TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pajoro, Alice
A1  - Madrigal, Pedro
A1  - Muino, Jose M.
A1  - Tomas Matus, Jose
A1  - Jin, Jian
A1  - Mecchia, Martin A.
A1  - Debernardi, Juan M.
A1  - Palatnik, Javier F.
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
A1  - Arif, Muhammad
A1  - Wellmer, Frank
A1  - Krajewski, Pawel
A1  - Riechmann, Jose-Luis
A1  - Angenent, Gerco C.
A1  - Kaufmann, Kerstin
T1  - Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene regulation by MADS-domain transcription factors in flower development
JF  - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era
N2  - Background: Development of eukaryotic organisms is controlled by transcription factors that trigger specific and global changes in gene expression programs. In plants, MADS-domain transcription factors act as master regulators of developmental switches and organ specification. However, the mechanisms by which these factors dynamically regulate the expression of their target genes at different developmental stages are still poorly understood.
 Results: We characterized the relationship of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and DNA binding of two MADS-domain proteins at different stages of Arabidopsis flower development. Dynamic changes in APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 DNA binding correlated with changes in gene expression, and many of the target genes could be associated with the developmental stage in which they are transcriptionally controlled. We also observe dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during flower development. Remarkably, DNA binding of APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 is largely independent of the accessibility status of their binding regions and it can precede increases in DNA accessibility. These results suggest that APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 may modulate chromatin accessibility, thereby facilitating access of other transcriptional regulators to their target genes.
 Conclusions: Our findings indicate that different homeotic factors regulate partly overlapping, yet also distinctive sets of target genes in a partly stage-specific fashion. By combining the information from DNA-binding and gene expression data, we are able to propose models of stage-specific regulatory interactions, thereby addressing dynamics of regulatory networks throughout flower development. Furthermore, MADS-domain TFs may regulate gene expression by alternative strategies, one of which is modulation of chromatin accessibility.
KW  - Flower Development
KW  - Floral Organ
KW  - Floral Meristem
KW  - Chromatin Accessibility
KW  - Growth Regulate Factor
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2014-15-3-r41
SN  - 1465-6906
SN  - 1474-760X
VL  - 15
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  -