TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Scheffler, Christiane A1 - Pulungan, Aman B. A1 - Bandyopadhyay, Arup Ratan A1 - Ghosh, Jyoti Ratan A1 - Özdemir, Ayşegül A1 - Koca Özer, Başak A1 - Musalek, Martin A1 - Lebedeva, Lidia A1 - Godina, Elena A1 - Bogin, Barry A1 - Tutkuviene, Janina A1 - Budrytė, Milda A1 - Gervickaite, Simona A1 - Limony, Yehuda A1 - Kirchengast, Sylvia A1 - Buston, Peter A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Rösler, Antonia A1 - Gasparatos, Nikolaos A1 - Erofeev, Sergei A1 - Novine, Masiar A1 - Navazo, Bárbara A1 - Dahinten, Silvia A1 - Gomuła, Aleksandra A1 - Nowak-Szczepańska, Natalia A1 - Kozieł, Sławomir T1 - Environment, social behavior, and growth BT - Proceedings of the 30th Aschauer Soiree, held at Krobielowice, Poland, June 18th 2022 JF - Human biology and public health N2 - Twenty-four scientists met for the annual Auxological conference held at Krobielowice castle, Poland, to discuss the diverse influences of the environment and of social behavior on growth following last year’s focus on growth and public health concerns (Hermanussen et al., 2022b). Growth and final body size exhibit marked plastic responses to ecological conditions. Among the shortest are the pygmoid people of Rampasasa, Flores, Indonesia, who still live under most secluded insular conditions. Genetics and nutrition are usually considered responsible for the poor growth in many parts of this world, but evidence is accumulating on the prominent impact of social embedding on child growth. Secular trends not only in the growth of height, but also in body proportions, accompany the secular changes in the social, economic and political conditions, with major influences on the emotional and educational circumstances under which the children grow up (Bogin, 2021). Aspects of developmental tempo and aspects of sports were discussed, and the impact of migration by the example of women from Bangladesh who grew up in the UK. Child growth was considered in particular from the point of view of strategic adjustments of individual size within the network of its social group. Theoretical considerations on network characteristics were presented and related to the evolutionary conservation of growth regulating hypothalamic neuropeptides that have been shown to link behavior and physical growth in the vertebrate species. New statistical approaches were presented for the evaluation of short term growth measurements that permit monitoring child growth at intervals of a few days and weeks. KW - St. Nicolas House Analysis KW - child growth KW - body proportions KW - social network KW - public health KW - migration Y1 - 2023 U6 - https://doi.org/10.52905/hbph2023.1.59 SN - 2748-9957 VL - 1 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ndashimye, Felix A1 - Hebie, Oumarou A1 - Tjaden, Jasper T1 - Effectiveness of WhatsApp for measuring migration in follow-up phone surveys BT - lessons from a mode experiment in two low-income countries during COVID contact restrictions JF - Social science computer review N2 - Phone surveys have increasingly become important data collection tools in developing countries, particularly in the context of sudden contact restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. So far, there is limited evidence regarding the potential of the messenger service WhatsApp for remote data collection despite its large global coverage and expanding membership. WhatsApp may offer advantages in terms of reducing panel attrition and cutting survey costs. WhatsApp may offer additional benefits to migration scholars interested in cross-border migration behavior which is notoriously difficult to measure using conventional face-to-face surveys. In this field experiment, we compared the response rates between WhatsApp and interactive voice response (IVR) modes using a sample of 8446 contacts in Senegal and Guinea. At 12%, WhatsApp survey response rates were nearly eight percentage points lower than IVR survey response rates. However, WhatsApp offers higher survey completion rates, substantially lower costs and does not introduce more sample selection bias compared to IVR. We discuss the potential of WhatsApp surveys in low-income contexts and provide practical recommendations for field implementation. KW - WhatsApp KW - survey mode KW - migration KW - Covid KW - phone Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/08944393221111340 SN - 0894-4393 SN - 1552-8286 PB - Sage CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moldenhawer, Ted A1 - Moreno, Eduardo A1 - Schindler, Daniel A1 - Flemming, Sven A1 - Holschneider, Matthias A1 - Huisinga, Wilhelm A1 - Alonso, Sergio A1 - Beta, Carsten T1 - Spontaneous transitions between amoeboid and keratocyte-like modes of migration JF - Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology N2 - The motility of adherent eukaryotic cells is driven by the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton. Despite the common force-generating actin machinery, different cell types often show diverse modes of locomotion that differ in their shape dynamics, speed, and persistence of motion. Recently, experiments in Dictyostelium discoideum have revealed that different motility modes can be induced in this model organism, depending on genetic modifications, developmental conditions, and synthetic changes of intracellular signaling. Here, we report experimental