TY  - JOUR
A1  - Olas, Justyna Jadwiga
A1  - Fichtner, Franziska
A1  - Apelt, Federico
T1  - All roads lead to growth
BT  - imaging-based and biochemical methods to measure plant growth
JF  - Journal of experimental botany
N2  - Plant growth is a highly complex biological process that involves innumerable interconnected biochemical and signalling pathways. Many different techniques have been developed to measure growth, unravel the various processes that contribute to plant growth, and understand how a complex interaction between genotype and environment determines the growth phenotype. Despite this complexity, the term 'growth' is often simplified by researchers; depending on the method used for quantification, growth is viewed as an increase in plant or organ size, a change in cell architecture, or an increase in structural biomass. In this review, we summarise the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plant growth, highlight state-of-the-art imaging and non-imaging-based techniques to quantitatively measure growth, including a discussion of their advantages and drawbacks, and suggest a terminology for growth rates depending on the type of technique used.
KW  - biomass
KW  - growth
KW  - imaging
KW  - kinematics
KW  - morphometrics
KW  - phenomics
KW  - phenotyping
KW  - relative expansion rate of growth (RER)
KW  - relative growth
KW  - rate (RGR)
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erz406
SN  - 0022-0957
SN  - 1460-2431
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 21
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  -