TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Kurbanoglu, Sevinc
A1  - Jetzschmann, Katharina J.
A1  - Ozkan, Sibel A.
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - Electrochemical MIP-Sensors for Drugs
JF  - Current Medicinal Chemistry
N2  - In order to replace bio-macromolecules by stable synthetic materials in separation techniques and bioanalysis biomimetic receptors and catalysts have been developed: Functional monomers are polymerized together with the target analyte and after template removal cavities are formed in the "molecularly imprinted polymer" (MIP) which resemble the active sites of antibodies and enzymes. Starting almost 80 years ago, around 1,100 papers on MIPs were published in 2016. Electropolymerization allows to deposit MIPs directly on voltammetric electrodes or chips for quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). For the readout of MIPs for drugs amperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offer higher sensitivity as compared with QCM or SPR. Application of simple electrochemical devices allows both the reproducible preparation of MIP sensors, but also the sensitive signal generation. Electrochemical MIP-sensors for the whole arsenal of drugs, e.g. the most frequently used analgesics, antibiotics and anticancer drugs have been presented in literature and tested under laboratory conditions. These biomimetic sensors typically have measuring ranges covering the lower nano-up to millimolar concentration range and they are stable under extreme pH and in organic solvents like nonaqueous extracts.
KW  - Biomimetic sensors
KW  - molecularly imprinted polymers
KW  - drug sensors
KW  - drug imprinting
KW  - electropolymerization
KW  - electrochemical sensors
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666171005103712
SN  - 0929-8673
SN  - 1875-533X
VL  - 25
IS  - 33
SP  - 4007
EP  - 4019
PB  - Bentham Science Publishers LTD
CY  - Sharjah
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yarman, Aysu
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - How reliable is the electrochemical readout of MIP sensors?
JF  - Sensors
N2  - Electrochemical methods offer the simple characterization of the synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the readouts of target binding. The binding of electroinactive analytes can be detected indirectly by their modulating effect on the diffusional permeability of a redox marker through thin MIP films. However, this process generates an overall signal, which may include nonspecific interactions with the nonimprinted surface and adsorption at the electrode surface in addition to (specific) binding to the cavities. Redox-active low-molecular-weight targets and metalloproteins enable a more specific direct quantification of their binding to MIPs by measuring the faradaic current. The in situ characterization of enzymes, MIP-based mimics of redox enzymes or enzyme-labeled targets, is based on the indication of an electroactive product. This approach allows the determination of both the activity of the bio(mimetic) catalyst and of the substrate concentration.
KW  - molecularly imprinted polymers
KW  - electropolymerization
KW  - direct electron
KW  - transfer
KW  - catalysis
KW  - redox marker
KW  - gate effect
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092677
SN  - 1424-8220
VL  - 20
IS  - 9
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  -