123-2014 SN - 1869-9510 SN - 1869-9529 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 1123 EP - 1149 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Atilaw, Yoseph A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Ndakala, Albert A1 - Akala, Hoseah M. A1 - Kamau, Edwin A1 - Yenesew, Abiy T1 - 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine: A new schizozygane indoline alkaloid from Schizozygia coffaeoides JF - Phytochemistry letters N2 - The stem bark extract of Schizozygia coffaeoides (Apocynaceae) showed moderate antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 8-12 mu g/mL) against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Chromatographic separation of the extract led to the isolation of a new schizozygane indoline alkaloid, named 3-oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine. In addition, two dimeric anthraquinones, cassiamin A and cassiamin B, were identified for the first time in the family Apocynaceae. The structures of the isolated compounds were deduced on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. The schizozygane indole alkaloids showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities (IC50 = 13-52 mu m). (C) 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Schizozygia coffaeoides KW - Schizozygane indoline alkaloid KW - 3-Oxo-14 alpha, 15 alpha-epoxyschizozygine KW - Dimeric anthraquinone KW - Cassiamin A KW - Cassiamin B Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.07.003 SN - 1874-3900 SN - 1876-7486 VL - 10 SP - 28 EP - 31 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarauli, David A1 - Peters, Kristina A1 - Xu, Chenggang A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Dina A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - 3D-Electrode architectures for enhanced direct bioelectrocatalysis of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase JF - ACS applied materials & interfaces N2 - We report on the fabrication of a complex electrode architecture for efficient direct bioelectrocatalysis. In the developed procedure, the redox enzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase entrapped in a sulfonated polyaniline [poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid)-co-aniline] was immobilized on macroporous indium tin oxide (macroITO) electrodes. The use of the 3D-conducting scaffold with a large surface area in combination with the conductive polymer enables immobilization of large amounts of enzyme and its efficient communication with the electrode, leading to enhanced direct bioelectrocatalysis. In the presence of glucose, the fabricated bioelectrodes show an exceptionally high direct bioelectrocatalytical response without any additional mediator. The catalytic current is increased more than 200-fold compared to planar ITO electrodes. Together with a high long-term stability (the current response is maintained for >90% of the initial value even after 2 weeks of storage), the transparent 3D macroITO structure with a conductive polymer represents a valuable basis for the construction of highly efficient bioelectronic units, which are useful as indicators for processes liberating glucose and allowing optical and electrochemical transduction. KW - 3D electrode structures KW - macroITO KW - conductive polymer KW - PQQ-GDH KW - direct bioelectrocatalysis KW - bioelectrochemistry Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/am5046026 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 6 IS - 20 SP - 17887 EP - 17893 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Derese, Solomon A1 - Barasa, Leonard A1 - Akala, Hoseah M. A1 - Yusuf, Amir O. A1 - Kamau, Edwin A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Yenesew, Abiy T1 - 4 '-Prenyloxyderrone from the stem bark of Millettia oblata ssp teitensis and the antiplasmodial activities of isoflavones from some Millettia species JF - Phytochemistry letters N2 - The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1: 1) extract of the stem bark of Millettia oblata ssp. teitensis showed antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 10-12 mu g/mL) against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Chromatographic separation of the extract led to the isolation of a new isoflavone, 4'-prenyloxyderrone (1), together with known isoflavones (8-O-methylretusin, durmillone, maximaisoflavone B, maximaisoflavone H and maximaisoflavone J), a rotenoid (tephrosin) and a triterpene (lupeol). Similar investigation of Millettia leucantha resulted in the identification of the isoflavones afrormosin and wistin, and the flavone chrysin. The identification of these compounds was based on their spectroscopic data. Five of the isoflavones isolated from these plants as well as 11 previously reported compounds from Millettia dura were tested and showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities (IC50 = 13-53 mu M), with the new compound, 4'-prenyloxyderrone, being the most active (IC50 = 13-15 mu M). KW - Millettia oblata ssp teitensis KW - Millettia leucantha KW - Millettia dura; Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.02.001 SN - 1874-3900 SN - 1876-7486 VL - 8 SP - 69 EP - 72 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Muiva-Mutisya, Lois A1 - Macharia, Bernard A1 - Heydenreich, Matthias A1 - Koch, Andreas A1 - Akala, Hoseah M. A1 - Derese, Solomon A1 - Omosa, Leonidah K. A1 - Yusuf, Amir O. A1 - Kamau, Edwin A1 - Yenesew, Abiy T1 - 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol and (+)-tephrodin with antiplasmodial activities from Tephrosia species JF - Phytochemistry letters N2 - The CH2Cl2/MeOH (1: 1) extract of the roots of Tephrosia villosa showed good antiplasmodial activity against the chloroquine-sensitive (D6) and chloroquine-resistant (W2) strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 3.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.3 +/- 0.3 mu g/mL, respectively. Chromatographic separation of the extract yielded a new rotenoid, 6 alpha-hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol, along with five known rotenoids, (rotenone, deguelin, sumatrol, 12 alpha-hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol and villosinol). Similar treatment of the extract of the stem of Tephrosia purpurea (IC50 = 4.1 +/- 0.4 and 1.9 +/- 0.2 mu g/mL against D6 and W2 strains of P. falciparum, respectively) yielded a new flavone having a unique substituent at C-7/C-8 [trivial name (+)-tephrodin], along with the known flavonoids tachrosin, obovatin methyl ether and derrone. The relative configuration and the most stable conformation in (+)-tephrodin was determined by NMR and theoretical energy calculations. The rotenoids and flavones tested showed good to moderate antiplasmodial activities (IC50 = 9 +/- 23 mu M). Whereas the cytotoxicity of rotenoids is known, the flavones (+)-tephrodin and tachrosin did not show significant cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 mu M;) against mammalian African monkey kidney (vero) and human larynx carcinoma (HEp2) cell lines. (C) 2014 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Tephrosia villosa KW - Tephrosia purpurea KW - 6 alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toxicarol KW - (+)-Tephrodin KW - Plasmodium falciparum Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2014.09.002 SN - 1874-3900 SN - 1876-7486 VL - 10 SP - 179 EP - 183 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Schniederjahn, Nina T1 - 60 Jahre EMRK - Versuch einer Bilanz T2 - 60 Jahre Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention : die Konvention als "living instrument" (Schriftenreihe des Menschenrechtszentrums der Universität Potsdam ; Bd. 38) Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-8305-3407-5 SP - 7 EP - 19 PB - Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag CY - Berlin ER - TY - BOOK ED - Zimmermann, Andreas T1 - 60 Jahre Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention - Die Konvention als "living instrument" T3 - Schriftenreihe des Menschenrechtszentrums der Universität Potsdam N2 - 2013 jährte sich das Inkrafttreten der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention zum 60. Mal. Seit ihrem Bestehen hat die Konvention insbesondere durch den auf ihrer Grundlage gegründeten Gerichtshof den Schutz der Menschenrechte in Europa wesentlich gestärkt. Mit ihren mittlerweile 47 Vertragsparteien ist sie zu einem gesamteuropäischen Grundrechtsschutzsystem geworden, dessen Akzeptanz sich nicht zuletzt an den in den vergangenen Jahren rasant gestiegenen Fallzahlen zeigt. Dennoch steht die EMRK auch in der Zukunft vor besonderen Herausforderungen. Dieser Band stellt den Versuch einer Bilanz der vergangenen 60 Jahre dar und enthält die Beiträge der Vortragenden des Workshops „60 Jahre Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention – die Konvention als ‚living instrument‘“, der anlässlich des Jubiläums durch das MenschenRechtsZentrum der Universität Potsdam veranstaltet wurde. Schwerpunktmäßig beschäftigen sich die Beiträge mit der Rechtsfortbildung durch den EGMR, insbesondere mittels einer dynamischen Auslegung der Konvention, der konstitutionellen Dimension der EMRK, der Durchsetzung seiner Urteile sowie dem Reformbedarf aufgrund gestiegener Arbeitsbelastung. KW - Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention <1950 November 4> KW - Kongress KW - Potsdam <2013> Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-3-8305-3407-5 VL - 38 PB - Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag CY - Berlin ET - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Salffner, Katharina A1 - Boehm, Michael A1 - Reich, Oliver A1 - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd T1 - A broadband cavity ring-down spectrometer based on an incoherent near infrared light source JF - Applied physics : B, Lasers and optics Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00340-014-5762-9 SN - 0946-2171 SN - 1432-0649 VL - 116 IS - 4 SP - 785 EP - 792 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stoof-Leichsenring, Kathleen Rosemarie A1 - Bernhardt, Nadine A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Epp, Laura Saskia A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - A combined paleolimnological/genetic analysis of diatoms reveals divergent evolutionary lineages of Staurosira and Staurosirella (Bacillariophyta) in Siberian lake sediments along a latitudinal transect JF - Journal of paleolimnolog N2 - Diatom diversity in lakes of northwest Yakutia (Siberia) was investigated by microscopic and genetic analysis of surface and cored lake sediments, to evaluate the use of sedimentary DNA for paleolimnological diatom studies and to identify obscure genetic diversity that cannot be detected by microscopic methods. Two short (76 and 73 bp) and one longer (577 bp) fragments of the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL) gene, encoding the large subunit of the rbcL, were used as genetic markers. Diverse morphological assemblages of diatoms, dominated by small benthic fragilarioid taxa, were retrieved from the sediments of each lake. These minute fragilarioid taxa were examined by scanning electron microscopy, revealing diverse morphotypes in Staurosira and Staurosirella from the different lakes. Genetic analyses indicated a dominance of haplotypes that were assigned to fragilarioid taxa and less genetic diversity in other diatom taxa. The long rbcL_577 amplicon identified considerable diversification among haplotypes clustering within the Staurosira/Staurosirella genera, revealing 19 different haplotypes whose spatial distribution appears to be primarily related to the latitude of the lakes, which corresponds to a vegetation and climate gradient. Our rbcL markers are valuable tools for tracking differences between diatom lineages that are not visible in their morphologies. These markers revealed putatively high genetic diversity within the Staurosira/Staurosirella species complex, at a finer scale than is possible to resolve by microscopic determination. The rbcL markers may provide additional reliable information on the diversity of barely distinguishable minute benthic fragilarioids. Environmental sequencing may thus allow the tracking of spatial and temporal diversification in Siberian lakes, especially in the context of diatom responses to recent environmental changes, which remains a matter of controversy. KW - Arctic lake sediments KW - Diatoms KW - Environmental DNA KW - Intraspecific variation KW - RbcL Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-014-9779-1 SN - 0921-2728 SN - 1573-0417 VL - 52 IS - 1-2 SP - 77 EP - 93 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zor, K. A1 - Heiskanen, A. A1 - Caviglia, Claudia A1 - Vergani, M. A1 - Landini, E. A1 - Shah, F. A1 - Carminati, Marco A1 - Martinez-Serrano, A. A1 - Ramos Moreno, T. A1 - Kokaia, M. A1 - Benayahu, Dafna A1 - Keresztes, Zs. A1 - Papkovsky, D. A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula A1 - Svendsen, W. E. A1 - Dimaki, M. A1 - Ferrari, G. A1 - Raiteri, R. A1 - Sampietro, M. A1 - Dufva, M. A1 - Emneus, Jenny T1 - A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection JF - RSC Advances N2 - Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12632g SN - 2046-2069 VL - 4 IS - 109 SP - 63761 EP - 63771 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zór, K. A1 - Heiskanen, A. A1 - Caviglia, Claudia A1 - Vergani, M. A1 - Landini, E. A1 - Shah, F. A1 - Carminati, Marco A1 - Martínez-Serrano, A. A1 - Ramos Moreno, T. A1 - Kokaia, M. A1 - Benayahu, Dafna A1 - Keresztes, Zs. A1 - Papkovsky, D. A1 - Wollenberger, Ursula A1 - Svendsen, W. E. A1 - Dimaki, M. A1 - Ferrari, G. A1 - Raiteri, R. A1 - Sampietro, M. A1 - Dufva, M. A1 - Emnéus, J. T1 - A compact multifunctional microfluidic platform for exploring cellular dynamics in real-time using electrochemical detection N2 - Downscaling of microfluidic cell culture and detection devices for electrochemical monitoring has mostly focused on miniaturization of the microfluidic chips which are often designed for specific applications and therefore lack functional flexibility. We present a compact microfluidic cell culture and electrochemical analysis platform with in-built fluid handling and detection, enabling complete cell based assays comprising on-line electrode cleaning, sterilization, surface functionalization, cell seeding, cultivation and electrochemical real-time monitoring of cellular dynamics. To demonstrate the versatility and multifunctionality of the platform, we explored amperometric monitoring of intracellular redox activity in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and detection of exocytotically released dopamine from rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used in both applications for monitoring cell sedimentation and adhesion as well as proliferation in the case of PC12 cells. The influence of flow rate on the signal amplitude in the detection of redox metabolism as well as the effect of mechanical stimulation on dopamine release were demonstrated using the programmable fluid handling capability. The here presented platform is aimed at applications utilizing cell based assays, ranging from e.g. monitoring of drug effects in pharmacological studies, characterization of neural stem cell differentiation, and screening of genetically modified microorganisms to environmental monitoring. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 289 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-99492 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Lange, Ilja A1 - van der Kaap, Niels J. A1 - Koster, L. Jan Anton A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - A conclusive view on charge generation, recombination, and extraction in As-prepared and annealed P3HT:PCBM blends: combined experimental and simulation work JF - dvanced energy materials N2 - Time-delayed collection field (TDCF) and bias-amplified charge extraction (BACE) are applied to as-prepared and annealed poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C-71 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blends coated from chloroform. Despite large differences in fill factor, short-circuit current, and power conversion efficiency, both blends exhibit a negligible dependence of photogeneration on the electric field and strictly bimolecular recombination (BMR) with a weak dependence of the BMR coefficient on charge density. Drift-diffusion simulations are performed using the measured coefficients and mobilities, taking into account bimolecular recombination and the possible effects of surface recombination. The excellent agreement between the simulation and the experimental data for an intensity range covering two orders of magnitude indicates that a field-independent generation rate and a density-independent recombination coefficient describe the current-voltage characteristics of the annealed P3HT: PCBM devices, while the performance of the as-prepared blend is shown to be limited by space charge effects due to a low hole mobility. Finally, even though the bimolecular recombination coefficient is small, surface recombination is found to be a negligible loss mechanism in these solar cells. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201301401 SN - 1614-6832 SN - 1614-6840 VL - 4 IS - 7 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Williams, Daniel A1 - Escudero, Paola T1 - A cross-dialectal acoustic comparison of vowels in Northern and Southern British English JF - The journal of the Acoustical Society of America N2 - This study compares the duration and first two formants (F1 and F2) of 11 nominal monophthongs and five nominal diphthongs in Standard Southern British English (SSBE) and a Northern English dialect. F1 and F2 trajectories were fitted with parametric curves using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the zeroth DCT coefficient represented formant trajectory means and the first DCT coefficient represented the magnitude and direction of formant trajectory change to characterize vowel inherent spectral change (VISC). Cross-dialectal comparisons involving these measures revealed significant differences for the phonologically back monophthongs /D, , , u:/ and also /3z:/ and the diphthongs /eI, e, aI, I/. Most cross-dialectal differences are in zeroth DCT coefficients, suggesting formant trajectory means tend to characterize such differences, while first DCT coefficient differences were more numerous for diphthongs. With respect to VISC, the most striking differences are that /u:/is considerably more diphthongized in the Northern dialect and that the F2 trajectory of /e/proceeds in opposite directions in the two dialects. Cross-dialectal differences were found to be largely unaffected by the consonantal context in which the vowels were produced. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to VISC, consonantal context effects and speech perception. (c) 2014 Acoustical Society of America. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4896471 SN - 0001-4966 SN - 1520-8524 VL - 136 IS - 5 SP - 2751 EP - 2761 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Stephan, Christoph A. T1 - A dark sector extension of the almost-commutative standard model JF - International journal of modern physics : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics N2 - We consider an extension of the Standard Model within the framework of Noncommutative Geometry. The model is based on an older model [C. A. Stephan, Phys. Rev. D 79, 065013 (2009)] which extends the Standard Model by new fermions, a new U(1)-gauge group and, crucially, a new scalar field which couples to the Higgs field. This new scalar field allows to lower the mass of the Higgs mass from similar to 170 GeV, as predicted by the Spectral Action for the Standard Model, to a value of 120-130 GeV. The shortcoming of the previous model lay in its inability to meet all the constraints on the gauge couplings implied by the Spectral Action. These shortcomings are cured in the present model which also features a "dark sector" containing fermions and scalar particles. KW - Noncommutative geometry KW - spectral triple KW - beyond Standard Model KW - Higgs boson KW - scalar fields Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0217751X14500055 SN - 0217-751X SN - 1793-656X VL - 29 IS - 1 PB - World Scientific CY - Singapore ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Naze, Yael A1 - Wang, Q. Daniel A1 - Chu, You-Hua A1 - Gruendl, Robert A1 - Oskinova, Lida T1 - A deep chandra observation of the giant HII region N11. I. x-ray sorces in the field JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Supplement series N2 - A very sensitive X-ray investigation of the giant HII region N11 in the Large Megallanic Cloud was performed using the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The 300 ks observation reveals X-ray sources with luminosities down to 10(32) erg s(-1), increasing the number of known point sources in the field by more than a factor of five. Among these detections are 13 massive stars (3 compact groups of massive stars, 9 O stars, and one early B star) with log(L-X/L-BOL) similar to -6.5 to -7, which may suggest that they are highly magnetic or colliding-wind systems. On the other hand, the stacked signal for regions corresponding to undetected O stars yields log(L-X/L-BOL) similar to -7.3, i.e., an emission level comparable to similar Galactic stars despite the lower metallicity. Other point sources coincide with 11 foreground stars, 6 late-B/A stars in N11, and many background objects. This observation also uncovers the extent and detailed spatial properties of the soft, diffuse emission regions, but the presence of some hotter plasma in their spectra suggests contamination by the unresolved stellar population. KW - galaxies: star clusters: general KW - ISM: individual objects (LMC N11) KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - X-rays: stars Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/0067-0049/213/2/23 SN - 0067-0049 SN - 1538-4365 VL - 213 IS - 2 PB - IOP Publ. Ltd. CY - Bristol ER - TY - THES A1 - Muksin, Umar T1 - A fault-controlled geothermal system in Tarutung (North Sumatra, Indonesia)investigated by seismological analysis N2 - The seismic structure (Vp, Vp/Vs, and Qp anomalies) contributes to the physical properties and the lithology of rocks and possible fluid distribution in the region. The Vp model images the geometry of the Tarutung and the Sarulla basins. Both basins have a depth of around 2.0 km. High Vp/Vs and high attenuation (low Qp) anomalies are observed along the Sarulla graben associated with a weak zone caused by volcanic activities along the graben. Low Vp/Vs and low conductivity anomalies are found in the west of the Tarutung basin. This anomaly is interpreted as dry, compact, and rigid granitic rock in the region as also found by geological observations. Low Vp, high Vp/Vs and low Qp anomalies are found at the east of the Tarutung basin which appear to be associated with the three big geothermal manifestations in Sipoholon, Hutabarat, and Panabungan area. These anomalies are connected with high Vp/Vs and low Qp anomalies below the Tarutung basin at depth of around 3 - 10 km. This suggests that these geothermal manifestations are fed by the same source of the hot fluid below the Tarutung basin. The hot fluids from below the Tarutung basin propagate to the more dilatational and more permeable zone in the northeast. Granite found in the west of the Tarutung basin could also be abundant underneath the basin at a certain depth so that it prevents the hot fluid to be transported directly to the Tarutung basin. High seismic attenuation and low Vp/Vs anomalies are found in the southwest of the Tarutung basin below the Martimbang volcano. These anomalies are associated with hot rock below the volcano without or with less amount of partial melting. There is no indication that the volcano controls the geothermal system around the Tarutung basin. The geothermal resources around the Tarutung basin is a fault-controlled system as a result of deep circulation of fluids. Outside of the basin, the seismicity delineation and the focal mechanism correlate with the shape and the characteristics of the strike-slip Sumatran fault. Within the Tarutung basin, the seismicity is distributed more broadly which coincides with the margin of the basin. An extensional duplex system in the Tarutung basin is derived from the seismicity and focal mechanism analysis which is also consistent with the geological observations. The vertical distribution of the seismicity suggests the presence of a negative flower structure within the Tarutung basin. N2 - Indonesien zählt zu den weltweit führenden Ländern bei der Nutzung von geothermischer Energie. Die geothermischen Energiequellen sind im Wesentlichen an den aktiven Vulkanismus gebunden, der durch die Prozesse an der indonesischen Subduktionszone verursacht wird. Darüber hinaus sind geotektonische Strukturen wie beispielsweise die Sumatra-Störung als verstärkende Faktoren für das geothermische Potenzial von Bedeutung. Bei der geophysikalischen Erkundung der indonesischen Geothermie-Ressourcen konzentrierte man sich bisher vor allem auf die Magnetotellurik. Passive Seismologie wurde dahingegen ausschließlich für die Überwachung von im Betrieb befindlichen Geothermie-Anlagen verwendet. Jüngste Untersuchungungen z.B. in Island und in den USA haben jedoch gezeigt, dass seismologische Verfahren bereits in der Erkundungsphase wichtige Informationen zu den physikalischen Eigenschaften, zum Spannungsfeld und zu möglichen Fluid- und Wärmetransportwegen liefern können. In der vorgelegten Doktorarbeit werden verschiedene moderne Methoden der passiven Seismologie verwendet, um beispielhaft ein neues, von der indonesischen Regierung für zukünftige geothermische Energiegewinnung ausgewiesenes Gebiet im nördlichen Teil Sumatras (Indonesien) zu erkunden. Die konkreten Ziele der Untersuchungen umfassten (1) die Ableitung von 3D Strukturmodellen der P- und S-Wellen Geschwindigkeiten (Parameter Vp und Vs), (2) die Bestimmung der Absorptionseigenschaften (Parameter Qp), und (3) die Kartierung und Charakterisierung von Störungssystemen auf der Grundlage der Seismizitätsverteilung und der Herdflächenlösungen. Für diese Zwecke habe ich zusammen mit Kollegen ein seismologisches Netzwerk in Tarutung (Sumatra) aufgebaut und über einen Zeitraum von 10 Monaten (Mai 2011 – Februar 2012) betrieben. Insgesamt wurden hierbei 42 Stationen (jeweils ausgestattet mit EDL-Datenlogger, 3-Komponenten, 1 Hz Seismometer) über eine Fläche von etwa 35 x 35 km verteilt. Mit dem Netzwerk wurden im gesamten Zeitraum 2568 lokale Erdbeben registriert. Die integrierte Betrachtung der Ergebnisse aus den verschiedenen Teilstudien (Tomographie, Erdbebenverteilung) erlaubt neue Einblicke in die generelle geologische Stukturierung sowie eine Eingrenzung von Bereichen mit einem erhöhten geothermischen Potenzial. Das tomographische Vp-Modell ermöglicht eine Bestimmung der Geometrie von Sedimentbecken entlang der Sumatra-Störung. Für die Geothermie besonders interessant ist der Bereich nordwestlich des Tarutung-Beckens. Die dort abgebildeten Anomalien (erhöhtes Vp/Vs, geringes Qp) habe ich als mögliche Aufstiegswege von warmen Fluiden interpretiert. Die scheinbar asymetrische Verteilung der Anomalien wird hierbei im Zusammenhang mit der Seismizitätsverteilung, der Geometrie der Beben-Bruchflächen, sowie struktur-geologischen Modellvorstellungen diskutiert. Damit werden wesentliche Informationen für die Planung einer zukünftigen geothermischen Anlage bereitgestellt. T2 - Seismologische Untersuchungen eines Störungs-kontrollierten geothermischen Systems in Tarutung (Nord-Sumatra, Indonesien) KW - Tarutung KW - Sumatra Störung KW - Absorptionseigenschaften KW - seismische Geschwindigkeiten KW - Tarutung KW - Sumatra fault KW - attenuation tomography KW - velocity structure Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72065 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brothers, Soren M. A1 - Koehler, J. A1 - Attermeyer, Katrin A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Mehner, T. A1 - Meyer, N. A1 - Scharnweber, Inga Kristin A1 - Hilt, Sabine T1 - A feedback loop links brownification and anoxia in a temperate, shallow lake JF - Limnology and oceanography N2 - This study examines a natural, rapid, fivefold increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in a temperate shallow lake, describing the processes by which increased DOC resulted in anoxic conditions and altered existing carbon cycling pathways. High precipitation for two consecutive years led to rising water levels and the flooding of adjacent degraded peatlands. Leaching from the flooded soils provided an initial increase in DOC concentrations (from a 2010 mean of 12 +/- 1 mg L-1 to a maximum concentration of 53 mg L-1 by June 2012). Increasing water levels, DOC, and phytoplankton concentrations reduced light reaching the sediment surface, eliminating most benthic primary production and promoting anoxia in the hypolimnion. From January to June 2012 there was a sudden increase in total phosphorus (from 57 mg L-1 to 216 mg L-1), DOC (from 24.6 mg L-1 to 53 mg L-1), and iron (from 0.12 mg L-1 to 1.07 mg L-1) concentrations, without any further large fluxes in water levels. We suggest that anoxic conditions at the sediment surface and flooded soils produced a dramatic release of these chemicals that exacerbated brownification and eutrophication, creating anoxic conditions that persisted roughly 6 months below a water depth of 1 m and extended periodically to the water surface. This brownification-anoxia feedback loop resulted in a near-complete loss of macroinvertebrate and fish populations, and increased surface carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by an order of magnitude relative to previous years. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2014.59.4.1388 SN - 0024-3590 SN - 1939-5590 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 1388 EP - 1398 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meyners, Christian A1 - Wawrzinek, Robert A1 - Kraemer, Andreas A1 - Hinz, Steffen A1 - Wessig, Pablo A1 - Meyer-Almes, Franz-Josef T1 - A fluorescence lifetime-based binding assay for acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole (DBD) ligand probe JF - Analytical & bioanalytical chemistry N2 - High-throughput assays for drug screening applications have to fulfill particular specifications. Besides the capability to identify even compounds with low potency, one of the major issues is to minimize the number of false-positive hits in a screening campaign in order to reduce the logistic effort for the subsequent cherry picking and confirmation procedure. In this respect, fluorescence lifetime (FLT) appears as an ideal readout parameter that is supposed to be robust against autofluorescent and light-absorbing compounds, the most common source of systematic false positives. The extraordinary fluorescence features of the recently discovered [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f][1,3]benzodioxole dyes were exploited to develop an FLT-based binding assay with exceptionally robust readout. The assay setup was comprehensively validated and shown to comply not only with all requirements for a powerful high-throughput screening assay but also to be suitable to determine accurate binding constants for inhibitors against enzymes of the histone deacetylase family. Using the described binding assay, the first inhibitors against three members of this enzyme family from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were identified. The compounds were characterized in terms of potency and selectivity profile. The novel ligand probe should also be applicable to other homologues of the histone deacetylase family that are inhibited by N-hydroxy-N'-phenyloctandiamide. KW - Histone deacetylases KW - Acetylpolyamine amidohydrolases KW - Fluorescence life time KW - Binding assay KW - Pseudomonas aeruginosa Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-7886-5 SN - 1618-2642 SN - 1618-2650 VL - 406 IS - 20 SP - 4889 EP - 4897 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yang, Haojin A1 - Quehl, Bernhard A1 - Sack, Harald T1 - A framework for improved video text detection and recognition JF - Multimedia tools and applications : an international journal N2 - Text displayed in a video is an essential part for the high-level semantic information of the video content. Therefore, video text can be used as a valuable source for automated video indexing in digital video libraries. In this paper, we propose a workflow for video text detection and recognition. In the text detection stage, we have developed a fast localization-verification scheme, in which an edge-based multi-scale text detector first identifies potential text candidates with high recall rate. Then, detected candidate text lines are refined by using an image entropy-based filter. Finally, Stroke Width Transform (SWT)- and Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based verification procedures are applied to eliminate the false alarms. For text recognition, we have developed a novel skeleton-based binarization method in order to separate text from complex backgrounds to make it processible for standard OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software. Operability and accuracy of proposed text detection and binarization methods have been evaluated by using publicly available test data sets. KW - Video OCR KW - Video indexing KW - Multimedia retrieval Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-012-1250-6 SN - 1380-7501 SN - 1573-7721 VL - 69 IS - 1 SP - 217 EP - 245 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baroni, Gabriele A1 - Tarantola, S. T1 - A general probabilistic framework for uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis of deterministic models: A hydrological case study JF - Environmental modelling & software with environment data news N2 - The present study proposes a General Probabilistic Framework (GPF) for uncertainty and global sensitivity analysis of deterministic models in which, in addition to scalar inputs, non-scalar and correlated inputs can be considered as well. The analysis is conducted with the variance-based approach of Sobol/Saltelli where first and total sensitivity indices are estimated. The results of the framework can be used in a loop for model improvement, parameter estimation or model simplification. The framework is applied to SWAP, a 113 hydrological model for the transport of water, solutes and heat in unsaturated and saturated soils. The sources of uncertainty are grouped in five main classes: model structure (soil discretization), input (weather data), time-varying (crop) parameters, scalar parameters (soil properties) and observations (measured soil moisture). For each source of uncertainty, different realizations are created based on direct monitoring activities. Uncertainty of evapotranspiration, soil moisture in the root zone and bottom fluxes below the root zone are considered in the analysis. The results show that the sources of uncertainty are different for each output considered and it is necessary to consider multiple output variables for a proper assessment of the model. Improvements on the performance of the model can be achieved reducing the uncertainty in the observations, in the soil parameters and in the weather data. Overall, the study shows the capability of the GPF to quantify the relative contribution of the different sources of uncertainty and to identify the priorities required to improve the performance of the model. The proposed framework can be extended to a wide variety of modelling applications, also when direct measurements of model output are not available. KW - Global sensitivity analysis KW - Non-scalar input factors KW - Hydrological model KW - Multi-variables Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.09.022 SN - 1364-8152 SN - 1873-6726 VL - 51 SP - 26 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wang, Yongbo A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Liu, Xingqi A1 - Korup, Oliver A1 - Diekmann, Bernhard T1 - A high-resolution sedimentary archive from landslide-dammed Lake Mengda, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau JF - Journal of paleolimnolog N2 - Lacustrine sediments have been widely used to investigate past climatic and environmental changes on millennial to seasonal time scales. Sedimentary archives of lakes in mountainous regions may also record non-climatic events such as earthquakes. We argue herein that a set of 64 annual laminae couplets reconciles a stratigraphically inconsistent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 chronology in a similar to 4-m-long sediment core from Lake Mengda, in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. The laminations suggest the lake was formed by a large landslide, triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake (M = 8.0). The lake sediment sequence can be separated into three units based on lithologic, sedimentary, and isotopic characteristics. Starting from the bottom of the sequence, these are: (1) unweathered, coarse, sandy valley-floor deposits or landslide debris that pre-date the lake, (2) landslide-induced, fine-grained soil or reworked landslide debris with a high organic content, and (3) lacustrine sediments with low organic content and laminations. These annual laminations provide a high-resolution record of anthropogenic and environmental changes during the twentieth century, recording enhanced sediment input associated with two phases of construction activities. The high mean sedimentation rates of up to 4.8 mm year(-1) underscore the potential for reconstructing such distinct sediment pulses in remote, forested, and seemingly undisturbed mountain catchments. KW - Earthquake KW - Landslide KW - Natural dam KW - Tibetan Plateau Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9666-6 SN - 0921-2728 SN - 1573-0417 VL - 51 IS - 2 SP - 303 EP - 312 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zoltán, Péteri ED - Badó, Attila ED - Belling, Detlev W. ED - Bóka, János ED - Mezei, Péter T1 - A jogösszehasonlítás kezdetei és első lépései az MTA Állam- és Jogtudományi Intézetében JF - Internationale Konferenz zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Instituts für Rechtsvergleichung der Universität Szeged Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-73807 IS - 1 SP - 269 EP - 275 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Wallenta, Daniel T1 - A Lefschetz fixed point formula for elliptic quasicomplexes T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - In a recent paper, the Lefschetz number for endomorphisms (modulo trace class operators) of sequences of trace class curvature was introduced. We show that this is a well defined, canonical extension of the classical Lefschetz number and establish the homotopy invariance of this number. Moreover, we apply the results to show that the Lefschetz fixed point formula holds for geometric quasiendomorphisms of elliptic quasicomplexes. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 885 KW - elliptic complexes KW - Fredholm complexes KW - Lefschetz number Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435471 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 885 SP - 577 EP - 587 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wallenta, Daniel T1 - A Lefschetz fixed point formula for elliptic quasicomplexes JF - Integral equations and operator theor N2 - In a recent paper, the Lefschetz number for endomorphisms (modulo trace class operators) of sequences of trace class curvature was introduced. We show that this is a well defined, canonical extension of the classical Lefschetz number and establish the homotopy invariance of this number. Moreover, we apply the results to show that the Lefschetz fixed point formula holds for geometric quasiendomorphisms of elliptic quasicomplexes. KW - Elliptic complexes KW - Fredholm complexes KW - Lefschetz number Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00020-014-2122-4 SN - 0378-620X SN - 1420-8989 VL - 78 IS - 4 SP - 577 EP - 587 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiemann, Dirk ED - Lange, Bernd-Peter ED - Bartels, Anke T1 - A Little Piece of the Shire BT - Some Versions of the Hobbit Garden JF - Hard times : deutsch-englische Zeitschrift Y1 - 2014 VL - 2014 IS - 95 SP - 24 EP - 27 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Riggelsen, Carsten A1 - Ohrnberger, Matthias T1 - A machine learning approach for improving the detection capabilities at 3C Seismic Stations JF - Pure and applied geophysics N2 - We apply and evaluate a recent machine learning method for the automatic classification of seismic waveforms. The method relies on Dynamic Bayesian Networks (DBN) and supervised learning to improve the detection capabilities at 3C seismic stations. A time-frequency decomposition provides the basis for the required signal characteristics we need in order to derive the features defining typical "signal" and "noise" patterns. Each pattern class is modeled by a DBN, specifying the interrelationships of the derived features in the time-frequency plane. Subsequently, the models are trained using previously labeled segments of seismic data. The DBN models can now be compared against in order to determine the likelihood of new incoming seismic waveform segments to be either signal or noise. As the noise characteristics of seismic stations varies smoothly in time (seasonal variation as well as anthropogenic influence), we accommodate in our approach for a continuous adaptation of the DBN model that is associated with the noise class. Given the difficulty for obtaining a golden standard for real data (ground truth) the proof of concept and evaluation is shown by conducting experiments based on 3C seismic data from the International Monitoring Stations, BOSA and LPAZ. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-012-0592-3 SN - 0033-4553 SN - 1420-9136 VL - 171 IS - 3-5 SP - 395 EP - 411 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Kamprath, Martin T1 - A microfoundations perspectives on fresight and business models BT - Competence development and business model design in times of digital industry transformation Y1 - 2014 ER - TY - THES A1 - Mauri, Marco T1 - A model for sigma factor competition in bacterial cells N2 - Bacteria respond to changing environmental conditions by switching the global pattern of expressed genes. In response to specific environmental stresses the cell activates several stress-specific molecules such as sigma factors. They reversibly bind the RNA polymerase to form the so-called holoenzyme and direct it towards the appropriate stress response genes. In exponentially growing E. coli cells, the majority of the transcriptional activity is carried out by the housekeeping sigma factor, while stress responses are often under the control of alternative sigma factors. Different sigma factors compete for binding to a limited pool of RNA polymerase (RNAP) core enzymes, providing a mechanism for cross talk between genes or gene classes via the sharing of expression machinery. To quantitatively analyze the contribution of sigma factor competition to global changes in gene expression, we develop a thermodynamic model that describes binding between sigma factors and core RNAP at equilibrium, transcription, non-specific binding to DNA and the modulation of the availability of the molecular components. Association of housekeeping sigma factor to RNAP is generally favored by its abundance and higher binding affinity to the core. In order to promote transcription by alternative sigma subunits, the bacterial cell modulates the transcriptional efficiency in a reversible manner through several strategies such as anti-sigma factors, 6S RNA and generally any kind of transcriptional regulators (e.g. activators or inhibitors). By shifting the outcome of sigma factor competition for the core, these modulators bias the transcriptional program of the cell. The model is validated by comparison with in vitro competition experiments, with which excellent agreement is found. We observe that transcription is affected via the modulation of the concentrations of the different types of holoenzymes, so saturated promoters are only weakly affected by sigma factor competition. However, in case of overlapping promoters or promoters recognized by two types of sigma factors, we find that even saturated promoters are strongly affected. Active transcription effectively lowers the affinity between the sigma factor driving it and the core RNAP, resulting in complex cross talk effects and raising the question of how their in vitro measure is relevant in the cell. We also estimate that sigma factor competition is not strongly affected by non-specific binding of core RNAPs, sigma factors, and holoenzymes to DNA. Finally, we analyze the role of increased core RNAP availability upon the shut-down of ribosomal RNA transcription during stringent response. We find that passive up-regulation of alternative sigma-dependent transcription is not only possible, but also displays hypersensitivity based on the sigma factor competition. Our theoretical analysis thus provides support for a significant role of passive control during that global switch of the gene expression program and gives new insights into RNAP partitioning in the cell. N2 - Bakterien reagieren auf Aenderungen in ihren Umgebungsbedingungen indem sie global das Genexpressionsprogramm umschalten. Die Zelle aktiviert, als spezifische Reaktion auf Stressbedingungen, mehrere charakteristische Molekuele wie zum Beispiel die Sigmafaktoren. Diese binden reversibel an die RNA Polymerase (RNAP), mit der sie einen Komplex bilden das sogenannte Holoenzym und steuern sie als Reaktion auf den Stress zu den entsprechenden Genen. In exponentiell wachsenden E. Coli Zellen wird das Meiste der Transkription von einem sogenannten Haushaltssigmafaktor organisiert. Wohingegen Stressreaktionen haeufig von alternativen Sigmafaktoren kontrolliert werden. Die verschiedenen Sigmafaktoren konkurrieren um einen begrenzten Pool von RNAP Coreenzymen, womit die Expression einzelner Gene oder Genklassen beeinflusst wird, da sie sich die Maschienerie teilen. Um den Beitrag der Sigmafaktorkonkurrenz an der gesamten Veraenderung der Genexpression quantitativ zu analysieren, haben wir ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, welches das Binden von Sigmafaktoren mit RNAP Coreenzymen im gleichgewicht, die Transkription, das nichtspezifische Binden an die DNA sowie die Modulation verfuegbarer molekularer Komponenten beschreibt. Normalerweise wird die Assoziation des Haushaltssigmafaktors mit dem RNAP Coreenzym beguenstigt durch dessen grosse Anzahl und die hohe Bindungsaffinitaet. Daher nutzen bakterielle Zellen verschiedene, reversibele Strategien um die Transkription durch alternative Holoenzyme zu foerdern. Dazu gehoeren Anti-Sigmafaktoren, 6S RNA und generell beliebige Transkriptionsregulatoren (z.B.: Aktivatoren oder Repressoren). Sie beeinflussen das Transkriptionsprogramm der Zelle indem sie das Resultat der Sigmafaktorkonkurrenz um die RNAP Coreenzyme zugunsten eines der Sigmafaktoren verschieben. Das Modell kann validiert werden durch Vergleiche mit in vitro Konkurrenzexperimenten, die exzellente uebereinstimmung zeigen. Wir koennen feststellen, dass die Transkription durch Konzentrationsaenderungen der verschiedenen Holoenzyme beeinflusst wird, daher ist der Effekt der Sigmafaktorkonkurrenz klein bei saturierten Promotoren. Was sich jedoch aendert bei sich ueberlappenden Promotoren oder Promotoren, die von zwei verschiedenen Sigmafaktoren erkannt werden. In diesen Faellen sehen wir einen grossen Effekt. Transkription fuehrt zu effektiv abgesekten Affinitaet zwischen den zugehoerigen Sigmafaktoren und den RNAP Coreenzymen, was zu komplizierten Verhalten fuehrt und die Frage aufwirft, inwieweit in vitro gemessenen Effekte in der Zelle wiederzufinden sind. Wir koennen den Einfluss nichtspezifischen Bindens der RNAPs, der Sigmafaktoren und der Holoenzyme an die DNA abschaetzen. Als letztes analysieren wir die Konkurrenz waehrend der "Stringent Response". Hierbei wird die Transkription der ribosomalen RNA unterbrochen was die Anzahl der freien RNAP Coreenzyme stark erhoeht. Wir sehen, dass das passive Hochregeln des alternativen sigmafaktorabhaengigen Transkriptionsprogramms durch Sigmafaktorkokurrenz moeglich und sogar hypersensitiv ist. Unsere theoretische Analyse zeigt, dass die passive Kontrolle in diesem Fall eine signifikante Rolle im globalen umschalten des Transkriptionsprogramms spielt und liefert neue Erkenntnisse zur RNAP Partitionierung in der Zelle. T2 - Ein Modell für die Konkurrenz zwischen Sigmafaktoren in Bakterienzellen KW - biophysics KW - systems biology KW - gene regulation KW - stress response KW - Biophysik KW - Systembiologie KW - Genregulation KW - Stressantwort Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-72098 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruegel, Andre A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - A model of saccadic landing positions in reading under the influence of sensory noise JF - Visual cognition KW - Bayesian estimation KW - Word boundaries KW - Saccade planning KW - Mathematical model KW - Eye movements during reading Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.894166 SN - 1350-6285 SN - 1464-0716 VL - 22 IS - 3-4 SP - 334 EP - 353 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Meier, Patrick A1 - Kriegel, Hendrik A1 - Motschmann, Uwe A1 - Schmidt, Jürgen A1 - Spahn, Frank A1 - Hill, Thomas W. A1 - Dong, Yaxue A1 - Jones, Geraint H. T1 - A model of the spatial and size distribution of Enceladus' dust plume JF - Planetary and space science KW - Enceladus KW - Plume KW - Nanograins KW - Cassini KW - Tail Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2014.09.016 SN - 0032-0633 VL - 104 SP - 216 EP - 233 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baeten, Lander A1 - Warton, David I. A1 - Van Calster, Hans A1 - De Frenne, Pieter A1 - Verstraeten, Gorik A1 - Bonte, Dries A1 - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus A1 - Cornelis, Johnny A1 - Decocq, Guillaume A1 - Eriksson, Ove A1 - Hedl, Radim A1 - Heinken, Thilo A1 - Hermy, Martin A1 - Hommel, Patrick A1 - Kirby, Keith J. A1 - Naaf, Tobias A1 - Petrik, Petr A1 - Walther, Gian-Reto A1 - Wulf, Monica A1 - Verheyen, Kris T1 - A model-based approach to studying changes in compositional heterogeneity JF - Methods in ecology and evolution : an official journal of the British Ecological Society Y1 - 2014 SN - 2041-210X SN - 2041-2096 VL - 5 IS - 2 SP - 156 EP - 164 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tian, Fang A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Telford, Richard J. A1 - Mischke, Steffen A1 - Van der Meeren, Thijs A1 - Krengel, Michael T1 - A modern pollen-climate calibration set from central-western Mongolia and its application to a late glacial-Holocene record JF - Journal of biogeography N2 - AimFossil pollen spectra from lake sediments in central and western Mongolia have been used to interpret past climatic variations, but hitherto no suitable modern pollen-climate calibration set has been available to infer past climate changes quantitatively. We established such a modern pollen dataset and used it to develop a transfer function model that we applied to a fossil pollen record in order to investigate: (1) whether there was a significant moisture response to the Younger Dryas event in north-western Mongolia; and (2) whether the early Holocene was characterized by dry or wet climatic conditions. LocationCentral and western Mongolia. MethodsWe analysed pollen data from surface sediments from 90 lakes. A transfer function for mean annual precipitation (P-ann) was developed with weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS) and applied to a fossil pollen record from Lake Bayan Nuur (49.98 degrees N, 93.95 degrees E, 932m a.s.l.). Statistical approaches were used to investigate the modern pollen-climate relationships and assess model performance and reconstruction output. ResultsRedundancy analysis shows that the modern pollen spectra are characteristic of their respective vegetation types and local climate. Spatial autocorrelation and significance tests of environmental variables show that the WA-PLS model for P-ann is the most valid function for our dataset, and possesses the lowest root mean squared error of prediction. Main conclusionsPrecipitation is the most important predictor of pollen and vegetation distributions in our study area. Our quantitative climate reconstruction indicates a dry Younger Dryas, a relatively dry early Holocene, a wet mid-Holocene and a dry late Holocene. KW - Central-western Mongolia KW - Lake Bayan Nuur KW - modern pollen KW - ordination KW - palaeoclimate reconstruction KW - palaeoecology KW - transfer functions KW - WA-PLS KW - Younger Dryas Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12338 SN - 0305-0270 SN - 1365-2699 VL - 41 IS - 10 SP - 1909 EP - 1922 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cao, Xianyong A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike A1 - Telford, Richard J. A1 - Ni, Jian T1 - A modern pollen-climate dataset from China and Mongolia: assessing its potential for climate reconstruction JF - Review of palaeobotany and palynology : an international journal N2 - A modern pollen dataset from China and Mongolia (18-52 degrees N, 74-132 degrees E) is investigated for its potential use in climate reconstructions. The dataset includes 2559 samples, 229 terrestrial pollen taxa and four climatic variables - mean annual precipitation (P-ann): 35-2091 mm, mean annual temperature (T-ann): -12.1-25.8 degrees C, mean temperature in the coldest month (Mt(co).): -33.8-21.7 degrees C, and mean temperature in the warmest month (Mt(wa)): 03-29.8 degrees C. Modern pollen-climate relationships are assessed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), Huisman-Olff-Fresco (HOF) models, the modern analogue technique (MAT), and weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS). Results indicate that P-ann is the most important climatic determinant of pollen distribution and the most promising climate variable for reconstructions, as assessed by the coefficient of determination between observed and predicted environmental values (r(2)) and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). Mt(co) and Mt(wa) may be reconstructed too, but with caution. Samples from different depositional environments influence the performance of cross-validation differently, with samples from lake sediment-surfaces and moss polsters having the best fit with the lowest RMSEP. The better model performances of MAT are most probably caused by spatial autocorrelation. Accordingly, the WA-PLS models of this dataset are deemed most suitable for reconstructing past climate quantitatively because of their more reliable predictive power. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Calibration KW - Huisman-Olff-Fresco models KW - MAT KW - Pollen-climate transfer function KW - Spatial autocorrelation KW - WA-PLS Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2014.08.007 SN - 0034-6667 SN - 1879-0615 VL - 211 SP - 87 EP - 96 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph-Mohr, Nicole A1 - Vontobel, Peter A1 - Oswald, Sascha T1 - A multi-imaging approach to study the root-soil interface JF - Annals of botany N2 - Background and Aims Dynamic processes occurring at the soil-root interface crucially influence soil physical, chemical and biological properties at a local scale around the roots, and are technically challenging to capture in situ. This study presents a novel multi-imaging approach combining fluorescence and neutron radiography that is able to simultaneously monitor root growth, water content distribution, root respiration and root exudation. Methods Germinated seeds of white lupins (Lupinus albus) were planted in boron-free glass rhizotrons. After 11 d, the rhizotrons were wetted from the bottom and time series of fluorescence and neutron images were taken during the subsequent day and night cycles for 13 d. The following day (i.e. 25 d after planting) the rhizotrons were again wetted from the bottom and the measurements were repeated. Fluorescence sensor foils were attached to the inner sides of the glass and measurements of oxygen and pH were made on the basis of fluorescence intensity. The experimental set-up allowed for simultaneous fluorescence imaging and neutron radiography. Key Results The interrelated patterns of root growth and distribution in the soil, root respiration, exudation and water uptake could all be studied non-destructively and at high temporal and spatial resolution. The older parts of the root system with greater root-length density were associated with fast decreases of water content and rapid changes in oxygen concentration. pH values around the roots located in areas with low soil water content were significantly lower than the rest of the root system. Conclusions The results suggest that the combined imaging set-up developed here, incorporating fluorescence intensity measurements, is able to map important biogeochemical parameters in the soil around living plants with a spatial resolution that is sufficiently high enough to relate the patterns observed to the root system. KW - Roots KW - soil-root interaction KW - root distribution KW - Lupinus albus KW - lupin KW - pH dynamics KW - oxygen dynamics KW - soil water distribution KW - rhizosphere KW - fluorescence imaging KW - neutron radiography Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcu200 SN - 0305-7364 SN - 1095-8290 VL - 114 IS - 8 SP - 1779 EP - 1787 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - GEN A1 - Sarauli, David A1 - Xu, Chenggang A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - A multilayered sulfonated polyaniline network with entrapped pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase BT - tunable direct bioelectrocatalysis N2 - A feasible approach to construct multilayer films of sulfonated polyanilines – PMSA1 and PABMSA1 – containing different ratios of aniline, 2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid (MAS) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (AB), with the entrapped redox enzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) on Au and ITO electrode surfaces, is described. The formation of layers has been followed and confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which demonstrates that the multilayer assembly can be achieved in a progressive and uniform manner. The gold and ITO electrodes subsequently modified with PMSA1:PQQ-GDH and PABMSA1 films are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy which show a significant direct bioelectrocatalytical response to the oxidation of the substrate glucose without any additional mediator. This response correlates linearly with the number of deposited layers. Furthermore, the constructed polymer/enzyme multilayer system exhibits a rather good long-term stability, since the catalytic current response is maintained for more than 60% of the initial value even after two weeks of storage. This verifies that a productive interaction of the enzyme embedded in the film of substituted polyaniline can be used as a basis for the construction of bioelectronic units, which are useful as indicators for processes liberating glucose and allowing optical and electrochemical transduction. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 275 Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-98744 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sarauli, David A1 - Xu, Chenggang A1 - Dietzel, Birgit A1 - Schulz, Burkhard A1 - Lisdat, Fred T1 - A multilayered sulfonated polyaniline network with entrapped pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase: tunable direct bioelectrocatalysis JF - Journal of materials chemistry : B, Materials for biology and medicine N2 - A feasible approach to construct multilayer films of sulfonated polyanilines - PMSA1 and PABMSA1 containing different ratios of aniline, 2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid (MAS) and 3-aminobenzoic acid (AB), with the entrapped redox enzyme pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (PQQ-GDH) on Au and ITO electrode surfaces, is described. The formation of layers has been followed and confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which demonstrates that the multilayer assembly can be achieved in a progressive and uniform manner. The gold and ITO electrodes subsequently modified with PMSA1:PQQ-GDH and PABMSA1 films are studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-Vis spectroscopy which show a significant direct bioelectrocatalytical response to the oxidation of the substrate glucose without any additional mediator. This response correlates linearly with the number of deposited layers. Furthermore, the constructed polymer/enzyme multilayer system exhibits a rather good long-term stability, since the catalytic current response is maintained for more than 60% of the initial value even after two weeks of storage. This verifies that a productive interaction of the enzyme embedded in the film of substituted polyaniline can be used as a basis for the construction of bioelectronic units, which are useful as indicators for processes liberating glucose and allowing optical and electrochemical transduction. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c4tb00336e SN - 2050-750X SN - 2050-7518 VL - 2 IS - 21 SP - 3196 EP - 3203 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - THES A1 - Giordano, Cristina T1 - A neglected world: transition metal nitride and metal carbide based nanostructures T1 - Eine vernachlässigte Welt: Übergangsmetallnitrid- und Metallcarbid-basierte Nanostrukturen BT - novel synthesis and future perspectives BT - neuartige Synthese und Zukunftsperspektiven N2 - Potentiality of nanosized materials has been largely proved but a closer look shows that a significant percentage of this research is related to oxides and metals, while the number drastically drops for metallic ceramics, namely transition metal nitrides and metal carbides. The lack of related publications do not reflect their potential but rather the difficulties related to their synthesis as dense and defect-free structures, fundamental prerequisites for advanced mechanical applications. The present habilitation work aims to close the gap between preparation and processing, indicating novel synthetic pathways for a simpler and sustainable synthesis of transition metal nitride (MN) and carbide (MC) based nanostructures and easier processing thereafter. In spite of simplicity and reliability, the designed synthetic processes allow the production of functional materials, with the demanded size and morphology. The goal was achieved exploiting classical and less-classical precursors, ranging from common metal salts and molecules (e.g. urea, gelatin, agar, etc), to more exotic materials, such as leafs, filter paper and even wood. It was found that the choice of precursors and reaction conditions makes it possible to control chemical composition (going for instance from metal oxides to metal oxy-nitrides to metal nitrides, or from metal nitrides to metal carbides, up to quaternary systems), size (from 5 to 50 nm) and morphology (going from mere spherical nanoparticles to rod-like shapes, fibers, layers, meso-porous and hierarchical structures, etc). The nature of the mixed precursors also allows the preparation of metal nitrides/carbides based nanocomposites, thus leading to multifunctional materials (e.g. MN/MC@C, MN/MC@PILs, etc) but also allowing dispersion in liquid media. Control over composition, size and morphology is obtained with simple adjustment of the main route, but also coupling it with processes such as electrospin, aerosol spray, bio-templating, etc. Last but not least, the nature of the precursor materials also allows easy processing, including printing, coating, casting, film and thin layers preparation, etc). The designed routes are, concept-wise, similar and they all start by building up a secondary metal ion-N/C precursor network, which converts, upon heat treatment, into an intermediate “glass”. This glass stabilizes the nascent nanoparticles during their nucleation and impairs their uncontrolled growth during the heat treatment (scheme 1). This way, one of the main problems related to the synthesis of MN/MC, i.e. the need of very high temperature, could also be overcome (from up to 2000°C, for classical synthesis, down to 700°C in the present cases). The designed synthetic pathways are also conceived to allow usage of non-toxic compounds and to minimize (or even avoid) post-synthesis purification, still bringing to phase pure and well-defined (crystalline) nanoparticles. This research aids to simplify the preparation of MN/MC, making these systems now readily available in suitable amounts both for fundamental and applied science. The prepared systems have been tested (in some cases for the first time) in many different fields, e.g. battery (MnN0.43@C shown a capacity stabilized at a value of 230 mAh/g, with coulombic efficiencies close to 100%), as alternative magnetic materials (Fe3C nanoparticles were prepared with different size and therefore different magnetic behavior, superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic, showing a saturation magnetization value up to 130 emu/g, i.e. similar to the value expected for the bulk material), as filters and for the degradation of organic dyes (outmatching the performance of carbon), as catalysts (both as active phase but also as active support, leading to high turnover rate and, more interesting, to tunable selectivity). Furthermore, with this route, it was possible to prepare for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, well-defined and crystalline MnN0.43, Fe3C and Zn1.7GeN1.8O nanoparticles via bottom-up approaches. Once the synthesis of these materials can be made straightforward, any further modification, combination, manipulation, is in principle possible and new systems can be purposely conceived (e.g. hybrids, nanocomposites, ferrofluids, etc). N2 - Materialien sind wichtige Hilfsmittel, die wir täglich benutzen, um unser Leben einfacher zu machen. Materialien werden durch ihre Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Manche sind stark, manche sind elektrisch, manche magnetisch, usw. Wenn ein Stoff auf die Dimension eines Virus verkleinert wird, zeigen sich besondere Veränderungen. War das Material groß z.B. elektrisch, hat es klein diese Eigenschaft nicht mehr. Groß war es glanzlos, aber klein ist es transparent... Das heißt, dass jedes bekannte Material prinzipiell ein neues Material werden kann, nur durch die Veränderung seiner Größe. Wegen dieser besonderen Entdeckung, ist seit vielen Jahren ein Großteil der Forschung Nanopartikeln gewidmet. Dennoch werden in diesem Gebiet meistens besondere Materialien untersucht, weil ihre Anwendungsfelder weithin bekannt und wichtig sind. Meine Forschung basiert auf der Untersuchung neuer oder weniger bekannter Materialien, nämlich Übergangsmetallnitride und Übergangsmetallcarbide als Nanostrukturen. Sie sind nicht so bekannt, weil sie nicht so einfach herzustellen waren (die klassische Synthese braucht eine hohe Temperatur bis 2000°C, und oft toxische Reaktionsmittel). Trotzdem sind sie sehr interessante Materialien, weil sie auf der Grenze zwischen reinen Metallen und reinen keramischen