TY - GEN A1 - Kessler, Katharina A1 - Hornemann, Silke A1 - Rudovich, Natalia A1 - Weber, Daniela A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Kramer, Achim A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga T1 - Saliva samples as a tool to study the effect of meal timing on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples fortheir investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used forchrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to studythe effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated salivasamples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones andinflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports inblood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar forboth diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolicand inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for thenon-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1425 KW - meal timing KW - saliva KW - circadian clock KW - adiponectin KW - resistin KW - visfatin KW - insulin KW - melatonin KW - cortisol KW - cytokines Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-512079 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kessler, Katharina A1 - Hornemann, Silke A1 - Rudovich, Natalia A1 - Weber, Daniela A1 - Grune, Tilman A1 - Kramer, Achim A1 - Pfeiffer, Andreas F. H. A1 - Pivovarova-Ramich, Olga T1 - Saliva samples as a tool to study the effect of meal timing on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers JF - Nutrients N2 - Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples fortheir investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used forchrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to studythe effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated salivasamples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones andinflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports inblood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar forboth diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolicand inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for thenon-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies. KW - meal timing KW - saliva KW - circadian clock KW - adiponectin KW - resistin KW - visfatin KW - insulin KW - melatonin KW - cortisol KW - cytokines Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020340 SN - 2072-6643 IS - 2 SP - 1 EP - 12 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - THES A1 - Gehrke, Janin T1 - Untersuchungen zu tanninbindenden Speichelproteinen des Rehs und anderer Wiederkäuer T1 - Investigation of tannin binding salivary proteins of roe deer and other ruminants N2 - Am Beispiel der Wiederkäuer wurde unter Zuhilfenahme von biochemischen und molekularbiologischen Methoden die Adaptation von Pflanzenfressern (Herbivoren) an pflanzliche Sekundärmetabolite wie z.B. Tannine untersucht. Tannine können in nicht an ihren Verzehr adaptierten Spezies durch ihr Proteinbindungsvermögen die Nahrungsverwertung und damit Wachstum und Gesundheit des Pflanzenfressers beeinträchtigen (antinutritive Wirkung). Einige Wiederkäuerarten wie z.B. das Reh (Capreolus capreolus) haben in ihrem Nahrungsspektrum viele stark tanninhaltige Pflanzen, leiden aber nicht unter den erwähnten postdigestiven Konsequenzen. Eine Möglichkeit, die antinutritive Wirkung von Tanninen zu neutralisieren, besteht in der Produktion tanninbindender Speichelproteine. Der Speichel verschiedener Wiederkäuerarten wurde auf das Vorhandensein tanninbindender Proteine untersucht. Diese Arten wurden so ausgewählt, dass alle drei Ernährungstypen (Konzentratselektierer, Intermediärtyp, Gras- und Rauhfutterfresser) in den Vergleich eingeschlossen werden konnten. Als Referenzspezies wurde der Konzentratselektierer Reh herangezogen. Die Speichelproteine des Rehs und die der Intermediärtypen (Rentier, Rangifer tarandus; Damhirsch, Cervus dama; Moschusochse, Ovibos moschatus) banden ungefähr doppelt so effektiv an hydrolysierbare Tannine (Tanninsäure), wie die der untersuchten Gras- und Rauhfutterfresser (Rind, Bos taurus; und Mufflon, Ovis orientalis musimon). Diese Abstufung zeigte sich auch bei der Untersuchung der Bindung an kondensierte Tannine (Quebracho). Eine Ausnahme stellte Mufflonspeichel dar, dieser band ebenso gut an Quebracho wie die Speichelproteine der anderen Ernährungstypen. Über eine Aminosäuretotalanalyse konnte festgestellt werden, dass der Speichel einiger untersuchter Wiederkäuerarten prolinreiche Proteine (PRPs) enthielt. Unter Ausnutzung ihrer Trichloressigsäure (TCA)-Löslichkeit wurden diese angereichert und genauer untersucht. Die Analyse der TCA-löslichen Speichelproteine der Konzentratselektierer (Reh, Elch) ergab einen relativen Prolingehalt von über 35 %, während beim Moschusochsen noch 29 % gemessen wurden. In Damhirsch- und Rinderspeichel wurden keine prolinreichen Proteine gefunden. Für die TCA-löslichen Speichelproteine des Rehs konnte eine hohe Tanninbindungskapazität nachgewiesen werden. Diese banden 24 - 30 x effektiver an Tannine als die TCA-löslichen Speichelproteine des Rindes. Die Tanninbindungskapazitäten der TCA-löslichen Speichelproteine von Moschusochse und Damhirsch waren ebenfalls höher als die des Rindes, aber niedriger als die des Rehs. Die Kohlenhydrat-Analyse der TCA-löslichen Speichelproteine des Rehs erbrachte, dass es sich bei ihnen um Glykoproteine handelt. Mittels Gelfiltration und zweidimensionaler Polyacrylamidgelektrophorese konnten fünf Proteingruppen mit Molekulargewichten zwischen 15 und 50 kd sowie isoelektrischen Punkten zwischen 4,0 und 8,2 detektiert werden. Von 15 dieser Proteine konnten die N-terminalen Aminosäuresequenzen ermittelt werden. Ausgehend von diesen Informationen wurden Reh-PRP spezifische mRNAs isoliert und partiell sequenziert. Die meisten dieser Fragmente hatten eine gemeinsame 18 Aminosäuren lange C-terminale Sequenz PPPEEQPEE/QSPDEE/DSPSE. Die Suche nach Übereinstimmungen der analysierten Sequenzen mit anderen Säugetier-PRPs in der Genbank ergab keine sinnvollen Ähnlichkeiten. Die Ergebnisse können zu Informationen über tanninbindende Proteine anderer Wiederkäuer führen. Die Sequenzinformationen stellen einen Ausgangspunkt bei der Analyse der evolutiven Zusammenhänge der Cerviden dar. N2 - Investigation of tannin binding salivary proteins of roe deer and other ruminants: In this work the adaptation of herbivores to plant secondary metabolites was investigated with help of biochemical and molecular biological methods. In unadapted species plant secondary metabolites as tannins can reduce food digestibility and thus diminish growth rate and health status (antinutritive action). Tannins act through its astringency, that means the high capacity to bind proteins, other macromolecules and metal ions. Some ruminant species feed on tannin containing plant but do not suffer from the mentioned nutritive consequences. The production of tannin binding proteins is one possible adaptation mechanism to neutralize the effects of the tannins. Saliva of six different ruminant species was investigated for the presence of tannin binding proteins. All three feeding types (concentrate selector, intermediate type and grass and roughage eater) were included in the comparison. Salivary proteins from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, concentrate selector) and from the intermediate feeding types (rein deer, Rangifer tarandus; fallow deer, Cervus dama; musk ox, Ovibos moschatus) bound twice as effective to hydrolysable tannins (tannic acid) as those from the investigated grass and roughage eaters (cattle, Bos taurus; moufflon, Ovis orientalis). This differentiation could also be observed investigating the binding capacities to condensed tannins (quebracho) except for moufflon. Moufflon salivary proteins bound with the same intensity to quebracho as the salivary proteins from the other feeding types. Proline rich proteins (PRPs) could be accumulated from roe deer, moose and musk ox saliva by use of its solubility properties in 5 % trichloro acetic acid (TCA). Roe deer and moose TCA soluble salivary proteins contained more than 35 %, musk ox proteins 29 % proline. In fallow deer and cattle saliva PRPs could not be detected. A tannin binding assay demonstrated for the TCA soluble salivary proteins from roe deer, musk ox and fallow deer but not from cattle, that they are able to bind tannins. Roe deer salivary proteins bound 24 to 30 more effective to tannins as cattle proteins. Tannin binding capacity of the proteins from musk ox and fallow deer saliva was higher as those from cattle but lower as those from roe deer. For further analysis of ruminant tannin binding proteins we chose roe deer as reference species. Carbohydrate analysis of TCA soluble proteins from roe deer saliva showed that they were glycoproteins. With help of gel filtration and two dimensional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis five proteins groups with molecular weights from 15 to 50 kd and isoelectric points from 4.0 to 8.2 could be detected. N-terminal amino acid sequences of 15 of the roe deer salivary TCA soluble proteins were determined by Edmann degradation. This information led to partially sequenced roe deer PRP specific cDNA. An 18 amino acid long C-terminal sequence was common in most of the clones. The obtained roe deer PRP sequences did not match with known mammalian PRP sequences from data banks. The finding in this work can lead to information about salivary tannin binding proteins in other ruminants. The sequence information represent a starting-point for the investigation of cervid evolution. KW - Speichel KW - tanninbindende Speichelproteine KW - prolinreiche Proteine KW - Wiederkäuer KW - Reh KW - saliva KW - tannin binding salivary proteins KW - proline rich proteins KW - ruminant KW - roe deer Y1 - 2002 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000444 ER -