TY - JOUR A1 - Henike, Tassilo A1 - Kamprath, Martin A1 - Hölzle, Katharina T1 - Effecting, but effective? BT - how business model visualisations unfold cognitive impacts JF - Long range planning : LRP ; international journal of strategic management / Strategic Planning Society N2 - Business model (BM) visualisations have become popular instruments with which to explain and manage today's complex business interactions. Using verbal and graphic elements, they provide simplified representations of reality and can support BM tasks that go beyond working memory's capacities. Visualisations thus reduce cognitive load and represent how practitioners and researchers think about BMs. However, they can also affect their thinking. This constitutes a thus far insufficiently explained tension between effectively reducing reality's complexity and the resulting cognitive biases. Building on cognitive load and framing theory, we qualitatively analysed 103 BM visualisations to explain how visual elements affect visualisations' cognitive effectiveness (helpfulness and ease of applicability) and unfold visual framing effects. By identifying five visual framing effects, we contribute to the cognitive BM perspective and explain how this set of cognitive factors affects BM management and research. We also found that most BM visualisations are not cognitively effective because they consist of unclear and non-parsimonious elements, limiting their cross-contextual application. Furthermore, the analysis revealed certain visualisations with strictly operationalised BM dimensions. These findings provide essential contributions to the literature on BM methods. We conclude by discussing how practitioners and researchers can use BM visualisations and their cognitive impacts accordingly. KW - Visualisations KW - Business models KW - Tools KW - Managerial cognition KW - Framing Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101925 SN - 0024-6301 SN - 1873-1872 VL - 53 IS - 4 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lorenz, Claas A1 - Clemens, Vera Elisabeth A1 - Schrötter, Max A1 - Schnor, Bettina T1 - Continuous verification of network security compliance JF - IEEE transactions on network and service management N2 - Continuous verification of network security compliance is an accepted need. Especially, the analysis of stateful packet filters plays a central role for network security in practice. But the few existing tools which support the analysis of stateful packet filters are based on general applicable formal methods like Satifiability Modulo Theories (SMT) or theorem prover and show runtimes in the order of minutes to hours making them unsuitable for continuous compliance verification. In this work, we address these challenges and present the concept of state shell interweaving to transform a stateful firewall rule set into a stateless rule set. This allows us to reuse any fast domain specific engine from the field of data plane verification tools leveraging smart, very fast, and domain specialized data structures and algorithms including Header Space Analysis (HSA). First, we introduce the formal language FPL that enables a high-level human-understandable specification of the desired state of network security. Second, we demonstrate the instantiation of a compliance process using a verification framework that analyzes the configuration of complex networks and devices - including stateful firewalls - for compliance with FPL policies. Our evaluation results show the scalability of the presented approach for the well known Internet2 and Stanford benchmarks as well as for large firewall rule sets where it outscales state-of-the-art tools by a factor of over 41. KW - Security KW - Tools KW - Network security KW - Engines KW - Benchmark testing; KW - Analytical models KW - Scalability KW - Network KW - security KW - compliance KW - formal KW - verification Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2021.3130290 SN - 1932-4537 VL - 19 IS - 2 SP - 1729 EP - 1745 PB - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers CY - New York ER -