Materialien hinsichtlich der Eigenschaften liegen. Das heißt, sie sind z.B. sehr fest, aber auch leitend, sie haben einen hohen Schmelzpunkt und sind magnetisch, etc. Durch die hier vorgestellte Forschung wird die Synthese dieser Materialien einfacher gemacht, bei niedrigen Temperaturen, mit natürlichen Produkten (z.B. Harnstoff, Gelatine, Agar, Zellulose, etc). Die Eigenschaften und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Systeme wurden auch studiert, ebenso wie die Kontrolle der Größe und Form. So konnten wir sphärische, rohrförmige, und fiber-basierte Nanostrukturen synthetisieren, aber sogar Blätter und Holz konnten als Reaktionsmittel benutzt werden und in Nitrid und Carbid umgewandelt werden, ohne die Form zu ändern. Weil die Synthese dieser Materialien direkt gemacht werden konnte, ist prinzipiell jede weitere Modifikation, Kombination und Manipulation möglich. So können jetzt neue Systeme entworfen werden. KW - metal carbides KW - metal nitrides KW - nanostructures KW - sol-gel KW - Metallnitride KW - Metallcarbide KW - Nanostrukturen KW - Sol-Gel Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-75375 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tu, Rui A1 - Ge, Maorong A1 - Wang, Rongjiang A1 - Walter, Thomas R. T1 - A new algorithm for tight integration of real-time GPS and strong-motion records, demonstrated on simulated, experimental, and real seismic data JF - Journal of seismology N2 - The complementary advantages of GPS and seismic measurements are well recognized in seismotectonic monitoring studies. Therefore, integrated processing of the two data streams has been proposed recently in an attempt to obtain accurate and reliable information of surface displacements associated with earthquakes. A hitherto still critical issue in the integrated processing is real-time detection and precise estimation of the transient baseline error in the seismic records. Here, we report on a new approach by introducing the seismic acceleration corrected by baseline errors into the state equation system. The correction is performed and regularly updated in short epochs (with increments which may be as short as seconds), so that station position, velocity, and acceleration can be constrained very tightly and baseline error can be estimated as a random-walk process. With the adapted state equation system, our study highlights the use of a new approach developed for integrated processing of GPS and seismic data by means of sequential least-squares adjustment. The efficiency of our approach is demonstrated and validated using simulated, experimental, and real datasets. The latter were collected at collocated GPS and seismic stations around the 4 April 2010, E1 Mayor-Cucapah earthquake (Mw, 7.2). The results have shown that baseline errors of the strong-motion sensors are corrected precisely and high-precision seismic displacements are real-timely obtained by the new approach. KW - High-rateGPS KW - Strong-motion records KW - Baseline error KW - Tight integration KW - Precise point positioning Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-013-9408-x SN - 1383-4649 SN - 1573-157X VL - 18 IS - 1 SP - 151 EP - 161 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trauth, Martin H. T1 - A new probabilistic technique to build an age model for complex stratigraphic sequences JF - Quaternary geochronology : the international research and review journal on advances in quaternary dating techniques N2 - The age models of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary sequences are often subject of discussions in paleoclimate research. The techniques employed to build an age model are very diverse, ranging from visual or intuitive estimation of the age-depth relationship over linear or spline interpolations between age control points to sophisticated Bayesian techniques also taking into account the most likely deposition times of the type of sediment within the sequence. All these methods, however, fail in detecting abrupt variations in sedimentation rates, including the possibility of episodes of no deposition (hiatus), which is the strength of the method presented in this work. The new technique simply compares the deposition time of equally thick sediment slices from the differences of subsequent radiometric age dates and the unit deposition times of the various sediment types. The percentage overlap of the distributions of these two sources of information, together with the evidence from the sedimentary record, helps to build an age model of complex sequences including abrupt variations in the rate of deposition including one or many hiatuses. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Age-depth modelling KW - Stratigraphy KW - Sedimentation rate KW - Hiatus KW - MATLAB Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2014.03.001 SN - 1871-1014 SN - 1878-0350 VL - 22 SP - 65 EP - 71 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shapiro, B. A1 - Hofreiter, Michael T1 - A paleogenomic perspective on evolution and gene function: new insights from ancient DNA JF - Science N2 - The publication of partial and complete paleogenomes within the last few years has reinvigorated research in ancient DNA. No longer limited to short fragments of mitochondrial DNA, inference of evolutionary processes through time can now be investigated from genome-wide data sampled as far back as 700,000 years. Tremendous insights have been made, in particular regarding the hominin lineage. With rare exception, however, a paleogenomic perspective has been mired by the quality and quantity of recoverable DNA. Though conceptually simple, extracting ancient DNA remains challenging, and sequencing ancient genomes to high coverage remains prohibitively expensive for most laboratories. Still, with improvements in DNA isolation and declining sequencing costs, the taxonomic and geographic purview of paleogenomics is expanding at a rapid pace. With improved capacity to screen large numbers of samples for those with high proportions of endogenous ancient DNA, paleogenomics is poised to become a key technology to better understand recent evolutionary events. Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236573 SN - 0036-8075 SN - 1095-9203 VL - 343 IS - 6169 PB - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science CY - Washington ER - TY - THES A1 - D'Agata, Valeria Costanza T1 - A partire dalla Somaestetica di Shusterman T1 - Von der Somästhetik von Shusterman BT - una riflessione sul corpo BT - eine Reflexion über den Körper/Leib N2 - Con la sua proposta di una Somaestetica, articolata fondamentalmente in analitica, pragmatica e pratica, Richard Shusterman intende in primo luogo fornire e creare una cornice metodologica, un orientamento unitario che sia in grado di rintracciare, ricostruire e portare a manifestazione - all’interno di eterogenee riflessioni teoriche e pratiche somatiche - la comune esigenza di ridare luce alla dimensione corporea come modo primario di essere nel mondo. Recuperando l’accezione baumgarteniana di Aesthetica come gnoseologia inferiore, arte dell’analogo della ragione, scienza della conoscenza sensibile, la somaestetica intende dare nuovo impulso alla più profonda radice di estetica e filosofia che coglie la vita nel suo processo di metamorfosi e rigenerazione continua, in quel respiro vitale che, per quanto possa diventare cosciente, non è mai totalmente afferrabile dalla ragione discorsiva, situandosi piuttosto in quello spazio primordiale in cui coscienza e corpo si coappartengono, in cui il soggetto non è ancora individualizzabile perché fuso con l’ambiente, non è totalmente privatizzabile perché intrinsecamente plasmato dal tessuto sociale cui egli stesso conferisce dinamicamente forma. A partire dunque dalla rivalutazione del concetto di Aisthesis la disciplina somaestetica mira ad una intensificazione di sensorialità, percezione, emozione, commozione, rintracciando proprio nel Soma la fonte di quelle facoltà “inferiori” irriducibili a quelle puramente intellettuali, che permettono di accedere alle dimensioni qualitative dell’esperienza, di portare a manifestazione e far maturare l’essere umano come essere indivisibile che non si lascia incontrare da un pensiero che ne rinnega l’unitarietà in nome di fittizie e laceranti distinzioni dicotomiche. Nel corpo infatti si radicano in modo silente regole, convenzioni, norme e valori socioculturali che determinano e talvolta limitano la configurazione ed espressione di sensazioni, percezioni, cognizioni, pensieri, azioni, volizioni, disposizioni di un soggetto da sempre inserito in una Mitwelt (mondo comune), ed è allora proprio al corpo che bisogna rivolgersi per riconfigurare più autentiche modalità di espressione del soggetto che crea equilibri dinamici per mantenere una relazione di coerenza con il più ampio contesto sociale, culturale, ambientale. L’apertura al confronto con eterogenee posizioni filosofiche e l’intrinseca multidisciplinarietà spiegano la centralità nel contemporaneo dibattito estetologico internazionale della Somaestetica che, rivolgendosi tanto ad una formulazione teorica quanto ad una concreta applicazione pratica, intende rivalutare il soma come corporeità intelligente, senziente, intenzionale e attiva, non riducibile all’accezione peccaminosa di caro (mero corpo fisico privo di vita e sensazione). Attraverso la riflessione e la pratica di tecniche di coscienza somatica si portano in primo piano i modi in cui il sempre più consapevole rapporto con la propria corporeità come mediatamente esperita e immediatamente vissuta, sentita, offre occasioni autentiche di realizzazione progressiva di sé innanzitutto come persone, capaci di autocoltivazione, di riflessione cosciente sulle proprie abitudini incorporate, di ristrutturazione creativa di sé, di intensificata percezione e apprezzamento sensoriale sia nel concreto agire quotidiano, sia nella dimensione più propriamente estetologica di ricezione, fruizione e creazione artistica. L’indirizzo essenzialmente pragmatista della riflessione di Shusterman traccia così una concezione fondamentalmente relazionale dell’estetica in grado di porsi proprio nel movimento e nel rapporto continuamente diveniente di vera e propria trasformazione e passaggio tra le dimensioni fisiche, proprio-corporee, psichiche e spirituali del soggetto la cui interazione, ed il cui reciproco riversarsi le une nelle altre, può risultare profondamente arricchito attraverso una progressiva e sempre crescente consapevolizzazione della ricchezza della dimensione corporea in quanto intenzionale, percettiva, senziente, volitiva, tanto quanto vulnerabile, limitante, caduca, patica. Il presente lavoro intende ripercorrere ed approfondire alcuni dei principali referenti di Shusterman, focalizzandosi prevalentemente sulla radice pragmatista della sua proposta e sul confronto con il dibattito di area tedesca tra estetica, antropologia filosofica, neofenomenologia e antropologia medica, per riguadagnare una nozione di soma che proprio a partire dal contrasto, dall’impatto irriducibile con la potenza annullante delle situazioni limite, della crisi possa acquisire un più complesso e ricco valore armonizzante delle intrinseche e molteplici dimensioni che costituiscono il tessuto della soggettività incarnata. In particolare il primo capitolo (1. Somaestetica) chiarisce le radici essenzialmente pragmatiste della proposta shustermaniana e mostra come sia possibile destrutturare e dunque riconfigurare radicati modi di esperienza, rendendo coscienti abitudini e modi di vivere che si fissano a livello somatico in modo per lo più inavvertito. Il confronto con la nozione di Habitus, di cui Pierre Bourdieu mette brillantemente in luce l’invisibile e socialmente determinata matrice somatica, lascia scorgere come ogni manifestazione umana sia sostenuta dall’incorporazione di norme, credenze, valori che determinano e talvolta limitano l’espressione, lo sviluppo, persino le predisposizioni e le inclinazioni degli individui. Ed è proprio intervenendo a questo livello che si può restituire libertà alle scelte e aprirsi così alle dimensioni essenzialmente qualitative dell’esperienza che, nell’accezione deweyana è un insieme olistico unitario e coeso che fa da sfondo alle relazioni organismo-ambiente, un intreccio inestricabile di teoria e prassi, particolare e universale, psiche e soma, ragione ed emozione, percettivo e concettuale, insomma quell’immediata conoscenza corporea che struttura lo sfondo di manifestazione della coscienza. N2 - Mit seinem Vorschlag für eine Somästhetik, grundsätzlich in eine analytische, pragmatische und praktische unterteilt, beabsichtigt Richard Shusterman in erster Linie einen methodischen Rahmen zu bieten und zu schaffen, d. h. einen einheitlichen Ansatz, der in der Lage ist, das gemeinsame Bedürfnis zu verfolgen und ans Licht zu bringen - in heterogenen theoretischen Überlegungen und somatischen Praktiken - die Körper-Leiblichkeit als primäre Art des Seins in der Welt wiederherzustellen. Durch die Wiedergewinnung der Bedeutung der Aesthetica von Baumgarten als gnoseologia inferior, ars analogi rationis, scientia cognitionis sensitiuae1, will die Somaästhetik die tiefste Wurzel der Ästhetik und der Philosophie wieder erneuern, die das Leben in seinem Prozess der ununterbrochenen Metamorphose und Regeneration erfasst, in diesem Atem des Lebens, der, inwieweit er sich dessen bewusst ist, von der diskursiven Vernunft nie ganz begriffen wird, denn er befindet sich vielmehr im Ur- Raum, in dem Bewusstsein und Körperlichkeit zusammengehören, in dem das Subjekt noch nicht individualisierbar ist, weil es mit der Umwelt verschmolzen ist; es ist nicht vollständig privatisierbar, weil es untrennbar von der Sozialstruktur ist, der es selbst dynamisch Form gibt. Von der Neubewertung des Begriffes „Aisthesis“ sucht die somästhetische Disziplin eine Intensivierung der Sinne, der Wahrnehmung, der Emotionen, des Gefühls, um tatsächlich im Soma die Quelle der „minderwertigen“ Fähigkeiten (nicht reduzierbar auf rein intellektuelle) zu verfolgen, die es erlauben, mit den qualitativen Dimensionen der Erfahrung in Kontakt zu treten, den einheitlichen Menschen, der sich nicht dazu eignet, von einem dichotomen Gedanken trennen zu lassen, als unteilbares Wesen aufzudecken und reifen zu lassen. Im Körper schlagen unbewusst Regeln, Konventionen, Normen und sozio-kulturelle Werte Wurzeln, die die Konfiguration und den Ausdruck von Gefühlen, Wahrnehmungen, Wissen, Denken, Handeln, Willensakten, Bestimmungen von einem Subjekt, das seit jeher in eine Mitwelt eingefügt ist, bestimmen und manchmal begrenzen. Daraus folgt, dass wir unsere Aufmerksamkeit auf den Körper richten sollen, um die authentischste Ausdrucksweise des Subjekts, das ein dynamisches Gleichgewicht schafft, um eine Beziehung der Kohärenz mit der breiteren sozialen, kulturellen, ökologischen Kontext zu halten, neu zu konfigurieren. Die Öffnung für den Vergleich mit heterogenen philosophischen Positionen und dem inhärenten multidisziplinären Charakter2 erklärt die Zentralität der Somästhetik in der zeitgenössischen internationalen ästhetischen Debatte: durch eine theoretische Formulierung und eine konkrete praktische Anwendung beabsichtigt sie Soma neu zu bewerten, als intelligente, fühlende, vorsätzliche und aktive Körperlichkeit, nicht reduzierbar auf die sündige Bedeutung von caro (der bloße physische Körper, ohne Leben und Empfindungen). Durch Reflexion und Praxis der Techniken des Körperbewusstseins rücken die Modalitäten in den Vordergrund, in denen das stets bewusstere Verhältnis zu der eigenen Leiblichkeit, als mittelbar erlebt und unmittelbar gelebt, gefühlt wird, authentische Chancen für die progressive Realisierung des eigenen Ich bietet, d. h. zuallererst als Personen, die in der Lage sind, Selbst-Sorge zu tragen, die wissen, wie sie bewusst über ihre eigenen verkörperten Gewohnheiten reflektieren können, wie sie kreativ das Selbst umstrukturieren können, wie sie eine Intensivierung der Wahrnehmung und der sinnlichen Wertschätzung sowohl in konkreten täglichen Handlungen, als auch in der spezifischeren ästhetischen Dimension des künstlerischen Schaffens und Genießens erleben können3. Die wesentliche pragmatische Richtung der Reflexion von Shusterman umreißt eine grundlegend relationale Betrachtung der Ästhetik, die in der Lage ist, sich direkt in der Bewegung und in der sich ständig verändernden Beziehung der wirklichen Transformation und des Übergangs zwischen den körperlichen, leiblichen, mentalen und spirituellen Aspekten des Subjektes anzusiedeln. Die Interaktion zwischen diesen Dimensionen, die aufeinander verweisen, kann tief durch ein fortschreitendes und wachsendes Bewusstsein des Reichtums der leiblichen Dimension als absichtlich, wahrnehmend, fühlend, wollend, so wie vergänglich, verletzlich, einschränkend, pathisch angereichert werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit will auf einige der wichtigsten Themen, auf die sich Shusterman bezieht, eingehen und vertiefen, insbesondere die pragmatische Wurzel seines Vorschlags und der Vergleich mit der deutschen Debatte zur Ästhetik, philosophischen Anthropologie, medizinischen Anthropologie und neuen Phänomenologie, um wieder eine Vorstellung von Soma zu bekommen, beginnend von dem Kontrast, von der Wirkung mit der Kraft der unnachgiebigen Aufhebung und extremer Krisensituationen, eine komplexe und reiche Harmonisierung der inneren Werte und der vielfältigen Dimensionen, die das Gewebe der verkörperten Subjektivität bilden. Vor allem das erste Kapitel (1. Somaestetica - Somästhetik) verdeutlicht die Wurzeln des im wesentlichen pragmatischen Vorschlags von Shusterman und zeigt, wie es möglich ist, verwurzelte Erlebnisweisen zu dekonstruieren und neu zu konfigurieren, um Gewohnheiten und Lebensweisen, die sich auf der somatischen Ebene in den meisten Fällen unbemerkt ansiedeln, bewusst zu machen. Der Vergleich mit dem Begriff des Habitus, den Pierre Bourdieu brillant anstellt, beleuchtet den unsichtbaren und sozial bestimmten somatischen Ursprung; er lässt erkennen, wie jede menschliche Äußerung durch die Verkörperung von Normen, Überzeugungen und Werte unterstützt wird, wie diese Regeln den Ausdruck, die Entwicklung und auch die Veranlagungen und Neigungen des Einzelnen bestimmen und manchmal begrenzen. Und es ist durch ein Eingreifen eben auf dieser Ebene möglich, die Freiheit an Wahlen zurückzugeben und sich den wesentlich qualitativen Dimensionen der Erfahrung zu öffnen, die (im Sinne von Dewey) eine ganzheitliche und zusammenhängende Einheit als ein Hintergrund der Organismus-Umwelt-Beziehungen ist, d. h. eine unentwirrbare Verwicklung von Theorie und Praxis, im besonderen und im allgemeinen, Psyche und Soma, Vernunft und Gefühl, wahrnehmend und begriffsmäßig, kurz das unmittelbare körper-leibliche Wissen, das den Hintergrund für die Bewusstseinsäußerung bildet. KW - corpo fisico e corpo vissuto KW - avere ed essere corpo KW - Somaestetica KW - Somästhetik KW - Körper-Leib Y1 - 2014 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-72650 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Audisio, Paolo A1 - Cline, Andrew R. A1 - Solano, Emanuela A1 - Mancini, Emiliano A1 - Lamanna, Francesco A1 - Antonini, Gloria A1 - Trizzino, Marco T1 - A peculiar new genus and species of pollen-beetle (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) from eastern Africa, with a molecular phylogeny of related Meligethinae JF - Systematics and biodiversity KW - new species KW - new genus KW - molecular analysis KW - pollen-beetles KW - host-plants KW - Asteraceae KW - Kenya KW - Tarchonanthopria freidbergi Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2013.877539 SN - 1477-2000 SN - 1478-0933 VL - 12 IS - 1 SP - 77 EP - 91 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rolinski, Susanne A1 - Rammig, Anja A1 - Walz, Ariane A1 - von Bloh, Werner A1 - van Oijen, M. A1 - Thonicke, Kirsten T1 - A probabilistic risk assessment for the vulnerability of the European carbon cycle to weather extremes BT - The ecosystem perspective T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch naturwissenschaftliche Reihe (487) N2 - Extreme weather events are likely to occur more often under climate change and the resulting effects on ecosystems could lead to a further acceleration of climate change. But not all extreme weather events lead to extreme ecosystem response. Here, we focus on hazardous ecosystem behaviour and identify coinciding weather conditions. We use a simple probabilistic risk assessment based on time series of ecosystem behaviour and climate conditions. Given the risk assessment terminology, vulnerability and risk for the previously defined hazard are estimated on the basis of observed hazardous ecosystem behaviour. We apply this approach to extreme responses of terrestrial ecosystems to drought, defining the hazard as a negative net biome productivity over a 12-month period. We show an application for two selected sites using data for 1981-2010 and then apply the method to the pan-European scale for the same period, based on numerical modelling results (LPJmL for ecosystem behaviour; ERA-Interim data for climate). Our site-specific results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed method, using the SPEI to describe the climate condition. The site in Spain provides an example of vulnerability to drought because the expected value of the SPEI is 0.4 lower for hazardous than for non-hazardous ecosystem behaviour. In northern Germany, on the contrary, the site is not vulnerable to drought because the SPEI expectation values imply wetter conditions in the hazard case than in the non-hazard case. At the pan-European scale, ecosystem vulnerability to drought is calculated in the Mediterranean and temperate region, whereas Scandinavian ecosystems are vulnerable under conditions without water shortages. These first model- based applications indicate the conceptual advantages of the proposed method by focusing on the identification of critical weather conditions for which we observe hazardous ecosystem behaviour in the analysed data set. Application of the method to empirical time series and to future climate would be important next steps to test the approach. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 487 KW - global vegetation model KW - climate extremes KW - fire emissions KW - drought KW - forest KW - productivity KW - reduction KW - events KW - assimilation KW - uncertainty Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407999 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 487 SP - 1813 EP - 1831 ER -