evidence that in a mutated D. discoideum cell line with increased Ras activity, switches between two distinct migratory modes, the amoeboid and fan-shaped type of locomotion, can even spontaneously occur within the same cell. We observed and characterized repeated and reversible switchings between the two modes of locomotion, suggesting that they are distinct behavioral traits that coexist within the same cell. We adapted an established phenomenological motility model that combines a reaction-diffusion system for the intracellular dynamics with a dynamic phase field to account for our experimental findings. KW - cell migration KW - amoeboid motility KW - keratocytle-like motility KW - modes of KW - migration KW - D. discoideum KW - actin dynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2022.898351 SN - 2296-634X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Media CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harmsen, Mathijs A1 - Kriegler, Elmar A1 - van Vuuren, Detlef P. A1 - van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar A1 - Luderer, Gunnar A1 - Cui, Ryna A1 - Dessens, Olivier A1 - Drouet, Laurent A1 - Emmerling, Johannes A1 - Morris, Jennifer Faye A1 - Fosse, Florian A1 - Fragkiadakis, Dimitris A1 - Fragkiadakis, Kostas A1 - Fragkos, Panagiotis A1 - Fricko, Oliver A1 - Fujimori, Shinichiro A1 - Gernaat, David A1 - Guivarch, Céline A1 - Iyer, Gokul A1 - Karkatsoulis, Panagiotis A1 - Keppo, Ilkka A1 - Keramidas, Kimon A1 - Köberle, Alexandre A1 - Kolp, Peter A1 - Krey, Volker A1 - Krüger, Christoph A1 - Leblanc, Florian A1 - Mittal, Shivika A1 - Paltsev, Sergey A1 - Rochedo, Pedro A1 - van Ruijven, Bas J. A1 - Sands, Ronald D. A1 - Sano, Fuminori A1 - Strefler, Jessica A1 - Arroyo, Eveline Vasquez A1 - Wada, Kenichi A1 - Zakeri, Behnam T1 - Integrated assessment model diagnostics BT - key indicators and model evolution JF - Environmental research letters N2 - Integrated assessment models (IAMs) form a prime tool in informing about climate mitigation strategies. Diagnostic indicators that allow comparison across these models can help describe and explain differences in model projections. This increases transparency and comparability. Earlier, the IAM community has developed an approach to diagnose models (Kriegler (2015 Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 90 45–61)). Here we build on this, by proposing a selected set of well-defined indicators as a community standard, to systematically and routinely assess IAM behaviour, similar to metrics used for other modeling communities such as climate models. These indicators are the relative abatement index, emission reduction type index, inertia timescale, fossil fuel reduction, transformation index and cost per abatement value. We apply the approach to 17 IAMs, assessing both older as well as their latest versions, as applied in the IPCC 6th Assessment Report. The study shows that the approach can be easily applied and used to indentify key differences between models and model versions. Moreover, we demonstrate that this comparison helps to link model behavior to model characteristics and assumptions. We show that together, the set of six indicators can provide useful indication of the main traits of the model and can roughly indicate the general model behavior. The results also show that there is often a considerable spread across the models. Interestingly, the diagnostic values often change for different model versions, but there does not seem to be a distinct trend. KW - diagnostics KW - integrated assessment models KW - climate policy KW - Assessment Report IPCC KW - renewable energy KW - migration KW - AR6 Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abf964 SN - 1748-9326 VL - 16 IS - 5 PB - IOP Publishing CY - Bristol ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - Vietze, Jana T1 - "No, where are you really from?" BT - Testing the foreigner objectification scale with German adolescents BT - Testen der Foreigner Objectification Scale mit deutschen Jugendlichen JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie : Organ der Fachgruppen Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) N2 - Being perceived as a foreigner regardless of one's generational status, citizenship, or self-identification is called foreigner objectification. This is a form of identity denial and is linked to psychological distress. To test how foreigner objectification could be measured in Europe, we assessed whether the Foreigner Objectification Scale demonstrated reliability and validity with German adolescents. The sample included 806 9th graders from 17 high schools. The results showed that the scale demonstrates good reliability, scalar measurement invariance across gender and citizenship status, and partial scalar measurement invariance across family heritage, generational status, and cultural self-identification. Adolescents who scored higher on the scale also reported greater school behavioral disengagement, lower life satisfaction, and stronger ethnic identity. Our findings suggest that the scale is psychometrically sound and is linked in theoretically consistent ways to adjustment and ethnic identity. We conclude that this scale offers another way to capture subtle discrimination experiences that add to a more comprehensive understanding of discrimination and the related implications in Europe. N2 - Als Ausländer_in wahrgenommen zu werden, unabhängig vom Generationsstatus, der Staatsbürgerschaft oder der Selbstidentifikation, wird „foreigner objectification“ (Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung) genannt. Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung ist eine Form der Identitätsverleugnung und wird mit größerem psychologischem Stress in Verbindung gebracht. Um zu testen, wie Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung in Europa gemessen werden kann, untersuchten wir, ob die Foreigner Objectification Scale bei deutschen Jugendlichen Reliabilität und Validität aufweist. Die Stichprobe umfasste 806 Neuntklässler_innen aus 17 Sekundarschulen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Skala eine gute Reliabilität, skalare Messinvarianz über das Geschlecht und die Staatsbürgerschaft sowie eine partielle skalare Messinvarianz über die familiäre Herkunft, den Generationsstatus und die kulturelle Selbstidentifikation aufweist. Jugendliche, die höhere Werte auf der Skala erreichten, berichteten auch über ein größeres schulisches Disengagement, eine geringere Lebenszufriedenheit und eine stärkere ethnische Identität. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Skala psychometrisch solide ist und auf theoretisch konsistente Weise mit Adaptation und ethnischer Identität verbunden ist. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass diese Skala eine weitere Möglichkeit bietet, subtile Diskriminierungserfahrungen zu erfassen, die zu einem umfassenderen Verständnis von Diskriminierung und deren Auswirkungen in Europa beitragen. T2 - „Nein, woher kommst du denn wirklich?” KW - discrimination KW - foreigner objectification KW - migration KW - microaggression KW - Diskriminierung KW - Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung KW - Migration KW - Mikroaggression Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000242 SN - 0049-8637 SN - 2190-6262 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SP - 82 EP - 93 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Holzberg, Billy A1 - Madörin, Anouk A1 - Pfeifer, Michelle T1 - The sexual politics of border control BT - an introduction JF - Ethnic and racial studies N2 - In this introductory article to the special issue, we ask what role sexuality plays in the reproduction and contestation of border regimes and think sexuality towards its various entanglements with border control. As borders have been understood as a method for reproducing racialized distinctions, we argue that sexuality is also a method of bordering and illustrate how sexuality works as a key strategy for the capture, containment and regulation of mobility and movement. Taking a transnational approach, we bring together queer scholarship on borders and migration with the rich archive of feminist, Black, Indigenous and critical border perspectives to suggest that these strategies need to be understood in close relation to the (I) intersecting dynamics of colonial histories of racialization, (II) national regimes of reproductive control and (III) the containment of contagion, disease and sexual deviance. KW - sexuality KW - borders KW - transnational KW - migration KW - race KW - (post)coloniality Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2021.1892791 SN - 0141-9870 SN - 1466-4356 VL - 44 IS - 9 SP - 1485 EP - 1506 PB - Routledge CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Šedová, Barbora A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias T1 - Who are the climate migrants and where do they go? BT - Evidence from rural India JF - World development N2 - In this paper, we move from the large strand of research that looks at evidence of climate migration to the questions: who are the climate migrants? and where do they go? These questions are crucial to design policies that mitigate welfare losses of migration choices due to climate change. We study the direct and heterogeneous associations between weather extremes and migration in rural India. We combine ERAS reanalysis data with the India Human Development Survey household panel and conduct regression analyses by applying linear probability and multinomial logit models. This enables us to establish a causal relationship between temperature and precipitation anomalies and overall migration as well as migration by destination. We show that adverse weather shocks decrease rural-rural and international migration and push people into cities in different, presumably more prosperous states. A series of positive weather shocks, however, facilitates international migration and migration to cities within the same state. Further, our results indicate that in contrast to other migrants, climate migrants are likely to be from the lower end of the skill distribution and from households strongly dependent on agricultural production. We estimate that approximately 8% of all rural-urban moves between 2005 and 2012 can be attributed to weather. This figure might increase as a consequence of climate change. Thus, a key policy recommendation is to take steps to facilitate integration of less educated migrants into the urban labor market. KW - climate change KW - migration KW - household analysis KW - India KW - econometrics Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104848 SN - 0305-750X SN - 1873-5991 VL - 129 PB - Elsevier Science CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermanussen, Michael A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Scheffler, Christiane T1 - Statistical approaches to developmental and growth data of children and adolescents BT - an editorial to student research conducted during the 3rd international student summer school, July 2019, Potsdam and Gülpe, Germany JF - Journal of biological and clinical anthropology : Anthropologischer Anzeiger ; Mitteilungsorgan der Gesellschaft für Anthropologie KW - human growth KW - bone accumulation KW - environmental effects KW - migration KW - socioeconomic status KW - parental education KW - nutrition KW - statistical tools Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/2020/1302 SN - 0003-5548 SN - 2363-7099 VL - 77 IS - 5 SP - 355 EP - 357 PB - Schweizerbart CY - Stuttgart ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Syed, Moin T1 - Intersectionality and Youth Identity Development Research in Europe JF - Frontiers in Psychology N2 - The increasing application of intersectionality to the psychological study of identity development raises questions regarding how we as researchers construct and operationalize social identity categories, as well as how we best capture and address systems of oppression and privilege within our work. In the continental European context, the use of the intersectionality paradigm raises additional issues, since “race” was officially removed from the vernacular following the atrocities of WWII, yet racialized oppression continues to occur at every level of society. Within psychological research, participants are often divided into those with and without “migration background,” which can reiterate inequitable norms of national belonging while washing over salient lived experiences in relation to generation status, citizenship, religion, gender, and the intersection between these and other social locations. Although discrimination is increasingly examined in identity development research, rarely are the history and impact of colonialism and related socio-historical elements acknowledged. In the current paper, we aim to address these issues by reviewing previous research and discussing theoretical and practical possibilities for the future. In doing so, we delve into the problems of trading in one static social identity category (e.g., “race”) for another (e.g., “migration background/migrant”) without examining the power structures inherent in the creation of these top-down categories, or the lived experiences of those navigating what it means to be marked as a racialized Other. Focusing primarily on contextualized ethno-cultural identity development, we discuss relevant examples from the continental European context, highlighting research gaps, points for improvement, and best practices. KW - intersectionality KW - identity development KW - migration KW - ethnic-racial identity KW - youth identity KW - Europe KW - Islamophobia Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00078 SN - 1664-1078 VL - 11 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kruse, Stefan A1 - Kolmogorov, Aleksey I. A1 - Pestryakova, Luidmila Agafyevna A1 - Herzschuh, Ulrike T1 - Long-lived larch clones may conserve adaptations that could restrict treeline migration in northern Siberia JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - The occurrence of refugia beyond the arctic treeline and genetic adaptation therein play a crucial role of largely unknown effect size. While refugia have potential for rapidly colonizing the tundra under global warming, the taxa may be maladapted to the new environmental conditions. Understanding the genetic composition and age of refugia is thus crucial for predicting any migration response. Here, we genotype 194 larch individuals from an similar to 1.8 km(2)area in northcentral Siberia on the southern Taimyr Peninsula by applying an assay of 16 nuclear microsatellite markers. For estimating the age of clonal individuals, we counted tree rings at sections along branches to establish a lateral growth rate that was then combined with geographic distance. Findings reveal that the predominant reproduction type is clonal (58.76%) by short distance spreading of ramets. One outlier of clones 1 km apart could have been dispersed by reindeer. In clonal groups and within individuals, we find that somatic mutations accumulate with geographic distance. Clonal groups of two or more individuals are observed. Clonal age estimates regularly suggest individuals as old as 2,200 years, which coincides with a major environmental change that forced a treeline retreat in the region. We conclude that individuals with clonal growth mode were naturally selected as it lowers the likely risk of extinction under a harsh environment. We discuss this legacy from the past that might now be a maladaptation and hinder expansion under currently strongly increasing temperatures. KW - adaptation KW - clonal growth KW - growth rate KW - Larix KW - leading edge KW - treeline KW - migration Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6660 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 10 IS - 18 SP - 10017 EP - 10030 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dalleau, Mayeul A1 - Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie A1 - Gangat, Yassine A1 - Bourjea, Jerome A1 - Lajoie, Gilles A1 - Grimm, Volker T1 - Modeling the emergence of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots of the green sea turtle JF - Ecology and evolution N2 - Environmental factors shape the spatial distribution and dynamics of populations. Understanding how these factors interact with movement behavior is critical for efficient conservation, in particular for migratory species. Adult female green sea turtles, Chelonia mydas, migrate between foraging and nesting sites that are generally separated by thousands of kilometers. As an emblematic endangered species, green turtles have been intensively studied, with a focus on nesting, migration, and foraging. Nevertheless, few attempts integrated these behaviors and their trade‐offs by considering the spatial configurations of foraging and nesting grounds as well as environmental heterogeneity like oceanic currents and food distribution. We developed an individual‐based model to investigate the impact of local environmental conditions on emerging migratory corridors and reproductive output and to thereby identify conservation priority sites. The model integrates movement, nesting, and foraging behavior. Despite being largely conceptual, the model captured realistic movement patterns which confirm field studies. The spatial distribution of migratory corridors and foraging hot spots was mostly constrained by features of the regional landscape, such as nesting site locations, distribution of feeding patches, and oceanic currents. These constraints also explained the mixing patterns in regional forager communities. By implementing alternative decision strategies of the turtles, we found that foraging site fidelity and nesting investment, two characteristics of green turtles' biology, are favorable strategies under unpredictable environmental conditions affecting their habitats. Based on our results, we propose specific guidelines for the regional conservation of green turtles as well as future research suggestions advancing spatial ecology of sea turtles. Being implemented in an easy to learn open‐source software, our model can coevolve with the collection and analysis of new data on energy budget and movement into a generic tool for sea turtle research and conservation. Our modeling approach could also be useful for supporting the conservation of other migratory marine animals. KW - connectivity KW - corridors KW - individual-based model KW - migration KW - movement KW - sea turtle Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5552 SN - 2045-7758 VL - 9 IS - 18 SP - 10317 EP - 10342 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Krüger-Genge, Anne A1 - Dietze, Stefanie A1 - Yan, Wan A1 - Liu, Yue A1 - Fang, Liang A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Jung, Friedrich T1 - Endothelial cell migration, adhesion and proliferation on different polymeric substrates JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - BACKGROUND: The formation of a functionally-confluent endothelial cell (EC) monolayer affords proliferation of EC, which only happens in case of appropriate migratory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY: The migratory pathway of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) was investigated on different polymeric substrates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Surface characterization of the polymers was performed by contact angle measurements and atomic force microscopy under wet conditions. 30,000 HUVEC per well were seeded on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (theta(adv) = 119 degrees +/- 2 degrees), on low-attachment plate LAP (theta(adv) = 28 degrees +/- 2 degrees) and on polystyrene based tissue culture plates (TCP, theta(adv) = 22 degrees +/- 1 degrees). HUVEC tracks (trajectories) were recorded by time lapse microscopy and the euclidean distance (straight line between starting and end point), the total distance and the velocities of HUVEC not leaving the vision field were determined. RESULTS: On PTFE, 42 HUVEC were in the vision field directly after seeding. The mean length of single migration steps (SML) was 6.1 +/- 5.2 mu m, the mean velocity (MV) 0.40 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1) and the complete length of the trajectory (LT) was 710 +/- 440 mu m. On TCP 82 HUVEC were in the vision field subsequent to seeding. The LT was 840 +/- 550 mu m, the SML 6.1 +/- 5.2 mu m and the MV 0.44 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1). The trajectories on LAP differed significantly in respect to SML (2.4 +/- 3.9 mu m, p <0.05), the MV (0.16 +/- 0.3 mu m.min(-1), p <0.05) and the LT (410 +/- 300 mu m, p <0.05), compared to PTFE and TCP. Solely on TCP a nearly confluent EC monolayer developed after three days. While on TCP diffuse signals of vinculin were found over the whole basal cell surface organizing the binding of the cells by focal adhesions, on PTFE vinculin was merely arranged at the cell rims, and on the hydrophilic material (LAP) no focal adhesions were found. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the wettability of polymers affected not only the initial adherence but also the migration of EC, which is of importance for the proliferation and ultimately the endothelialization of polymer-based biomaterials. KW - Endothelial cells KW - migration KW - polymer-based biomaterials KW - cytokine release Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-189317 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 70 IS - 4 SP - 511 EP - 529 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Li, Zhengdong A1 - Xu, Xun A1 - Wang, Weiwei A1 - Kratz, Karl A1 - Sun, Xianlei A1 - Zou, Jie A1 - Deng, Zijun A1 - Jung, Friedrich Wilhelm A1 - Gossen, Manfred A1 - Ma, Nan A1 - Lendlein, Andreas T1 - Modulation of the mesenchymal stem cell migration capacity via preconditioning with topographic microstructure JF - Clinical hemorheology and microcirculation : blood flow and vessels N2 - Controlling mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) behavior is necessary to fully exploit their therapeutic potential. Various approaches are employed to effectively influence the migration capacity of MSCs. Here, topographic microstructures with different microscale roughness were created on polystyrene (PS) culture vessel surfaces as a feasible physical preconditioning strategy to modulate MSC migration. By analyzing trajectories of cells migrating after reseeding, we demonstrated that the mobilization velocity of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) could be promoted by and persisted after brief preconditioning with the appropriate microtopography. Moreover, the elevated activation levels of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in hADSCs were also observed during and after the preconditioning process. These findings underline the potential enhancement of in vivo therapeutic efficacy in regenerative medicine via transplantation of topographic microstructure preconditioned stem cells. KW - Mesenchymal stem cells KW - precondition KW - microstructure KW - migration KW - FAK-MAPK Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3233/CH-179208 SN - 1386-0291 SN - 1875-8622 VL - 67 SP - 267 EP - 278 PB - IOS Press CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tassi, Francesca A1 - Vai, Stefania A1 - Ghirotto, Silvia A1 - Lari, Martina A1 - Modi, Alessandra A1 - Pilli, Elena A1 - Brunelli, Andrea A1 - Susca, Roberta Rosa A1 - Budnik, Alicja A1 - Labuda, Damian A1 - Alberti, Federica A1 - Lalueza-Fox, Carles A1 - Reich, David A1 - Caramelli, David A1 - Barbujani, Guido T1 - Genome diversity in the Neolithic Globular Amphorae culture and the spread of Indo-European languages JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences N2 - It is unclear whether Indo-European languages in Europe spread from the Pontic steppes in the late Neolithic, or from Anatolia in the Early Neolithic. Under the former hypothesis, people of the Globular Amphorae culture (GAC) would be descended from Eastern ancestors, likely representing the Yamnaya culture. However, nuclear (six individuals typed for 597 573 SNPs) and mitochondrial (11 complete sequences) DNA from the GAC appear closer to those of earlier Neolithic groups than to the DNA of all other populations related to the Pontic steppe migration. Explicit comparisons of alternative demographic models via approximate Bayesian computation confirmed this pattern. These results are not in contrast to Late Neolithic gene flow from the Pontic steppes into Central Europe. However, they add nuance to this model, showing that the eastern affinities of the GAC in the archaeological record reflect cultural influences from other groups from the East, rather than the movement of people. KW - population genomics KW - ancient DNA KW - migration KW - Neolithic KW - Indo-European KW - approximate Bayesian computation Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1540 SN - 0962-8452 SN - 1471-2954 VL - 284 PB - Royal Society CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rotics, Shay A1 - Kaatz, Michael A1 - Resheff, Yehezkel S. A1 - Turjeman, Sondra Feldman A1 - Zurell, Damaris A1 - Sapir, Nir A1 - Eggers, Ute A1 - Flack, Andrea A1 - Fiedler, Wolfgang A1 - Jeltsch, Florian A1 - Wikelski, Martin A1 - Nathan, Ran T1 - The challenges of the first migration: movement and behaviour of juvenile vs. adult white storks with insights regarding juvenile mortality JF - Journal of animal ecology : a journal of the British Ecological Society N2 - 1. Migration conveys an immense challenge, especially for juvenile birds coping with enduring and risky journeys shortly after fledging. Accordingly, juveniles exhibit considerably lower survival rates compared to adults, particularly during migration. Juvenile white storks (Ciconia ciconia), which are known to rely on adults during their first fall migration presumably for navigational purposes, also display much lower annual survival than adults. 2. Using detailed GPS and body acceleration data, we examined the patterns and potential causes of age-related differences in fall migration properties of white storks by comparing first-year juveniles and adults. We compared juvenile and adult parameters of movement, behaviour and energy expenditure (estimated from overall dynamic body acceleration) and placed this in the context of the juveniles’ lower survival rate. 3. Juveniles used flapping flight vs. soaring flight 23% more than adults and were estimated to expend 14% more energy during flight. Juveniles did not compensate for their higher flight costs by increased refuelling or resting during migration. When juveniles and adults migrated together in the same flock, the juvenile flew mostly behind the adult and was left behind when they separated. Juveniles showed greater improvement in flight efficiency throughout migration compared to adults which appears crucial because juveniles exhibiting higher flight costs suffered increased mortality. 4. Our findings demonstrate the conflict between the juveniles’ inferior flight skills and their urge to keep up with mixed adult–juvenile flocks. We suggest that increased flight costs are an important proximate cause of juvenile mortality in white storks and likely in other soaring migrants and that natural selection is operating on juvenile variation in flight efficiency. KW - flight KW - flight efficiency KW - juvenile mortality KW - migration KW - white stork Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12525 SN - 0021-8790 SN - 1365-2656 VL - 85 SP - 938 EP - 947 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Dammhahn, Melanie A1 - Rakotondramanana, Claude Fabienne A1 - Goodman, Steven M. T1 - Coexistence of morphologically similar bats (Vespertilionidae) on Madagascar: stable isotopes reveal fine-grained niche differentiation among cryptic species JF - Journal of tropical ecology N2 - Based on niche theory, closely related and morphologically similar species are not predicted to coexist due to overlap in resource and habitat use. Local assemblages of bats often contain cryptic taxa, which co-occur despite notable similarities in morphology and ecology. We measured in two different habitat types on Madagascar levels of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in hair (n = 103) and faeces (n = 57) of cryptic Vespertilionidae taxa to indirectly examine whether fine-grained trophic niche differentiation explains their coexistence. In the dry deciduous forest (Kirindy), six sympatric species ranged over 6.0% in delta N-15, i.e. two trophic levels, and 4.2% in delta C-13 with a community mean of 11.3% in delta N-15 and - 21.0% in delta C-13. In the mesic forest (Antsahabe), three sympatric species ranged over one trophic level (delta N-15: 2.4%, delta C-13: 1.0%) with a community mean of 8.0% delta N-15 and - 21.7% in delta C-13. Multivariate analyses and residual permutation of Euclidian distances in delta C-13- delta N-15 bi-plots revealed in both communities distinct stable isotope signatures and species separation for the hair samples among coexisting Vespertilionidae. Intraspecific variation in faecal and hair stable isotopes did not indicate that seasonal migration might relax competition and thereby facilitate the local co-occurrence of sympatric taxa. KW - Chiroptera KW - community structure KW - congeneric species KW - ecological niches KW - migration KW - Neoromicia KW - Pipistrellus KW - Scotophilus KW - stable carbon KW - stable nitrogen Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467414000741 SN - 0266-4674 SN - 1469-7831 VL - 31 SP - 153 EP - 164 PB - Cambridge Univ. Press CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sic, Heiko A1 - Kraus, Helene A1 - Madl, Josef A1 - Flittner, Karl-Andreas A1 - von Muenchow, Audrey Lilly A1 - Pieper, Kathrin A1 - Rizzi, Marta A1 - Kienzler, Anne-Kathrin A1 - Ayata, Korcan A1 - Rauer, Sebastian A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Salzer, Ulrich A1 - Burger, Meike A1 - Zirlik, Katja A1 - Lougaris, Vassilios A1 - Plebani, Alessandro A1 - Roemer, Winfried A1 - Loeffler, Christoph A1 - Scaramuzza, Samantha A1 - Villa, Anna A1 - Noguchi, Emiko A1 - Grimbacher, Bodo A1 - Eibel, Hermann T1 - Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors control B-cell migration through signaling components associated with primary immunodeficiencies, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and multiple sclerosis JF - The journal of allergy and clinical immunology N2 - Background: Five different G protein-coupled sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1P1-S1P5) regulate a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic processes, including lymphocyte circulation, multiple sclerosis (MS), and cancer. Although B-lymphocyte circulation plays an important role in these processes and is essential for normal immune responses, little is known about S1P receptors in human B cells. Objective: To explore their function and signaling, we studied B-cell lines and primary B cells from control subjects, patients with leukemia, patients with S1P receptor inhibitor-treated MS, and patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Methods: S1P receptor expression was analyzed by using multicolor immunofluorescence microscopy and quantitative PCR. Transwell assays were used to study cell migration. S1P receptor internalization was visualized by means of time-lapse imaging with fluorescent S1P receptor fusion proteins expressed by using lentiviral gene transfer. B-lymphocyte subsets were characterized by means of flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results: Showing that different B-cell populations express different combinations of S1P receptors, we found that S1P1 promotes migration, whereas S1P4 modulates and S1P2 inhibits S1P1 signals. Expression of CD69 in activated B lymphocytes and B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia inhibited S1P-induced migration. Studying B-cell lines, normal B lymphocytes, and B cells from patients with primary immunodeficiencies, we identified Bruton tyrosine kinase, beta-arrestin 2, LPS-responsive beige-like anchor protein, dedicator of cytokinesis 8, and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein as critical signaling components downstream of S1P1. Conclusion: Thus S1P receptor signaling regulates human B-cell circulation and might be a factor contributing to the pathology of MS, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and primary immunodeficiencies. KW - Sphingosine-1-phosphate KW - B cells KW - migration KW - autoimmunity KW - circulation KW - fingolimod KW - FTY720 KW - primary immunodeficiencies Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.01.037 SN - 0091-6749 SN - 1097-6825 VL - 134 IS - 2 SP - 420 EP - + PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - "Parallel Societies" of the Past? - Articulations of citizenship's commemorative dimension in Berlin's cityscape JF - Space and Culture N2 - Historical narratives play an important role in constructing contemporary notions of citizenship. They are sites on which ideas of the nation are not only reaffirmed but also contested and reframed. In contemporary Germany, dominant narratives of the country's modern history habitually focus on the legacy of the Third Reich and tend to marginalize the country's rich and highly complex histories of immigration. The article addresses this commemorative void in relation to Berlin's urban landscape. It explores how the city's multilayered architecture provides locations for the articulation of marginal memoriesand hence sites of urban citizenshipthat are often denied to immigrant communities on a national scale. Through a detailed examination of a small celebration in 1965 that marked the anniversary of the founding of the modern Turkish republic, the article engages with the layers of history that coalesce around such sites in Berlin. KW - Berlin KW - commemorative acts of citizenship KW - migration KW - multidirectional memory Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331213487051 SN - 1206-3312 VL - 16 IS - 3 SP - 261 EP - 273 PB - Sage Publ. CY - Thousand Oaks ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Möller, Ingrid A1 - Krahé, Barbara A1 - Busching, Robert T1 - Consumption of media violence and aggressive behavior a longitudinal study of German adolescents with and without migration background JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie N2 - The consumption of media violence and aggressive behavior were assessed three times in a sample of N=1,052 German adolescents with and without migration background over a period of two years with 12-month intervals. The adolescents in the two groups, who were in grades 7 and 8 at T1, were matched by gender, age, type of school, and academic achievement. Students in the migrant group reported higher consumption of violent media. At T3, they showed more physical but less relational aggression than their peers of German background. Cross-lagged panel analyses showed parallel associations between media violence use and aggression in both groups: Media violence consumption at T1 and T2 predicted physical aggression at T2 and T3 independent of ethnic background. The reverse path from physical aggression to media violence consumption was nonsignificant. No link was found between media violence use and relational aggression over time. KW - media violence KW - aggression KW - migration KW - adolescence KW - longitudinal study Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000086 SN - 0049-8637 VL - 45 IS - 3 SP - 121 EP - 130 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Discher, Christian T1 - Identități hibride în comunitatea imigranților români T1 - Hybridity in the Romanian diaspora in Paris N2 - In articolul cu titlul "Identități hibride în comunitatea imigranților români" sunt prezentate rezultate parțiale precum și anumite analize a citatelor vorbitorilor din proiectul meu de doctorat cu titlul Sprachkontakt, Migration und Variation: Die frankophone Integration von Rumänen in Paris nach 1989. Lingvistica migratoare observă mișcările migranților români după căderea cortinei de fier. Aceștia au fost nevoiți să suporte consecințele managementului eronat al sistemului comunist. Între 1989 și 2012 mii de români au pǎrǎsit țara. Începând de atunci numărul imigranților români în Paris a crescut în mod significant. Scopul acestei contribuții este ilustrarea identității sociale a comunității migrante. În centrul lucrării se află descrierea procesului cultural și integrării lingvistice prin observarea dezvoltării a noi identități hibride. N2 - In this article are partial results from selected quotes from Romanians used in my dissertation titled “Sprachkontakt, Migration und Variation: Die frankophone Integration von Rumänen in Paris nach 1989.” A branch of linguistics that accounts for the movements of migrants observes that after the fall of the Iron Curtain the Romanian people had to face the consequences of the communists’ mismanagement. Between 1989 and 2012, thousands of people in formerly Soviet-controlled countries left their homes to move west. Since then, the number of Romanian immigrants in Paris has risen significantly. In order to retrace the process of cultural and linguistic integration, the aim of this work is to illustrate the social identity of the migrant community in which hybrid identities have evolved. KW - Rumänien KW - Migration KW - Variation KW - Sprachkontakt KW - Rumänen KW - Romania KW - migration KW - language contact KW - variety KW - Romanian Y1 - 2013 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-67785 SP - 5 EP - 23 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER -