TY  - JOUR
A1  - Berzewski, Horst
T1  - Anxiety and panic in case of emergency correct diagnostics and treatment
JF  - Der Notarzt : notfallmedizinische Informationen
N2  - Fearful patients are in emergency situation often inattentive, unable to concentrate, agitated or even aroused. They show reduced perception and restricted willingness to cooperate. In severe conditions these patients are strongly tending towards more hazardous behavior: refusal of necessary therapy, break out or even high suicidal risk. Within disaster situations (mass accidents, fires) fearful patients with their agitated and persuasive behavior can influence other victims and with that trigger a situation of mass panic that has to be avoided at any cost. Therefore these patients must be swiftly identified and separated from the event. A diligent diagnosis process including physical-neurological examination is necessary. The recommended treatment within the emergency situation consists of a close continuous personal contact through assuring and encouraging conversations. A sense of security should be created by explaining the planned therapeutic interventions in simple, easy-to-follow and understandable words. If this necessary psycho-therapeutic intervention can not be applied a short-term psychopharmacological treatment is required preferably with Benzodiazepines. Still a long-term specific therapy is highly advised, since these disturbances, if left untreated, will lead to a chronic manifestation and with that to considerable psychosocial impairments.
KW  - anxiety
KW  - panic
KW  - short-term-intervention
KW  - emergency
KW  - benzodiazepines
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1276848
SN  - 0177-2309
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 148
EP  - 153
PB  - Thieme
CY  - Stuttgart
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kreibich, Heidi
A1  - Hudson, Paul
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - Knowing what to do substantially improves the effectiveness of flood early warning
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
N2  - Flood warning systems are longstanding success stories with respect to protecting human life, but monetary losses continue to grow. Knowledge on the effectiveness of flood early warning in reducing monetary losses is scarce, especially at the individual level. To gain more knowledge in this area, we analyze a dataset that is unique with respect to detailed information on warning reception and monetary losses at the property level and with respect to amount of data available. The dataset contains 4,468 loss cases from six flood events in Germany. These floods occurred between 2002 and 2013. The data from each event were collected by computer-aided telephone interviews in four surveys following a repeated cross-sectional design. We quantitatively reveal that flood early warning is only effective in reducing monetary losses when people know what to do when they receive the warning. We also show that particularly long-term preparedness is associated with people knowing what to do when they receive a warning. Thus, risk communication, training, and (financial) support for private preparedness are effective in mitigating flood losses in two ways: precautionary measures and more effective emergency responses.
KW  - adaptation
KW  - damage assessment
KW  - emergency preparedness
KW  - emergency
KW  - response
KW  - flood events
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0262.1
SN  - 0003-0007
SN  - 1520-0477
VL  - 102
IS  - 7
SP  - E1450
EP  - E1463
PB  - American Meteorological Soc.
CY  - Boston
ER  -