TY - JOUR A1 - Davies, Michael J. A1 - Drury, Benjamin A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Chaabene, Helmi A1 - Moran, Jason T1 - Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth JF - Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength & Conditioning Association N2 - Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport. KW - girls KW - exercise KW - sport KW - athlete Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216 SN - 1064-8011 SN - 1533-4287 VL - 35 IS - 10 SP - 2690 EP - 2697 PB - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Singh, Gaurav A1 - Kushwah, Gaurav Singh A1 - Singh, Tanvi A1 - Thapa, Rohit Kumar A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo T1 - Effects of sand-based plyometric-jump training in combination with endurance running on outdoor or treadmill surface on physical fitness in young adult males JF - Journal of sports science & medicine N2 - This study aimed at examining the effects of nine weeks of sand-based plyometric jump training (PJT) combined with endurance running on either outdoor or treadmill surface on measures of physical fitness. Male participants (age, 20.1 +/- 1.7 years) were randomly assigned to a sand-based PJT combined with endurance running on outdoor surface (OT, n = 25) or treadmill surface (TT, n = 25). The endurance miming intervention comprised a mixed training method, i.e., long slow distance, tempo, and interval running drills. A control group was additionally included in this study (CG, n = 25). Participants in CG followed their regular physical activity as OT and TT but did not receive any specific intervention. Individuals were assessed for their 50-m linear sprint time, standing long jump (SLJ) distance, cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., Cooper test), forced vital capacity (FVC), calf girth, and resting heart rate (RHR). A three (groups: OT, TT, CG) by two (time: pre, post) ANOVA for repeated measures was used to analyze the exercise-specific effects. In case of significant group-by-time interactions, Bonferroni adjusted paired (within-group) and independent (between-group comparisons at post) t-tests were used for post-hoc analyses. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all dependent variables (p < 0.001 - 0.002, eta(2)(p) = 0.16 - 0.78). Group-specific post-hoc tests showed improvements for all variables after OT (p < 0.001, Hedges'g effect size [g] = 0.05 - 1.94) and TT (p < 0.001, g = 0.04 - 2.73), but not in the CG (p = 0.058 - 1.000, g = 0.00 - 0.34). Compared to CG, OT showed larger SLJ (p = 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.004), FVC (p = 0.008), and RHR (p < 0.001) improvements. TT showed larger improvements in SLJ (p = 0.036), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), and RHR (p < 0.001) compared with CG. Compared to OT, TT showed larger improvements for SLJ (p = 0.018). In conclusion, sand-based PJT combined with either OT or TT similarly improved most measures of physical fitness, with greater SLJ improvement after TT. Coaches may use both concurrent exercise regimes based on preferences and logistical constrains (e.g., weather; access to treadmill equipment). KW - Muscle strength KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - resistance training KW - high-intensity interval training KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2022.277 SN - 1303-2968 VL - 21 IS - 2 SP - 277 EP - 286 PB - Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Uludag University CY - Bursa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Schuch, Felipe B. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational exercise is associated with lower prevalence of depression and anxiety and better quality of life in German people living with HIV JF - AIDS care : psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS/HIV N2 - Sedentarism is a risk factor for depression and anxiety. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to HIV-negative individuals. This cross-sectional study (n = 450, median age 44 (19-75), 7.3% females) evaluates the prevalence rates and prevalence ratio (PR) of anxiety and/or depression in PLWH associated with recreational exercise. A decreased likelihood of having anxiety (PR=0.57; 0.36-0.91; p = 0.01), depression (PR=0.41; 0.36-0.94; p=0.01), and comorbid anxiety and depression (PR = 0,43; 0.24-0.75; p=0.002) was found in exercising compared to non-exercising PLWH. Recreational exercise is associated with a lower risk for anxiety and/or depression. Further prospective studies are needed to provide insights on the direction of this association. KW - HIV KW - depression KW - anxiety KW - exercise Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2021.1889951 SN - 1360-0451 VL - 34 IS - 2 SP - 182 EP - 187 PB - Taylor & Francis Group CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - THES A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Affective responses during exercise and situated exercise-related decision-making T1 - Affektives Erleben beim Sport und bewegungsbezogenes situiertes Entscheidungsverhalten BT - theoretical and methodological advancements towards a better understanding of exercise behavior N2 - The field of exercise psychology has established robust evidence on the health benefits of physical activity. However, interventions to promote sustained exercise behavior have often proven ineffective. This dissertation addresses challenges in the field, particularly the neglect of situated and affective processes in understanding and changing exercise behavior. Dual process models, considering both rational and affective processes, have gained recognition. The Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) is a notable model in this context, positing that situated processes in-the-moment of choice influence exercise decisions and subsequent exercise behavior. The dissertation identifies current challenges within exercise psychology and proposes methodological and theoretical advancements. It emphasizes the importance of momentary affective states and situated processes, offering alternatives to self-reported measures and advocating for a more comprehensive modeling of individual variability. The focus is on the affective processes during exercise, theorized to reappear in momentary decision-making, shaping overall exercise behavior. The first publication introduces a new method by using automated facial action analysis to measure variable affective responses during exercise. It explores how these behavioral indicators covary with self-reported measures of affective valence and perceived exertion. The second publication delves into situated processes at the moment of choice between exercise and non-exercise options, revealing that intraindividual factors play a crucial role in explaining exercise-related choices. The third publication presents an open-source research tool, the Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), designed to capture repeated situated decisions and predict exercise behavior based on past experiences. The findings challenge previous assumptions and provide insights into the complex interplay of affective responses, situated processes, and exercise choices. The dissertation underscores the need for individualized interventions that manipulate affective responses during exercise and calls for systematic testing to establish causal links to automatic affective processes and subsequent exercise behavior. This dissertation highlights the necessity for methodological and conceptual refinements in understanding and promoting exercise behavior, ultimately contributing to the broader goal of combating increasing inactivity trends. N2 - Das Gebiet der „exercise psychology“ hat in vergangenen Jahren robuste Evidenz für die gesundheitlichen Vorteile körperlicher Aktivität hervorgebracht. Interventionen zur Erhöhung nachhaltigen Bewegungsverhaltens haben sich jedoch oft als unwirksam erwiesen. Diese Dissertation adressiert Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet, insbesondere die Vernachlässigung von situierten und affektiven Prozessen beim Verständnis und der Veränderung von Bewegungsverhalten. In den letzten Jahren haben Zwei-Prozess Modelle, die sowohl überlegt-rationale als auch automatisch-affektive Prozesse berücksichtigen, an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Affective Reflective Theory of Physical Inactivity and Exercise (ART) ist eine dieser Theorien und postuliert, dass situierte Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung das Bewegungsverhalten beeinflussen. Die Dissertation identifiziert aktuelle Herausforderungen im Bereich der „Exercise Psychology“ und bringt methodische und theoretische Neuerungen hervor. Dabei wird die Bedeutung von momentanen affektiven Zuständen und situativen Prozessen betont, Alternativen zu selbstberichteten Maßnahmen untersucht und für eine umfassendere Modellierung individueller Variabilität plädiert. Der Fokus liegt auf den affektiven Prozessen während des Sporttreibens, die theoretisch konzeptualisiert sind, im Moment der Entscheidung reaktiviert und das zukünftige Bewegungsverhalten zu beeinflussen. Die erste Veröffentlichung führt eine neue Methode ein, indem automatisierte Gesichtsausrucksanalyse verwendet wird, um variable affektive Reaktionen während Sporttreiben zu messen. Sie untersucht, wie diese Verhaltensindikatoren mit selbstberichteten Maßen der affektiven Wertigkeit und wahrgenommenen Anstrengung kovariieren. Die zweite Veröffentlichung geht auf situative Prozesse im Moment der Entscheidung zwischen Bewegungs- und Nicht-Bewegungsoptionen ein und zeigt, dass intraindividuelle Faktoren eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erklärung von bewegungsbezogenen Entscheidungen spielen. Die dritte Veröffentlichung stellt ein Open-Source-Forschungstool vor, den Decisional Preferences in Exercising Test (DPEX), der darauf abzielt, wiederholte situierte Entscheidungen zu erfassen und Bewegungsverhalten basierend auf vergangenen Erfahrungen vorherzusagen. Die Ergebnisse erweitern bisherige Erkenntnisse und geben Einblicke in das komplexe Zusammenspiel von affektiven Reaktionen, situierten Prozessen und Bewegungsentscheidungen. Die Dissertation betont die Notwendigkeit individualisierter Interventionen, die affektive Reaktionen während des Sporttreibens manipulieren, und fordert systematische Untersuchungen, um kausale Verbindungen zu automatischen affektiven Prozessen und anschließendem Bewegungsverhalten herzustellen. Diese Dissertation hebt die Notwendigkeit methodischer und konzeptueller Erweiterungen beim Verständnis und der Förderung von Bewegungsverhalten hervor und trägt letztendlich zum übergeordneten Ziel bei, dem steigenden Trend der Inaktivität entgegenzuwirken. KW - exercise KW - Bewegungsverhalten KW - motivation KW - psychology KW - situated processes KW - dual process models KW - Zwei-Prozess Modelle KW - Sport und Bewegung KW - Motivation KW - Psychologie KW - situierte Prozesse Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-614323 ER - TY - THES A1 - Haß, Ulrike T1 - Vergleich anti-inflammatorischer Ernährungsstrategien auf Inflammation und Muskelfunktion bei älteren Erwachsenen T1 - Comparison of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches on inflammation and muscle function in old adults N2 - Mit dem Alter kann eine Zunahme leichtgradiger Entzündungsprozesse beobachtet werden, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie den typischen, altersbedingten Verlust an Muskelmasse, -kraft und -funktion „befeuern“. Diese als Inflammaging bezeichneten Prozesse können auf ein komplexes Zusammenspiel aus einem dysfunktionalen (viszeralen) Fettgewebe, einer Dysbiose und damit einhergehender mikrobiellen Translokation und geringeren Abwehrfähigkeit sowie einer insgesamt zunehmenden Immunseneszenz zurückgeführt werden. In Summa begünstigt ein pro-inflammatorisches Milieu metabolische Störungen und chronische, altersassoziierte Erkrankungen, die das Entzündungsgeschehen aufrechterhalten oder vorantreiben. Neben einem essenziellen Bewegungsmangel trägt auch eine westlich geprägte, industrialisierte Ernährungsweise zum Entzündungsgeschehen und zur Entwicklung chronischer Erkrankungen bei. Daher liegt die Vermutung nahe, dem Entzündungsgeschehen mit ausreichend Bewegung und einer anti-inflammatorischen Ernährung entgegenzuwirken. In dieser Hinsicht werden insbesondere Omega-3-Fettsäuren (Omega-3) mit anti-inflammatorischen Eigenschaften verbunden. Obwohl ein Zusammenhang zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial bzw. der Zufuhr von Omega-3 und dem Inflammationsprofil bereits untersucht wurde, fehlen bislang Untersuchungen insbesondere bei älteren Erwachsenen, die den Link zwischen dem Inflammationspotenzial der Ernährung und Sarkopenie-relevanten Muskelparametern herstellen. Aufgrund des Proteinmehrbedarfs zum Erhalt der funktionellen Muskulatur im Alter wurde bereits eine Vielzahl an Sport- und Ernährungsinterventionen durchgeführt, die eine Verbesserung des Muskelstatus mit Hilfe von strukturiertem Krafttraining und einer proteinreichen Ernährung zeigen. Es gibt zudem Hinweise, dass Omega-3 auch die Proteinsynthese verstärken könnten. Unklar ist jedoch, inwiefern eine anti-inflammatorische Ernährung mit Fokus auf Omega-3 sowohl die Entzündungsprozesse als auch den Muskelproteinmetabolismus und die neuromuskuläre Funktionalität im Alter günstig unterstützen kann. Dies vor allem im Hinblick auf die Muskelleistung, die eng mit der Sturzneigung und der Autonomie im Alltag verknüpft ist, aber in Interventionsstudien mit älteren Erwachsenen bisher wenig Berücksichtigung erhielt. Darüber hinaus werden häufig progressive Trainingselemente genutzt, die nach Studienabschluss oftmals wenig Anschluss im Lebensalltag der Betroffenen finden und somit wenig nachhaltig sind. Ziel dieser Arbeit war demnach die Evaluierung einer proteinreichen und zusätzlich mit Omega-3 supplementierten Ernährung in Kombination mit einem wöchentlichen Vibrationstraining und altersgemäßen Bewegungsprogramm auf Inflammation und neuromuskuläre Funktion bei älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen. Hierzu wurden zunächst mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen dem ernährungsbedingten Inflammationspotenzial, ermittelt anhand des Dietary Inflammatory Index, und dem Muskelstatus sowie dem Inflammationsprofil im Alter eruiert. Dazu dienten die Ausgangswerte von älteren, selbständig lebenden Erwachsenen einer postprandialen Interventionsstudie (POST-Studie), die im Querschnitt analysiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten, dass eine pro-inflammatorische Ernährung sich einerseits in einem stärkeren Entzündungsgeschehen widerspiegelt und andererseits mit Sarkopenie-relevanten Parametern, wie einer geringeren Muskelmasse und Gehgeschwindigkeit, ungünstig assoziiert ist. Darüber hinaus zeigten sich diese Zusammenhänge auch in Bezug auf die Handgreifkraft bei den inaktiven, älteren Erwachsenen der Studie. Anschließend wurde in einer explorativ ausgerichteten Pilot-Interventionsstudie (AIDA-Studie) in einem dreiarmigen Design untersucht, inwieweit sich eine Supplementierung mit Omega-3 unter Voraussetzung einer optimierten Proteinzufuhr und altersgemäßen Sportintervention mit Vibrationstraining auf die neuromuskuläre Funktion und Inflammation bei selbständig lebenden, älteren Erwachsenen auswirkt. Nach acht Wochen Intervention zeigte sich, dass eine mit Omega-3 supplementierte, proteinreiche Ernährung die Muskelleistung insbesondere bei den älteren Männern steigerte. Während sich die Kontrollgruppe nach acht Wochen Sportintervention nicht verbesserte, bestätigte sich zusätzlich eine Verbesserung der Beinkraft und der Testzeit beim Stuhl-Aufsteh-Test der älteren Erwachsenen mit einer proteinreichen Ernährung in Kombination mit der Sportintervention. Darüber hinaus wurde deutlich, dass die zusätzliche Omega-3-Supplementierung insbesondere bei den Männern eine Reduktion der pro-inflammatorischen Zytokine im Serum zur Folge hatte. Allerdings spiegelten sich diese Beobachtungen nicht auf Genexpressionsebene in mononukleären Immunzellen oder in der LPS-induzierten Sekretion der Zytokine und Chemokine in Vollblutzellkulturen wider. Dies erfordert weitere Untersuchungen. N2 - With aging, a persistent low-grade inflammatory process can be observed, which is thought to "fuel" the typical age-related loss of muscle mass, strength and function. These processes, also known as inflammaging, can be attributed to a complex interplay of dysfunctional (visceral) adipose tissue, dysbiosis and associated microbial translocation, with a reduced immune defence and overall increasing immunosenescence. This pro-inflammatory milieu favours metabolic disorders and chronic, age-associated diseases, which in turn maintain or increase the inflammatory process. Additionally, inactivity and a westernized diet contribute to inflammation and the development of chronic diseases. Therefore, it is assumed that regular exercise and an anti-inflammatory diet can counteract inflammaging. In particular, omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3) are known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Although it has been shown that the dietary inflammatory load as well as the intake of omega-3 is associated with inflammation, studies that establish the link between the diet-related inflammatory load and sarcopenia-relevant muscle parameters are still lacking, especially in older adults. Due to the higher protein requirement to maintain muscle function in higher age, exercise and nutritional interventions have been extensively studied and consistently show improvements in muscle status with resistance exercise and high-protein diets. Experimental investigations indicate that omega-3 may also support protein synthesis. However, it is unclear to what extent an anti-inflammatory diet with focus on omega-3 can support the inflammatory processes as well as muscle protein metabolism and neuromuscular function in higher age. In particular muscle power, which is a key element of functionality and strongly related with fall risk, received little attention in interventional studies with older adults so far. In addition, exercise studies often use elements of progressive resistance training protocols, which, however, are seldom sustained by the participants in everyday life after intervention. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate a high-protein diet supplemented with omega-3 in combination with an age-appropriate, home-based resistance exercise program and weekly vibration training on inflammation and neuromuscular function in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, cross-sectional associations between the diet-related inflammatory load, as determined by the Dietary Inflammatory Index, and muscle status as well as inflammation were investigated by baseline values of community-dwelling older adults, who participated in a postprandial intervention study (POST study). This cross-sectional analysis confirmed that a pro-inflammatory diet was reflected in a higher systemic inflammation and at the same time was associated with unfavourable sarcopenia-relevant parameters such as lower muscle mass and slower gait speed. In addition, a higher dietary inflammatory load and higher inflammation were both found to be associated with lower hand grip strength in inactive, older adults. Subsequently, the effects of an omega-3 supplemented, high-protein diet in combination with age-appropriate resistance exercises and weekly vibration training on neuromuscular function and inflammation were examined in community-dwelling older adults. For this purpose, an 8-week exploratory pilot trial in a three-arm study design (AIDA study) was carried out. It was shown that a high-protein diet, additionally supplemented with omega-3 increased muscle power particularly in older men. While the control group did not improve after eight weeks of exercise intervention, there was an improvement in leg strength and chair rise time in older adults receiving a high-protein diet combined with the exercise intervention. Moreover, an additional omega-3 supplementation resulted in a reduction of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in particular in older men. However, these observations in serum were not reflected on gene expression levels in mononuclear immune cells or in lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of the cytokines and chemokines in whole blood cultures and requires further investigation. KW - Ernährung KW - nutrition KW - Gerontologie KW - gerontology KW - Sport KW - exercise KW - Muskelschwund KW - sarcopenia KW - Hoch-Protein Diät KW - high protein diet KW - Omega-3 Fettsäuren KW - omega-3 fatty acid Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-611976 ER - TY - THES A1 - Pietrek, Anou F. T1 - Basic psychological needs and depression in the context of health and exercise N2 - Depressive Erkrankungen gehen mit verminderter Lebenszufriedenheit und reduzierter Arbeitsfähigkeit einher. Die Wartezeit für eine Psychotherapie beträgt in Deutschland derzeit zwischen drei und sechs Monaten. Demnach besteht Bedarf an alternativen, gleichwertigen evidenzbasierten Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die den Betroffenen niedrigschwellig zugänglich gemacht werden. Eine Vielzahl an empirischen Studien belegt die Wirksamkeit von Sport bei leichten und mittelschweren Depressionen. Zur weiterführenden Konzeption und Qualitätssicherung von Sport als Behandlungsoption ist es notwendig die konkreten Wirkmechanismen zu verstehen. Neben physiologischen spielen auch psychologische Faktoren eine Rolle im Wirkungsgeschehen. Als Metatheorie menschlichen Erlebens und Verhaltens bietet die Selbstbestimmungstheorie (engl.: Self-Determination Theory; SDT) einen nützlichen Bezugsrahmen zum Verständnis psychologischer Wirkmechanismen mit konkreten Ableitungen für die Behandlungspraktik. Die konzeptionelle Erweiterung der SDT um die Frustration psychologischer Grundbedürfnisse erweist sich neben der Bedürfnisbefriedigung zunehmend als hilfreich bei der Untersuchung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Der erste Teil dieser Dissertation besteht aus zwei Publikationen, die relevante Messinstrumente in dem genannten Kontext validieren. Der erste Fragebogen misst das Ausmaß an allgemein erlebter Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse nach Autonomie, Kompetenz und sozialer Eingebundenheit. Der zweite Fragebogen erhebt die erlebte Bedürfnisbefriedigung durch die anleitende Person (hier: Sporttherapeut*in). Der zweite Teil der Dissertation umfasst zwei Publikationen, welche die Befriedigung und Frustration der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse bei depressiven Symptomen untersuchen und einordnen. Es werden die Unterschiede im Ausmaß an Bedürfnisbefriedigung und Bedürfnisfrustration zwischen einer Stichprobe mit Depression mit einer Stichprobe ohne depressive Symptome untersucht. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Bedürfnisfrustration und depressiven Symptomen wird im Kontext etablierter pathologischer Prozesse (Emotionsdysregulation, Rumination) eingeordnet. Die Hauptergebnisse dieser Arbeiten zeigen, dass die SDT durch die Erweiterung der Basic Psychological Needs Theory um die Dimension der Bedürfnisfrustration ein nun breiteres Spektrum auf dem Gesundheit-Krankheit-Kontinuum abbildet. Dabei fokussiert die SDT auf die psychologische Wirkung von sozialen Umwelten. Neben der Nichterfüllung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse ist es vor allem die Bedürfnisfrustration, die einen allgemeinen Vulnerabilitätsfaktor für das Vorkommen psychologischer Erkrankungen darstellt. Zudem weist die unausgewogene Befriedigung der psychologischen Grundbedürfnisse möglicherweise auf ein konflikthaftes Erleben zwischen den Bedürfnissen hin. Für die Behandlungspraktik abzuleiten ist, dass eine autonomieunterstützende Atmosphäre, die die ausgewogene Befriedigung aller drei Bedürfnisse ermöglicht, zentral für den Behandlungserfolg ist. N2 - Depressive disorders are associated with reduced life satisfaction and ability to work. The waiting time for psychotherapy in Germany is currently between three and six months. Accordingly, there is a need for alternative, evidence-based treatment options that are made accessible to patients at a low threshold. A large number of empirical studies prove the effectiveness of exercise in mild and moderate depression. For further conceptualization and quality assurance of exercise as a treatment option, it is necessary to understand the concrete mechanisms of action. In addition to physiological factors, psychological factors also play a role in the effect. As a meta-theory of human experience and behavior, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a useful frame for understanding psychological mechanisms of action with concrete implications for treatment practice. The conceptual extension of SDT to include the frustration of basic psychological needs in addition to need satisfaction is proving useful in the study of mental illness. The first part of this dissertation consists of two publications that validate relevant measurement instruments in this context. The first questionnaire measures the extent of generally experienced satisfaction and frustration of the basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The second questionnaire measures the experienced satisfaction of needs by the instructor (here: exercise therapist). The second part of the dissertation includes two publications that examine and classify the satisfaction and frustration of basic psychological needs in depressive symptoms. Differences in the extent of need satisfaction and need frustration between a sample with depression and a sample without depressive symptoms are examined. Further, the relationship between need frustration and depressive symptoms is placed in the context of established pathological processes (emotional dysregulation, rumination). The main findings of this work show that by adding the dimension of need frustration to Basic Psychological Needs Theory, SDT now covers a broader spectrum on the health-disease continuum. In doing so, SDT focuses on the psychological impact of social environments. In addition to the nonfulfillment of basic psychological needs, it is primarily experienced need frustration that is a general vulnerability factor for the occurrence of psychological illness. Moreover, the unbalanced satisfaction of basic psychological needs possibly indicates a conflicting experience between the needs. For the treatment practice it can be deduced that an autonomy-supporting atmosphere, which enables the balanced satisfaction of all three needs, is central for the treatment success. T2 - Psychologische Grundbedürfnisse und Depression im Kontext von Gesundheit und Sport KW - basic psychological needs KW - depression KW - exercise KW - autonomy support KW - treatment KW - psychologische Grundbedürfnisse KW - Depression KW - Sport KW - Autonomieunterstützung KW - Behandlung Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Mueller, Juliane A1 - Stoll, Josefine A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Effect of six-week resistance and sensorimotor training on trunk strength and stability in elite adolescent athletes BT - a randomized controlled pilot trial JF - Frontiers in physiology N2 - Intervention in the form of core-specific stability exercises is evident to improve trunk stability. The purpose was to assess the effect of an additional 6 weeks sensorimotor or resistance training on maximum isokinetic trunk strength and response to sudden dynamic trunk loading (STL) in highly trained adolescent athletes. The study was conducted as a single-blind, 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Twenty-four adolescent athletes (14f/10 m, 16 +/- 1 yrs.;178 +/- 10 cm; 67 +/- 11 kg; training sessions/week 15 +/- 5; training h/week 22 +/- 8) were randomized into resistance training (RT; n = 7), sensorimotor training (SMT; n = 10), and control group (CG; n = 7). Athletes were instructed to perform standardized, center-based training for 6 weeks, two times per week, with a duration of 1 h each session. SMT consisted of four different core-specific sensorimotor exercises using instable surfaces. RT consisted of four trunk strength exercises using strength training machines, as well as an isokinetic dynamometer. All participants in the CG received an unspecific heart frequency controlled, ergometer-based endurance training (50 min at max. heart frequency of 130HF). For each athlete, each training session was documented in an individual training diary (e.g., level of SMT exercise; 1RM for strength exercise, pain). At baseline (M1) and after 6 weeks of intervention (M2), participants' maximum strength in trunk rotation (ROM:63 degrees) and flexion/extension (ROM:55 degrees) was tested on an isokinetic dynamometer (concentric/eccentric 30 degrees/s). STL was assessed in eccentric (30 degrees/s) mode with additional dynamometer-induced perturbation as a marker of core stability. Peak torque [Nm] was calculated as the main outcome. The primary outcome measurements (trunk rotation/extension peak torque: con, ecc, STL) were statistically analyzed by means of the two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (alpha = 0.05). Out of 12 possible sessions, athletes participated between 8 and 9 sessions (SMT: 9 +/- 3; RT: 8 +/- 3; CG: 8 +/- 4). Regarding main outcomes of trunk performance, experimental groups showed no significant pre-post difference for maximum trunk strength testing as well as for perturbation compensation (p > 0.05). It is concluded, that future interventions should exceed 6 weeks duration with at least 2 sessions per week to induce enhanced trunk strength or compensatory response to sudden, high-intensity trunk loading in already highly trained adolescent athletes, regardless of training regime. KW - core KW - training intervention KW - trunk stability KW - exercise KW - perturbation Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2022.802315 SN - 1664-042X VL - 13 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Heissel, Andreas T1 - Mental health literacy, treatment preferences and the lived experience of mental health problems in an Australian cancer sample JF - Psycho-oncology N2 - Objectives: The prevalence rates for mental health (MH) problems in cancer patients is high, although reduced uptake of services may be influenced by mental health literacy (MHL). The objective of this study was to investigate the MHL for depression and panic disorder (PD), including treatment preferences in Australian adults who had been diagnosed and treated for cancer, and whether MHL and treatment preferences was influenced by sex, age, and individuals' lived MH experience. Method: A total of 421 cancer survivors (n = 378 females) completed a self-report survey. Participants were asked to specify whether they had a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression, and to indicate treatment preferences for managing cancer-related distress. Two vignettes were administered to assess MHL for depression and PD. Results: The MHL accuracy for depression was higher than PD. Accuracy rates were higher for females with a lived experience with anxiety and/or depression; although the accuracy rate for PD was significantly lower in males. A high proportion of individuals preferred exercise and in-person counselling to manage depression and PD. Internet-based therapies were not strongly preferred for managing MH problems. Conclusions: The MHL for depression and PD is moderate for adult cancer survivors, with higher levels indicated for individuals with a personal lived experience with anxiety and/or depression. Public health campaigns for enhancing MHL should broaden to include individuals experiencing comorbid physical health conditions. Health providers also need to take into account client preferences for evidence-based therapies. KW - anxiety KW - cancer KW - exercise KW - major depression KW - mental health KW - preferences KW - psycho-oncology KW - treatment Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.5520 SN - 1057-9249 SN - 1099-1611 VL - 29 IS - 11 SP - 1883 EP - 1894 PB - Wiley CY - New York, NY ER - TY - GEN A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Oliver, Jonathan L. A1 - Pedley, Jason S. A1 - Lloyd, Rhodri S. A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1–2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24–48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 813 KW - human physical conditioning KW - exercise KW - resistance training KW - muscle strength KW - plyometric exercise KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - sports KW - football KW - youth sport Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-581031 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 813 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo A1 - Moran, Jason A1 - Oliver, Jonathan L. A1 - Pedley, Jason S. A1 - Lloyd, Rhodri S. A1 - Granacher, Urs T1 - Programming Plyometric-Jump Training in Soccer: A Review JF - Sports N2 - The aim of this review was to describe and summarize the scientific literature on programming parameters related to jump or plyometric training in male and female soccer players of different ages and fitness levels. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus using keywords related to the main topic of this study (e.g., “ballistic” and “plyometric”). According to the PICOS framework, the population for the review was restricted to soccer players, involved in jump or plyometric training. Among 7556 identified studies, 90 were eligible for inclusion. Only 12 studies were found for females. Most studies (n = 52) were conducted with youth male players. Moreover, only 35 studies determined the effectiveness of a given jump training programming factor. Based on the limited available research, it seems that a dose of 7 weeks (1–2 sessions per week), with ~80 jumps (specific of combined types) per session, using near-maximal or maximal intensity, with adequate recovery between repetitions (<15 s), sets (≥30 s) and sessions (≥24–48 h), using progressive overload and taper strategies, using appropriate surfaces (e.g., grass), and applied in a well-rested state, when combined with other training methods, would increase the outcome of effective and safe plyometric-jump training interventions aimed at improving soccer players physical fitness. In conclusion, jump training is an effective and easy-to-administer training approach for youth, adult, male and female soccer players. However, optimal programming for plyometric-jump training in soccer is yet to be determined in future research. KW - human physical conditioning KW - exercise KW - resistance training KW - muscle strength KW - plyometric exercise KW - musculoskeletal and neural physiological phenomena KW - movement KW - sports KW - football KW - youth sport Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10060094 SN - 2075-4663 VL - 10 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ET - 6 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Delfan, Maryam A1 - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh A1 - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar A1 - Nielsen, Jens Høiriis A1 - Delfan, Neda A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Saeidi, Ayoub A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Zouhal, Hassane T1 - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 802 KW - diabetes KW - apoptosis KW - miRNAs KW - exercise KW - cardiomyopathy Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-567238 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 802 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Delfan, Maryam A1 - Juybari, Raheleh Amadeh A1 - Gorgani-Firuzjaee, Sattar A1 - Nielsen, Jens Høiriis A1 - Delfan, Neda A1 - Laher, Ismail A1 - Saeidi, Ayoub A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Zouhal, Hassane T1 - High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Cardiac Function by miR-206 Dependent HSP60 Induction in Diabetic Rats JF - Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine N2 - Objective: A role for microRNAs is implicated in several biological and pathological processes. We investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on molecular markers of diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats. Methods: Eighteen male Wistar rats (260 ± 10 g; aged 8 weeks) with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (55 mg/kg, IP) were randomly allocated to three groups: control, MICT, and HIIT. The two different training protocols were performed 5 days each week for 5 weeks. Cardiac performance (end-systolic and end-diastolic dimensions, ejection fraction), the expression of miR-206, HSP60, and markers of apoptosis (cleaved PARP and cytochrome C) were determined at the end of the exercise interventions. Results: Both exercise interventions (HIIT and MICT) decreased blood glucose levels and improved cardiac performance, with greater changes in the HIIT group (p < 0.001, η2: 0.909). While the expressions of miR-206 and apoptotic markers decreased in both training protocols (p < 0.001, η2: 0.967), HIIT caused greater reductions in apoptotic markers and produced a 20% greater reduction in miR-206 compared with the MICT protocol (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both training protocols enhanced the expression of HSP60 (p < 0.001, η2: 0.976), with a nearly 50% greater increase in the HIIT group compared with MICT. Conclusions: Our results indicate that both exercise protocols, HIIT and MICT, have the potential to reduce diabetic cardiomyopathy by modifying the expression of miR-206 and its downstream targets of apoptosis. It seems however that HIIT is even more effective than MICT to modulate these molecular markers. KW - diabetes KW - apoptosis KW - miRNAs KW - exercise KW - cardiomyopathy Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2022.927956 SN - 2297-055X VL - 9 SP - 1 EP - 11 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - THES A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto T1 - Non-HIV comorbidities and exercise in German people living with HIV T1 - Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten und Bewegung bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben N2 - The post-antiretroviral therapy era has transformed HIV into a chronic disease and non-HIV comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and mental diseases) are more prevalent in PLWH. The source of these non-HIV comorbidities aside from traditional risk factor include HIV infection, inflammation, distorted immune activation, burden of chronic diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle like sedentarism. Exercise is known for its beneficial effects in mental and physical health; reasons why exercise is recommended to prevent and treat difference cardiovascular and mental diseases in the general population. This cumulative thesis aimed to comprehend the relation exercise has to non-HIV comorbidities in German PLWH. Four studies were conducted to 1) understand exercise effects in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength on PLWH through a systematic review and meta-analyses and 2) determine the likelihood of German PLWH developing non-HIV comorbidities, in a cross-sectional study. Meta-analytic examination indicates PLWH cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 ml·kg·min-1, 95% CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50%) and strength (of remark lowerbody strength by 16.8 kg, 95% CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) improves after an exercise intervention in comparison to a control group. Cross-sectional data suggest exercise has a positive effect on German PLWH mental health (less anxiety and depressive symptoms) and protects against the development of anxiety (PR: 0.57, 95%IC: 0.36 – 0.91, p = 0.01) and depression (PR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.41 – 0.94, p = 0.01). Likewise, exercise duration is related to a lower likelihood of reporting heart arrhythmias (PR: 0.20, 95%IC: 0.10 – 0.60, p < 0.01) and exercise frequency to a lower likelihood of reporting diabetes mellitus (PR: 0.40, 95%IC: 0.10 – 1, p < 0.01) in German PLWH. A preliminary recommendation for German PLWH who want to engage in exercise can be to exercise ≥ 1 time per week, at an intensity of 5 METs per session or > 103 MET·min·day-1, with a duration ≥ 150 minutes per week. Nevertheless, further research is needed to comprehend exercise dose response and protective effect for cardiovascular diseases, anxiety, and depression in German PLWH. N2 - In der Zeit seit der antiretroviralen Therapie hat sich HIV zu einer chronischen Erkrankung entwickelt und Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, z.B. Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und psychische Erkrankungen, treten bei Menschen, die mit HIV leben, häufiger auf. Die Herkunft dieser Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten, neben den traditionellen Risikofaktoren, sind HIV-Infektion, chronische Entzündung, eine gestörte Immunaktivierung, chronische Erkrankungen und eine ungesunde Lebensweise wie Bewegungsmangel. Bewegung ist bekannt für seine positive Wirkung auf die mentale und körperliche Gesundheit; das ist der Grund, warum Bewegung in der Prävention und der Behandlung verschiedener Herz-Kreislauf- und psychischer Erkrankungen in der Allgemeinbevölkerung empfohlen wird. Ziel dieser kumulativen Arbeit war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen körperlicher Bewegung und nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu untersuchen. Vier Studien wurden durchgeführt, um 1) die Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die kardiorespiratorische Fitness und die Muskelkraft von HIV-Infizierten durch eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analysen zu verstehen und 2) zu bestimmen, ob HIV-positive Menschen, die Bewegung treiben, entwickeln einen Nicht-HIV-Komorbiditäten. Die metaanalytische Untersuchung zeigt, dass sich die kardiorespiratorische Fitness (VO2max SMD = 0.61 mlkgmin-1, 95 % CI: 0.35-0.88, z = 4.47, p < 0.001, I2 = 50 %) und Kraft (Besonders in den unteren Extremitäten 16.8 kg, 95 % CI: 13–20.6, p< 0.001) nach einer Trainingsintervention im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe verbessert. Querschnittdaten deuten darauf hin, dass Bewegung eine positive Wirkung auf die psychische Gesundheit den deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben hat (weniger Angst und depressive Symptome) und vor der Entwicklung von Angst (PR: 0,57, 95 % IC: 0,36 - 0,91, p = 0,01) und Depression (PR: 0,62, 95 % IC: 0,41 - 0,94, p = 0,01) schützt. Ebenso geht die Dauer der Bewegung mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für Herzrhythmusstörungen einher, (PR: 0,20, 95 % IC: 0,10 - 0,60, p < 0,01). Eine vorläufige Empfehlung für deutsche Menschen, die mit HIV leben und die sich sportlich betätigen wollen, kann sein, ³ 1-mal pro Woche mit einer Intensität von 5 METs und einer Dauer von ³ 60 Minuten zu trainieren. Dennoch sind weitere Forschungen erforderlich, um die Dosiswirkung und die schützende Wirkung von Bewegung auf Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen, Angst und Depression bei deutschen Menschen, die mit HIV leben zu verstehen. KW - HIV KW - cardiovascular disease KW - anxiety KW - depression KW - exercise KW - Menschen, die mit HIV leben KW - Angst KW - Depression KW - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen KW - Bewegung Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-560842 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz A1 - Späth, Constantin A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic. Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 790 KW - meta-science KW - exercise KW - methods KW - quality KW - study designs KW - standards Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563625 SN - 1866-8364 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Nosrat, Sanaz A1 - Späth, Constantin A1 - Timme, Sinika T1 - Using COVID-19 Pandemic as a Prism: A Systematic Review of Methodological Approaches and the Quality of Empirical Studies on Physical Activity Behavior Change JF - Frontiers in Sports and Active Living N2 - Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of scientific endeavors. The goal of this systematic review is to evaluate the quality of the research on physical activity (PA) behavior change and its potential to contribute to policy-making processes in the early days of COVID-19 related restrictions. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of methodological quality of current research according to PRISMA guidelines using Pubmed and Web of Science, of articles on PA behavior change that were published within 365 days after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Items from the JBI checklist and the AXIS tool were used for additional risk of bias assessment. Evidence mapping is used for better visualization of the main results. Conclusions about the significance of published articles are based on hypotheses on PA behavior change in the light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among the 1,903 identified articles, there were 36% opinion pieces, 53% empirical studies, and 9% reviews. Of the 332 studies included in the systematic review, 213 used self-report measures to recollect prepandemic behavior in often small convenience samples. Most focused changes in PA volume, whereas changes in PA types were rarely measured. The majority had methodological reporting flaws. Few had very large samples with objective measures using repeated measure design (pre and during the pandemic). In addition to the expected decline in PA duration, these studies show that many of those who were active prepandemic, continued to be active during the pandemic. Conclusions: Research responded quickly at the onset of the pandemic. However, most of the studies lacked robust methodology, and PA behavior change data lacked the accuracy needed to guide policy makers. To improve the field, we propose the implementation of longitudinal cohort studies by larger organizations such as WHO to ease access to data on PA behavior, and suggest those institutions set clear standards for this research. Researchers need to ensure a better fit between the measurement method and the construct being measured, and use both objective and subjective measures where appropriate to complement each other and provide a comprehensive picture of PA behavior. KW - meta-science KW - exercise KW - methods KW - quality KW - study designs KW - standards Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.864468 SN - 2624-9367 VL - 4 SP - 1 EP - 17 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Kopinski, Stephan A1 - Sonnenburg, Dominik A1 - Schomöller, Anne A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn’s post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 773 KW - exercise KW - eccentric KW - muscle fatigue KW - trunk muscles KW - isokinetics KW - repeated bout effect KW - inflammation KW - exercise induced muscle damage KW - interleukin-6 KW - internleukin-10 KW - tumor necrosis factor-α Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-557409 SN - 1866-8364 SP - E9 EP - E17 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Schraplau, Anne A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Kopinski, Stephan A1 - Sonnenburg, Dominik A1 - Schomöller, Anne A1 - Risch, Lucie A1 - Kaplick, Hannes A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Feasability of An Eccentric Isokinetic Protocol to Induce Trunk Muscle Damage: A Pilot Study JF - Sports Medicine International Open N2 - Eccentric exercise is discussed as a treatment option for clinical populations, but specific responses in terms of muscle damage and systemic inflammation after repeated loading of large muscle groups have not been conclusively characterized. Therefore, this study tested the feasibility of an isokinetic protocol for repeated maximum eccentric loading of the trunk muscles. Nine asymptomatic participants (5 f/4 m; 34±6 yrs; 175±13 cm; 76±17 kg) performed three isokinetic 2-minute all-out trunk strength tests (1x concentric (CON), 2x eccentric (ECC1, ECC2), 2 weeks apart; flexion/extension, 60°/s, ROM 55°). Outcomes were peak torque, torque decline, total work, and indicators of muscle damage and inflammation (over 168 h). Statistics were done using the Friedman test (Dunn’s post-test). For ECC1 and ECC2, peak torque and total work were increased and torque decline reduced compared to CON. Repeated ECC bouts yielded unaltered torque and work outcomes. Muscle damage markers were highest after ECC1 (soreness 48 h, creatine kinase 72 h; p<0.05). Their overall responses (area under the curve) were abolished post-ECC2 compared to post-ECC1 (p<0.05). Interleukin-6 was higher post-ECC1 than CON, and attenuated post-ECC2 (p>0.05). Interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α were not detectable. All markers showed high inter-individual variability. The protocol was feasible to induce muscle damage indicators after exercising a large muscle group, but the pilot results indicated only weak systemic inflammatory responses in asymptomatic adults. KW - exercise KW - eccentric KW - muscle fatigue KW - trunk muscles KW - isokinetics KW - repeated bout effect KW - inflammation KW - exercise induced muscle damage KW - interleukin-6 KW - internleukin-10 KW - tumor necrosis factor-α Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1757-6724 SN - 2367-1890 VL - 6 SP - E9 EP - E17 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ET - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational Exercising and Self-Reported Cardiometabolic Diseases in German People Living with HIV: A Cross-Sectional Study T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 768 KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - metabolic disease KW - sedentary Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-552049 SN - 1866-8364 VL - 18 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ET - 21 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto A1 - Schuch, Felipe Barreto A1 - Zech, Philipp A1 - Kangas, Maria A1 - Rapp, Michael Armin A1 - Heißel, Andreas T1 - Recreational exercising and self-reported cardiometabolic diseases in German people living with HIV BT - A cross-sectional study JF - International journal of environmental research and public health : IJERPH / Molecular Diversity Preservation International N2 - Exercise is known for its beneficial effects on preventing cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) in the general population. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are prone to sedentarism, thus raising their already elevated risk of developing CMDs in comparison to individuals without HIV. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine if exercise is associated with reduced risk of self-reported CMDs in a German HIV-positive sample (n = 446). Participants completed a self-report survey to assess exercise levels, date of HIV diagnosis, CD4 cell count, antiretroviral therapy, and CMDs. Participants were classified into exercising or sedentary conditions. Generalized linear models with Poisson regression were conducted to assess the prevalence ratio (PR) of PLWH reporting a CMD. Exercising PLWH were less likely to report a heart arrhythmia for every increase in exercise duration (PR: 0.20: 95% CI: 0.10–0.62, p < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus for every increase in exercise session per week (PR: 0.40: 95% CI: 0.10–1, p < 0.01). Exercise frequency and duration are associated with a decreased risk of reporting arrhythmia and diabetes mellitus in PLWH. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying exercise as a protective factor for CMDs in PLWH. KW - HIV KW - exercise KW - cardiovascular diseases KW - metabolic disease KW - sedentary Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111579 SN - 1660-4601 VL - 18 IS - 21 SP - 1 EP - 10 PB - MDPI CY - Basel, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lazuras, Lambros A1 - Barkoukis, Vassilis A1 - Loukovitis, Andreas A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Hudson, Andy A1 - Mallia, Luca A1 - Michaelides, Michalis A1 - Muzi, Milena A1 - Petroczi, Andrea A1 - Zelli, Arnaldo T1 - Corrigendum: "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries (Frontiers in psychology. - 8 (2017), 717.) T2 - Frontiers in psychology KW - doping KW - behavioral reasoning KW - exercise KW - fitness KW - recreational sport KW - young adults Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01162 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -