TY - JOUR A1 - Olayide, Priscilla A1 - Large, Annabel A1 - Stridh, Linnea A1 - Rabbi, Ismail A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Stavolone, Livia A1 - Alexandersson, Erik T1 - Gene expression and metabolite profiling of thirteen Nigerian cassava landraces to elucidate starch and carotenoid composition JF - Agronomy N2 - The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase beta-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid composition, root and leaf tissues from thirteen field-grown cassava landraces were analyzed for agronomic traits, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and starch content. The expression of five genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were determined in selected landraces. Analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between starch and beta-carotene content, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between root yield and many carotenoids including beta-carotene. Carotenoid synthesis genes were expressed in both white and yellow cassava roots, but phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene-epsilon-cyclase (LCY epsilon), and beta-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHY beta) expression were generally higher in yellow roots. This study identified lines with reasonably high content of starch and beta-carotene that could be candidates for biofortification by further breeding or plant biotechnological means. KW - carotenoid biosynthesis KW - ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) KW - provitamin A KW - biofortification Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10030424 SN - 2073-4395 VL - 10 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 16 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - GEN A1 - Olayide, Priscilla A1 - Large, Annabel A1 - Stridh, Linnea A1 - Rabbi, Ismail A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Stavolone, Livia A1 - Alexandersson, Erik T1 - Gene expression and metabolite profiling of thirteen Nigerian cassava landraces to elucidate starch and carotenoid composition T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates effective approaches to improve provitamin A content of major staple crops. Cassava holds much promise for food security in sub-Saharan Africa, but a negative correlation between beta-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, and dry matter content has been reported, which poses a challenge to cassava biofortification by conventional breeding. To identify suitable material for genetic transformation in tissue culture with the overall aim to increase beta-carotene and maintain starch content as well as better understand carotenoid composition, root and leaf tissues from thirteen field-grown cassava landraces were analyzed for agronomic traits, carotenoid, chlorophyll, and starch content. The expression of five genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis were determined in selected landraces. Analysis revealed a weak negative correlation between starch and beta-carotene content, whereas there was a strong positive correlation between root yield and many carotenoids including beta-carotene. Carotenoid synthesis genes were expressed in both white and yellow cassava roots, but phytoene synthase 2 (PSY2), lycopene-epsilon-cyclase (LCY epsilon), and beta-carotenoid hydroxylase (CHY beta) expression were generally higher in yellow roots. This study identified lines with reasonably high content of starch and beta-carotene that could be candidates for biofortification by further breeding or plant biotechnological means. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1415 KW - carotenoid biosynthesis KW - ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) KW - provitamin A KW - biofortification Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517834 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesner-Reinhold, Melanie A1 - Schreiner, Monika A1 - Baldermann, Susanne A1 - Schwarz, Dietmar A1 - Hanschen, Franziska S. A1 - Kipp, Anna Patricia A1 - Rowan, Daryl D. A1 - Bentley-Hewitt, Kerry L. A1 - McKenzie, Marian J. T1 - Mechanisms of Selenium Enrichment and Measurement in Brassicaceous Vegetables, and Their Application to Human Health JF - Frontiers in plant science N2 - Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health. Se deficiency affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, particularly in developing countries, and there is increasing awareness that suboptimal supply of Se can also negatively affect human health. Selenium enters the diet primarily through the ingestion of plant and animal products. Although, plants are not dependent on Se they take it up from the soil through the sulphur (S) uptake and assimilation pathways. Therefore, geographic differences in the availability of soil Se and agricultural practices have a profound influence on the Se content of many foods, and there are increasing efforts to biofortify crop plants with Se. Plants from the Brassicales are of particular interest as they accumulate and synthesize Se into forms with additional health benefits, such as methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys). The Brassicaceae are also well-known to produce the glucosinolates; S-containing compounds with demonstrated human health value. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the selenoglucosinolates in the Brassicaceae raises questions regarding their potential bioefficacy. In this review we focus on Se uptake and metabolism in the Brassicaceae in the context of human health, particularly cancer prevention and immunity. We investigate the close relationship between Se and S metabolism in this plant family, with particular emphasis on the selenoglucosinolates, and consider the methodologies available for identifying and quantifying further novel Se-containing compounds in plants. Finally, we summarize the research of multiple groups investigating biofortification of the Brassicaceae and discuss which approaches might be most successful for supplying Se deficient populations in the future. KW - Brassica vegetables KW - selenium KW - biofortification KW - glucosinolates KW - human health KW - immune system KW - cancer KW - analytical methods Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01365 SN - 1664-462X VL - 8 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER -