TY  - RPRT
A1  - Giotopoulos, Ioannis
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Tsakanikas, Aggelos
T1  - A Lasting Crisis affects R&D decisions of smaller firms
BT  - the Greek experience
T2  - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2  - We use the prolonged Greek crisis as a case study to understand how a lasting economic shock affects the innovation strategies of firms in economies with moderate innovation activities. Adopting the 3-stage CDM model, we explore the link between R&D, innovation, and productivity for different size groups of Greek manufacturing firms during the prolonged crisis. At the first stage, we find that the continuation of the crisis is harmful for the R&D engagement of smaller firms while it increased the willingness for R&D activities among the larger ones. At the second stage, among smaller firms the knowledge production remains unaffected by R&D investments, while among larger firms the R&D decision is positively correlated with the probability of producing innovation, albeit the relationship is weakened as the crisis continues. At the third stage, innovation output benefits only larger firms in terms of labor productivity, while the innovation-productivity nexus is insignificant for smaller firms during the lasting crisis.
T3  - CEPA Discussion Papers - 49 
KW  - Small firms
KW  - Large firms
KW  - R&D
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Productivity
KW  - Long-term Crisis
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-558442
SN  - 2628-653X
IS  - 49
ER  - 
TY  - RPRT
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Kritikos, Alexander
A1  - Stier, Claudia
T1  - The Influence of Start-up Motivation on Entrepreneurial Performance
T2  - CEPA Discussion Papers
N2  - Predicting entrepreneurial development based on individual and business-related characteristics is a key objective of entrepreneurship research. In this context, we investigate whether the motives of becoming an entrepreneur influence the subsequent entrepreneurial development. In our analysis, we examine a broad range of business outcomes including survival and income, as well as job creation, expansion and innovation activities for up to 40 months after business formation. Using self-determination theory as conceptual background, we aggregate the start-up motives into a continuous motivational index. We show – based on a unique dataset of German start-ups from unemployment and non-unemployment – that the later business performance is better, the higher they score on this index. Effects are particularly strong for growth oriented outcomes like innovation and expansion activities. In a next step, we examine three underlying motivational categories that we term opportunity, career ambition, and necessity. We show that individuals driven by opportunity motives perform better in terms of innovation and business expansion activities, while career ambition is positively associated with survival, income, and the probability of hiring employees. All effects are robust to the inclusion of a large battery of covariates that are proven to be important determinants of entrepreneurial performance.
T3  - CEPA Discussion Papers - 59 
KW  - Entrepreneurship
KW  - Push and Pull Theories
KW  - Start-up Motivation
KW  - Survival
KW  - Job Creation
KW  - Firm Growth
KW  - Innovation
Y1  - 2022
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-571152
SN  - 2628-653X
IS  - 59
ER  -