TY  - INPR
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
A1  - Miller, Jeff O.
T1  - When less equals more: probability summation without sensitivity improvement
T2  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - Many perceptual and cognitive tasks permit or require the integrated cooperation of specialized sensory channels, detectors, or other functionally separate units. In compound detection or discrimination tasks, 1 prominent general mechanism to model the combination of the output of different processing channels is probability summation. The classical example is the binocular summation model of Pirenne (1943), according to which a weak visual stimulus is detected if at least 1 of the 2 eyes detects this stimulus; as we review briefly, exactly the same reasoning is applied in numerous other fields. It is generally accepted that this mechanism necessarily predicts performance based on 2 (or more) channels to be superior to single channel performance, because 2 separate channels provide "2 chances" to succeed with the task. We argue that this reasoning is misleading because it neglects the increased opportunity with 2 channels not just for hits but also for false alarms and that there may well be no redundancy gain at all when performance is measured in terms of receiver operating characteristic curves. We illustrate and support these arguments with a visual detection experiment involving different spatial uncertainty conditions. Our arguments and findings have important implications for all models that, in one way or another, rest on, or incorporate, the notion of probability summation for the analysis of detection tasks, 2-alternative forced-choice tasks, and psychometric functions.
KW  - probability summation
KW  - compound detection or discrimination
KW  - redundancy gain
KW  - ROC curve
KW  - 2AFC
KW  - psychometric functions
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037548
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
SP  - 2091
EP  - 2100
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
T1  - Spatial biases in mental arithmetic
T2  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.927516
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 67
IS  - 8
SP  - 1457
EP  - 1460
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Removing spatial responses reveals spatial concepts even in a culture with mixed reading habits
T2  - Frontiers in human neuroscienc
KW  - cross-cultural
KW  - random number generation
KW  - mental number line
KW  - embodied numerical cognition
KW  - automatic processing
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2014.00966
SN  - 1662-5161
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Knops, Andre
T1  - Attentional cueing in numerical cognition
T2  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - attention
KW  - number line
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - visual perception
KW  - response selection
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01381
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Hartmann, Matthias
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Pupillometry: The eyes shed fresh light on the mind
T2  - Current biology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.02.028
SN  - 0960-9822
SN  - 1879-0445
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
SP  - R281
EP  - R282
PB  - Cell Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Restoring the spirit of fair play in the debate about violent video games a comment on Elson and Ferguson (2013)
T2  - EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST
N2  - This commentary argues that, rather than providing an "exhaustive review," Elson and Ferguson (2013) discuss a selective sample of empirical studies on violent video game use which corroborate their claim that there is no systematic evidence for a link between violent video game play and aggression. In evaluating the evidence, the authors portray a biased picture of the current state of knowledge about media violence effects. They fail to distinguish between aggression and violence and between everyday and clinical forms of aggression. Furthermore, they misrepresent key constructs, such as mediation, moderation, and external validity, to discredit methodologies used to assess aggression and media violence use. The paper moves the debate backward rather than forward, falling behind existing meta-analytic studies that consider a much wider and more balanced range of studies.
KW  - media violence
KW  - aggression
KW  - mediation
KW  - socialization effects
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000165
SN  - 1016-9040
SN  - 1878-531X
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 56
EP  - 59
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Kirkland
ER  -