TY  - JOUR
A1  - Emelianova, Yulia P.
A1  - Kuznetsov, A. P.
A1  - Turukina, Ludmila V.
T1  - Quasi-periodic bifurcations and "amplitude death" in low-dimensional ensemble of van der Pol oscillators
JF  - Modern physics letters : A, Particles and fields, gravitation, cosmology, nuclear physics
N2  - The dynamics of the four dissipatively coupled van der Pol oscillators is considered. Lyapunov chart is presented in the parameter plane. Its arrangement is discussed. We discuss the bifurcations of tori in the system at large frequency detuning of the oscillators. Here are quasi-periodic saddle-node, Hopf and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations. The effect of increase of the threshold for the "amplitude death" regime and the possibilities of complete and partial broadband synchronization are revealed.
KW  - Chain of van der Pol oscillators
KW  - Bifurcations of tori
KW  - Amplitude death
KW  - Broadband synchronization
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2013.10.049
SN  - 0375-9601
SN  - 1873-2429
VL  - 378
IS  - 3
SP  - 153
EP  - 157
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Navirian, Hengameh A.
A1  - Schick, Daniel
A1  - Gaal, Peter
A1  - Leitenberger, Wolfram
A1  - Shayduk, Roman
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Thermoelastic study of nanolayered structures using time-resolved X-ray diffraction at high repetition rate
JF  - Applied physics letters
N2  - We investigate the thermoelastic response of a nanolayered sample composed of a metallic SrRuO3 electrode sandwiched between a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3 film with negative thermal expansion and a SrTiO3 substrate. SrRuO3 is rapidly heated by fs-laser pulses with 208 kHz repetition rate. Diffraction of X-ray pulses derived from a synchrotron measures the transient out-of-plane lattice constant c of all three materials simultaneously from 120 ps to 5 mu s with a relative accuracy up to Delta c/c = 10(-6). The in-plane propagation of sound is essential for understanding the delayed out-of-plane compression of Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O-3.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4861873
SN  - 0003-6951
SN  - 1077-3118
VL  - 104
IS  - 2
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nezhadhaghighi, M. Ghasemi
A1  - Chechkin, Aleksei V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Numerical approach to unbiased and driven generalized elastic model
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - From scaling arguments and numerical simulations, we investigate the properties of the generalized elastic model (GEM) that is used to describe various physical systems such as polymers, membranes, single-file systems, or rough interfaces. We compare analytical and numerical results for the subdiffusion exponent beta characterizing the growth of the mean squared displacement <(delta h)(2)> of the field h described by the GEM dynamic equation. We study the scaling properties of the qth order moments <vertical bar delta h vertical bar(q)> with time, finding that the interface fluctuations show no intermittent behavior. We also investigate the ergodic properties of the process h in terms of the ergodicity breaking parameter and the distribution of the time averaged mean squared displacement. Finally, we study numerically the driven GEM with a constant, localized perturbation and extract the characteristics of the average drift for a tagged probe.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858425
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 2
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bronner, Christopher
A1  - Utecht, Manuel Martin
A1  - Haase, Anton
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
A1  - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1  - Tegeder, Petra
T1  - Electronic structure changes during the surface-assisted formation of a graphene nanoribbon
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - High conductivity and a tunability of the band gap make quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) highly interesting materials for the use in field effect transistors. Especially bottom-up fabricated GNRs possess well-defined edges which is important for the electronic structure and accordingly the band gap. In this study we investigate the formation of a sub-nanometer wide armchair GNR generated on a Au(111) surface. The on-surface synthesis is thermally activated and involves an intermediate non-aromatic polymer in which the molecular precursor forms polyanthrylene chains. Employing angle-resolved two-photon photoemission in combination with density functional theory calculations we find that the polymer exhibits two dispersing states which we attribute to the valence and the conduction band, respectively. While the band gap of the non-aromatic polymer obtained in this way is relatively large, namely 5.25 +/- 0.06 eV, the gap of the corresponding aromatic GNR is strongly reduced which we attribute to the different degree of electron delocalization in the two systems.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858855
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 2
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kroener, Dominik
A1  - Schimka, Selina
A1  - Klamroth, Tillmann
T1  - Laser control for coupled torsions in chiroptical switches: a combined quantum and classical dynamics approach
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
N2  - We present a novel laser pulse control for the chiroptical switch 1-(2-cis-fluoroethenyl)-2-fluoro-3,5-dibromobenzene mounted on adamantane, where the latter imitates a linker group or part of a solid surface. This molecular device offers three switching states: a true achiral "off"-state and two chiral "on"-states of opposite handedness. Due to the alignment of its chiral axis along the surface normal several defined orientations of the switch have to be considered for an efficient stereocontrol strategy. In addition to these different initial conditions, coupled torsional degrees of freedom around the chiral axis make the quest for highly stereoselective laser pulses a challenge. The necessary flexibility in pulse accomplished by employing the iterative stochastic pulse optimization method we presented recently. Still, the complexity of the system dictates a combined treatment by fast molecular dynamics and computationally intensive quantum dynamics. Although quantum effects are found to be of importance, the pulses optimized within the classical treatment allow us to turn on the chirality of the switch, achieving high enantioselectivity in the quantum treatment for all orientations at the same time.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410342a
SN  - 1932-7447
VL  - 118
IS  - 2
SP  - 1322
EP  - 1331
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Leminen, Alina
A1  - Clahsen, Harald
T1  - Brain potentials to inflected adjectives: Beyond storage and decomposition
JF  - Brain research : an international multidisciplinary journal devoted to fundamental research in the brain sciences
KW  - Inflection
KW  - Morphology
KW  - Morpho-syntactic feature
KW  - Lexical-semantics
KW  - ERP
KW  - N400
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.038
SN  - 0006-8993
SN  - 1872-6240
VL  - 1543
SP  - 223
EP  - 234
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Spahn, Frank
A1  - Vieira Neto, E.
A1  - Guimaraes, A. H. F.
A1  - Gorban, A. N.
A1  - Brilliantov, Nikolai V.
T1  - A statistical model of aggregate fragmentation
JF  - New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics
N2  - A statistical model of fragmentation of aggregates is proposed, based on the stochastic propagation of cracks through the body. The propagation rules are formulated on a lattice and mimic two important features of the process-a crack moves against the stress gradient while dissipating energy during its growth. We perform numerical simulations of the model for two-dimensional lattice and reveal that the mass distribution for small-and intermediate-size fragments obeys a power law, F(m) proportional to m(-3/2), in agreement with experimental observations. We develop an analytical theory which explains the detected power law and demonstrate that the overall fragment mass distribution in our model agrees qualitatively with that one observed in experiments.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/013031
SN  - 1367-2630
VL  - 16
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kovach, Ildyko
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
A1  - Friberg, Stig E.
T1  - Janus emulsions stabilized by phospholipids
JF  - Colloids and surfaces : an international journal devoted to the principles and applications of colloid and interface science ; A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects
N2  - Janus emulsions were formed by mixing three immiscible liquids; this implies two oil components (i.e. olive oil (00) and silicone oil (SiO)) with water in presence of interfacial active components. The morphology and size of Janus droplets formed strongly depended on the type of surfactant used. In presence of a non-ionic surfactant, i.e. Tween 80, large engulfed Janus droplets were formed. By adding phospholipids to the system the droplet size was decreased and more stable Janus droplets formed. Interfacial tension measurements carried out using a spinning drop apparatus and a ring tensiometer demonstrate that interfacial tension is the most important factor controlling the size, morphology and stability of Janus droplets. When the interfacial tension between oil and water becomes <= 1 mN/m, smaller Janus droplets are formed. Such conditions are fulfilled when phospholipids are used in combination with non-ionic surfactant Tween 80. The morphology of the double droplets is predominantly controlled by the viscosity and interfacial tension between the two oil phases. By using different types of phospholipids, i.e. asolectin and lecithin instead of a more concentrated phosphatidylcholine (phospholipon), the interfacial tension is decreased and different morphologies of engulfing can be observed.
KW  - Janus emulsions
KW  - Spinning drop
KW  - Interfacial tension
KW  - Phospholipids
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.08.065
SN  - 0927-7757
SN  - 1873-4359
VL  - 441
SP  - 66
EP  - 71
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Byrum, K.
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chen, Xuhui
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, Simone
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Fortin, P.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Griffiths, S. T.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Kumar, S.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Lyutikov, M.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Meagher, K.
A1  - Millis, J.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Rajotte, J.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Richards, G. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Sheidaei, F.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Tucci, J. V.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - A search for enhanced very high energy GAMMA-RAY emission from the 2013 march crab nebula flare
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2  - In 2013 March, a flaring episode from the Crab Nebula lasting similar to 2 weeks was detected by Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope). The Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) provides simultaneous observations throughout this period. During the flare, Fermi-LAT detected a 20 fold increase in flux above the average synchrotron flux >100 MeV seen from the Crab Nebula. Simultaneous measurements with VERITAS are consistent with the non-variable long-term average Crab Nebula flux at TeV energies. Assuming a linear correlation between the very high energy flux change >1 TeV and the flux change seen in the Fermi-LAT band >100 MeV during the period of simultaneous observations, the linear correlation factor can be constrained to be at most 8.6 x 10(-3) with 95% confidence.
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - ISM: individual objects (Crab Nebula)
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/781/1/L11
SN  - 2041-8205
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 781
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Lorenz, Robert C.
A1  - Brockhaus, Wolf-Ruediger
A1  - Wuestenberg, Torsten
A1  - Kathmann, Norbert
A1  - Heinz, Andreas
A1  - Rapp, Michael A.
T1  - Working memory load-dependent brain response predicts behavioral training gains in older adults
JF  - The journal of neuroscience
N2  - In the domain of working memory (WM), a sigmoid-shaped relationship between WM load and brain activation patterns has been demonstrated in younger adults. It has been suggested that age-related alterations of this pattern are associated with changes in neural efficiency and capacity. At the same time, WM training studies have shown that some older adults are able to increase their WM performance through training. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging during an n-back WM task at different WM load levels was applied to compare blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses between younger and older participants and to predict gains in WM performance after a subsequent 12-session WM training procedure in older adults. We show that increased neural efficiency and capacity, as reflected by more "youth-like" brain response patterns in regions of interest of the frontoparietal WM network, were associated with better behavioral training outcome beyond the effects of age, sex, education, gray matter volume, and baseline WM performance. Furthermore, at low difficulty levels, decreases in BOLD response were found after WM training. Results indicate that both neural efficiency (i. e., decreased activation at comparable performance levels) and capacity (i. e., increasing activation with increasing WM load) of a WM-related network predict plasticity of the WM system, whereas WM training may specifically increase neural efficiency in older adults.
KW  - aging
KW  - fMRI
KW  - neuroimaging
KW  - plasticity
KW  - training
KW  - working memory
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2463-13.2014
SN  - 0270-6474
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
SP  - 1224
EP  - 1233
PB  - Society for Neuroscience
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Palyulin, Vladimir V.
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
T1  - Speeding up the first-passage for subdiffusion by introducing a finite potential barrier
JF  - Journal of physics : A, Mathematical and theoretical
N2  - We show that for a subdiffusive continuous time random walk with scale-free waiting time distribution the first-passage dynamics on a finite interval can be optimized by introduction of a piecewise linear potential barrier. Analytical results for the survival probability and first-passage density based on the fractional Fokker-Planck equation are shown to agree well with Monte Carlo simulations results. As an application we discuss an improved design for efficient translocation of gradient copolymers compared to homopolymer translocation in a quasi-equilibrium approximation.
KW  - first passage
KW  - anomalous diffusion
KW  - potential landscape
KW  - polymer translocation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1751-8113/47/3/032002
SN  - 1751-8113
SN  - 1751-8121
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hagen, Sven
A1  - Baumann, Tobias
A1  - Wagner, Hanna J.
A1  - Morath, Volker
A1  - Kaufmann, Beate
A1  - Fischer, Adrian
A1  - Bergmann, Stefan
A1  - Schindler, Patrick
A1  - Arndt, Katja Maren
A1  - Mueller, Kristian M.
T1  - Modular adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors used for cellular virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy
JF  - Scientific reports
N2  - The pre-clinical and clinical development of viral vehicles for gene transfer increased in recent years, and a recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) drug took center stage upon approval in the European Union. However, lack of standardization, inefficient purification methods and complicated retargeting limit general usability. We address these obstacles by fusing rAAV-2 capsids with two modular targeting molecules (DARPin or Affibody) specific for a cancer cell-surface marker (EGFR) while simultaneously including an affinity tag (His-tag) in a surface-exposed loop. Equipping these particles with genes coding for prodrug converting enzymes (thymidine kinase or cytosine deaminase) we demonstrate tumor marker specific transduction and prodrug-dependent apoptosis of cancer cells. Coding terminal and loop modifications in one gene enabled specific and scalable purification. Our genetic parts for viral production adhere to a standardized cloning strategy facilitating rapid prototyping of virus directed enzyme prodrug therapy (VDEPT).
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/srep03759
SN  - 2045-2322
VL  - 4
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shapiro, B.
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
T1  - A paleogenomic perspective on evolution and gene function: new insights from ancient DNA
JF  - Science
N2  - The publication of partial and complete paleogenomes within the last few years has reinvigorated research in ancient DNA. No longer limited to short fragments of mitochondrial DNA, inference of evolutionary processes through time can now be investigated from genome-wide data sampled as far back as 700,000 years. Tremendous insights have been made, in particular regarding the hominin lineage. With rare exception, however, a paleogenomic perspective has been mired by the quality and quantity of recoverable DNA. Though conceptually simple, extracting ancient DNA remains challenging, and sequencing ancient genomes to high coverage remains prohibitively expensive for most laboratories. Still, with improvements in DNA isolation and declining sequencing costs, the taxonomic and geographic purview of paleogenomics is expanding at a rapid pace. With improved capacity to screen large numbers of samples for those with high proportions of endogenous ancient DNA, paleogenomics is poised to become a key technology to better understand recent evolutionary events.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1236573
SN  - 0036-8075
SN  - 1095-9203
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
PB  - American Assoc. for the Advancement of Science
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy
A1  - Cywinski, Piotr
A1  - Cywinska, Magdalena
A1  - Paasche, Jens
A1  - Lomadze, Nino
A1  - Reich, Oliver
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
T1  - Interaction of photosensitive surfactant with DNA and poly acrylic acid
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862679
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy
A1  - Roxlau, Julian
A1  - Brezesinski, Gerald
A1  - Lomadze, Nino
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
T1  - Photosensitive surfactants: Micellization and interaction with DNA
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - Recently, photosensitive surfactants have re-attracted considerable attention. It has been shown that their association with oppositely charged biologically important polyelectrolytes, such as DNA or microgels, can be efficiently manipulated simply by light exposure. In this article, we investigate the self-assembly of photosensitive surfactants as well as their interactions with DNA by calorimetric and spectroscopic methods. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), standard micellization enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs energy were determined in different conditions (ionic strengths and temperatures) for a series of cationic surfactants with an azobenzene group in their tail. It is shown, that aggregation forces of photosensitive units play an important role in the micellization giving the major contribution to the micellization enthalpy. The onset of the aggregation can be traced from shift of the absorption peak position in the UV-visible spectrum. Titration UV-visible spectroscopy is used as an alternative, simple, and sensitive approach to estimate CMC. The titration UV-visible spectroscopy was also employed to investigate interactions (CAC: critical aggregation concentration, precipitation, and colloidal stabilization) in the DNA-surfactant complex.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862678
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lorenz, Ute
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
T1  - Comparing thermal wave function methods for multi-configuration time-dependent Hartree simulations
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - We compare two methods for creating stochastic temperature wave functions that can be used for Multi-Configuration Time-Dependent Hartree (MCTDH) simulations. In the first method, the MCTDH coefficients are chosen randomly, while the other method uses a single Hartree product of random single-particle functions (SPFs). We find that using random SPFs dramatically improves convergence for a model system for surface sticking.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4862739
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Li, Shaoyang
A1  - Moreno, Marcos
A1  - Rosenau, Matthias
A1  - Melnick, Daniel
A1  - Oncken, Onno
T1  - Splay fault triggering by great subduction earthquakes inferred from finite element models
JF  - Geophysical research letters
N2  - We have investigated the influence that megathrust earthquake slip has on the activation of splay faults using a 2-D finite element method (FEM), taking into account the effects of gravity and variations in the frictional strength properties of splay faults. We simulated both landward-dipping and seaward-dipping splay fault geometries, and imposed depth-variable slip distributions of subduction events. Our results indicate that the two types of splay fault exhibit a similar behavior, with variations in frictional properties along the faults affecting only the seismic magnitude. The triggering process is controlled by a critical depth. Megathrust slip concentrated at depths shallower than the critical depth will favor normal displacement, while megathrust slip concentrated at depths deeper than the critical depth is likely to result in reverse motion. Our results thus provide a useful tool for predicting the activation of secondary faults and may have direct implications for tsunami hazard research.
KW  - earthquake deformation
KW  - subduction zone earthquakes
KW  - splay faults
KW  - faulting behavior
KW  - FEM models
KW  - tsunami hazards
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058598
SN  - 0094-8276
SN  - 1944-8007
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 385
EP  - 391
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Wittmann, Marc
T1  - Interoceptive focus shapes the experience of time
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - The perception of time is a fundamental part of human experience. Recent research suggests that the experience of time emerges from emotional and interoceptive (bodily) states as processed in the insular cortex. Whether there is an interaction between the conscious awareness of interoceptive states and time distortions induced by emotions has rarely been investigated so far. We aimed to address this question by the use of a retrospective time estimation task comparing two groups of participants. One group had a focus on interoceptive states and one had a focus on exteroceptive information while watching film clips depicting fear, amusement and neutral content. Main results were that attention to interoceptive processes significantly affected subjective time experience. Fear was accompanied with subjective time dilation that was more pronounced in the group with interoceptive focus, while amusement led to a quicker passage of time which was also increased by interoceptive focus. We conclude that retrospective temporal distortions are directly influenced by attention to bodily responses. These effects might crucially interact with arousal levels. Sympathetic nervous system activation affecting memory build-up might be the decisive factor influencing retrospective time judgments. Our data substantially extend former research findings underscoring the relevance of interoception for the effects of emotional states on subjective time experience.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086934
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Creutzfeldt, Benjamin
A1  - Troch, Peter A.
A1  - Güntner, Andreas
A1  - Ferre, Ty P. A.
A1  - Gräff, Thomas
A1  - Merz, Bruno
T1  - Storage-discharge relationships at different catchment scales based on local high-precision gravimetry
JF  - Hydrological processes
N2  - In hydrology, the storage-discharge relationship is a fundamental catchment property. Understanding what controls this relationship is at the core of catchment science. To date, there are no direct methods to measure water storage at catchment scales (10(1)-10(3)km(2)). In this study, we use direct measurements of terrestrial water storage dynamics by means of superconducting gravimetry in a small headwater catchment of the Regen River, Germany, to derive empirical storage-discharge relationships in nested catchments of increasing scale. Our results show that the local storage measurements are strongly related to streamflow dynamics at larger scales (> 100km(2); correlation coefficient=0.78-0.81), but at small scale, no such relationship exists (similar to 1km(2); correlation coefficients=-0.11). The geologic setting in the region can explain both the disconnection between local water storage and headwater runoff, and the connectivity between headwater storage and streams draining larger catchment areas. More research is required to understand what controls the form of the observed storage-discharge relationships at the catchment scale. This study demonstrates that high-precision gravimetry can provide new insights into the complex relationship between state and response of hydrological systems.
KW  - water storage
KW  - high-precision gravimeter
KW  - storage-discharge relationship
KW  - nested catchments
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9689
SN  - 0885-6087
SN  - 1099-1085
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 1465
EP  - 1475
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bubenzer, Johannes
T1  - Cycle-aware minimization of acyclic deterministic finite-state automata
JF  - Discrete applied mathematics
N2  - In this paper a linear-time algorithm for the minimization of acyclic deterministic finite-state automata is presented. The algorithm runs significantly faster than previous algorithms for the same task. This is shown by a comparison of the running times of both algorithms. Additionally, a variation of the new algorithm is presented which handles cyclic automata as input. The new cycle-aware algorithm minimizes acyclic automata in the desired way. In case of cyclic input, the algorithm minimizes all acyclic suffixes of the input automaton.
KW  - Minimization
KW  - Deterministic finite state automata
KW  - Algorithmic
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dam.2013.08.003
SN  - 0166-218X
SN  - 1872-6771
VL  - 163
SP  - 238
EP  - +
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kosmella, Sabine
A1  - Venus, Jane
A1  - Hahn, Jennifer
A1  - Prietzel, Claudia Christina
A1  - Koetz, Joachim
T1  - Low-temperature synthesis of polyethyleneimine-entrapped CdS quantum dots
JF  - Chemical physics letters
N2  - This Letter is focused on the one-pot formation of CdS nanoparticles in aqueous medium in presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI). Quantum dots can be obtained by adding a pre-cooled aqueous Na2S solution to a pre-cooled aqueous CdCl2 solution dropwise in presence of PEI.
 Field flow fractionation in combination with TEM experiments show a time dependent agglomeration of individual quantum dots from 1.6 nm up to 3.2 nm in size. The hyperbranched PEI of moderate molar mass (>20000 g/mol) is an excellent polymer to prevent a further increase of the particle size. Therefore, stable fluorescent PEI-capped CdS quantum dots are available.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2013.12.019
SN  - 0009-2614
SN  - 1873-4448
VL  - 592
SP  - 114
EP  - 119
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kopec, Maciej
A1  - Niemiec, Wiktor
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Nowakowska, Maria
A1  - Zapotoczny, Szczepan
T1  - Photoinduced energy and electron transfer in micellar multilayer films
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
N2  - Micellar multilayer films were prepared from an amphiphilic comb-like polycation ("polysoap") and the polyanion poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) using alternate polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly. Linear growth of the film thickness was evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. Imaging by atomic force microscopy (AFM) indicated that the micellar conformation adopted by the polycation in solutions was preserved in the films. Thus, hydrophobic photoactive molecules, which were solubilized by the hydrophobic nanodomains of the micellar polymer prior to deposition, could be transferred into the films. Photoinduced energy transfer was observed in the nanostructured multilayers between naphthalene (donor) and perylene (acceptor) molecules embedded inside the polymer micelles. The efficiency of the energy transfer process can be controlled to some extent by introducing spacer layers between the layers containing the donor or acceptor, revealing partial stratification of the micellar LbL films. Also, photoinduced electron transfer was evidenced between perylene (donor) and butyl viologen (acceptor) molecules embedded inside the multilayers by steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy. The obtained photoactive nanostructures are promising candidates for solar-to-chemical energy conversion systems.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp410808z
SN  - 1932-7447
VL  - 118
IS  - 4
SP  - 2215
EP  - 2221
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Heck, Philipp
A1  - Ziegler, Matthias
T1  - Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport: a picture-based
JF  - Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy
N2  - Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results.
 Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT.
 Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs.
KW  - Doping attitude
KW  - Bodybuilding
KW  - Indirect test
KW  - Implicit attitude test (IAT)
KW  - Methodology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-597X-9-7
SN  - 1747-597X
VL  - 9
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita
A1  - Schwuchow, Viola
A1  - Rodrigues, David
A1  - Cabrita, Eurico J.
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
A1  - Romao, Maria Joao
A1  - Santos-Silva, Teresa
T1  - Biochemical, stabilization and crystallization studies on a molecular chaperone (PaoD) involved in the maturation of molybdoenzymes
JF  - PLoS one
N2  - Molybdenum and tungsten enzymes require specific chaperones for folding and cofactor insertion. PaoD is the chaperone of the periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC. It is the last gene in the paoABCD operon in Escherichia coli and its presence is crucial for obtaining mature enzyme. PaoD is an unstable, 35 kDa, protein. Our biochemical studies showed that it is a dimer in solution with a tendency to form large aggregates, especially after freezing/thawing cycles. In order to improve stability, PaoD was thawed in the presence of two ionic liquids [C(4)mim]Cl and [C(2)OHmim]PF6 and no protein precipitation was observed. This allowed protein concentration and crystallization using polyethylene glycol or ammonium sulfate as precipitating agents. Saturation transfer difference - nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) experiments have also been performed in order to investigate the effect of the ionic liquids in the stabilization process, showing a clear interaction between the acidic ring protons of the cation and, most likely, negatively charged residues at the protein surface. DLS assays also show a reduction of the overall size of the protein aggregates in presence of ionic liquids. Furthermore, cofactor binding studies on PaoD showed that the protein is able to discriminate between molybdenum and tungsten bound to the molybdenum cofactor, since only a Mo-MPT form of the cofactor remained bound to PaoD.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087295
SN  - 1932-6203
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Arnold, Anne
A1  - Nikoloski, Zoran
T1  - In search for an accurate model of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism
JF  - Mathematics and computers in simulation : transactions of IMACS
N2  - The photosynthetic carbon metabolism, including the Calvin-Benson cycle, is the primary pathway in C-3-plants, producing starch and sucrose from CO2. Understanding the interplay between regulation and efficiency of this pathway requires the development of mathematical models which would explain the observed dynamics of metabolic transformations. Here, we address this question by casting the existing models of Calvin-Benson cycle and the end-product processes into an analysis framework which not only facilitates the comparison of the different models, but also allows for their ranking with respect to chosen criteria, including stability, sensitivity, robustness and/or compliance with experimental data. The importance of the photosynthetic carbon metabolism for the increase of plant biomass has resulted in many models with various levels of detail. We provide the largest compendium of 15 existing, well-investigated models together with a comprehensive classification as well as a ranking framework to determine the best-performing models for metabolic engineering and planning of in silica experiments. The classification can be additionally used, based on the model structure, as a tool to identify the models which match best the experimental design. The provided ranking is just one alternative to score models and, by changing the weighting factor, this framework also could be applied for selection of other criteria of interest.
KW  - Calvin-Benson cycle
KW  - Carbon metabolism
KW  - Model ranking
KW  - Differential and algebraic equations
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2012.03.011
SN  - 0378-4754
SN  - 1872-7166
VL  - 96
SP  - 171
EP  - 194
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Lasaponara, Rosa
A1  - Murgante, Beniamino
A1  - Masini, Nicola
A1  - Ge, Yong
A1  - Asche, Hartmut
T1  - Advance in geocomputation
T2  - International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2013.10.004
SN  - 0303-2434
VL  - 26
SP  - 429
EP  - 431
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Baranyai, Dorothea
A1  - Goedtel-Armbrust, Ute
A1  - Nestler, Sebastian
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Wojnowski, Leszek
T1  - A role for cutaneous CYP3A in vitamin D homeostasis?
T2  - NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0028-1298
SN  - 1432-1912
VL  - 387
SP  - S27
EP  - S27
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Arlt, Olga
A1  - Schwiebs, Anja
A1  - Pfarr, Kathrin
A1  - Ranglack, Annika
A1  - Bouzas, Ferreiros Nerea
A1  - Schreiber, Yannick
A1  - Neuber, Corinna
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Pfeilschifter, Josef M.
A1  - Radeke, Heinfried H.
T1  - Dynamic interaction between sphingolipid enzymes, S1P and inflammatory cytokine regulation in dendritic cells
T2  - NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0028-1298
SN  - 1432-1912
VL  - 387
SP  - S91
EP  - S91
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Andersson, H.
A1  - Keunecke, A.
A1  - Eser, A.
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
A1  - Reinisch, W.
A1  - Kloft, Charlotte
T1  - Pharmacokinetic considerations for optimising dosing regimens of  a potsdam univ infliximab in patients with Crohn's disease
T2  - JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-9946(14)60086-6
SN  - 1873-9946
SN  - 1876-4479
VL  - 8
SP  - S44
EP  - S44
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Halama, Ralf
A1  - Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias
A1  - Sudo, Masafumi
A1  - Marschall, Horst R.
A1  - Wiedenbeck, Michael
T1  - Effects of fluid-rock interaction on Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology in high-pressure rocks (Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Alps)
JF  - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society
N2  - In situ UV laser spot Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses of distinct phengite types in eclogite-facies rocks from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps, Italy) were combined with SIMS boron isotope analyses as well as boron (B) and lithium (Li) concentration data to link geochronological information with constraints on fluid-rock interaction. In weakly deformed samples, apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of phengite cores span a range of similar to 20 Ma, but inverse isochrons define two distinct main high-pressure (HP) phengite core crystallization periods of 88-82 and 77-74 Ma, respectively. The younger cores have on average lower B contents (similar to 36 mu g/g) than the older ones (similar to 43-48 mu g/g), suggesting that loss of B and resetting of the Ar isotopic system were related. Phengite cores have variable delta B-11 values (-18 parts per thousand to -10 parts per thousand), indicating the lack of km scale B homogenization during HP crystallization.
 Overprinted phengite rims in the weakly deformed samples generally yield younger apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages than the respective cores. They also show variable effects of heterogeneous excess 40 Ar incorporation and Ar loss. One acceptable inverse isochron age of 77.1 +/- 1.1 Ma for rims surrounding older cores (82.6 +/- 0.6 Ma) overlaps with the second period of core crystallization. Compared to the phengite cores, all rims have lower B and Li abundances but similar delta B-11 values (-15 parts per thousand to -9 parts per thousand), reflecting internal redistribution of B and Li and internal fluid buffering of the B isotopic composition during rim growth. The combined observation of younger Ar-40/Ar-39 ages and boron loss, yielding comparable values of both parameters only in cores and rims of different samples, is best explained by a selective metasomatic overprint. In low permeability samples, this overprint caused recrystallization of phengite rims, whereas higher permeability in other samples led to complete recrystallization of phengite grains.
 Strongly deformed samples from a several km long, blueschist-facies shear zone contain mylonitic phengite that forms a tightly clustered group of relatively young apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages (64.7-68.8 Ma), yielding an inverse isochron age of 65.0 +/- 3.0 Ma. Almost complete B and Li removal in mylonitic phengite is due to leaching into a fluid. The B isotopic composition is significantly heavier than in phengites from the weakly deformed samples, indicating an external control by a high-delta B-11 fluid (delta B-11 = + 7 +/- 4 parts per thousand). We interpret this result as reflecting phengite recrystallization related to deformation and associated fluid flow in the shear zone. This event also caused partial resetting of the Ar isotope system and further B loss in more permeable rocks of the adjacent unit. We conclude that geochemical evidence for pervasive or limited fluid flow is crucial for the interpretation of Ar-40/Ar-39 data in partially metasomatized rocks.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.023
SN  - 0016-7037
SN  - 1872-9533
VL  - 126
SP  - 475
EP  - 494
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fayyaz, Susann
A1  - Henkel, Janin
A1  - Japtok, Lukasz
A1  - Krämer, Stephanie
A1  - Damm, Georg
A1  - Seehofer, Daniel
A1  - Püschel, Gerhard Paul
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
T1  - Involvement of sphingosine 1-phosphate in palmitate-induced insulin resistance of hepatocytes via the S1P(2) receptor subtype
JF  - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
N2  - Enhanced plasma levels of NEFA have been shown to induce hepatic insulin resistance, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Indeed, sphingolipids can be formed via a de novo pathway from the saturated fatty acid palmitate and the amino acid serine. Besides ceramides, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been identified as a major bioactive lipid mediator. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the generation and function of S1P in hepatic insulin resistance.
 The incorporation of palmitate into sphingolipids was performed by rapid-resolution liquid chromatography-MS/MS in primary human and rat hepatocytes. The influence of S1P and the involvement of S1P receptors in hepatic insulin resistance was examined in human and rat hepatocytes, as well as in New Zealand obese (NZO) mice.
 Palmitate induced an impressive formation of extra- and intracellular S1P in rat and human hepatocytes. An elevation of hepatic S1P levels was observed in NZO mice fed a high-fat diet. Once generated, S1P was able, similarly to palmitate, to counteract insulin signalling. The inhibitory effect of S1P was abolished in the presence of the S1P(2) receptor antagonist JTE-013 both in vitro and in vivo. In agreement with this, the immunomodulator FTY720-phosphate, which binds to all S1P receptors except S1P(2), was not able to inhibit insulin signalling.
 These data indicate that palmitate is metabolised by hepatocytes to S1P, which acts via stimulation of the S1P(2) receptor to impair insulin signalling. In particular, S1P(2) inhibition could be considered as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance.
KW  - FTY720
KW  - Insulin signalling
KW  - Palmitate
KW  - S1P receptors
KW  - Sphingolipids
KW  - Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-013-3123-6
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
SP  - 373
EP  - 382
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schick, Daniel
A1  - Bojahr, Andre
A1  - Herzog, Marc
A1  - Shayduk, Roman
A1  - von Korff Schmising, Clemens
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Udkm1Dsim-A simulation toolkit for 1D ultrafast dynamics in condensed matter
JF  - Computer physics communications : an international journal devoted to computational physics and computer programs in physics
N2  - The UDKM1DSIM toolbox is a collection of MATLAB (MathWorks Inc.) classes and routines to simulate the structural dynamics and the according X-ray diffraction response in one-dimensional crystalline sample structures upon an arbitrary time-dependent external stimulus, e.g. an ultrashort laser pulse. The toolbox provides the capabilities to define arbitrary layered structures on the atomic level including a rich database of corresponding element-specific physical properties. The excitation of ultrafast dynamics is represented by an N-temperature model which is commonly applied for ultrafast optical excitations. Structural dynamics due to thermal stress are calculated by a linear-chain model of masses and springs. The resulting X-ray diffraction response is computed by dynamical X-ray theory. The UDKM1DSIM toolbox is highly modular and allows for introducing user-defined results at any step in the simulation procedure.
 Program summary
 Program title: udkm1Dsim
 Catalogue identifier: AERH_v1_0
 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AERH_v1_0.html
 Licensing provisions: BSD
 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 130221
 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2746036
 Distribution format: tar.gz
 Programming language: Matlab (MathWorks Inc.).
 Computer: PC/Workstation.
 Operating system: Running Matlab installation required (tested on MS Win XP -7, Ubuntu Linux 11.04-13.04).
 Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Parallelization for dynamical XRD computations. Number of processors used: 1-12 for Matlab Parallel Computing Toolbox; 1 - infinity for Matlab Distributed Computing Toolbox
 External routines:
 Optional: Matlab Parallel Computing Toolbox, Matlab Distributed Computing Toolbox Required (included in the package): mtimesx Fast Matrix Multiply for Matlab by James Tursa, xml io tools by Jaroslaw Tuszynski, textprogressbar by Paul Proteus
 Nature of problem:
 Simulate the lattice dynamics of 1D crystalline sample structures due to an ultrafast excitation including thermal transport and compute the corresponding transient X-ray diffraction pattern.
 Solution method:
 Restrictions:
 The program is restricted to 1D sample structures and is further limited to longitudinal acoustic phonon modes and symmetrical X-ray diffraction geometries.
 Unusual features: The program is highly modular and allows the inclusion of user-defined inputs at any time of the simulation procedure.
 Running time: The running time is highly dependent on the number of unit cells in the sample structure and other simulation parameters such as time span or angular grid for X-ray diffraction computations. However, the example files are computed in approx. 1-5 min each on a 8 Core Processor with 16 GB RAM available.
KW  - Ultrafast dynamics
KW  - Heat diffusion
KW  - N-temperature model
KW  - Coherent phonons
KW  - Incoherent phonons
KW  - Thermoelasticity
KW  - Dynamical X-ray theory
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpc.2013.10.009
SN  - 0010-4655
SN  - 1879-2944
VL  - 185
IS  - 2
SP  - 651
EP  - 660
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lin, Yue
A1  - Huth, Franka
A1  - Berger, Uta
A1  - Grimm, Volker
T1  - The role of belowground competition and plastic biomass allocation in altering plant mass-density relationships
JF  - Oikos
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2013.00921.x
SN  - 0030-1299
SN  - 1600-0706
VL  - 123
IS  - 2
SP  - 248
EP  - 256
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cunnings, Ian
A1  - Patterson, Clare
A1  - Felser, Claudia
T1  - Variable binding and coreference in sentence comprehension: Evidence from eye movements
JF  - Journal of memory and language
KW  - Pronoun resolution
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Memory retrieval
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2013.10.001
SN  - 0749-596X
SN  - 1096-0821
VL  - 71
SP  - 39
EP  - 56
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wattendorf, Elise
A1  - Festman, Julia
A1  - Westermann, Birgit
A1  - Keil, Ursula
A1  - Zappatore, Daniela
A1  - Franceschini, Rita
A1  - Luedi, Georges
A1  - Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm
A1  - Muente, Thomas F.
A1  - Rager, Guenter
A1  - Nitsch, Cordula
T1  - Early bilingualism influences early and subsequently later acquired languages in cortical regions representing control functions
JF  - International journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior
N2  - Early acquisition of a second language influences the development of language abilities and cognitive functions. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate the impact of early bilingualism on the organization of the cortical language network during sentence production. Two groups of adult multilinguals, proficient in three languages, were tested on a narrative task; early multilinguals acquired the second language before the age of three years, late multilinguals after the age of nine. All participants learned a third language after nine years of age. Comparison of the two groups revealed substantial differences in language-related brain activity for early as well as late acquired languages. Most importantly, early multilinguals preferentially activated a fronto-striatal network in the left hemisphere, whereas the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) was activated to a lesser degree than in late multilinguals. The same brain regions were highlighted in previous studies when a non-target language had to be controlled. Hence the engagement of language control in adult early multilinguals appears to be influenced by the specific learning and acquisition conditions during early childhood. Remarkably, our results reveal that the functional control of early and subsequently later acquired languages is similarly affected, suggesting that language experience has a pervasive influence into adulthood. As such, our findings extend the current understanding of control functions in multilinguals.
KW  - Multilingual
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - narration
KW  - age of acquisition
KW  - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - emergentist framework
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912456590
SN  - 1367-0069
SN  - 1756-6878
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 66
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Reiterer, Susanne Maria
A1  - Festman, Julia
T1  - Special Issue: multilingual brains: individual differences in bi-and multilinguals
T2  - International journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912456624
SN  - 1367-0069
SN  - 1756-6878
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 3
EP  - 4
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zink, Christof
A1  - Werner, Nils
A1  - Jechow, Andreas
A1  - Heuer, Axel
A1  - Menzel, Ralf
T1  - Multi-wavelength operation of a single broad area diode laser by spectral beam combining
JF  - IEEE photonics technology letters
N2  - Stabilized multi-wavelength emission from a single emitter broad area diode laser (BAL) is realized by utilizing an external cavity with a spectral beam combining architecture. Self-organized emitters that are equidistantly spaced across the slow axis are enforced by the spatially distributed wavelength selectivity of the external cavity. This resulted in an array like near-field emission although the BAL is physically a single emitter without any epitaxial sub-structuring and only one electrical contact. Each of the self-organized emitters is operated at a different wavelength and the emission is multiplexed into one spatial mode with near-diffraction limited beam quality. With this setup, multi-line emission of 31 individual spectral lines centered around and a total spectral width of 3.6 nm is realized with a 1000 mu m wide BAL just above threshold. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of such a self-organization of emitters by optical feedback utilizing a spectral beam combining architecture.
KW  - Laser resonators
KW  - semiconductor lasers
KW  - optical feedback
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2013.2291963
SN  - 1041-1135
SN  - 1941-0174
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
SP  - 253
EP  - 256
PB  - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers
CY  - Piscataway
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Garcia, Sarahi L.
A1  - McMahon, Katherine D.
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Warnecke, Falk
T1  - Successful enrichment of the ubiquitous freshwater acI Actinobacteria
JF  - Environmental microbiology reports
N2  - Actinobacteria of the acI lineage are often the numerically dominant bacterial phylum in surface freshwaters, where they can account for >50% of total bacteria. Despite their abundance, there are no described isolates. In an effort to obtain enrichment of these ubiquitous freshwater Actinobacteria, diluted freshwater samples from Lake Grosse Fuchskuhle, Germany, were incubated in 96-well culture plates. With this method, a successful enrichment containing high abundances of a member of the lineage acI was established. Phylogenetic classification showed that the acIActinobacteria of the enrichment belonged to the acI-B2 tribe, which seems to prefer acidic lakes. This enrichment grows to low cell densities and thus the oligotrophic nature of acI-B2 was confirmed.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12104
SN  - 1758-2229
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
SP  - 21
EP  - 27
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Eschenlohr, Andrea
A1  - Battiato, Mario
A1  - Maldonado, P.
A1  - Pontius, N.
A1  - Kachel, T.
A1  - Holldack, K.
A1  - Mitzner, Rolf
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
A1  - Oppeneer, P. M.
A1  - Stamm, Christian
T1  - Optical excitation of thin magnetic layers in multilayer structures Reply
T2  - Nature materials
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3851
SN  - 1476-1122
SN  - 1476-4660
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
SP  - 102
EP  - 103
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Tada, Yuya
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Community shifts of actively growing lake bacteria after N-acetyl-glucosamine addition: improving the BrdU-FACS method
JF  - The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology
N2  - In aquatic environments, community dynamics of bacteria, especially actively growing bacteria (AGB), are tightly linked with dissolved organic matter (DOM) quantity and quality. We analyzed the community dynamics of DNA-synthesizing and accordingly AGB by linking an improved bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry approach with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (BrdU-FACS). FACS-sorted cells of even oligotrophic ecosystems in winter were characterized by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In incubation experiments, we examined community shifts of AGB in response to the addition of N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG), one of the most abundant aminosugars in aquatic systems. Our improved BrdU-FACS analysis revealed that AGB winter communities of oligotrophic Lake Stechlin (northeastern Germany) substantially differ from those of total bacteria and consist of Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma-, Deltaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Candidatus OP10 and Chloroflexi. AGB populations with different BrdU-fluorescence intensities and cell sizes represented different phylotypes suggesting that single-cell growth potential varies at the taxon level. NAG incubation experiments demonstrated that a variety of widespread taxa related to Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes, Spirochaetes, Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi actively grow in the presence of NAG. The BrdU-FACS approach enables detailed phylogenetic studies of AGB and, thus, to identify those phylotypes which are potential key players in aquatic DOM cycling.
KW  - actively growing bacteria (AGB)
KW  - bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) immunocytochemistry
KW  - fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)
KW  - bacterial community composition
KW  - N-acetyl-glucosamine (NAG)
KW  - Lake Stechlin
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2013.148
SN  - 1751-7362
SN  - 1751-7370
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 441
EP  - 454
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maghsoudi, Samira
A1  - Hainzl, Sebastian
A1  - Cesca, Simone
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Kaiser, Diethelm
T1  - Identification and characterization of growing large-scale en-echelon fractures in a salt mine
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - The spatiotemporal seismicity of acoustic emission (AE) events recorded in the Morsleben salt mine is investigated. Almost a year after backfilling of the cavities from 2003, microevents are distributed with distinctive stripe shapes above cavities at different depth levels. The physical forces driving the creation of these stripes are still unknown. This study aims to find the active stripes and track fracture developments over time by combining two different temporal and spatial clustering techniques into a single methodological approach. Anomalous seismicity parameters values like sharp b-value changes for two active stripes are good indicators to explain possible stress accumulation at the stripe tips. We identify the formation of two new seismicity stripes and show that the AE activities in active clusters are migrated mostly unidirectional to eastward and upward. This indicates that the growth of underlying macrofractures is controlled by the gradient of extensional stress. Studying size distribution characteristic in terms of frequency-magnitude distribution and b-value in active phase and phase with constant seismicity rate show that deviations from the Gutenberg-Richter power law can be explained by the inclusion of different activity phases: (1) the inactive period before the formation of macrofractures, which is characterized by a deficit of larger events (higher b-values) and (2) the period of fracture growth characterized by the occurrence of larger events (smaller b-values).
KW  - Earthquake source observations
KW  - Statistical seismology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt443
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1105
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hannemann, Katrin
A1  - Krüger, Frank
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
T1  - Measuring of clock drift rates and static time offsets of ocean bottom stations by means of ambient noise
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - Marine seismology usually relies on temporary deployments of stand alone seismic ocean bottom stations (OBS), which are initialized and synchronized on ship before deployment and re-synchronized and stopped on ship after recovery several months later. In between, the recorder clocks may drift and float at unknown rates. If the clock drifts are large or not linear and cannot be corrected for, seismological applications will be limited to methods not requiring precise common timing. Therefore, for example, array seismological methods, which need very accurate timing between individual stations, would not be applicable for such deployments.
 We use an OBS test-array of 12 stations and 75 km aperture, deployed for 10 months in the deep sea (4.5-5.5 km) of the mid-eastern Atlantic. The experiment was designed to analyse the potential of broad-band array seismology at the seafloor. After recovery, we identified some stations which either show unusual large clock drifts and/or static time offsets by having a large difference between the internal clock and the GPS-signal (skew).
 We test the approach of ambient noise cross-correlation to synchronize clocks of a deep water OBS array with km-scale interstation distances. We show that small drift rates and static time offsets can be resolved on vertical components with a standard technique. Larger clock drifts (several seconds per day) can only be accurately recovered if time windows of one input trace are shifted according to the expected drift between a station pair before the cross-correlation. We validate that the drifts extracted from the seismometer data are linear to first order. The same is valid for most of the hydrophones. Moreover, we were able to determine the clock drift at a station where no skew could be measured. Furthermore, we find that instable apparent drift rates at some hydrophones, which are uncorrelated to the seismometer drift recorded at the same digitizer, indicate a malfunction of the hydrophone.
KW  - Time-series analysis
KW  - Interferometry
KW  - Broad-band seismometers
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt434
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1042
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dahm, Torsten
A1  - Fischer, Tomas
T1  - Velocity ratio variations in the source region of earthquake swarms in NW Bohemia obtained from arrival time double-differences
JF  - Geophysical journal international
N2  - Crustal earthquake swarms are an expression of intensive cracking and rock damaging over periods of days, weeks or month in a small source region in the crust. They are caused by longer lasting stress changes in the source region. Often, the localized stressing of the crust is associated with fluid or gas migration, possibly in combination with pre-existing zones of weaknesses. However, verifying and quantifying localized fluid movement at depth remains difficult since the area affected is small and geophysical prospecting methods often cannot reach the required resolution.
 We apply a simple and robust method to estimate the velocity ratio between compressional (P) and shear (S) waves (upsilon(P)/upsilon(S)-ratio) in the source region of an earthquake swarm. The upsilon(P)/upsilon(S)-ratio may be unusual small if the swarm is related to gas in a porous or fractured rock. The method uses arrival time difference between P and S waves observed at surface seismic stations, and the associated double differences between pairs of earthquakes. An advantage is that earthquake locations are not required and the method seems lesser dependent on unknown velocity variations in the crust outside the source region. It is, thus, suited for monitoring purposes.
 Applications comprise three natural, mid-crustal (8-10 km) earthquake swarms between 1997 and 2008 from the NW-Bohemia swarm region. We resolve a strong temporal decrease of upsilon(P)/upsilon(S) before and during the main activity of the swarm, and a recovery of upsilon(P)/upsilon(S) to background levels at the end of the swarms. The anomalies are interpreted in terms of the Biot-Gassman equations, assuming the presence of oversaturated fluids degassing during the beginning phase of the swarm activity.
KW  - Tomography
KW  - Earthquake source observations
KW  - Volcano seismology
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggt410
SN  - 0956-540X
SN  - 1365-246X
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
SP  - 957
EP  - 970
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sborikas, Martynas
A1  - Qiu, Xunlin
A1  - Wirges, Werner
A1  - Gerhard, Reimund
A1  - Jenninger, Werner
A1  - Lovera, Deliani
T1  - Screen printing for producing ferroelectret systems with polymer-electret films and well-defined cavities
JF  - Applied physics : A, Materials science & processing
N2  - We report a process for preparing polymer ferroelectrets by means of screen printing-a technology that is widely used for the two-dimensional patterning of printed layers. In order to produce polymer-film systems with cavities that are suitable for bipolar electric charging, a screen-printing paste is deposited through a screen with a pre-designed pattern onto the surface of a polymer electret film. Another such polymer film is placed on top of the printed pattern, and well-defined cavities are formed in-between. During heating and curing, the polymer films are tightly bonded to the patterned paste layer so that a stable three-layer system is obtained. In the present work, polycarbonate (PC) films have been employed as electret layers. Screen printing, curing and charging led to PC ferroelectret systems with a piezoelectric d (33) coefficient of about 28 pC/N that is stable up to 100 C-a similar to. Due to the rather soft patterned layer, d (33) strongly decreases already for static pressures of tens of kPa. The results demonstrate the suitability of screen printing for the preparation of ferroelectret systems.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7998-3
SN  - 0947-8396
SN  - 1432-0630
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
SP  - 515
EP  - 520
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krüger, Frank
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
T1  - The 29 September 1969, Ceres, South Africa, Earthquake: full waveform moment tensor inversion for point source and kinematic source parameters
JF  - Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
N2  - The Ceres earthquake of 29 September 1969 is the largest known earthquake in southern Africa. Digitized analog recordings from Worldwide Standardized Seismographic Network stations (Powell and Fries, 1964) are used to retrieve the point source moment tensor and the most likely centroid depth of the event using full waveform modeling. A scalar seismic moment of 2.2-2.4 x 10(18) N center dot m corresponding to a moment magnitude of 6.2-6.3 is found. The analysis confirms the pure strike-slip mechanism previously determined from onset polarities by Green and Bloch (1971). Overall good agreement with the fault orientation previously estimated from local aftershock recordings is found. The centroid depth can be constrained to be less than 15 km. In a second analysis step, we use a higher order moment tensor based inversion scheme for simple extended rupture models to constrain the lateral fault dimensions. We find rupture propagated unilaterally for 4.7 s from east-southwest to west-northwest for about 17 km ( average rupture velocity of about 3: 1 km/s).
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1785/0120130209
SN  - 0037-1106
SN  - 1943-3573
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
SP  - 576
EP  - 581
PB  - Seismological Society of America
CY  - Albany
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malinova, Irina
A1  - Mahlow, Sebastian
A1  - Alseekh, Saleh
A1  - Orawetz, Tom
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair
A1  - Baumann, Otto
A1  - Steup, Martin
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Double knockout mutants of arabidopsis grown under normal conditions reveal that the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in transitory starch metabolism
JF  - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants
N2  - In leaves of two starch-related single-knockout lines lacking either the cytosolic transglucosidase (also designated as disproportionating enzyme 2, DPE2) or the maltose transporter (MEX1), the activity of the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme (PHS1) is increased. In both mutants, metabolism of starch-derived maltose is impaired but inhibition is effective at different subcellular sites. Two constitutive double knockout mutants were generated (designated as dpe2-1 x phs1a and mex1 x phs1b) both lacking functional PHS1. They reveal that in normally grown plants, the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in transitory starch degradation and that the central carbon metabolism is closely integrated into the entire cell biology. All plants were grown either under continuous illumination or in a light-dark regime. Both double mutants were compromised in growth and, compared with the single knockout plants, possess less average leaf starch when grown in a light-dark regime. Starch and chlorophyll contents decline with leaf age. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy, mesophyll cells degrade chloroplasts, but degradation is not observed in plants grown under continuous illumination. The two double mutants possess similar but not identical phenotypes. When grown in a light-dark regime, mesophyll chloroplasts of dpe2-1 x phs1a contain a single starch granule but under continuous illumination more granules per chloroplast are formed. The other double mutant synthesizes more granules under either growth condition. In continuous light, growth of both double mutants is similar to that of the parental single knockout lines. Metabolite profiles and oligoglucan patterns differ largely in the two double mutants.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.227843
SN  - 0032-0889
SN  - 1532-2548
VL  - 164
IS  - 2
SP  - 907
EP  - 921
PB  - American Society of Plant Physiologists
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rach, Oliver
A1  - Brauer, Achim
A1  - Wilkes, Heinz
A1  - Sachse, Dirk
T1  - Delayed hydrological response to Greenland cooling at the onset of the Younger Dryas in western Europe
JF  - Nature geoscience
N2  - The general warming trend of the last deglaciation was interrupted by the Younger Dryas, a period of abrupt cooling and widespread environmental change(1-10). Ice core records suggest the abrupt cooling began 12,846 years ago in Greenland(10), about 170 years before the significant environmental and vegetation change in western Europe(7) classically defined as the Younger Dryas. However, this difference in timing falls within age model uncertainties. Here we use the hydrogen isotope composition of lipid biomarkers from precisely dated varved sediments from Lake Meerfelder Maar to reconstruct hydroclimate over western Europe. We observe a decrease in the hydrogen isotope values of both aquatic and terrestrial lipids 12,850 years ago, indicating cooling climate in this region synchronous with the abrupt cooling in Greenland. A second drop occurs 170 years later, mainly in the hydrogen isotope record of aquatic lipids but to a lesser extent in the terrestrial lipids, which we attribute to aridification, as well as a change in moisture source and pathway. We thus confirm that there was indeed a lag between cooling and substantial hydrologic and environmental change in western Europe. We suggest the delay is related to the expansion of sea ice in the North Atlantic Ocean and the subsequent southward migration of the westerly wind system(9). We further suggest that these hydrological changes amplified environmental change in western Europe at the onset of the Younger Dryas.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/NGEO2053
SN  - 1752-0894
SN  - 1752-0908
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 109
EP  - 112
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt, Romy
A1  - Schippers, Jos H. M.
A1  - Mieulet, Delphine
A1  - Watanabe, Mutsumi
A1  - Hoefgen, Rainer
A1  - Guiderdoni, Emmanuel
A1  - Müller-Röber, Bernd
T1  - Salt-Rresponsive ERF1 is a negative regulator of grain filling and gibberellin-mediated seedling establishment in rice
JF  - Molecular plant
N2  - Grain quality is an important agricultural trait that is mainly determined by grain size and composition. Here, we characterize the role of the rice transcription factor (TF) SALT-RESPONSIVE ERF1 (SERF1) during grain development. Through genome-wide expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that SERF1 directly regulates RICE PROLAMIN-BOX BINDING FACTOR (RPBF), a TF that functions as a positive regulator of grain filling. Loss of SERF1 enhances RPBF expression resulting in larger grains with increased starch content, while SERF1 overexpression represses RPBF resulting in smaller grains. Consistently, during grain filling, starch biosynthesis genes such as GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASEI (GBSSI), STARCH SYNTHASEI (SSI), SSIIIa, and ADP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE LARGE SUBUNIT2 (AGPL2) are up-regulated in SERF1 knockout grains. Moreover, SERF1 is a direct upstream regulator of GBSSI. In addition, SERF1 negatively regulates germination by controlling RPBF expression, which mediates the gibberellic acid (GA)-induced expression of RICE AMYLASE1A (RAmy1A). Loss of SERF1 results in more rapid seedling establishment, while SERF1 overexpression has the opposite effect. Our study reveals that SERF1 represents a negative regulator of grain filling and seedling establishment by timing the expression of RPBF.
KW  - RPBF
KW  - rice
KW  - grain filling
KW  - germination
KW  - SERF1
KW  - gibberellic acid
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mp/sst131
SN  - 1674-2052
SN  - 1752-9867
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
SP  - 404
EP  - 421
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Bürger, Gerd
T1  - Comment on "Bias correction, quantile mapping, and downscaling: revisiting the inflation issue"
T2  - Journal of climate
N2  - In a recent paper, Maraun describes the adverse effects of quantile mapping on downscaling. He argues that when large-scale GCM variables are rescaled directly to small-scale fields or even station data, genuine small-scale covariability is lost and replaced by uniform variability inherited from the larger scales. This leads to a misrepresentation mainly of areal means and long-term trends. This comment acknowledges the former point, although the argument is relatively old, but disagrees with the latter, showing that grid-size long-term trends can be different from local trends. Finally, because it is partly incorrectly addressed, some clarification is added regarding the inflation issue, stressing that neither randomization nor inflation is free of unverified assumptions.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Climate variability
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00184.1
SN  - 0894-8755
SN  - 1520-0442
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 1819
EP  - 1820
PB  - American Meteorological Soc.
CY  - Boston
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gunnarsson, Logi
T1  - In defense of ambivalence and alienation
JF  - Ethical theory and moral practice
KW  - Ambivalence
KW  - Alienation
KW  - Estrangement
KW  - Wholeheartedness
KW  - Personal unity
KW  - Internal conflict
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10677-013-9464-x
SN  - 1386-2820
SN  - 1572-8447
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
SP  - 13
EP  - 26
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salka, Ivette
A1  - Wurzbacher, Christian
A1  - Garcia, Sarahi L.
A1  - Labrenz, Matthias
A1  - Juergens, Klaus
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Distribution of acI-Actinorhodopsin genes in Baltic Sea salinity gradients indicates adaptation of facultative freshwater photoheterotrophs to brackish waters
JF  - Environmental microbiology
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 1462-2912
SN  - 1462-2920
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 586
EP  - 597
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Serno, Sascha
A1  - Winckler, Gisela
A1  - Anderson, Robert F.
A1  - Hayes, Christopher T.
A1  - McGee, David
A1  - Machalett, Bjoern
A1  - Ren, Haojia
A1  - Straub, Susanne M.
A1  - Gersonde, Rainer
A1  - Haug, Gerald H.
T1  - Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific
JF  - Earth & planetary science letters
N2  - Eolian dust is a significant source of iron and other nutrients that are essential for the health of marine ecosystems and potentially a controlling factor of the high nutrient-low chlorophyll status of the Subarctic North Pacific. We map the spatial distribution of dust input using three different geochemical tracers of eolian dust, He-4, Th-232 and rare earth elements, in combination with grain size distribution data, from a set of core-top sediments covering the entire Subarctic North Pacific. Using the suite of geochemical proxies to fingerprint different lithogenic components, we deconvolve eolian dust input from other lithogenic inputs such as volcanic ash, ice-rafted debris, riverine and hemipelagic input. While the open ocean sites far away from the volcanic arcs are dominantly composed of pure eolian dust, lithogenic components other than eolian dust play a more crucial role along the arcs. In sites dominated by dust, eolian dust input appears to be characterized by a nearly uniform grain size mode at similar to 4 mu m.
 Applying the Th-230-normalization technique, our proxies yield a consistent pattern of uniform dust fluxes of 1-2 g/m(2)/yr across the Subarctic North Pacific. Elevated eolian dust fluxes of 2-4 g/m(2)/yr characterize the westernmost region off Japan and the southern Kurile Islands south of 45 degrees N and west of 165 degrees E along the main pathway of the westerly winds. The core-top based dust flux reconstruction is consistent with recent estimates based on dissolved thorium isotope concentrations in seawater from the Subarctic North Pacific. The dust flux pattern compares well with state-of-the-art dust model predictions in the western and central Subarctic North Pacific, but we find that dust fluxes are higher than modeled fluxes by 0.5-1 g/m(2)/yr in the northwest, northeast and eastern Subarctic North Pacific. Our results provide an important benchmark for biogeochemical models and a robust approach for downcore studies testing dust-induced iron fertilization of past changes in biological productivity in the Subarctic North Pacific.
KW  - eolian dust
KW  - Subarctic North Pacific
KW  - INOPEX
KW  - helium-4
KW  - Th-232
KW  - REE
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.008
SN  - 0012-821X
SN  - 1385-013X
VL  - 387
SP  - 252
EP  - 263
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Heydari, Esmaeil
A1  - Buller, Jens
A1  - Wischerhoff, Erik
A1  - Laschewsky, André
A1  - Döring, Sebastian
A1  - Stumpe, Joachim
T1  - Label-Free biosensor based on an all-polymer DFB laser
JF  - Advanced optical materials
KW  - label-free biosensors
KW  - DFB lasers
KW  - active optical resonators
KW  - hydrogels
KW  - semiconducting polymers
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201300454
SN  - 2195-1071
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
SP  - 137
EP  - 141
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Giese, Holger
A1  - Hildebrandt, Stephan
A1  - Lambers, Leen
T1  - Bridging the gap between formal semantics and implementation of triple graph grammars
JF  - Software and systems modeling
N2  - The correctness of model transformations is a crucial element for model-driven engineering of high-quality software. A prerequisite to verify model transformations at the level of the model transformation specification is that an unambiguous formal semantics exists and that the implementation of the model transformation language adheres to this semantics. However, for existing relational model transformation approaches, it is usually not really clear under which constraints particular implementations really conform to the formal semantics. In this paper, we will bridge this gap for the formal semantics of triple graph grammars (TGG) and an existing efficient implementation. While the formal semantics assumes backtracking and ignores non-determinism, practical implementations do not support backtracking, require rule sets that ensure determinism, and include further optimizations. Therefore, we capture how the considered TGG implementation realizes the transformation by means of operational rules, define required criteria, and show conformance to the formal semantics if these criteria are fulfilled. We further outline how static and runtime checks can be employed to guarantee these criteria.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-012-0247-y
SN  - 1619-1366
SN  - 1619-1374
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 273
EP  - 299
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Agada, S.
A1  - Chen, F.
A1  - Geiger, S.
A1  - Toigulova, G.
A1  - Agar, Susan M.
A1  - Shekhar, R.
A1  - Benson, Gregory S.
A1  - Hehmeyer, O.
A1  - Amour, Frédéric
A1  - Mutti, Maria
A1  - Christ, Nicolas
A1  - Immenhauser, A.
T1  - Numerical simulation of fluid-flow processes in a 3D high-resolution carbonate reservoir analogue
JF  - Petroleum geoscience
N2  - A high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) outcrop model of a Jurassic carbonate ramp was used in order to perform a series of detailed and systematic flow simulations. The aim of this study was to test the impact of small- and large-scale geological features on reservoir performance and oil recovery. The digital outcrop model contains a wide range of sedimentological, diagenetic and structural features, including discontinuity surfaces, shoal bodies, mud mounds, oyster bioherms and fractures. Flow simulations are performed for numerical well testing and secondary oil recovery. Numerical well testing enables synthetic but systematic pressure responses to be generated for different geological features observed in the outcrops. This allows us to assess and rank the relative impact of specific geological features on reservoir performance. The outcome documents that, owing to the realistic representation of matrix heterogeneity, most diagenetic and structural features cannot be linked to a unique pressure signature. Instead, reservoir performance is controlled by subseismic faults and oyster bioherms acting as thief zones. Numerical simulations of secondary recovery processes reveal strong channelling of fluid flow into high-permeability layers as the primary control for oil recovery. However, appropriate reservoir-engineering solutions, such as optimizing well placement and injection fluid, can reduce channelling and increase oil recovery.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2012-096
SN  - 1354-0793
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 125
EP  - 142
PB  - Geological Soc. Publ. House
CY  - Bath
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shekhar, R.
A1  - Sahni, I.
A1  - Benson, Gregory S.
A1  - Agar, Susan M.
A1  - Amour, Frédéric
A1  - Tomas, Sara
A1  - Christ, Nicolas
A1  - Alway, Robert
A1  - Mutti, Maria
A1  - Immenhauser, A.
A1  - Karcz, Z.
A1  - Kabiri, L.
T1  - Modelling and simulation of a Jurassic carbonate ramp outcrop, Amellago, High Atlas Mountains, Morocco
JF  - Petroleum geoscience
N2  - Carbonate reservoirs pose significant challenges for reservoir modelling and flow prediction due to heterogeneities in rock properties, limits to seismic resolution and limited constraints on subsurface data. Hence, a systematic and streamlined approach is needed to construct geological models and to quickly evaluate key sensitivities in the flow models. This paper discusses results from a reservoir analogue study of a Middle Jurassic carbonate ramp in the High Atlas Mountains of Morocco that has stratigraphic and structural similarities to selected Middle East reservoirs. For this purpose, high-resolution geological models were constructed from the integration of sedimentological, diagenetic and structural studies in the area. The models are approximately 1200 x 1250 m in size, and only faults (no fractures) with offsets greater than 1 m are included. Novel methods have been applied to test the response of flow simulations to the presence or absence of specific geological features, including proxies for hardgrounds, stylolites, patch reefs, and mollusc banks, as a way to guide the level of detail that is suitable for modelling objectives. Our general conclusion from the study is that the continuity of any geological feature with extreme permeability (high or low) has the most significant impact on flow.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-010
SN  - 1354-0793
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 109
EP  - 123
PB  - Geological Soc. Publ. House
CY  - Bath
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Whitaker, F. F.
A1  - Felce, G. P.
A1  - Benson, Gregory  S.
A1  - Amour, Frédéric
A1  - Mutti, Maria
A1  - Smart, P. L.
T1  - Simulating flow through forward sediment model stratigraphies: insights into climatic control of reservoir quality in isolated carbonate platforms
JF  - Petroleum geoscience
N2  - Whilst sophisticated multiphase fluid flow models are routinely employed to understand behaviour of oil and gas reservoirs, high-resolution data describing the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of rock characteristics is rarely available to populate models. We present a new approach to developing a quantitative understanding of the effect of individual controls on the distribution of petrophysical properties and their impact on fluid flow. This involves simulating flow through high-detail permeability architectures generated by forward modelling of the coupled depositional-diagenetic evolution of isolated platforms using CARB3D(+). This workflow is exemplified by an investigation of interactions between subsidence and climate, and their expression in spatial variations in reservoir quality in an isolated carbonate platform of similar size and subsidence history to the Triassic Latemar Platform.
 Dissolutional lowering during subaerial exposure controls platform-top graininess via platform top hydrodynamics during the subsequent transgression. Dissolved carbonate is reprecipitated as cements by percolating meteoric waters. However, associated subsurface meteoric dissolution generates significant secondary porosity under a more humid climate. Slower subsidence enhances diagenetic overprinting during repeated exposure events. Single-phase streamline simulations show how early diagenesis develops more permeable fairways within the finer-grained condensed units that can act as thief zones for flow from the grainier but less diagenetically altered cyclic units.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2013-026
SN  - 1354-0793
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 27
EP  - 40
PB  - Geological Soc. Publ. House
CY  - Bath
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baeten, Lander
A1  - Warton, David I.
A1  - Van Calster, Hans
A1  - De Frenne, Pieter
A1  - Verstraeten, Gorik
A1  - Bonte, Dries
A1  - Bernhardt-Römermann, Markus
A1  - Cornelis, Johnny
A1  - Decocq, Guillaume
A1  - Eriksson, Ove
A1  - Hedl, Radim
A1  - Heinken, Thilo
A1  - Hermy, Martin
A1  - Hommel, Patrick
A1  - Kirby, Keith J.
A1  - Naaf, Tobias
A1  - Petrik, Petr
A1  - Walther, Gian-Reto
A1  - Wulf, Monica
A1  - Verheyen, Kris
T1  - A model-based approach to studying changes in compositional heterogeneity
JF  - Methods in ecology and evolution : an official journal of the British Ecological Society
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 2041-210X
SN  - 2041-2096
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
SP  - 156
EP  - 164
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Yongbo
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Liu, Xingqi
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Diekmann, Bernhard
T1  - A high-resolution sedimentary archive from landslide-dammed Lake Mengda, north-eastern Tibetan Plateau
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - Lacustrine sediments have been widely used to investigate past climatic and environmental changes on millennial to seasonal time scales. Sedimentary archives of lakes in mountainous regions may also record non-climatic events such as earthquakes. We argue herein that a set of 64 annual laminae couplets reconciles a stratigraphically inconsistent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) C-14 chronology in a similar to 4-m-long sediment core from Lake Mengda, in the north-eastern Tibetan Plateau. The laminations suggest the lake was formed by a large landslide, triggered by the 1927 Gulang earthquake (M = 8.0). The lake sediment sequence can be separated into three units based on lithologic, sedimentary, and isotopic characteristics. Starting from the bottom of the sequence, these are: (1) unweathered, coarse, sandy valley-floor deposits or landslide debris that pre-date the lake, (2) landslide-induced, fine-grained soil or reworked landslide debris with a high organic content, and (3) lacustrine sediments with low organic content and laminations. These annual laminations provide a high-resolution record of anthropogenic and environmental changes during the twentieth century, recording enhanced sediment input associated with two phases of construction activities. The high mean sedimentation rates of up to 4.8 mm year(-1) underscore the potential for reconstructing such distinct sediment pulses in remote, forested, and seemingly undisturbed mountain catchments.
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - Landslide
KW  - Natural dam
KW  - Tibetan Plateau
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9666-6
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 303
EP  - 312
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wischnewski, Juliane
A1  - Herzschuh, Ulrike
A1  - Ruehland, Kathleen M.
A1  - Braeuning, Achim
A1  - Mischke, Steffen
A1  - Smol, John P.
A1  - Wang, Lily
T1  - Recent ecological responses to climate variability and human impacts in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains (eastern Tibetan Plateau) inferred from pollen, diatom and tree-ring data
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - The Tibetan Plateau is a region that is highly sensitive to recent global warming, but the complexity and heterogeneity of its mountainous landscape can result in variable responses. In addition, the scarcity and brevity of regional instrumental and palaeoecological records still hamper our understanding of past and present patterns of environmental change. To investigate how the remote, high-alpine environments of the Nianbaoyeze Mountains, eastern Tibetan Plateau, are affected by climate change and human activity over the last similar to 600 years, we compared regional tree-ring studies with pollen and diatom remains archived in the dated sediments of Dongerwuka Lake (33.22A degrees N, 101.12A degrees E, 4,307 m a.s.l.). In agreement with previous studies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau, a strong coherence between our two juniper-based tree-ring chronologies from the Nianbaoyeze and the Anemaqin Mountains was observed, with pronounced cyclical variations in summer temperature reconstructions. A positive directional trend to warmer summer temperatures in the most recent decades, was, however, not observed in the tree-ring record. Likewise, our pollen and diatom spectra showed minimal change over the investigated time period. Although modest, the most notable change in the diatom relative abundances was a subtle decrease in the dominant planktonic Cyclotella ocellata and a concurrent increase in small, benthic fragilarioid taxa in the similar to 1820s, suggesting higher ecosystem variability. The pollen record subtly indicates three periods of increased cattle grazing activity (similar to 1400-1480 AD, similar to 1630-1760 AD, after 1850 AD), but shows generally no significant vegetation changes during past similar to 600 years. The minimal changes observed in the tree-ring, diatom and pollen records are consistent with the presence of localised cooling centres that are evident in instrumental and tree-ring data within the southeastern and eastern Tibetan Plateau. Given the minor changes in regional temperature records, our complacent palaeoecological profiles suggest that climatically induced ecological thresholds have not yet been crossed in the Nianbaoyeze Mountains region.
KW  - Tibetan Plateau
KW  - Nianbaoyeze Mountains
KW  - Pollen
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Tree-ring
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Human impact
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-013-9747-1
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 287
EP  - 302
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lai, ZhongPing
A1  - Mischke, Steffen
A1  - Madsen, David
T1  - Paleoenvironmental implications of new OSL dates on the formation of the "Shell Bar" in the Qaidam Basin, northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - A geological feature in the Qaidam Basin known as the "Shell Bar" contains millions of freshwater clam shells buried in situ. Since the 1980s, this feature in the now hyper-arid basin has been interpreted to be lake deposits that provide evidence for a warmer and more humid climate than present during late marine isotope stage 3 (MIS 3). Global climate during late MIS 3 and the last glacial maximum, however, was cold and dry, with much lower sea levels. We re-investigated the feature geomorphologically and sedimentologically, and employed optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating to verify the chronology of the sediments. We interpret the Shell Bar to be a remnant of a river channel formed by a stream that ran across an exposed lake bed during a regressive lake phase. Deflation of the surrounding older, fine-grained lacustrine deposits has left the fluvial channel sediments topographically inverted, indicating the erosive nature of the landscape. Luminescence ages place the formation of the Shell Bar in MIS 5 (similar to 113-99 ka), much older than previous radiocarbon ages of < 40 ka BP, but place the paleoclimatic inferences more in accord with other regional and global climate proxy records. We present a brief review of the age differences derived from C-14 and OSL dating of some critical sections that were thought to represent a warmer and more humid climate than present during late MIS 3. We attribute the differences to underestimation of C-14 ages. We suggest that C-14 ages older than similar to 25 ka BP may require re-investigation, especially dates on samples from arid regions.
KW  - OSL dating
KW  - Depositional origin
KW  - Paleoenvironmental change
KW  - Late Pleistocene
KW  - Shell Bar
KW  - Qaidam Basin
KW  - Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP)
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-013-9710-1
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 197
EP  - 210
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mischke, Steffen
A1  - Lai, Zhongping
A1  - Zhang, Chengjun
T1  - Re-assessment of the paleoclimate implications of the Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin, China
JF  - Journal of paleolimnolog
N2  - The Shell Bar in the Qaidam Basin, China, is a prominent geological feature composed of millions of densely packed Corbicula shells. Since the mid 1980s, it has been regarded as evidence for existence of a large lake during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 in the presently hyper-arid Qaidam Basin. Early studies suggested the bivalve shells accumulated at the shore of a large lake, whereas more recent work led to the conclusion that the Shell Bar was formed within a deeper water body. Based on our re-assessment of sediments and fossils from the Shell Bar, investigation of exposed fluvio-lacustrine sections upstream of the Shell Bar and study of nearby modern streams, we infer that the Shell Bar represents a stream deposit. Corbicula is a typical stream-dweller around the world. Preservation of Corbicula shells of different sizes, as well as occurrence of many articulated shells, provide evidence against post-mortem transport and accumulation along a lake shore. Additionally, the SE-NW alignment of the Shell Bar is similar to modern intermittent stream beds in its vicinity and corresponds to the present-day slope towards the basin centre further NW, and furthermore, the predominantly sandy sediments also indicate that the Shell Bar was formed in a stream. Abundant ostracod shells in the Shell Bar sediments originated from stream-dwelling species that are abundant in modern streams in the vicinity of the Shell Bar, or in part from fluvio-lacustrine sediments exposed upstream of the Shell Bar, as a result of erosion and re-deposition. Deflation of alluvial fine-grained sediments in the Shell Bar region and protection of the stream deposits by the large and thick-walled Corbicula shells reversed the former channel relief and yielded the modern exposure, which is a prominent morphological feature. Occurrence of Corbicula shells in the Qaidam Basin indicates climate was apparently warmer than present during the formation of the Shell Bar because Corbicula does not live at similar or higher altitudes in the region today. Because the Shell Bar is no longer considered a deposit formed within a lake, its presence does not indicate paleoclimate conditions wetter than today.
KW  - Qaidam Basin
KW  - Tibetan Plateau
KW  - Late Pleistocene
KW  - Corbicula
KW  - Ostracoda
KW  - Taphonomy
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-012-9674-6
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 179
EP  - 195
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Mischke, Steffen
A1  - Chen, Fahu
T1  - Introduction to "Late Pleistocene and Holocene climate change in continental Asia"
T2  - Journal of paleolimnolog
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10933-013-9750-6
SN  - 0921-2728
SN  - 1573-0417
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
SP  - 157
EP  - 159
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Boese, Adrian Daniel
T1  - Assessment of coupled cluster theory and more approximate methods for Hydrogen Bonded Systems (vol 9, pg 4403, 2013)
T2  - Journal of chemical theory and computation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/ct500041j
SN  - 1549-9618
SN  - 1549-9626
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
SP  - 893
EP  - 893
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sommer, Robert S.
A1  - Kalbe, Johannes
A1  - Ekstrom, Jonas
A1  - Benecke, Norbert
A1  - Liljegren, Ronnie
T1  - Range dynamics of the reindeer in Europe during the last 25,000 years
JF  - Journal of biogeography
N2  - Aim To understand the role and significance of the reindeer, Rangifer tarandus (Linnaeus, 1758), as a specific indicator in terms of late Quaternary biogeography and to determine the effects of global climate change on its range and local extinction dynamics at the end of the Ice Age.
 Location Late Pleistocene/early Holocene range of reindeer over all of central and western Europe, including southern Scandinavia and northern Iberia, but excluding Russia, Belarus and the Ukraine.
 Methods Radiocarbon-dated subfossil records of R. tarandus from both archaeological and natural deposits younger than 25,000 years were assembled in a database. The distribution area was divided into six representative regions. The C-14 dates were calibrated and plotted chronologically in maps in order to compare presence and absence and regional extinction patterns from one region to another.
 Main conclusions The late Quaternary record for reindeer in Europe during the last 25 kyr shows a climate-driven dispersal and retreat in response to climate change, with regional variations. The collapse of the mammoth steppe biome did not lead to the local extinction in Europe, as in the case of other megafaunal species. Rangifer tarandus co-existed for about 3000 years during the Late Glacial and early Holocene with typical temperate species such as red deer and roe deer in non-analogue faunal communities. The regional extinction at the end of the Pleistocene coincides with the transition from light open birch/pine forests to pine/deciduous forests.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - environmental change
KW  - extinction
KW  - global change
KW  - late Quaternary
KW  - Pleistocene/Holocene transition
KW  - Rangifer tarandus
KW  - reindeer
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12193
SN  - 0305-0270
SN  - 1365-2699
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
SP  - 298
EP  - 306
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rumpf, Michael
A1  - Tronicke, Jens
T1  - Predicting 2D geotechnical parameter fields in near-surface sedimentary environments
JF  - Journal of applied geophysics
N2  - For a detailed characterization of near-surface environments, geophysical techniques are increasingly used to support more conventional point-based techniques such as borehole and direct-push logging. Because the underlying parameter relations are often complex, site-specific, or even poorly understood, a remaining challenging task is to link the geophysical parameter models to the actual geotechnical target parameters measured only at selected points. We propose a workflow based on nonparametric regression to establish functional relationships between jointly inverted geophysical parameters and selected geotechnical parameters as measured, for example, by different borehole and direct-push tools. To illustrate our workflow, we present field data collected to characterize a near-surface sedimentary environment Our field data base includes crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR), seismic P-, and S-wave data sets collected between 25 m deep boreholes penetrating sand- and gravel dominated sediments. Furthermore, different typical borehole and direct-push logs are available. We perform a global joint inversion of traveltimes extracted from the crosshole geophysical data using a recently proposed approach based on particle swarm optimization. Our inversion strategy allows for generating consistent models of GPR, P-wave, and S-wave velocities including an appraisal of uncertainties. We analyze the observed complex relationships between geophysical velocities and target parameter logs using the alternating conditional expectation (ACE) algorithm. This nonparametric statistical tool allows us to perform multivariate regression analysis without assuming a specific functional relation between the variables. We are able to explain selected target parameters such as characteristic grain size values or natural gamma activity by our inverted geophysical data and to extrapolate these parameters to the inter-borehole plane covered by our crosshole experiments. We conclude that the ACE algorithm is a powerful tool to analyze a multivariate petrophysical data base and to develop an understanding of how a multi-parameter geophysical model can be linked and translated to selected geotechnical parameters.
KW  - Crosshole tomography
KW  - Global inversion
KW  - Nonparametric statistics
KW  - Geotechnical parameters
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.12.002
SN  - 0926-9851
SN  - 1879-1859
VL  - 101
SP  - 95
EP  - 107
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blanchard, Gilles
A1  - Delattre, Sylvain
A1  - Roquain, Etienne
T1  - Testing over a continuum of null hypotheses with False Discovery Rate control
JF  - Bernoulli : official journal of the Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability
N2  - We consider statistical hypothesis testing simultaneously over a fairly general, possibly uncountably infinite, set of null hypotheses, under the assumption that a suitable single test (and corresponding p-value) is known for each individual hypothesis. We extend to this setting the notion of false discovery rate (FDR) as a measure of type I error. Our main result studies specific procedures based on the observation of the p-value process. Control of the FDR at a nominal level is ensured either under arbitrary dependence of p-values, or under the assumption that the finite dimensional distributions of the p-value process have positive correlations of a specific type (weak PRDS). Both cases generalize existing results established in the finite setting. Its interest is demonstrated in several non-parametric examples: testing the mean/signal in a Gaussian white noise model, testing the intensity of a Poisson process and testing the c.d.f. of i.i.d. random variables.
KW  - continuous testing
KW  - false discovery rate
KW  - multiple testing
KW  - positive correlation
KW  - step-up
KW  - stochastic process
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3150/12-BEJ488
SN  - 1350-7265
SN  - 1573-9759
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
SP  - 304
EP  - 333
PB  - International Statistical Institute
CY  - Voorburg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Weiher, Marcel
A1  - Hirschfeld, Robert
T1  - Polymorphic identifiers: uniform resource access in objective-smalltalk
JF  - ACM SIGPLAN notices
N2  - In object-oriented programming, polymorphic dispatch of operations decouples clients from specific providers of services and allows implementations to be modified or substituted without affecting clients.
 The Uniform Access Principle (UAP) tries to extend these qualities to resource access by demanding that access to state be indistinguishable from access to operations. Despite language features supporting the UAP, the overall goal of substitutability has not been achieved for either alternative resources such as keyed storage, files or web pages, or for alternate access mechanisms: specific kinds of resources are bound to specific access mechanisms and vice versa. Changing storage or access patterns either requires changes to both clients and service providers and trying to maintain the UAP imposes significant penalties in terms of code-duplication and/or performance overhead.
 We propose introducing first class identifiers as polymorphic names for storage locations to solve these problems. With these Polymorphic Identifiers, we show that we can provide uniform access to a wide variety of resource types as well as storage and access mechanisms, whether parametrized or direct, without affecting client code, without causing code duplication or significant performance penalties.
KW  - Identifiers
KW  - REST
KW  - Uniform Access Principle
KW  - Extensibility
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1145/2508168.2508169
SN  - 0362-1340
SN  - 1558-1160
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
SP  - 61
EP  - 71
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - French, Alice S.
A1  - Simcock, Kerry L.
A1  - Rolke, Daniel
A1  - Gartside, Sarah E.
A1  - Blenau, Wolfgang
A1  - Wright, Geraldine A.
T1  - The role of serotonin in feeding and gut contractions in the honeybee
JF  - Journal of insect physiology
KW  - Honeybee
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - Serotonin
KW  - 5-HT
KW  - 5-HT receptor
KW  - Gut contractions
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.12.005
SN  - 0022-1910
SN  - 1879-1611
VL  - 61
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hepworth, Jo
A1  - Lenhard, Michael
T1  - Regulation of plant lateral-organ growth by modulating cell number and size
JF  - Current opinion in plant biology
N2  - Leaves and floral organs grow to distinct, species-specific sizes and shapes. Research over the last few years has increased our understanding of how genetic pathways modulate cell proliferation and cell expansion to determine these sizes and shapes. In particular, the timing of proliferation arrest is an important point of control for organ size, and work on the regulators involved is showing how this control is achieved mechanistically and integrates environmental information. We are also beginning to understand how growth differs in different organs to produce their characteristic shapes, and how growth is integrated between different tissues that make up plant organs. Lastly, components of the general machinery in eukaryotic cells have been identified as having important roles in growth control.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2013.11.005
SN  - 1369-5266
SN  - 1879-0356
VL  - 17
SP  - 36
EP  - 42
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koessl, M.
A1  - Hechavarria, J. C.
A1  - Voss, C.
A1  - Macias, S.
A1  - Mora, E. C.
A1  - Vater, Marianne
T1  - Neural maps for target range in the auditory cortex of echolocating bats
JF  - Current opinion in neurobiology : reviews of all advances ; evaluation of key references ; comprehensive listing of papers
N2  - Computational brain maps as opposed to maps of receptor surfaces strongly reflect functional neuronal design principles. In echolocating bats, computational maps are established that topographically represent the distance of objects. These target range maps are derived from the temporal delay between emitted call and returning echo and constitute a regular representation of time (chronotopy). Basic features of these maps are innate, and in different bat species the map size and precision varies. An inherent advantage of target range maps is the implementation of mechanisms for lateral inhibition and excitatory feedback. Both can help to focus target ranging depending on the actual echolocation situation. However, these maps are not absolutely necessary for bat echolocation since there are bat species without cortical target-distance maps, which use alternative ensemble computation mechanisms.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2013.08.016
SN  - 0959-4388
SN  - 1873-6882
VL  - 24
SP  - 68
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dolgener, N.
A1  - Freudenberger, L.
A1  - Schluck, M.
A1  - Schneeweiss, N.
A1  - Ibisch, P. L.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Environmental niche factor analysis (ENFA) relates environmental parameters to abundance and genetic diversity in an endangered amphibian, the fire-bellied-toad (Bombina bombina)
JF  - Conservation genetics
N2  - Increasing attempts are made to understand the factors responsible for both the demographic and genetic depletion in amphibian populations. Landscape genetics aims at a spatially explicit correlation of genetic population parameters to landscape features. Using data from the endangered fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina in Brandenburg (Northeastern Germany), we performed an environmental niche factor analysis (ENFA), relating demographic (abundance) and genetic (diversity at 17 microsatellite loci and partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region in 434 individuals from 16 populations) parameters to ecological and anthropogenic variables such as temperature, precipitation, soil wetness, water runoff, vegetation density, and road/traffic impact. We found significant correlations between road disturbance and observed heterozygosity and between soil wetness and mitochondrial diversity. As the influences of the environmental variables can differ between different indicators for genetic diversity, population size and abundance data, our ENFA-based landscape genetics approach allows us to put various aspects of long- versus short term effective population size and genetic connectivity into an ecological and spatially explicit context, enabling potentially even forecast assessment under future environmental scenarios.
KW  - Distribution modelling
KW  - ENFA
KW  - Genetic diversity
KW  - Fire-bellied toad
KW  - Landscape genetics
KW  - Road disturbance
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0517-4
SN  - 1566-0621
SN  - 1572-9737
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 21
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bora, Sanjay Singh
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
A1  - Kühn, Nicolas
A1  - Stafford, Peter
T1  - Fourier spectral- and duration models for the generation of response spectra adjustable to different source-, propagation-, and site conditions
JF  - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2  - One of the major challenges related with the current practice in seismic hazard studies is the adjustment of empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to different seismological environments. We believe that the key to accommodating differences in regional seismological attributes of a ground motion model lies in the Fourier spectrum. In the present study, we attempt to explore a new approach for the development of response spectral GMPEs, which is fully consistent with linear system theory when it comes to adjustment issues. This approach consists of developing empirical prediction equations for Fourier spectra and for a particular duration estimate of ground motion which is tuned to optimize the fit between response spectra obtained through the random vibration theory framework and the classical way. The presented analysis for the development of GMPEs is performed on the recently compiled reference database for seismic ground motion in Europe (RESORCE-2012). Although, the main motivation for the presented approach is the adjustability and the use of the corresponding model to generate data driven host-to-target conversions, even as a standalone response spectral model it compares reasonably well with the GMPEs of Ambraseys et al. (Bull Earthq Eng 3:1-53, 2005), Akkar and Bommer (Seismol Res Lett 81(2):195-206, 2010) and Akkar and Cagnan (Bull Seismol Soc Am 100(6):2978-2995, 2010).
KW  - Ground motion prediction equation
KW  - Fourier amplitude spectrum
KW  - Duration
KW  - Random vibration theory
KW  - Response Spectrum
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9482-z
SN  - 1570-761X
SN  - 1573-1456
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 467
EP  - 493
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hermkes, Marcel
A1  - Kühn, Nicolas M.
A1  - Riggelsen, Carsten
T1  - Simultaneous quantification of epistemic and aleatory uncertainty in GMPEs using Gaussian process regression
JF  - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2  - This paper presents a Bayesian non-parametric method based on Gaussian Process (GP) regression to derive ground-motion models for peak-ground parameters and response spectral ordinates. Due to its non-parametric nature there is no need to specify any fixed functional form as in parametric regression models. A GP defines a distribution over functions, which implicitly expresses the uncertainty over the underlying data generating process. An advantage of GP regression is that it is possible to capture the whole uncertainty involved in ground-motion modeling, both in terms of aleatory variability as well as epistemic uncertainty associated with the underlying functional form and data coverage. The distribution over functions is updated in a Bayesian way by computing the posterior distribution of the GP after observing ground-motion data, which in turn can be used to make predictions. The proposed GP regression models is evaluated on a subset of the RESORCE data base for the SIGMA project. The experiments show that GP models have a better generalization error than a simple parametric regression model. A visual assessment of different scenarios demonstrates that the inferred GP models are physically plausible.
KW  - Gaussian Process regression
KW  - Epistemic uncertainty
KW  - Aleatory variability
KW  - Empirical ground-motion models
KW  - Bayesian non-parametrics
KW  - GMPE
KW  - Generalization error
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9507-7
SN  - 1570-761X
SN  - 1573-1456
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 449
EP  - 466
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Douglas, John
A1  - Akkar, Sinan
A1  - Ameri, Gabriele
A1  - Bard, Pierre-Yves
A1  - Bindi, Dino
A1  - Bommer, Julian J.
A1  - Bora, Sanjay Singh
A1  - Cotton, Fabrice
A1  - Derras, Boumediene
A1  - Hermkes, Marcel
A1  - Kuehn, Nicolas Martin
A1  - Luzi, Lucia
A1  - Massa, Marco
A1  - Pacor, Francesca
A1  - Riggelsen, Carsten
A1  - Sandikkaya, M. Abdullah
A1  - Scherbaum, Frank
A1  - Stafford, Peter J.
A1  - Traversa, Paola
T1  - Comparisons among the five ground-motion models developed using RESORCE for the prediction of response spectral accelerations due to earthquakes in Europe and the Middle East
JF  - Bulletin of earthquake engineering : official publication of the European Association for Earthquake Engineering
N2  - This article presents comparisons among the five ground-motion models described in other articles within this special issue, in terms of data selection criteria, characteristics of the models and predicted peak ground and response spectral accelerations. Comparisons are also made with predictions from the Next Generation Attenuation (NGA) models to which the models presented here have similarities (e.g. a common master database has been used) but also differences (e.g. some models in this issue are nonparametric). As a result of the differing data selection criteria and derivation techniques the predicted median ground motions show considerable differences (up to a factor of two for certain scenarios), particularly for magnitudes and distances close to or beyond the range of the available observations. The predicted influence of style-of-faulting shows much variation among models whereas site amplification factors are more similar, with peak amplification at around 1s. These differences are greater than those among predictions from the NGA models. The models for aleatory variability (sigma), however, are similar and suggest that ground-motion variability from this region is slightly higher than that predicted by the NGA models, based primarily on data from California and Taiwan.
KW  - Strong-motion data
KW  - Ground-motion models
KW  - Ground-motion prediction equations
KW  - Style of faulting
KW  - Site amplification
KW  - Aleatory variability
KW  - Epistemic uncertainty
KW  - Europe
KW  - Middle East
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9522-8
SN  - 1570-761X
SN  - 1573-1456
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SP  - 341
EP  - 358
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sandev, Trifce
A1  - Metzler, Ralf
A1  - Tomovski, Zivorad
T1  - Correlation functions for the fractional generalized Langevin equation in the presence of internal and external noise
JF  - Journal of mathematical physics
N2  - We study generalized fractional Langevin equations in the presence of a harmonic potential. General expressions for the mean velocity and particle displacement, the mean squared displacement, position and velocity correlation functions, as well as normalized displacement correlation function are derived. We report exact results for the cases of internal and external friction, that is, when the driving noise is either internal and thus the fluctuation-dissipation relation is fulfilled or when the noise is external. The asymptotic behavior of the generalized stochastic oscillator is investigated, and the case of high viscous damping (overdamped limit) is considered. Additional behaviors of the normalized displacement correlation functions different from those for the regular damped harmonic oscillator are observed. In addition, the cases of a constant external force and the force free case are obtained. The validity of the generalized Einstein relation for this process is discussed. The considered fractional generalized Langevin equation may be used to model anomalous diffusive processes including single file-type diffusion.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4863478
SN  - 0022-2488
SN  - 1089-7658
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miller, Jeff
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - Brain signals do not demonstrate unconscious decision making: An interpretation based on graded conscious awareness
JF  - Consciousness and cognition
N2  - Neuroscientific studies have shown that brain activity correlated with a decision to move can be observed before a person reports being consciously aware of having made that decision (e.g., Libet, Gleason, Wright, & Pearl, 1983; Soon, Brass, Heinze, & Haynes, 2008). Given that a later event (i.e., conscious awareness) cannot cause an earlier one (i.e., decision-related brain activity), such results have been interpreted as evidence that decisions are made unconsciously (e.g., Libet, 1985). We argue that this interpretation depends upon an all-or-none view of consciousness, and we offer an alternative interpretation of the early decision-related brain activity based on models in which conscious awareness of the decision to move develops gradually up to the level of a reporting criterion. Under this interpretation, the early brain activity reflects sub-criterion levels of awareness rather than complete absence of awareness and thus does not suggest that decisions are made unconsciously.
KW  - Neuroscience
KW  - Consciousness
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Libet
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2013.12.004
SN  - 1053-8100
SN  - 1090-2376
VL  - 24
SP  - 12
EP  - 21
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Deplazes, Gaudenz
A1  - Lückge, Andreas
A1  - Stuut, Jan-Berend W.
A1  - Paetzold, Jürgen
A1  - Kuhlmann, Holger
A1  - Husson, Dorothee
A1  - Fant, Mara
A1  - Haug, Gerald H.
T1  - Weakening and strengthening of the Indian monsoon during Heinrich events and Dansgaard- Oeschger oscillations
JF  - Paleoceanography
N2  - The Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations and Heinrich events described in North Atlantic sediments and Greenland ice are expressed in the climate of the tropics, for example, as documented in Arabian Sea sediments. Given the strength of this teleconnection, we seek to reconstruct its range of environmental impacts. We present geochemical and sedimentological data from core SO130-289KL from the Indus submarine slope spanning the last similar to 80 kyr. Elemental and grain size analyses consistently indicate that interstadials are characterized by an increased contribution of fluvial suspension from the Indus River. In contrast, stadials are characterized by an increased contribution of aeolian dust from the Arabian Peninsula. Decadal-scale shifts at climate transitions, such as onsets of interstadials, were coeval with changes in productivity-related proxies. Heinrich events stand out as especially dry and dusty events, indicating a dramatically weakened Indian summer monsoon, potentially increased winter monsoon circulation, and increased aridity on the Arabian Peninsula. This finding is consistent with other paleoclimate evidence for continental aridity in the northern tropics during these events. Our results strengthen the evidence that circum-North Atlantic temperature variations translate to hydrological shifts in the tropics, with major impacts on regional environmental conditions such as rainfall, river discharge, aeolian dust transport, and ocean margin anoxia.
KW  - Indian Monsoon
KW  - Arabian Sea
KW  - XRF
KW  - Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations
KW  - Heinrich events
KW  - Sediment Transport
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002509
SN  - 0883-8305
SN  - 1944-9186
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 99
EP  - 114
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Goering, D.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Schlenker, S.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
T1  - The HESS central data acquisition system
JF  - Astroparticle physics
KW  - DAQ
KW  - Data acquisition
KW  - VHE
KW  - Gamma ray astronomy
KW  - HESS
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.11.007
SN  - 0927-6505
SN  - 1873-2852
VL  - 54
SP  - 67
EP  - 80
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Acciari, V. A.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Bradbury, S. M.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - de la Calle Perez, I.
A1  - Carter-Lewis, D. A.
A1  - Cesarini, A.
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Collins-Hughes, E.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, Simone
A1  - Fegan, D. J.
A1  - Fegan, S. J.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Finnegan, G.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Gaidos, J.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gall, D.
A1  - Gibbs, K.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Horan, D.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - McEnery, J. E.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Nelson, T.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Orr, M.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Petry, D.
A1  - Pichel, A.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reynolds, T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Rovero, A.
A1  - Schroedter, M.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Smith, A.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Toner, J.
A1  - Tyler, J.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vivier, M.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Ward, J. E.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Wissel, S.
T1  - Observation of Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time span
JF  - Astroparticle physics
N2  - The variability of the blazar Markarian 421 in TeV gamma rays over a 14-year time period has been explored with the Whipple 10 m telescope. It is shown that the dynamic range of its flux variations is large and similar to that in X-rays. A correlation between the X-ray and TeV energy bands is observed during some bright flares and when the complete data sets are binned on long timescales. The main database consists of 878.4 h of observation with the Whipple telescope, spread over 783 nights. The peak energy response of the telescope was 400 GeV with 20% uncertainty. This is the largest database of any TeV-emitting active galactic nucleus (AGN) and hence was used to explore the variability profile of Markarian 421. The tithe-averaged flux from Markarian 421 over this period was 0.446 +/- 0.008 Crab flux units. The flux exceeded 10 Crab flux units on three separate occasions. For the 2000-2001 season the average flux reached 1.86 Crab units, while in the 1996-1997 season the average flux was only 0.23 Crab units.
KW  - AGN
KW  - TeV gamma rays
KW  - Markarian 421
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.astropartphys.2013.10.004
SN  - 0927-6505
SN  - 1873-2852
VL  - 54
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gatte-Picchi, Douglas
A1  - Weiz, Annika
A1  - Ishida, Keishi
A1  - Hertweck, Christian
A1  - Dittmann-Thünemann, Elke
T1  - Functional analysis of environmental DNA-derived microviridins provides new insights into the diversity of the tricyclic peptide family
JF  - Applied and environmental microbiology
N2  - Microviridins represent a unique family of ribosomally synthesized cage-like depsipeptides from cyanobacteria with potent protease-inhibitory activities. The natural diversity of these peptides is largely unexplored. Here, we describe two methodologies that were developed to functionally characterize cryptic microviridin gene clusters from metagenomic DNA. Environmental samples were collected and enriched from cyanobacterial freshwater blooms of different geographical origins containing predominantly Microcystis sp. Microviridins were produced either directly from fosmid clones or after insertion of environmental DNA-derived gene cassettes into a minimal expression platform in Escherichia coli. Three novel microviridin variants were isolated and tested against different serine-type proteases. The comparison of the bioactivity profiles of the new congeners allows deduction of further structure-function relationships for microviridins. Moreover, this study provides new insights into microviridin processing and gene cluster organization.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03502-13
SN  - 0099-2240
SN  - 1098-5336
VL  - 80
IS  - 4
SP  - 1380
EP  - 1387
PB  - American Society for Microbiology
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shenar, Tomer
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
A1  - Todt, Helge Tobias
T1  - The impact of rotation on the line profiles of Wolf-Rayet stars
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Massive Wolf-Rayet stars are recognized today to be in a very common, but short, evolutionary phase of massive stars. While our understanding of Wolf-Rayet stars has increased dramatically over the past decades, it remains unclear whether rapid rotators are among them. There are various indications that rapidly rotating Wolf-Rayet stars should exist. Unfortunately, due to their expanding atmospheres, rotational velocities of Wolf-Rayet stars are very difficult to measure. However, recently observed spectra of several Wolf-Rayet stars reveal peculiarly broad and round emission lines. Could these spectra imply rapid rotation?
 Aims. In this work, we model the effects of rotation on the atmospheres of Wolf-Rayet stars. We further investigate whether the peculiar spectra of five Wolf-Rayet stars may be explained with the help of stellar rotation, infer appropriate rotation parameters, and discuss the implications of our results.
 Methods. We make use of the Potsdam Wolf-Rayet (PoWR) non-LTE model atmosphere code. Since the observed spectra of WolfRayet stars are mainly formed in their expanding atmospheres, rotation must be accounted for with a 3D integration scheme of the formal integral. For this purpose, we assume a rotational velocity field consisting of an inner co-rotating domain and an outer domain, where the angular momentum is conserved.
 Results. We find that rotation can reproduce the unique spectra analyzed here. However, the inferred rotational velocities at the stellar surface are large (similar to 200 km s(-1)), and the inferred co-rotation radii (similar to 10R.) suggest the existence of very strong photospheric magnetic fields (similar to 20 kG).
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - stars: magnetic field
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - gamma-ray burst: general
KW  - stars: rotation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322496
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 562
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Louis, Rohan E.
A1  - Puschmann, Klaus G.
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
A1  - Balthasar, Horst
A1  - Denker, Carsten
T1  - Sunspot splitting triggering an eruptive flare
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Aims. We investigate how the splitting of the leading sunspot and associated flux emergence and cancellation in active region NOAA 11515 caused an eruptive M5.6 flare on 2012 July 2.
 Methods. Continuum intensity, line-of-sight magnetogram, and dopplergram data of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager were employed to analyse the photospheric evolution. Filtergrams in H alpha and He I 10830 angstrom of the Chromospheric Telescope at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, track the evolution of the flare. The corresponding coronal conditions were derived from 171 angstrom and 304 angstrom images of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly. Local correlation tracking was utilized to determine shear flows.
 Results. Emerging flux formed a neutral line ahead of the leading sunspot and new satellite spots. The sunspot splitting caused a long-lasting flow towards this neutral line, where a filament formed. Further flux emergence, partly of mixed polarity, as well as episodes of flux cancellation occurred repeatedly at the neutral line. Following a nearby C-class precursor flare with signs of interaction with the filament, the filament erupted nearly simultaneously with the onset of the M5.6 flare and evolved into a coronal mass ejection. The sunspot stretched without forming a light bridge, splitting unusually fast (within about a day, complete approximate to 6 h after the eruption) in two nearly equal parts. The front part separated strongly from the active region to approach the neighbouring active region where all its coronal magnetic connections were rooted. It also rotated rapidly (by 4.9 degrees h(-1)) and caused significant shear flows at its edge.
 Conclusions. The eruption resulted from a complex sequence of processes in the (sub-)photosphere and corona. The persistent flows towards the neutral line likely caused the formation of a flux rope that held the filament. These flows, their associated flux cancellation, the emerging flux, and the precursor flare all contributed to the destabilization of the flux rope. We interpret the sunspot splitting as the separation of two flux bundles differently rooted in the convection zone and only temporarily joined in the spot. This explains the rotation as the continued rise of the separating flux, and it implies that at least this part of the sunspot was still connected to its roots deep in the convection zone.
KW  - Sun: flares
KW  - sunspots
KW  - Sun: photosphere
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - techniques: photometric
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321106
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 562
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Collaboration, H. E. S. S.
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical  Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - de Wilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, Dieter
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schuessler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spies, F.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, Kornelia
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - Weidinger, M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
T1  - HESS observations of the Crab during its March 2013 GeV gamma-ray flare
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. On March 4, 2013 the Fermi-EAT and AGILE reported a flare from the direction of the Crab nebula in which the high-energy (HE; E > 100 MeV) flux was six times above its quiescent level. Simultaneous observations in other energy bands give us hints about the emission processes during the flare episode and the physics of pulsar wind nebulae in general.
 Aims. We search for variability in the emission of the Crab nebula at very-high energies (VHF,; E > 100 GeV), using contemporaneous data taken with the H.E.S.S. array of Cherenkov telescopes.
 Methods. Observational data taken with the H.E.S.S. instrument on five consecutive days during the flare were analysed for the flux and spectral shape of the emission from the Crab nebula. Night-wise light curves are presented with energy thresholds of 1 TeV and 5 TeV.
 Results. The observations conducted with H.E.S.S. on March 6 to March 10, 2013 show no significant changes in the flux. They limit the variation in the integral flux above 1 TeV to less than 63% and the integral flux above 5 TeV to less than 78% at a 95% confidence level.
KW  - gamma rays: ISM
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Crab nebula
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - relativistic processes
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201323013
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 562
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical  Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Daniel, M. K.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - dewilt, P.
A1  - Dickinson, H. J.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lennarz, D.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - de los Reyes, R.
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schuessler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spies, F.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Szostek, A.
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - Weidinger, M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
T1  - HESS J1818-154, a new composite supernova remnant discovered in TeV gamma rays and X-rays
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Composite supernova remnants (SNRs) constitute a small subclass of the remnants of massive stellar explosions where non-thermal radiation is observed from both the expanding shell-like shock front and from a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) located inside of the SNR. These systems represent a unique evolutionary phase of SNRs where observations in the radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray regimes allow the study of the co-evolution of both these energetic phenomena. In this article, we report results from observations of the shell-type SNR G15.4+0.1 performed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H. E. S. S.) and XMM-Newton. A compact TeV gamma-ray source, HESS J1818-154, located in the center and contained within the shell of G15.4+0.1 is detected by H. E. S. S. and featurs a spectrum best represented by a power-law model with a spectral index of -2.3 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.2(sys) and an integral flux of F(>0.42 TeV) = (0.9 +/- 0.3(stat) +/- 0.2(sys)) x 10(-12) cm(-2) s(-1). Furthermore, a recent observation with XMM-Newton reveals extended X-ray emission strongly peaked in the center of G15.4+0.1. The X-ray source shows indications of an energy-dependent morphology featuring a compact core at energies above 4 keV and more extended emission that fills the entire region within the SNR at lower energies. Together, the X-ray and VHE gamma-ray emission provide strong evidence of a PWN located inside the shell of G15.4+0.1 and this SNR can therefore be classified as a composite based on these observations. The radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray emission from the PWN is compatible with a one-zone leptonic model that requires a low average magnetic field inside the emission region. An unambiguous counterpart to the putative pulsar, which is thought to power the PWN, has been detected neither in radio nor in X-ray observations of G15.4+0.1.
KW  - X-rays: individuals: G15.4+0.1
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - supernovae: individual: HESS J1818-154
KW  - X-rays: general
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322914
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 562
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical  Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Angüner, Ekrem Oǧuzhan
A1  - Anton, Gisela
A1  - Backes, Michael
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Bissaldi, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Brucker, J.
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Cheesebrough, A.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fussling, Matthias
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, M.
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jung, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kneiske, T.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - Naumann, C. L.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Wilhelmi, E. de Ona
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Perez, J.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Raue, M.
A1  - Reichardt, I.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - Reyes, R. de los
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Rob, L.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schuessler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spies, F.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - Weidinger, M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
A1  - Malyshev, D.
T1  - Search for extended gamma-ray emission around AGN with HESS and Fermi-LAT
JF  - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal
N2  - Context. Very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emission from blazars inevitably gives rise to electron-positron pair production through the interaction of these gamma-rays with the extragalactic background light (EBL). Depending on the magnetic fields in the proximity of the source, the cascade initiated from pair production can result in either an isotropic halo around an initially- beamed source or a magnetically- broadened cascade :aux.
 Aims. Both extended pair-halo (PH) and magnetically broadened cascade (MBC) emission from regions surrounding the blazars 1ES 1101-232, IRS 0229+200, and PKS 2155-304 were searched for using VHE y-ray data taken with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS.) and high-energy (HE; 100 MeV < E < 100 GeV) gamma-ray data with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT).
 Methods. By comparing the angular distributions of the reconstructed gamma-ray events to the angular profiles calculated from detailed theoretical models, the presence of PH and MBC was investigated.
 Results. Upper limits on the extended emission around lES 1101-232, lES 0229+200, and PKS 2155-304 are found to be at a level of a few per cent of the Crab nebula flux above 1 TeV, depending on the assumed photon index of the cascade emission. Assuming strong extra-Galactic magnetic field (EGME) values, >10(-12) G, this limits the production of pair haloes developing from electromagnetic cascades. For weaker magnetic fields, in which electromagnetic cascades would result in MBCs. EGMF strengths in the range (0.3-3) x 10(-15) G were excluded for PKS 2155-304 at the 99% confidence level, under the assumption of a 1 Mpc coherence length.
KW  - gamma rays: galaxies
KW  - galaxies: magnetic fields
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: PKS 2155-304
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 1101-232
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual: lES 0229+200
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201322510
SN  - 0004-6361
SN  - 1432-0746
VL  - 562
PB  - EDP Sciences
CY  - Les Ulis
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Macaulay, Euan A.
A1  - Sobel, Edward
A1  - Mikolaichuk, Alexander
A1  - Kohn, Barry
A1  - Stuart, Finlay M.
T1  - Cenozoic deformation and exhumation history of the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan
JF  - Tectonics
N2  - New low-temperature thermochronological data from 80 samples in eastern Kyrgyzstan are combined with previously published data from 61 samples to constrain exhumation in a number of mountain ranges in the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan. All sampled ranges are found to have a broadly consistent Cenozoic exhumation history, characterized by initially low cooling rates (<1 degrees C/Myr) followed by a series of increases in exhumation that occurred diachronously across the region in the late Cenozoic that are interpreted to record the onset of deformation in different mountain ranges. Combined with geological estimates for the onset of proximal deformation, our data suggest that the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan started deforming in the late Oligocene-early Miocene, leading to the development of several, widely spaced mountain ranges separated by large intermontane basins. Subsequently, more ranges have been constructed in response to significant shortening increases across the Central Kyrgyz Tien Shan, notably in the late Miocene. The order of range construction is interpreted to reflect variations in the susceptibility of inherited structures to reactivation. Reactivated structures are also shown to have significance along strike variations in fault vergence and displacement, which have influenced the development and growth of individual mountain ranges. Moreover, the timing of deformation allows the former extent of many intermontane basins that have since been partitioned to be inferred; this can be linked to the highly time-transgressive onset of late Cenozoic coarse clastic sedimentation.
KW  - thermochronology
KW  - Tien Shan
KW  - out-of-sequence deformation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013TC003376
SN  - 0278-7407
SN  - 1944-9194
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
SP  - 135
EP  - 165
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zimmermann, Beate
A1  - Zimmermann, Alexander
A1  - Turner, Benjamin L.
A1  - Francke, Till
A1  - Elsenbeer, Helmut
T1  - Connectivity of overland flow by drainage network expansion in a rain forest catchment
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - Soils in various places of the Panama Canal Watershed feature a low saturated hydraulic conductivity (K-s) at shallow depth, which promotes overland-flow generation and associated flashy catchment responses. In undisturbed forests of these areas, overland flow is concentrated in flow lines that extend the channel network and provide hydrological connectivity between hillslopes and streams. To understand the dynamics of overland-flow connectivity, as well as the impact of connectivity on catchment response, we studied an undisturbed headwater catchment by monitoring overland-flow occurrence in all flow lines and discharge, suspended sediment, and total phosphorus at the catchment outlet. We find that connectivity is strongly influenced by seasonal variation in antecedent wetness and can develop even under light rainfall conditions. Connectivity increased rapidly as rainfall frequency increased, eventually leading to full connectivity and surficial drainage of entire hillslopes. Connectivity was nonlinearly related to catchment response. However, additional information on factors such as overland-flow volume would be required to constrain relationships between connectivity, stormflow, and the export of suspended sediment and phosphorus. The effort to monitor those factors would be substantial, so we advocate applying the established links between rain event characteristics, drainage network expansion by flow lines, and catchment response for predictive modeling and catchment classification in forests of the Panama Canal Watershed and in similar regions elsewhere.
KW  - connectivity
KW  - overland flow
KW  - stormflow
KW  - suspended sediment
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - drainage network expansion
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2012WR012660
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
SP  - 1457
EP  - 1473
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ferrero, Silvio
A1  - Braga, R.
A1  - Berkesi, M.
A1  - Cesare, Bernardo
A1  - Ouazaa, N. Laridhi
T1  - Production of metaluminous melt during fluid-present anatexis: an example from the Maghrebian basement, La Galite Archipelago, central Mediterranean
JF  - Journal of metamorphic geology
N2  - Garnet brought to the surface by late Miocene granitoids at La Galite Archipelago (Central Mediterranean, Tunisia) contains abundant primary melt and fluid inclusions. Microstructural observations and mineral chemistry define the host garnet as a peritectic phase produced by biotite incongruent melting at ~800 degrees C and 0.5GPa, under fluid-present conditions. The trapped melt is leucogranitic with an unexpected metaluminous and almost peralkaline character. Fluid inclusions are one phase at room temperature, and contain a CO2-dominated fluid, with minor H2O, N-2 and CH4. Siderite and an OH-bearing phase were identified by Raman and IR spectroscopy within every analysed inclusion, and are interpreted as products of a post-entrapment carbonation/hydration reaction between the fluid and the host during cooling. The fluid present during anatexis is therefore inferred to have been originally richer in both H2O and CO2. The production of anatectic melt with a metaluminous signature can be explained as the result of partial melting of relatively Al-poor protoliths assisted by CO2-rich fluids.
KW  - fluid inclusions
KW  - garnet
KW  - anatexis
KW  - nanogranites
KW  - melt inclusions
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12068
SN  - 0263-4929
SN  - 1525-1314
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 209
EP  - 225
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Scherler, Dirk
A1  - Bookhagen, Bodo
A1  - Strecker, Manfred
T1  - Tectonic control on Be-10-derived erosion rates in the Garhwal Himalaya, India
JF  - Journal of geophysical research : Earth surface
N2  - Erosion in the Himalaya is responsible for one of the greatest mass redistributions on Earth and has fueled models of feedback loops between climate and tectonics. Although the general trends of erosion across the Himalaya are reasonably well known, the relative importance of factors controlling erosion is less well constrained. Here we present 25 Be-10-derived catchment-averaged erosion rates from the Yamuna catchment in the Garhwal Himalaya, northern India. Tributary erosion rates range between similar to 0.1 and 0.5mmyr(-1) in the Lesser Himalaya and similar to 1 and 2mmyr(-1) in the High Himalaya, despite uniform hillslope angles. The erosion-rate data correlate with catchment-averaged values of 5 km radius relief, channel steepness indices, and specific stream power but to varying degrees of nonlinearity. Similar nonlinear relationships and coefficients of determination suggest that topographic steepness is the major control on the spatial variability of erosion and that twofold to threefold differences in annual runoff are of minor importance in this area. Instead, the spatial distribution of erosion in the study area is consistent with a tectonic model in which the rock uplift pattern is largely controlled by the shortening rate and the geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault (MHT). Our data support a shallow dip of the MHT underneath the Lesser Himalaya, followed by a midcrustal ramp underneath the High Himalaya, as indicated by geophysical data. Finally, analysis of sample results from larger main stem rivers indicates significant variability of Be-10-derived erosion rates, possibly related to nonproportional sediment supply from different tributaries and incomplete mixing in main stem channels.
KW  - Himalaya
KW  - erosion
KW  - tectonics
KW  - cosmogenic nuclides
KW  - channel steepness
KW  - stream power
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JF002955
SN  - 2169-9003
SN  - 2169-9011
VL  - 119
IS  - 2
SP  - 83
EP  - 105
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Prot, Sara
A1  - Gentile, Douglas A.
A1  - Anderson, Craig A.
A1  - Suzuki, Kanae
A1  - Swing, Edward
A1  - Lim, Kam Ming
A1  - Horiuchi, Yukiko
A1  - Jelic, Margareta
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Wei Liuqing, 
A1  - Liau, Albert K.
A1  - Khoo, Angeline
A1  - Petrescu, Poesis Diana
A1  - Sakamoto, Akira
A1  - Tajima, Sachi
A1  - Toma, Roxana Andreea
A1  - Warburton, Wayne
A1  - Zhang, Xuemin
A1  - Lam, Ben Chun Pan
T1  - Long-term relations among prosocial-media use, empathy, and prosocial behavior
JF  - Psychological science : research, theory, & application in psychology and related sciences
N2  - Despite recent growth of research on the effects of prosocial media, processes underlying these effects are not well understood. Two studies explored theoretically relevant mediators and moderators of the effects of prosocial media on helping. Study 1 examined associations among prosocial- and violent-media use, empathy, and helping in samples from seven countries. Prosocial-media use was positively associated with helping. This effect was mediated by empathy and was similar across cultures. Study 2 explored longitudinal relations among prosocial-video-game use, violent-video-game use, empathy, and helping in a large sample of Singaporean children and adolescents measured three times across 2 years. Path analyses showed significant longitudinal effects of prosocial- and violent-video-game use on prosocial behavior through empathy. Latent-growth-curve modeling for the 2-year period revealed that change in video-game use significantly affected change in helping, and that this relationship was mediated by change in empathy.
KW  - mass media
KW  - cross-cultural differences
KW  - social behavior
KW  - prosocial media
KW  - violent media
KW  - prosocial behavior
KW  - empathy
KW  - helping
KW  - general learning model
KW  - prediction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613503854
SN  - 0956-7976
SN  - 1467-9280
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 358
EP  - 368
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Otrelo-Cardoso, Ana Rita
A1  - da Silva Correia, Marcia Alexandra
A1  - Schwuchow, Viola
A1  - Svergun, Dmitri I.
A1  - Romao, Maria Joao
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
A1  - Santos-Silva, Teresa
T1  - Structural Data on the Periplasmic Aldehyde Oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli: SAXS and Preliminary X-ray Crystallography Analysis
JF  - International journal of molecular sciences
N2  - The periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli is a molybdenum enzyme involved in detoxification of aldehydes in the cell. It is an example of an heterotrimeric enzyme of the xanthine oxidase family of enzymes which does not dimerize via its molybdenum cofactor binding domain. In order to structurally characterize PaoABC, X-ray crystallography and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) have been carried out. The protein crystallizes in the presence of 20% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350 using the hanging-drop vapour diffusion method. Although crystals were initially twinned, several experiments were done to overcome twinning and lowering the crystallization temperature (293 K to 277 K) was the solution to the problem. The non-twinned crystals used to solve the structure diffract X-rays to beyond 1.80 angstrom and belong to the C2 space group, with cell parameters a = 109.42 angstrom, b = 78.08 angstrom, c = 151.77 angstrom, = 99.77 degrees, and one molecule in the asymmetric unit. A molecular replacement solution was found for each subunit separately, using several proteins as search models. SAXS data of PaoABC were also collected showing that, in solution, the protein is also an heterotrimer.
KW  - periplasmic aldehyde oxidoreductase
KW  - X-ray crystallography
KW  - small angle X-ray scattering
KW  - crystal twinning
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15022223
SN  - 1422-0067
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
SP  - 2223
EP  - 2236
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
A1  - Nosper, Manfred
A1  - Roehrig, Bernd
A1  - Linck-Eleftheriadis, Sigrid
A1  - Strandt, Gert
A1  - Völler, Heinz
T1  - Outcome quality of in-patient cardiac rehabilitation in elderly patients - identification of relevant parameters
JF  - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology
N2  - Background: Outcome quality management requires the consecutive registration of defined variables. The aim was to identify relevant parameters in order to objectively assess the in-patient rehabilitation outcome.
 Methods: From February 2009 to June 2010 1253 patients (70.9 +/- 7.0 years, 78.1% men) at 12 rehabilitation clinics were enrolled. Items concerning sociodemographic data, the impairment group (surgery, conservative/interventional treatment), cardiovascular risk factors, structural and functional parameters and subjective health were tested in respect of their measurability, sensitivity to change and their propensity to be influenced by rehabilitation.
 Results: The majority of patients (61.1%) were referred for rehabilitation after cardiac surgery, 38.9% after conservative or interventional treatment for an acute coronary syndrome. Functionally relevant comorbidities were seen in 49.2% (diabetes mellitus, stroke, peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive lung disease). In three key areas 13 parameters were identified as being sensitive to change and subject to modification by rehabilitation: cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides), exercise capacity (resting heart rate, maximal exercise capacity, maximal walking distance, heart failure, angina pectoris) and subjective health (IRES-24 (indicators of rehabilitation status): pain, somatic health, psychological well-being and depression as well as anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale).
 Conclusion: The outcome of in-patient rehabilitation in elderly patients can be comprehensively assessed by the identification of appropriate key areas, that is, cardiovascular risk factors, exercise capacity and subjective health. This may well serve as a benchmark for internal and external quality management.
KW  - Cardiac rehabilitation
KW  - quality management
KW  - outcome measures
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487312469475
SN  - 2047-4873
SN  - 2047-4881
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
SP  - 172
EP  - 180
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Flöel, Agnes
A1  - Werner, Cordula
A1  - Grittner, Ulrike
A1  - Hesse, Stefan
A1  - Jöbges, Michael
A1  - Knauss, Janet
A1  - Seifert, Michael
A1  - Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
A1  - Goevercin, Mehmet
A1  - Dohle, Christian
A1  - Fischer, Wolfgang
A1  - Schlieder, Regina
A1  - Nave, Alexander Heinrich
A1  - Meisel, Andreas
A1  - Ebinger, Martin
A1  - Wellwood, Ian
T1  - Physical fitness training in Subacute Stroke (PHYS-STROKE) - study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
JF  - Trials
N2  - Background: 
Given the rising number of strokes worldwide, and the large number of individuals left with disabilities after stroke, novel strategies to reduce disability, increase functions in the motor and the cognitive domains, and improve quality of life are of major importance. Physical activity is a promising intervention to address these challenges but, as yet, there is no study demonstrating definite outcomes. Our objective is to assess whether additional treatment in the form of physical fitness-based training for patients early after stroke will provide benefits in terms of functional outcomes, in particular gait speed and the Barthel Index (co-primary outcome measures) reflecting activities of daily living (ADL). We will gather secondary functional outcomes as well as mechanistic parameters in an exploratory approach.
 Methods/Design: Our phase III randomised controlled trial will recruit 215 adults with moderate to severe limitations of walking and ADL 5 to 45 days after stroke onset. Participants will be stratified for the prognostic variables of "centre", "age", and "stroke severity", and randomly assigned to one of two groups. The interventional group receives physical fitness training delivered as supported or unsupported treadmill training (cardiovascular active aerobic training; five times per week, over 4 weeks; each session 50 minutes; total of 20 additional physical fitness training sessions) in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. The control intervention consists of relaxation sessions (non-cardiovascular active; five times per week week, over 4 weeks; each session 50 minutes) in addition to standard rehabilitation treatment. Co-primary efficacy endpoints will be gait speed (in m/s, 10 m walk) and the Barthel Index (100 points total) at 3 months post-stroke, compared to baseline measurements. Secondary outcomes include standard measures of quality of life, sleep and mood, cognition, arm function, maximal oxygen uptake, and cardiovascular risk factors including blood pressure, pulse, waist-to-hip ratio, markers of inflammation, immunity and the insulin-glucose pathway, lipid profile, and others.
 Discussion: The goal of this endpoint-blinded, phase III randomised controlled trial is to provide evidence to guide post-stroke physical fitness-based rehabilitation programmes, and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this intervention.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-15-45
SN  - 1745-6215
VL  - 15
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Levermann, Anders
T1  - Make supply chains climate-smart
JF  - Nature : the international weekly journal of science
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0028-0836
SN  - 1476-4687
VL  - 506
IS  - 7486
SP  - 27
EP  - 29
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sutton, Christopher
A1  - Körzdörfer, Thomas
A1  - Gray, Matthew T.
A1  - Brunsfeld, Max
A1  - Parrish, Robert M.
A1  - Sherrill, C. David
A1  - Sears, John S.
A1  - Bredas, Jean-Luc
T1  - Accurate description of torsion potentials in conjugated polymers using density functionals with reduced self-interaction error
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - We investigate the torsion potentials in two prototypical pi-conjugated polymers, polyacetylene and polydiacetylene, as a function of chain length using different flavors of density functional theory. Our study provides a quantitative analysis of the delocalization error in standard semilocal and hybrid density functionals and demonstrates how it can influence structural and thermodynamic properties. The delocalization error is quantified by evaluating the many-electron self-interaction error (MESIE) for fractional electron numbers, which allows us to establish a direct connection between the MESIE and the error in the torsion barriers. The use of non-empirically tuned long-range corrected hybrid functionals results in a very significant reduction of the MESIE and leads to an improved description of torsion barrier heights. In addition, we demonstrate how our analysis allows the determination of the effective conjugation length in polyacetylene and polydiacetylene chains.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4863218
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Toeroek, T.
A1  - Leake, J. E.
A1  - Titov, Viacheslav S.
A1  - Archontis, V.
A1  - Mikic, Z.
A1  - Linton, M. G.
A1  - Dalmasse, K.
A1  - Aulanier, Guillaume
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
T1  - Distribution of electric currents in solar active regions
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - Sun: corona
KW  - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/782/1/L10
SN  - 2041-8205
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 782
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koerner, Katrin
A1  - Pfestorf, Hans
A1  - May, Felix
A1  - Jeltsch, Florian
T1  - Modelling the effect of belowground herbivory on grassland diversity
JF  - Ecological modelling : international journal on ecological modelling and engineering and systems ecolog
N2  - One challenging question in ecology is to explain species coexistence in highly diverse temperate grassland plant communities. Within this context, a clear understanding of the consequences of belowground herbivory for the composition and the diversity of plant communities continue to elude ecologists. The existing body of empirical evidence reveals partly contradictory responses ranging from negative to neutral or positive effects of belowground herbivory on grassland diversity.
 To reveal possible mechanistic grounds for these discrepancies, we extended an existing simulation model of grassland communities based on plant functional types to include root herbivory. This enabled us to test the effects of different feeding modes that represent different herbivore guilds. For each belowground feeding mode, we systematically varied the intensity and frequency of herbivory events for three different levels of soil fertility both in the presence and absence of additional aboveground grazing.
 Our modelling approach successfully reproduced various empirically reported diversity responses, merely on the basis of the different feeding modes. Different levels of plant resource availability affected the strength, but not the direction of the belowground herbivory effects. The only exception was the scenario with low resource levels, which promoted neutral (neither positive nor negative) diversity responses for some of the feeding modes. Interestingly, aboveground biomass production was largely unaffected by diversity changes induced by belowground herbivory except in the case of selective feeding modes that were related to specific functional traits.
 Our findings provide possible explanations for the broad spectrum of belowground herbivory effects on plant community diversity. Furthermore, the presented theoretical modelling approach provides a suitable conceptual framework to better understand the complex linkage between plant community and belowground herbivory dynamics.
KW  - Belowground herbivory
KW  - Individual based simulation model
KW  - Plant functional types
KW  - Species coexistence
KW  - IBC-grass model
KW  - ODD protocol
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.10.025
SN  - 0304-3800
SN  - 1872-7026
VL  - 273
SP  - 79
EP  - 85
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Aliu, E.
A1  - Archambault, S.
A1  - Arlen, T.
A1  - Aune, T.
A1  - Behera, B.
A1  - Beilicke, M.
A1  - Benbow, W.
A1  - Berger, K.
A1  - Bird, R.
A1  - Bouvier, A.
A1  - Buckley, J. H.
A1  - Bugaev, V.
A1  - Byrum, K.
A1  - Cerruti, M.
A1  - Chen, Xuhui
A1  - Ciupik, L.
A1  - Connolly, M. P.
A1  - Cui, W.
A1  - Duke, C.
A1  - Dumm, J.
A1  - Errando, M.
A1  - Falcone, A.
A1  - Federici, S.
A1  - Feng, Q.
A1  - Finley, J. P.
A1  - Fleischhack, H.
A1  - Fortin, P.
A1  - Fortson, L.
A1  - Furniss, A.
A1  - Galante, N.
A1  - Gillanders, G. H.
A1  - Griffin, S.
A1  - Griffiths, S. T.
A1  - Grube, J.
A1  - Gyuk, G.
A1  - Hanna, D.
A1  - Holder, J.
A1  - Hughes, G.
A1  - Humensky, T. B.
A1  - Johnson, C. A.
A1  - Kaaret, P.
A1  - Kertzman, M.
A1  - Khassen, Y.
A1  - Kieda, D.
A1  - Krawczynski, H.
A1  - Krennrich, F.
A1  - Lang, M. J.
A1  - Madhavan, A. S.
A1  - Maier, G.
A1  - Majumdar, P.
A1  - McArthur, S.
A1  - McCann, A.
A1  - Meagher, K.
A1  - Millis, J.
A1  - Moriarty, P.
A1  - Mukherjee, R.
A1  - Nieto, D.
A1  - Ong, R. A.
A1  - Otte, A. N.
A1  - Park, N.
A1  - Perkins, J. S.
A1  - Pohl, M.
A1  - Popkow, A.
A1  - Prokoph, H.
A1  - Quinn, J.
A1  - Ragan, K.
A1  - Reyes, L. C.
A1  - Reynolds, P. T.
A1  - Richards, G. T.
A1  - Roache, E.
A1  - Sembroski, G. H.
A1  - Smith, A. W.
A1  - Staszak, D.
A1  - Telezhinsky, Igor O.
A1  - Theiling, M.
A1  - Varlotta, A.
A1  - Vassiliev, V. V.
A1  - Vincent, S.
A1  - Wakely, S. P.
A1  - Weekes, T. C.
A1  - Weinstein, A.
A1  - Welsing, R.
A1  - Williams, D. A.
A1  - Zajczyk, A.
A1  - Zitzer, B.
T1  - A three-year multi-wavelenght study of the very-high-energy gamma-ray Blazar 1ES 0229+200
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual (1ES 0229+200, VER J0232+202)
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - magnetic fields
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/13
SN  - 0004-637X
SN  - 1538-4357
VL  - 782
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cui, Qianling
A1  - Yashchenok, Alexey
A1  - Zhang, Lu
A1  - Li, Lidong
A1  - Masic, Admir
A1  - Wienskol, Gabriele
A1  - Moehwald, Helmuth
A1  - Bargheer, Matias
T1  - Fabrication of Bifunctional Gold/Gelatin Hybrid Nanocomposites and Their Application
JF  - ACS applied materials & interfaces
N2  - Herein, a facile method is presented to integrate large gold nanoflowers (similar to 80 nm) and small gold nanoparticles (2-4 nm) into a single entity, exhibiting both surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and catalytic activity. The as-prepared gold nanoflowers were coated by a gelatin layer, in which the gold precursor was adsorbed and in situ reduced into small gold nanoparticles. The thickness of the gelatin shell is controlled to less than 10 nm, ensuring that the small gold nanoparticles are still in a SERS-active range of the inner Au core. Therefore, the reaction catalyzed by these nanocomposites can be monitored in situ using label-free SERS spectroscopy. In addition, these bifunctional nanocomposites are also attractive candidates for application in SERS monitoring of bioreactions because of their excellent biocompatibility.
KW  - core-shell nanostructure
KW  - gold
KW  - hybrid material
KW  - gelatin
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/am5000068
SN  - 1944-8244
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 1999
EP  - 2002
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  -