TY  - JOUR
A1  - Taylor, Vivien
A1  - Goodale, Britton
A1  - Raab, Andrea
A1  - Schwerdtle, Tanja
A1  - Reimer, Ken
A1  - Conklin, Sean
A1  - Karagas, Margaret R.
A1  - Francesconi, Kevin A.
T1  - Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood
JF  - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man
N2  - Seafood, including finfish, shellfish, and seaweed, is the largest contributor to arsenic (As) exposure in many human populations. In contrast to the predominance of inorganic As in water and many terrestrial foods, As in marine-derived foods is present primarily in the form of organic compounds. To date, human exposure and toxicological assessments have focused on inorganic As, while organic As has generally been considered to be nontoxic. However, the high concentrations of organic As in seafood, as well as the often complex As speciation, can lead to complications in assessing As exposure from diet. In this report, we evaluate the presence and distribution of organic As species in seafood, and combined with consumption data, address the current capabilities and needs for determining human exposure to these compounds. The analytical approaches and shortcomings for assessing these compounds are reviewed, with a focus on the best practices for characterization and quantitation. Metabolic pathways and toxicology of two important classes of organic arsenicals, arsenolipids and arsenosugars, are examined, as well as individual variability in absorption of these compounds. Although determining health outcomes or assessing a need for regulatory policies for organic As exposure is premature, the extensive consumption of seafood globally, along with the preliminary toxicological profiles of these compounds and their confounding effect on assessing exposure to inorganic As, suggests further investigations and process-level studies on organic As are needed to fill the current gaps in knowledge.
KW  - Organic arsenic
KW  - Seafood
KW  - Arsenosugar
KW  - Arsenolipid
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.113
SN  - 0048-9697
SN  - 1879-1026
VL  - 580
SP  - 266
EP  - 282
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -