TY  - CHAP
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - von Websky, Karoline
A1  - Tsuprykov, Oleg
A1  - Klein, T.
T1  - Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition in a rat model of ischaemia-reperfusion injury may accelerate tubular regeneration but does not improve glomerular filtration rate
T2  - Diabetologia : journal of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD)
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0012-186X
SN  - 1432-0428
VL  - 57
SP  - S538
EP  - S538
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gvaramadze, V. V.
A1  - Chene, A.-N.
A1  - Kniazev, A. Y.
A1  - Schnurr, O.
A1  - Shenar, Tomer
A1  - Sander, Andreas Alexander Christoph
A1  - Hainich, Rainer
A1  - Langer, N.
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
A1  - Chu, Y.-H.
A1  - Gruendl, R. A.
T1  - Discovery of a new Wolf-Rayet star and a candidate star cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud with Spitzer
JF  - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
N2  - We report the first-ever discovery of a Wolf-Rayet (WR) star in the Large Magellanic Cloud via detection of a circular shell with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Follow-up observations with Gemini-South resolved the central star of the shell into two components separated from each other by a parts per thousand 2 arcsec (or a parts per thousand 0.5 pc in projection). One of these components turns out to be a WN3 star with H and He lines both in emission and absorption (we named it BAT99 3a using the numbering system based on extending the Breysacher et al. catalogue). Spectroscopy of the second component showed that it is a B0 V star. Subsequent spectroscopic observations of BAT99 3a with the du Pont 2.5-m telescope and the Southern African Large Telescope revealed that it is a close, eccentric binary system, and that the absorption lines are associated with an O companion star. We analysed the spectrum of the binary system using the non-LTE Potsdam WR (powr) code, confirming that the WR component is a very hot (a parts per thousand 90 kK) WN star. For this star, we derived a luminosity of log L/ L-aS (TM) = 5.45 and a mass-loss rate of 10(- 5.8) M-aS (TM) yr(- 1), and found that the stellar wind composition is dominated by helium with 20 per cent of hydrogen. Spectroscopy of the shell revealed an He iii region centred on BAT99 3a and having the same angular radius (a parts per thousand 15 arcsec) as the shell. We thereby add a new example to a rare class of high-excitation nebulae photoionized by WR stars. Analysis of the nebular spectrum showed that the shell is composed of unprocessed material, implying that the shell was swept-up from the local interstellar medium. We discuss the physical relationship between the newly identified massive stars and their possible membership of a previously unrecognized star cluster.
KW  - line: identification
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
KW  - ISM: bubbles
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stu909
SN  - 0035-8711
SN  - 1365-2966
VL  - 442
IS  - 2
SP  - 929
EP  - 945
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Abramowski, Attila
A1  - Aharonian, Felix A.
A1  - Benkhali, Faical  Ait
A1  - Akhperjanian, A. G.
A1  - Uner, E. O. Ang
A1  - Backes, Michael
A1  - Balenderan, Shangkari
A1  - Balzer, Arnim
A1  - Barnacka, Anna
A1  - Becherini, Yvonne
A1  - Tjus, J. Becker
A1  - Berge, David
A1  - Bernhard, Sabrina
A1  - Bernlöhr, K.
A1  - Birsin, E.
A1  - Biteau, Jonathan
A1  - Boettcher, Markus
A1  - Boisson, Catherine
A1  - Bolmont, J.
A1  - Bordas, Pol
A1  - Bregeon, Johan
A1  - Brun, Francois
A1  - Brun, Pierre
A1  - Bryan, Mark
A1  - Bulik, Tomasz
A1  - Carrigan, Svenja
A1  - Casanova, Sabrina
A1  - Chadwick, Paula M.
A1  - Chakraborty, N.
A1  - Chalme-Calvet, R.
A1  - Chaves, Ryan C. G.
A1  - Chretien, M.
A1  - Colafrancesco, Sergio
A1  - Cologna, Gabriele
A1  - Conrad, Jan
A1  - Couturier, C.
A1  - Cui, Y.
A1  - Dalton, M.
A1  - Davids, I. D.
A1  - Degrange, B.
A1  - Deil, C.
A1  - deWilt, P.
A1  - Djannati-Ataï, A.
A1  - Domainko, W.
A1  - Donath, A.
A1  - Dubus, G.
A1  - Dutson, K.
A1  - Dyks, J.
A1  - Dyrda, M.
A1  - Edwards, T.
A1  - Egberts, Kathrin
A1  - Eger, P.
A1  - Espigat, P.
A1  - Farnier, C.
A1  - Fegan, S.
A1  - Feinstein, F.
A1  - Fernandes, M. V.
A1  - Fernandez, D.
A1  - Fiasson, A.
A1  - Fontaine, G.
A1  - Foerster, A.
A1  - Fuessling, M.
A1  - Gabici, S.
A1  - Gajdus, M.
A1  - Gallant, Y. A.
A1  - Garrigoux, T.
A1  - Giavitto, G.
A1  - Giebels, B.
A1  - Glicenstein, J. F.
A1  - Gottschall, D.
A1  - Grondin, M. -H.
A1  - Grudzinska, M.
A1  - Hadasch, D.
A1  - Haeffner, S.
A1  - Hahn, J.
A1  - Harris, J.
A1  - Heinzelmann, G.
A1  - Henri, G.
A1  - Hermann, G.
A1  - Hervet, O.
A1  - Hillert, A.
A1  - Hinton, James Anthony
A1  - Hofmann, W.
A1  - Hofverberg, P.
A1  - Holler, Markus
A1  - Horns, D.
A1  - Ivascenko, A.
A1  - Jacholkowska, A.
A1  - Jahn, C.
A1  - Jamrozy, M.
A1  - Janiak, M.
A1  - Jankowsky, F.
A1  - Jung-Richardt, I.
A1  - Kastendieck, M. A.
A1  - Katarzynski, K.
A1  - Katz, U.
A1  - Kaufmann, S.
A1  - Khelifi, B.
A1  - Kieffer, M.
A1  - Klepser, S.
A1  - Klochkov, D.
A1  - Kluzniak, W.
A1  - Kolitzus, D.
A1  - Komin, Nu.
A1  - Kosack, K.
A1  - Krakau, S.
A1  - Krayzel, F.
A1  - Krueger, P. P.
A1  - Laffon, H.
A1  - Lamanna, G.
A1  - Lau, J.
A1  - Lefaucheur, J.
A1  - Lefranc, V.
A1  - Lemiere, A.
A1  - Lemoine-Goumard, M.
A1  - Lenain, J. -P.
A1  - Lohse, T.
A1  - Lopatin, A.
A1  - Lu, C. -C.
A1  - Marandon, V.
A1  - Marcowith, Alexandre
A1  - Marx, R.
A1  - Maurin, G.
A1  - Maxted, N.
A1  - Mayer, M.
A1  - McComb, T. J. L.
A1  - Mehault, J.
A1  - Meintjes, P. J.
A1  - Menzler, U.
A1  - Meyer, M.
A1  - Mitchell, A. M. W.
A1  - Moderski, R.
A1  - Mohamed, M.
A1  - Mora, K.
A1  - Moulin, Emmanuel
A1  - Murach, T.
A1  - de Naurois, M.
A1  - Niemiec, J.
A1  - Nolan, S. J.
A1  - Oakes, L.
A1  - Odaka, H.
A1  - Ohm, S.
A1  - Opitz, B.
A1  - Ostrowski, M.
A1  - Oya, I.
A1  - Panter, M.
A1  - Parsons, R. D.
A1  - Arribas, M. Paz
A1  - Pekeur, N. W.
A1  - Pelletier, G.
A1  - Petrucci, P. -O.
A1  - Peyaud, B.
A1  - Pita, S.
A1  - Poon, H.
A1  - Puehlhofer, G.
A1  - Punch, M.
A1  - Quirrenbach, A.
A1  - Raab, S.
A1  - Reichardt, I.
A1  - Reimer, A.
A1  - Reimer, O.
A1  - Renaud, M.
A1  - Reyes, R. de Los
A1  - Rieger, F.
A1  - Romoli, C.
A1  - Rosier-Lees, S.
A1  - Rowell, G.
A1  - Rudak, B.
A1  - Rulten, C. B.
A1  - Sahakian, V.
A1  - Salek, D.
A1  - Sanchez, David M.
A1  - Santangelo, Andrea
A1  - Schlickeiser, R.
A1  - Schuessler, F.
A1  - Schulz, A.
A1  - Schwanke, U.
A1  - Schwarzburg, S.
A1  - Schwemmer, S.
A1  - Sol, H.
A1  - Spanier, F.
A1  - Spengler, G.
A1  - Spies, F.
A1  - Stawarz, L.
A1  - Steenkamp, R.
A1  - Stegmann, Christian
A1  - Stinzing, F.
A1  - Stycz, K.
A1  - Sushch, Iurii
A1  - Tavernet, J. -P.
A1  - Tavernier, T.
A1  - Taylor, A. M.
A1  - Terrier, R.
A1  - Tluczykont, M.
A1  - Trichard, C.
A1  - Valerius, K.
A1  - Van Eldik, C.
A1  - van Soelen, B.
A1  - Vasileiadis, G.
A1  - Veh, J.
A1  - Venter, C.
A1  - Viana, A.
A1  - Vincent, P.
A1  - Vink, J.
A1  - Voelk, H. J.
A1  - Volpe, F.
A1  - Vorster, M.
A1  - Vuillaume, T.
A1  - Wagner, S. J.
A1  - Wagner, P.
A1  - Wagner, R. M.
A1  - Ward, M.
A1  - Weidinger, M.
A1  - Weitzel, Q.
A1  - White, R.
A1  - Wierzcholska, A.
A1  - Willmann, P.
A1  - Woernlein, A.
A1  - Wouters, D.
A1  - Yang, R.
A1  - Zabalza, V.
A1  - Zaborov, D.
A1  - Zacharias, M.
A1  - Zdziarski, A. A.
A1  - Zech, Alraune
A1  - Zechlin, H. -S.
A1  - Fukui, Y.
A1  - Sano, H.
A1  - Fukuda, T.
A1  - Yoshiike, S.
T1  - Discovery of the hard spectrum VHE gamma-ray source Hess J1641-463
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
N2  - This Letter reports the discovery of a remarkably hard spectrum source, HESS J1641-463, by the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in the very high energy (VHE) domain. HESS J1641-463 remained unnoticed by the usual analysis techniques due to confusion with the bright nearby source HESS J1640-465. It emerged at a significance level of 8.5 standard deviations after restricting the analysis to events with energies above 4 TeV. It shows a moderate flux level of phi(E > 1TeV) = (3.64 +/- 0.44(stat)+/- 0.73(sys)) x 10(-13) cm(-2) s(-1), corresponding to 1.8% of the Crab Nebula flux above the same energy, and a hard spectrum with a photon index of Gamma = 2.07 +/- 0.11(stat)+/- 0.20(sys). It is a point-like source, although an extension up to a Gaussian width of sigma = 3 arcmin cannot be discounted due to uncertainties in the H.E.S.S. point-spread function. The VHE gamma-ray flux of HESS J1641-463 is found to be constant over the observed period when checking time binnings from the year-by-year to the 28 minute exposure timescales. HESS J1641-463 is positionally coincident with the radio supernova remnant SNR G338.5+0.1. No X-ray candidate stands out as a clear association; however, Chandra and XMM-Newton data reveal some potential weak counterparts. Various VHE gamma-ray production scenarios are discussed. If the emission from HESS J1641-463 is produced by cosmic ray protons colliding with the ambient gas, then their spectrum must extend close to 1 PeV. This object may represent a source population contributing significantly to the galactic cosmic ray flux around the knee.
KW  - cosmic rays
KW  - gamma rays: general
KW  - ISM: individual objects (SNR G338.3-0.0, SNR G338.5+0.1)
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/794/1/L1
SN  - 2041-8205
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 794
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oskinova, Lidia M.
A1  - Naze, Yael
A1  - Todt, Helge Tobias
A1  - Huenemoerder, David P.
A1  - Ignace, Richard
A1  - Hubrig, Swetlana
A1  - Hamann, Wolf-Rainer
T1  - Discovery of X-ray pulsations from a massive star
JF  - Nature Communications
N2  - X-ray emission from stars much more massive than the Sun was discovered only 35 years ago. Such stars drive fast stellar winds where shocks can develop, and it is commonly assumed that the X-rays emerge from the shock-heated plasma. Many massive stars additionally pulsate. However, hitherto it was neither theoretically predicted nor observed that these pulsations would affect their X-ray emission. All X-ray pulsars known so far are associated with degenerate objects, either neutron stars or white dwarfs. Here we report the discovery of pulsating X-rays from a non-degenerate object, the massive B-type star xi(1) CMa. This star is a variable of beta Cep-type and has a strong magnetic field. Our observations with the X-ray Multi-Mirror (XMM-Newton) telescope reveal X-ray pulsations with the same period as the fundamental stellar oscillations. This discovery challenges our understanding of stellar winds from massive stars, their X-ray emission and their magnetism.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5024
SN  - 2041-1723
VL  - 5
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Pauen, Sabina
A1  - Hesse, Volker
A1  - Weissenborn, Juergen
T1  - Discrimination of rhythmic pattern at 4 months and language performance at 5 years: a longitudinal analysis of data from german-learning children
JF  - Language learning : a journal of research in language studies
N2  - In this article we report on early rhythmic discrimination performance of children who participated in a longitudinal study following children from birth to their 6th year of life. Thirty-four children including 8 children with a family risk for developmental language impairment were tested on the discrimination of trochaic and iambic disyllabic sequences when they were 4 months old. At 5 years of age, standardized measures on language performance (SETK3-5) and nonverbal intelligence (SON-R) were obtained. Overall, evidence of discrimination of the rhythmic patterns was found only for children without a family risk. The performance in early rhythmic discrimination correlated with the later outcomes in SETK3-5 subtests on sentence comprehension and morphological skills, but not with subtests related to memory performance nor with nonverbal intelligence. Our results suggest that indicators of language development can be discovered as early as 4 months of age, and seem to correlate with later outcomes in rather specific language skills.
KW  - rhythmic discrimination
KW  - early speech perception and later language performance
KW  - family risk for SLI
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12075
SN  - 0023-8333
SN  - 1467-9922
VL  - 64
SP  - 141
EP  - 164
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lau, Stephan
A1  - Kubiak, Thomas
A1  - Burchert, Sebastian
A1  - Goering, Mark
A1  - Oberlaender, Nils
A1  - von Mauschwitz, Hannes
A1  - von Sass, Sarah
A1  - Selle, Mareen
A1  - Hiemisch, Anette
T1  - Disentangling the effects of optimism and attributions on feelings of success
JF  - Personality and individual differences : an international journal of research into the structure and development of personality, and the causation of individual differences
N2  - Two experiments examined the effects of dispositional optimism and attributions on feelings of success in a performance setting. In Experiment 1, participants successfully solved three cognitive tasks and attributed the success either internally (i.e., to themselves) or externally (i.e., to a teammate). We found no effect of optimism, but a significant effect of the attribution: Internal attribution predicted an increase in feelings of success. In Experiment 2, we replicated the design and adopted an extreme groups approach in order to include the extremes of the optimism dimension. Only optimism affected feelings of success in this sample: Pessimistic participants showed higher increases in feelings of success than optimistic participants. We conclude that optimism, if disentangled from attribution, may have an effect on affect, with pessimism showing potential affective benefits. However, this association may be concealed if samples with a restricted range of the optimism dimension are studied.
KW  - Optimism
KW  - Performance setting
KW  - Attribution
KW  - Success
KW  - Affect
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.08.030
SN  - 0191-8869
VL  - 56
SP  - 78
EP  - 82
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boggio, Jose M. Chavez
A1  - Bodenmueller, D.
A1  - Fremberg, T.
A1  - Haynes, R.
A1  - Roth, Martin M.
A1  - Eisermann, R.
A1  - Lisker, M.
A1  - Zimmermann, L.
A1  - Boehm, Michael
T1  - Dispersion engineered silicon nitride waveguides by geometrical and refractive-index optimization
JF  - Journal of the Optical Society of America : B, Optical physics
N2  - Dispersion engineering in silicon nitride (SiXNY) waveguides is investigated through the optimization of the waveguide transversal dimensions and refractive indices in a multicladding arrangement. Ultraflat dispersion of -84.0 +/- 0.5 ps/nm/km between 1700 and 2440 nm and 1.5 +/- 3 ps/nm/km between 1670 and 2500 nm is numerically demonstrated. It is shown that typical refractive index fluctuations as well as dimension fluctuations during fabrication of the SiXNY waveguides are a limitation for obtaining ultraflat dispersion profiles. Single- and multicladding waveguides are fabricated and their dispersion profiles measured (over nearly 1000 nm) using a low-coherence frequency domain interferometric technique. By appropriate thickness optimization, the zero-dispersion wavelength is tuned over a large spectral range in single-and multicladding waveguides with small refractive index contrast (3%). A flat dispersion profile with +/- 3.2 ps/nm/km variation over 500 nm is obtained in a multicladding waveguide fabricated with a refractive index contrast of 37%. Finally, we generate a nearly three-octave supercontinuum in this dispersion flattened multicladding SiXNY waveguide. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.31.002846
SN  - 0740-3224
SN  - 1520-8540
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
SP  - 2846
EP  - 2857
PB  - Optical Society of America
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Dissociating preview validity and preview difficulty in parafoveal processing of word n+1 during reading
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Human perception and performance
N2  - Many studies have shown that previewing the next word n + 1 during reading leads to substantial processing benefit (e.g., shorter word viewing times) when this word is eventually fixated. However, evidence of such preprocessing in fixations on the preceding word n when in fact the information about the preview is acquired is far less consistent. A recent study suggested that such effects may be delayed into fixations on the next word n + 1 (Risse & Kliegl, 2012). To investigate the time course of parafoveal information-acquisition on the control of eye movements during reading, we conducted 2 gaze-contingent display-change experiments and orthogonally manipulated the processing difficulty (i.e., word frequency) of an n + 1 preview word and its validity relative to the target word. Preview difficulty did not affect fixation durations on the pretarget word n but on the target word n + 1. In fact, the delayed preview-difficulty effect was almost of the same size as the preview benefit associated with the n + 1 preview validity. Based on additional results from quantile-regression analyses on the time course of the 2 preview effects, we discuss consequences as to the integration of foveal and parafoveal information and potential implications for computational models of eye guidance in reading.
KW  - display-change awareness
KW  - eye movements
KW  - parafoveal-on-foveal effect
KW  - parafoveal preview benefit
KW  - perceptual span
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034997
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 653
EP  - 668
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hofmeister, Philip
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Distinctiveness and encoding effects in online sentence comprehension
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - In explicit memory recall and recognition tasks, elaboration and contextual isolation both facilitate memory performance. Here, we investigate these effects in the context of sentence processing: targets for retrieval during online sentence processing of English object relative clause constructions differ in the amount of elaboration associated with the target noun phrase, or the homogeneity of superficial features (text color). Experiment 1 shows that greater elaboration for targets during the encoding phase reduces reading times at retrieval sites, but elaboration of non-targets has considerably weaker effects. Experiment 2 illustrates that processing isolated superficial features of target noun phrases-here, a green word in a sentence with words colored white-does not lead to enhanced memory performance, despite triggering longer encoding times. These results are interpreted in the light of the memory models of Nairne, 1990, 2001, 2006, which state that encoding remnants contribute to the set of retrieval cues that provide the basis for similarity-based interference effects.
KW  - encoding
KW  - retrieval
KW  - similarity
KW  - distinctiveness
KW  - sentence processing
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01237
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 5
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Salka, Ivette
A1  - Wurzbacher, Christian
A1  - Garcia, Sarahi L.
A1  - Labrenz, Matthias
A1  - Juergens, Klaus
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
T1  - Distribution of acI-Actinorhodopsin genes in Baltic Sea salinity gradients indicates adaptation of facultative freshwater photoheterotrophs to brackish waters
JF  - Environmental microbiology
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 1462-2912
SN  - 1462-2920
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
SP  - 586
EP  - 597
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Toeroek, T.
A1  - Leake, J. E.
A1  - Titov, Viacheslav S.
A1  - Archontis, V.
A1  - Mikic, Z.
A1  - Linton, M. G.
A1  - Dalmasse, K.
A1  - Aulanier, Guillaume
A1  - Kliem, Bernhard
T1  - Distribution of electric currents in solar active regions
JF  - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics ; Part 2, Letters
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - Sun: corona
KW  - Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/782/1/L10
SN  - 2041-8205
SN  - 2041-8213
VL  - 782
IS  - 1
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fayyaz, Susann
A1  - Japtok, Lukasz
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
T1  - Divergent role of sphingosine 1-Phosphate on insulin resistance
JF  - Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology
N2  - Insulin resistance is a complex metabolic disorder in which insulin-sensitive tissues fail to respond to the physiological action of insulin. There is a strong correlation of insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes both reaching epidemic proportions. Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a hallmark of insulin resistance and a risk factor for several cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Numerous studies in humans and rodents have shown that insulin resistance is associated with elevations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in the plasma. Moreover, bioactive lipid intermediates such as diacylglycerol (DAG) and ceramides appear to accumulate in response to NEFA, which may interact with insulin signaling. However, recent work has also indicated that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a breakdown product of ceramide, modulate insulin signaling in different cell types. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge about S1P and insulin signaling in insulin sensitive cells. A specific focus is put on the action of S1P on hepatocytes, pancreatic beta-cells and skeletal muscle cells. In particular, modulation of S1P-signaling can be considered as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
KW  - Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)
KW  - Insulin resistance
KW  - Ceramides
KW  - Diacylglycerol (DAG)
KW  - Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA)
KW  - Hepatocytes
KW  - Pancreatic cells
KW  - Skeletal muscle cells
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000362990
SN  - 1015-8987
SN  - 1421-9778
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
SP  - 134
EP  - 147
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bauer, Barbara
A1  - Vos, Matthijs
A1  - Klauschies, Toni
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Diversity, functional similarity, and top-down control drive synchronization and the reliability of ecosystem function
JF  - The American naturalist : a bi-monthly journal devoted to the advancement and correlation of the biological sciences
N2  - The concept that diversity promotes reliability of ecosystem function depends on the pattern that community-level biomass shows lower temporal variability than species-level biomasses. However, this pattern is not universal, as it relies on compensatory or independent species dynamics. When in contrast within--trophic level synchronization occurs, variability of community biomass will approach population-level variability. Current knowledge fails to integrate how species richness, functional distance between species, and the relative importance of predation and competition combine to drive synchronization at different trophic levels. Here we clarify these mechanisms. Intense competition promotes compensatory dynamics in prey, but predators may at the same time increasingly synchronize, under increasing species richness and functional similarity. In contrast, predators and prey both show perfect synchronization under strong top-down control, which is promoted by a combination of low functional distance and high net growth potential of predators. Under such conditions, community-level biomass variability peaks, with major negative consequences for reliability of ecosystem function.
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - ecosystem services
KW  - population dynamics
KW  - predator-prey system
KW  - species richness
KW  - synchrony
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1086/674906
SN  - 0003-0147
SN  - 1537-5323
VL  - 183
IS  - 3
SP  - 394
EP  - 409
PB  - Univ. of Chicago Press
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reim, Tina
A1  - Scheiner, Ricarda
T1  - Division of labour in honey bees: age- and task-related changes in the expression of octopamine receptor genes
JF  - Insect molecular biology
N2  - The honey bee (Apis melliferaL.) has developed into an important ethological model organism for social behaviour and behavioural plasticity. Bees perform a complex age-dependent division of labour with the most pronounced behavioural differences occurring between in-hive bees and foragers. Whereas nurse bees, for example, stay inside the hive and provide the larvae with food, foragers leave the hive to collect pollen and nectar for the entire colony. The biogenic amine octopamine appears to play a major role in division of labour but the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. We here investigated the role of two characterized octopamine receptors in honey bee division of labour. AmOctR1 codes for a Ca2+-linked octopamine receptor. AmOctR3/4 codes for a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-coupled octopamine receptor. Messenger RNA expression of AmOctR1 in different brain neuropils correlates with social task, whereas expression of AmOctR3/4 changes with age rather than with social role per se. Our results for the first time link the regulatory role of octopamine in division of labour to specific receptors and brain regions. They are an important step forward in our understanding of complex behavioural organization in social groups.
KW  - Apis mellifera
KW  - behavioural plasticity
KW  - G-protein coupled receptor
KW  - AmOctR1
KW  - AmOctR3
KW  - 4
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/imb.12130
SN  - 0962-1075
SN  - 1365-2583
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
SP  - 833
EP  - 841
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Nowozin, Claudia
A1  - Wahnschaffe, A.
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Kunz, D.
T1  - Does bright light interfere with fear learning?
T2  - Journal of sleep research : official journal of the European Sleep Research Society
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0962-1105
SN  - 1365-2869
VL  - 23
SP  - 102
EP  - 102
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Appiah-Dwomoh, Edem Korkor
A1  - Torlak, Firdevs
A1  - Engel, Tilman
A1  - Stoll, Josefine
A1  - Müller, Juliane
A1  - Mayer, Frank
T1  - Does perturbed treadmill walking lead to emg-changes of the lower extremity?
T2  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0195-9131
SN  - 1530-0315
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
SP  - 827
EP  - 827
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thuiller, Wilfried
A1  - Muenkemueller, Tamara
A1  - Schiffers, Katja H.
A1  - Georges, Damien
A1  - Dullinger, Stefan
A1  - Eckhart, Vincent M.
A1  - Edwards, Thomas C.
A1  - Gravel, Dominique
A1  - Kunstler, Georges
A1  - Merow, Cory
A1  - Moore, Kara
A1  - Piedallu, Christian
A1  - Vissault, Steve
A1  - Zimmermann, Niklaus E.
A1  - Zurell, Damaris
A1  - Schurr, Frank Martin
T1  - Does probability of occurrence relate to population dynamics?
JF  - Ecography : pattern and diversity in ecology ; research papers forum
N2  - Interestingly, relationships between demographic parameters and occurrence probability did not vary substantially across degrees of shade tolerance and regions. Although they were influenced by the uncertainty in the estimation of the demographic parameters, we found that r was generally negatively correlated with P-occ, while N, and for most regions K, was generally positively correlated with P-occ. Thus, in temperate forest trees the regions of highest occurrence probability are those with high densities but slow intrinsic population growth rates. The uncertain relationships between demography and occurrence probability suggests caution when linking species distribution and demographic models.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.00836
SN  - 0906-7590
SN  - 1600-0587
VL  - 37
IS  - 12
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1166
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malinova, Irina
A1  - Mahlow, Sebastian
A1  - Alseekh, Saleh
A1  - Orawetz, Tom
A1  - Fernie, Alisdair
A1  - Baumann, Otto
A1  - Steup, Martin
A1  - Fettke, Jörg
T1  - Double knockout mutants of arabidopsis grown under normal conditions reveal that the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in transitory starch metabolism
JF  - Plant physiology : an international journal devoted to physiology, biochemistry, cellular and molecular biology, biophysics and environmental biology of plants
N2  - In leaves of two starch-related single-knockout lines lacking either the cytosolic transglucosidase (also designated as disproportionating enzyme 2, DPE2) or the maltose transporter (MEX1), the activity of the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme (PHS1) is increased. In both mutants, metabolism of starch-derived maltose is impaired but inhibition is effective at different subcellular sites. Two constitutive double knockout mutants were generated (designated as dpe2-1 x phs1a and mex1 x phs1b) both lacking functional PHS1. They reveal that in normally grown plants, the plastidial phosphorylase isozyme participates in transitory starch degradation and that the central carbon metabolism is closely integrated into the entire cell biology. All plants were grown either under continuous illumination or in a light-dark regime. Both double mutants were compromised in growth and, compared with the single knockout plants, possess less average leaf starch when grown in a light-dark regime. Starch and chlorophyll contents decline with leaf age. As revealed by transmission electron microscopy, mesophyll cells degrade chloroplasts, but degradation is not observed in plants grown under continuous illumination. The two double mutants possess similar but not identical phenotypes. When grown in a light-dark regime, mesophyll chloroplasts of dpe2-1 x phs1a contain a single starch granule but under continuous illumination more granules per chloroplast are formed. The other double mutant synthesizes more granules under either growth condition. In continuous light, growth of both double mutants is similar to that of the parental single knockout lines. Metabolite profiles and oligoglucan patterns differ largely in the two double mutants.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.227843
SN  - 0032-0889
SN  - 1532-2548
VL  - 164
IS  - 2
SP  - 907
EP  - 921
PB  - American Society of Plant Physiologists
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xie, Zai-Lai
A1  - Huang, Xing
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
T1  - DyeIonogels: proton-responsive ionogels based on a dye-ionic liquid exhibiting reversible color change
JF  - Advanced functional materials
N2  - Transparent, ion-conducting, and flexible ionogels based on the room temperature ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl) imide [Bmim][N(Tf)(2)], the dye-IL (DIL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl orange [Bmim][MO], and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) are prepared. Upon IL incorporation the thermal stability of the PMMA matrix significantly increases from 220 to 280 degrees C. The ionogels have a relatively high ionic conductivity of 10(-4) S cm(-1) at 373 K. Most importantly, the ionogels exhibit a strong and reversible color change when exposed to aqueous or organic solutions containing protons or hydroxide ions. The resulting material is thus a prototype of soft multifunctional matter featuring ionic conductivity, easy processability, response to changes in the environment, and a strong readout signal, the color change, that could be used in optical data storage or environmental sensing.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201303016
SN  - 1616-301X
SN  - 1616-3028
VL  - 24
IS  - 19
SP  - 2837
EP  - 2843
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Arlt, Olga
A1  - Schwiebs, Anja
A1  - Pfarr, Kathrin
A1  - Ranglack, Annika
A1  - Bouzas, Ferreiros Nerea
A1  - Schreiber, Yannick
A1  - Neuber, Corinna
A1  - Kleuser, Burkhard
A1  - Pfeilschifter, Josef M.
A1  - Radeke, Heinfried H.
T1  - Dynamic interaction between sphingolipid enzymes, S1P and inflammatory cytokine regulation in dendritic cells
T2  - NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0028-1298
SN  - 1432-1912
VL  - 387
SP  - S91
EP  - S91
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haakh, Harald R.
A1  - Henkel, Carsten
A1  - Spagnolo, Salvatore
A1  - Rizzuto, Lucia
A1  - Passante, Roberto
T1  - Dynamical Casimir-Polder interaction between an atom and surface plasmons
JF  - Physical review : A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
N2  - We investigate the time-dependent Casimir-Polder potential of a polarizable two-level atom placed near a surface of arbitrary material, after a sudden change in the parameters of the system. Different initial conditions are taken into account. For an initially bare ground-state atom, the time-dependent Casimir-Polder energy reveals how the atom is "being dressed" by virtual, matter-assisted photons. We also study the transient behavior of the Casimir-Polder interaction between the atom and the surface starting from a partially dressed state, after an externally induced change in the atomic level structure or transition dipoles. The Heisenberg equations are solved through an iterative technique for both atomic and field operators in the medium-assisted electromagnetic field quantization scheme. We analyze, in particular, how the time evolution of the interaction energy depends on the optical properties of the surface, in particular on the dispersion relation of surface plasmon polaritons. The physical significance and the limits of validity of the obtained results are discussed in detail.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.89.022509
SN  - 1050-2947
SN  - 1094-1622
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Puppe, Daniel
A1  - Kaczorek, Danuta
A1  - Wanner, Manfred
A1  - Sommer, Michael
T1  - Dynamics and drivers of the protozoic Si pool along a 10-year chronosequence of initial ecosystem states
JF  - Ecological engineering : the journal of ecotechnology
N2  - The size and dynamics of biogenic silicon (BSi) pools influence silicon (Si) fluxes from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. The research focus up to now was on the role of plants in Si cycling. In recent studies on old forests annual biosilicification rates of idiosomic testate amoebae (i.e. TA producing self-secreted silica shells) were shown to be of the order of Si uptake by trees. However, no comparable data exist for initial ecosystems. We analyzed the protozoic BSi pool (idiosomic TA), corresponding annual biosilicification rates and readily available and amorphous Si fractions along a 10-year chronosequence in a post-mining landscape in Brandenburg, Germany.
 Idiosomic Si pools ranged from 3 to 680 g Si ha(-1) and were about 3-4 times higher at vegetated compared to uncovered spots. They increased significantly with age and were related to temporal development of soil chemical properties. The calculation of annual biosilicification resulted in maxima between 2 and 16 kg Si ha(-1) with rates always higher at vegetated spots. Our results showed that the BSi pool of idiosomic TA is built up rapidly during the initial phases of ecosystem development and is strongly linked to plant growth. Furthermore, our findings highlight the importance of TA for Si cycling in young artificial ecosystems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Idiosomic Si pool
KW  - Amorphous silica
KW  - Terrestrial ecosystem development
KW  - Artificial catchment
KW  - Si fractions
KW  - Biosilicification
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.06.011
SN  - 0925-8574
SN  - 1872-6992
VL  - 70
SP  - 477
EP  - 482
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pajoro, Alice
A1  - Madrigal, Pedro
A1  - Muino, Jose M.
A1  - Tomas Matus, Jose
A1  - Jin, Jian
A1  - Mecchia, Martin A.
A1  - Debernardi, Juan M.
A1  - Palatnik, Javier F.
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
A1  - Arif, Muhammad
A1  - Wellmer, Frank
A1  - Krajewski, Pawel
A1  - Riechmann, Jose-Luis
A1  - Angenent, Gerco C.
A1  - Kaufmann, Kerstin
T1  - Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene regulation by MADS-domain transcription factors in flower development
JF  - Genome biology : biology for the post-genomic era
N2  - Background: Development of eukaryotic organisms is controlled by transcription factors that trigger specific and global changes in gene expression programs. In plants, MADS-domain transcription factors act as master regulators of developmental switches and organ specification. However, the mechanisms by which these factors dynamically regulate the expression of their target genes at different developmental stages are still poorly understood.
 Results: We characterized the relationship of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and DNA binding of two MADS-domain proteins at different stages of Arabidopsis flower development. Dynamic changes in APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 DNA binding correlated with changes in gene expression, and many of the target genes could be associated with the developmental stage in which they are transcriptionally controlled. We also observe dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during flower development. Remarkably, DNA binding of APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 is largely independent of the accessibility status of their binding regions and it can precede increases in DNA accessibility. These results suggest that APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 may modulate chromatin accessibility, thereby facilitating access of other transcriptional regulators to their target genes.
 Conclusions: Our findings indicate that different homeotic factors regulate partly overlapping, yet also distinctive sets of target genes in a partly stage-specific fashion. By combining the information from DNA-binding and gene expression data, we are able to propose models of stage-specific regulatory interactions, thereby addressing dynamics of regulatory networks throughout flower development. Furthermore, MADS-domain TFs may regulate gene expression by alternative strategies, one of which is modulation of chromatin accessibility.
KW  - Flower Development
KW  - Floral Organ
KW  - Floral Meristem
KW  - Chromatin Accessibility
KW  - Growth Regulate Factor
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/gb-2014-15-3-r41
SN  - 1465-6906
SN  - 1474-760X
VL  - 15
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Pajoro, Alice
A1  - Madrigal, Pedro
A1  - Muiño, Jose M.
A1  - Matus, José Tomás
A1  - Jin, Jian
A1  - Mecchia, Martin A.
A1  - Debernardi, Juan M.
A1  - Palatnik, Javier F.
A1  - Balazadeh, Salma
A1  - Arif, Muhammad
A1  - Ó’Maoiléidigh, Diarmuid S.
A1  - Wellmer, Frank
A1  - Krajewski, Pawel
A1  - Riechmann, José-Luis
A1  - Angenent, Gerco C.
A1  - Kaufmann, Kerstin
T1  - Dynamics of chromatin accessibility and gene regulation by MADS-domain transcription factors in flower development
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background: Development of eukaryotic organisms is controlled by transcription factors that trigger specific and global changes in gene expression programs. In plants, MADS-domain transcription factors act as master regulators of developmental switches and organ specification. However, the mechanisms by which these factors dynamically regulate the expression of their target genes at different developmental stages are still poorly understood.

Results: We characterized the relationship of chromatin accessibility, gene expression, and DNA binding of two MADS-domain proteins at different stages of Arabidopsis flower development. Dynamic changes in APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 DNA binding correlated with changes in gene expression, and many of the target genes could be associated with the developmental stage in which they are transcriptionally controlled. We also observe dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during flower development. Remarkably, DNA binding of APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 is largely independent of the accessibility status of their binding regions and it can precede increases in DNA accessibility. These results suggest that APETALA1 and SEPALLATA3 may modulate chromatin accessibility, thereby facilitating access of other transcriptional regulators to their target genes.

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that different homeotic factors regulate partly overlapping, yet also distinctive sets of target genes in a partly stage-specific fashion. By combining the information from DNA-binding and gene expression data, we are able to propose models of stage-specific regulatory interactions, thereby addressing dynamics of regulatory networks throughout flower development. Furthermore, MADS-domain TFs may regulate gene expression by alternative strategies, one of which is modulation of chromatin accessibility.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1327 
KW  - flower development
KW  - floral organ
KW  - floral meristem
KW  - chromatin accessibility
KW  - growth regulate factor
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-431139
SN  - 1866-8372
VL  - 15
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schreck, Simon
A1  - Pietzsch, Annette
A1  - Kunnus, Kristjan
A1  - Kennedy, Brian
A1  - Quevedo, Wilson
A1  - Miedema, Piter S.
A1  - Wernet, Philippe
A1  - Föhlisch, Alexander
T1  - Dynamics of the OH group and the electronic structure of liquid alcohols
JF  - Structural dynamics
N2  - In resonant inelastic soft x-ray scattering (RIXS) from molecular and liquid systems, the interplay of ground state structural and core-excited state dynamical contributions leads to complex spectral shapes that partially allow for ambiguous interpretations. In this work, we dissect these contributions in oxygen K-edge RIXS from liquid alcohols. We use the scattering into the electronic ground state as an accurate measure of nuclear dynamics in the intermediate core-excited state of the RIXS process. We determine the characteristic time in the core-excited state until nuclear dynamics give a measurable contribution to the RIXS spectral profiles to tau(dyn) = 1.2 +/- 0.8 fs. By detuning the excitation energy below the absorption resonance we reduce the effective scattering time below sdyn, and hence suppress these dynamical contributions to a minimum. From the corresponding RIXS spectra of liquid methanol, we retrieve the "dynamic-free" density of states and find that it is described solely by the electronic states of the free methanol molecule. From this and from the comparison of normal and deuterated methanol, we conclude that the split peak structure found in the lone-pair emission region at non-resonant excitation originates from dynamics in the O-H bond in the core-excited state. We find no evidence that this split peak feature is a signature of distinct ground state structural complexes in liquid methanol. However, we demonstrate how changes in the hydrogen bond coordination within the series of linear alcohols from methanol to hexanol affect the split peak structure in the liquid alcohols. (C) 2014 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4897981
SN  - 2329-7778
VL  - 1
IS  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wattendorf, Elise
A1  - Festman, Julia
A1  - Westermann, Birgit
A1  - Keil, Ursula
A1  - Zappatore, Daniela
A1  - Franceschini, Rita
A1  - Luedi, Georges
A1  - Radue, Ernst-Wilhelm
A1  - Muente, Thomas F.
A1  - Rager, Guenter
A1  - Nitsch, Cordula
T1  - Early bilingualism influences early and subsequently later acquired languages in cortical regions representing control functions
JF  - International journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior
N2  - Early acquisition of a second language influences the development of language abilities and cognitive functions. In the present study, we used functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to investigate the impact of early bilingualism on the organization of the cortical language network during sentence production. Two groups of adult multilinguals, proficient in three languages, were tested on a narrative task; early multilinguals acquired the second language before the age of three years, late multilinguals after the age of nine. All participants learned a third language after nine years of age. Comparison of the two groups revealed substantial differences in language-related brain activity for early as well as late acquired languages. Most importantly, early multilinguals preferentially activated a fronto-striatal network in the left hemisphere, whereas the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTG) was activated to a lesser degree than in late multilinguals. The same brain regions were highlighted in previous studies when a non-target language had to be controlled. Hence the engagement of language control in adult early multilinguals appears to be influenced by the specific learning and acquisition conditions during early childhood. Remarkably, our results reveal that the functional control of early and subsequently later acquired languages is similarly affected, suggesting that language experience has a pervasive influence into adulthood. As such, our findings extend the current understanding of control functions in multilinguals.
KW  - Multilingual
KW  - language acquisition
KW  - narration
KW  - age of acquisition
KW  - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - emergentist framework
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1367006912456590
SN  - 1367-0069
SN  - 1756-6878
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 66
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Xiang, Hai
A1  - Gao, Jianqiang
A1  - Yu, Baoquan
A1  - Zhou, Hui
A1  - Cai, Dawei
A1  - Zhang, Youwen
A1  - Chen, Xiaoyong
A1  - Wang, Xi
A1  - Hofreiter, Michael
A1  - Zhao, Xingbo
T1  - Early Holocene chicken domestication in northern China
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
N2  - Chickens represent by far the most important poultry species, yet the number, locations, and timings of their domestication have remained controversial for more than a century. Here we report ancient mitochondrial DNA sequences from the earliest archaeological chicken bones from China, dating back to similar to 10,000 B.P. The results clearly show that all investigated bones, including the oldest from the Nanzhuangtou site, are derived from the genus Gallus, rather than any other related genus, such as Phasianus. Our analyses also suggest that northern China represents one region of the earliest chicken domestication, possibly dating as early as 10,000 y B.P. Similar to the evidence from pig domestication, our results suggest that these early domesticated chickens contributed to the gene pool of modern chicken populations. Moreover, our results support the idea that multiple members of the genus Gallus, specifically Gallus gallus and Gallus sonneratii contributed to the gene pool of the modern domestic chicken. Our results provide further support for the growing evidence of an early mixed agricultural complex in northern China.
KW  - ancient DNA
KW  - chicken
KW  - domestication
KW  - species origin
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1411882111
SN  - 0027-8424
VL  - 111
IS  - 49
SP  - 17564
EP  - 17569
PB  - National Acad. of Sciences
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Maslin, Mark A.
A1  - Brierley, Chris M.
A1  - Milner, Alice M.
A1  - Shultz, Susanne
A1  - Trauth, Martin H.
A1  - Wilson, Katy E.
T1  - East African climate pulses and early human evolution
JF  - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal
N2  - Current evidence suggests that all of the major events in hominin evolution have occurred in East Africa. Over the last two decades, there has been intensive work undertaken to understand African palaeoclimate and tectonics in order to put together a coherent picture of how the environment of East Africa has varied in the past. The landscape of East Africa has altered dramatically over the last 10 million years. It has changed from a relatively flat, homogenous region covered with mixed tropical forest, to a varied and heterogeneous environment, with mountains over 4 km high and vegetation ranging from desert to cloud forest. The progressive rifting of East Africa has also generated numerous lake basins, which are highly sensitive to changes in the local precipitation-evaporation regime. There is now evidence that the presence of precession-driven, ephemeral deep-water lakes in East Africa were concurrent with major events in hominin evolution. It seems the unusual geology and climate of East Africa created periods of highly variable local climate, which, it has been suggested could have driven hominin speciation, encephalisation and dispersal out of Africa. One example is the significant hominin speciation and brain expansion event at -1.8 Ma that seems to have been coeval with the occurrence of highly variable, extensive, deep-water lakes. This complex, climatically very variable setting inspired first the variability selection hypothesis, which was then the basis for the pulsed climate variability hypothesis. The newer of the two suggests that the long-term drying trend in East Africa was punctuated by episodes of short, alternating periods of extreme humidity and aridity. Both hypotheses, together with other key theories of climate-evolution linkages, are discussed in this paper. Though useful the actual evolution mechanisms, which led to early hominins are still unclear and continue to be debated. However, it is clear that an understanding of East African lakes and their palaeoclimate history is required to understand the context within which humans evolved and eventually left East Africa. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
KW  - Human evolution
KW  - East Africa
KW  - Palaeoclimatology
KW  - Palaeoliminology
KW  - Tectonics
KW  - Hominin
KW  - Orbital forcing
KW  - Cenozoic climate transitions
KW  - Pulsed climate variability hypothesis
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.06.012
SN  - 0277-3791
VL  - 101
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Koch, Sarah
A1  - Cassel, Michael
A1  - Linne, Karsten
A1  - Mayer, Frank
A1  - Scharhag, Jürgen
T1  - ECG and echocardiographic findings in 10-15-year-old elite athletes
JF  - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology
N2  - Background: Data on electrocardiographic and echocardiographic pre-participation screening findings in paediatric athletes are limited.
KW  - ECG
KW  - echocardiography
KW  - paediatric athlete
KW  - pre-participation screening
KW  - sudden cardiac death
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487312462147
SN  - 2047-4873
SN  - 2047-4881
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
SP  - 774
EP  - 781
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Scheller, Henrik
T1  - Ed Turner, political parties and public policy in the German Länder
BT  - when parties matter
T2  - Party politics
N2  - kein abstract vorhanden
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 89 
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404163
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Guzman-Perez, Valentina
T1  - Effect of benzylglucosinolate on signaling pathways associated with type 2 diabetes prevention
T1  - Wirkung von benzylglucosinolate auf Signalwege mit Type 2 diabetes Prävention zugeordnet
N2  - Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a health problem throughout the world. In 2010, there were nearly 230 million individuals with diabetes worldwide and it is estimated that in the economically advanced countries the cases will increase about 50% in the next twenty years. Insulin resistance is one of major features in T2D, which is also a risk factor for metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Epidemiological and animal studies have shown that the consumption of vegetables and fruits can delay or prevent the development of the disease, although the underlying mechanisms of these effects are still unclear. Brassica species such as broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) possess high content of bioactive phytochemicals, e.g. nitrogen sulfur compounds (glucosinolates and isothiocyanates) and polyphenols largely associated with the prevention of cancer. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) display their anti-carcinogenic potential by inducing detoxicating phase II enzymes and increasing glutathione (GSH) levels in tissues. In T2D diabetes an increase in gluconeogenesis and triglyceride synthesis, and a reduction in fatty acid oxidation accompanied by the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are observed; altogether is the result of an inappropriate response to insulin. Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors play a crucial role in the regulation of insulin effects on gene expression and metabolism, and alterations in FOXO function could contribute to metabolic disorders in diabetes. In this study using stably transfected human osteosarcoma cells (U-2 OS) with constitutive expression of FOXO1 protein labeled with GFP (green fluorescent protein) and human hepatoma cells HepG2 cell cultures, the ability of benzylisothiocyanate (BITC) deriving from benzylglucosinolate, extracted from nasturtium to modulate, i) the insulin-signaling pathway, ii) the intracellular localization of FOXO1 and iii) the expression of proteins involved in glucose metabolism, ROS detoxification, cell cycle arrest and DNA repair was evaluated. BITC promoted oxidative stress and in response to that induced FOXO1 translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus antagonizing the insulin effect. BITC stimulus was able to down-regulate gluconeogenic enzymes, which can be considered as an anti-diabetic effect; to promote antioxidant resistance expressed by the up-regulation in manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and detoxification enzymes; to modulate autophagy by induction of BECLIN1 and down-regulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway; and to promote cell cycle arrest and DNA damage repair by up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p21CIP) and Growth Arrest / DNA Damage Repair (GADD45). Except for the nuclear factor (erythroid derived)-like2 (NRF2) and its influence in the detoxification enzymes gene expression, all the observed effects were independent from FOXO1, protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) and NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). The current study provides evidence that besides of the anticarcinogenic potential, isothiocyanates might have a role in T2D prevention. BITC stimulus mimics the fasting state, in which insulin signaling is not triggered and FOXO proteins remain in the nucleus modulating gene expression of their target genes, with the advantage of a down-regulation of gluconeogenesis instead of its increase. These effects suggest that BITC might be considered as a promising substance in the prevention or treatment of T2D, therefore the factors behind of its modulatory effects need further investigation.
N2  - Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 stellt auf der ganzen Welt ein Gesundheitsproblem dar. Im Jahr 2010 waren annähernd 230 Millionen Personen weltweit an Diabetes erkrankt und innerhalb der nächsten 20 Jahre wird in industrialisierten Ländern eine Steigerung der Fälle um 50% erwartet. Eines der Hauptmerkmale des Typ 2 Diabetes ist die Insulinresistenz, die auch als Risikofaktor für metabolische und kardio-vaskuläre Komplikationen gilt. Epidemiologische Studien und Tierversuche haben ergeben, dass durch Verzehr von Gemüse und Obst eine Prävention oder Verzögerung der Entwicklung dieser Krankheit erreicht werden kann, jedoch sind die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen dieser Effekte noch nicht aufgeklärt. Brassica Spezies wie Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) und Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) enthalten einen hohen Anteil an bioaktiven Pflanzen-inhaltsstoffen, wie z. B. stickstoff- und schwefelhaltige Verbindungen (Glukosinolate und Isothiocyanate) und Polyphenole, die bisher hauptsächlich mit der Prävention von Krebs assoziiert wurden. Isothiocyanate (ITCs) erreichen ihr antikanzerogenes Potential durch die Induktion von entgiftenden Phase II Enzymen und eine Anhebung der Glutathion (GSH)-Spiegel im Gewebe. Diabetes Typ2 geht einher mit einem Anstieg der Glukoneogenese und Triglycerid-Synthese, sowie einer Reduktion der Fettsäure-Oxidation in Verbindung mit erhöhten Spiegeln an reaktiven Sauerstoffspezies (ROS) insgesamt als Resultat einer unangemessenen Insulinantwort. Forkhead box O (FOXO) Transkriptionsfaktoren spielen eine wesentliche Rolle in der Regulation der Insulineffekte in Bezug auf die vermittelte Genexpression und den Metabolismus, wobei Veränderungen in der Funktion von FOXO zu metabolischen Entgleisungen im Diabetes beitragen können. In dieser Studie wurde unter Verwendung von stabil transfizierten humanen Osteosarkoma-Zellen (U-2 OS) mit konstitutiver Expression von GFP (grün fluoreszierendes Protein)-markiertem FOXO1 und humanen Hepatoma-Zellen (HepG2) die Wirkung von Benzylisothiocyanat (BITC), dessen Vorstufe Benzylglukosinolat aus Nasturtium isoliert wurde, in Zellkulturen evaluiert wie Modulationen der i) Insulin-Signal-Kaskade, ii) intrazellulären Lokalisation von FOXO1 und iii) Expression beteiligter Proteine am Glucose Metabolismus, der ROS Detoxifikation, Zellzyklus-Fixierung und DNA-Reparatur. BITC erzeugte oxidativen Stress und induzierte als Antwort darauf eine Translokation von FOXO1 aus dem Zytoplasma in den Zellkern antagonisierend zum Insulin-Effekt. Eine Stimultion mit BITC war in der Lage, die Expression von Enzymen der Gluconeogenese herunter zu regulieren, was als antidiabetogener Effekt betrachtet werden kann, eine antioxidative Resistenz durch Induktion der Mangan-Superoxid-Dismutase (MnSOD) und entgiftender Enzyme zu erzeugen, Autophagie zu modulieren durch Induktion von BECLIN1 und Herunterregulation des „mammalian target of rapamycin complex1 (mTORC1)-Stoffwechselwegs, den Zellzyklus zu fixieren und DNA-Reparatur zu induzieren durch Hochregulation des Cyclin- abhängigen Kinase- Inhibitors p21CIP und GADD45 (growth arrest and DNA damage repair). Mit Ausnahme des nuklearen Faktors (erythroid derived)-like2 (NRF2) und dessen Einfluss auf die Genexpression von Entgiftungsenzymen waren alle beobachteten Effekte unabhängig von FOXO1, Proteinkinase B (PKB/AKT) und der NAD-abhängigen Deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1). Die gegenwärtige Studie liefert Anhaltspunkte dafür, dass Isothiocayanate neben dem antikanzerogenen Potential eine Rolle bei der Prävention von Typ 2 Diabetes spielen könnten. BITC-Stimulationen ahmen einen Fastenzustand nach, in dem kein Insulin-Signal ausgelöst wird, FOXO Proteine im Zellkern verbleiben und die Expression von Target-Genen modulieren, mit dem Vorteil einer Herunterregulation der Glukoneogenese anstelle seiner Zunahme. Diese Effekte legen nahe, dass BITC als vielversprechende Substanz zur Prävention und Behandlung von Typ 2 Diabetes angesehen werden könnte. Deshalb benötigen die Faktoren, die dessen modulatorische Effekte hervorrufen, weitere Untersuchungen.
KW  - FOXO1
KW  - Benzylisothiocyanat
KW  - Glukosinolaten
KW  - type 2 diabetes
KW  - Zellkulturen
KW  - FOXO1
KW  - benzylisothiocyanate
KW  - glucosinolates
KW  - type 2 diabetes
KW  - cell cuture
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72351
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Völler, Heinz
A1  - Salzwedel, Annett
A1  - Nitardy, Aischa
A1  - Buhlert, Hermann
A1  - Treszl, Andra ́s
A1  - Wegscheider, Karl
T1  - Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional and emotional status in patients after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Background Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis and a high surgical risk. Despite a rapid growth in its use, very few data exist about the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in these patients. We assessed the hypothesis that patients after TAVI benefit from CR, compared to patients after surgical aortic-valve replacement (sAVR).

Methods From September 2009 to August 2011, 442 consecutive patients after TAVI (n=76) or sAVR (n=366) were referred to a 3-week CR. Data regarding patient characteristics as well as changes of functional (6-min walk test. 6-MWT), bicycle exercise test), and emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were retrospectively evaluated and compared between groups after propensity score adjustment.

Results Patients after TAVI were significantly older (p<0.001), more female (p<0.001), and had more often coronary artery disease (p=0.027), renal failure (p=0.012) and a pacemaker (p=0.032). During CR, distance in 6-MWT (both groups p0.001) and exercise capacity (sAVR p0.001, TAVI p0.05) significantly increased in both groups. Only patients after sAVR demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety and depression (p0.001). After propensity scores adjustment, changes were not significantly different between sAVR and TAVI, with the exception of 6-MWT (p=0.004).

Conclusions Patients after TAVI benefit from cardiac rehabilitation despite their older age and comorbidities. CR is a helpful tool to maintain independency for daily life activities and participation in socio-cultural life.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 385 
KW  - Cardiac rehabilitation
KW  - emotional status
KW  - functional capacity
KW  - surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR)
KW  - transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404100
IS  - 385
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Hoffmann, Martin
A1  - Wick, Ditmar
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
T1  - Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children
BT  - a 4 year longitudinal study
N2  - Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6.

Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire.

Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 360 
KW  - motor performance
KW  - youth
KW  - primary school
KW  - maturation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401418
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Golle, Kathleen
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Hoffmann, Martin
A1  - Wick, Ditmar
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
T1  - Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children: a 4 year longitudinal study
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6.
 Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire.
 Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers.
 Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas.
KW  - Motor performance
KW  - Youth
KW  - Primary school
KW  - Maturation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-499
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 14
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Richter, Marcel
A1  - Zakrevskyy, Yuriy
A1  - Eisele, Michael
A1  - Lomadze, Nino
A1  - Santer, Svetlana
A1  - von Klitzing, Regine
T1  - Effect of pH, co-monomer content, and surfactant structure on the swelling behavior of microgel-azobenzene-containing surfactant complex
JF  - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers
N2  - The contraction/swelling transition of anionic PNIPAM-co-AAA particles can be manipulated by light using interactions with cationic azobenzene-containing surfactant. In this study the influence of pH-buffers and their concentrations, the charge density (AAA content) in microgel particles as well as the spacer length of the surfactant on the complex formation between the microgel and surfactant is investigated. It is shown that the presence of pH buffer can lead to complete blocking of the interactions in such complexes and the resulting microgel contraction/swelling response. There is a clear competition between the buffer ions and the surfactant molecules interacting with microgel particles. When working in pure water solutions with fixed concentration (charge density) of microgel, the contraction/swelling of the particles is controlled only by relative concentration (charge ratio) of the surfactant and AAA groups of the microgel. Furthermore, the particle contraction is more efficient for shorter spacer length of the surfactant. The onset point of the contraction process is not affected by the surfactant hydrophobicity. This work provides new insight into the interaction between microgel particles and photo-sensitive surfactants, which offers high potential in new sensor systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Hydrogel
KW  - Photosensitive surfactant
KW  - PNIPAM
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.027
SN  - 0032-3861
SN  - 1873-2291
VL  - 55
IS  - 25
SP  - 6513
EP  - 6518
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Effect of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke on inhibitory control neuroimaging results from a 25-Year prospective study
JF  - JAMA psychiatry
N2  - IMPORTANCE: There is accumulating evidence relating maternal smoking during pregnancy to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) without elucidating specific mechanisms. Research investigating the neurobiological underpinnings of this disorder has implicated deficits during response inhibition. Attempts to uncover the effect of prenatal exposure to nicotine on inhibitory control may thus be of high clinical importance.
 MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Functional magnetic resonance imaging response, morphometric data, lifetime ADHD symptoms, and novelty seeking.
 RESULTS: Participants prenatally exposed to nicotine exhibited a weaker response in the anterior cingulate cortex (t(168) = 4.46; peak Montreal Neurological Institute [MNI] coordinates x = -2, y = 20, z = 30; familywise error [FWE]-corrected P = .003), the right inferior frontal gyrus (t(168) = 3.65; peak MNI coordinates x = 44, y = 38, z = 12; FWE-corrected P = .04), the left inferior frontal gyrus (t(168) = 4.09; peak MNI coordinates x = -38, y = 36, z = 8; FWE-corrected P = .009), and the supramarginal gyrus (t(168) = 5.03; peak MNI coordinates x = 64, y = -28, z = 22; FWE-corrected P = .02) during the processing of the NoGo compared to neutral stimuli, while presenting a decreased volume in the right inferior frontal gyrus. These findings were obtained irrespective of the adjustment of confounders, ADHD symptoms, and novelty seeking. There was an inverse relationship between inferior frontal gyrus activity and ADHD symptoms and between anterior cingulate cortex activity and novelty seeking.
 CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: These findings point to a functional involvement of prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke in neural alterations similar to ADHD, which underlines the importance of smoking prevention treatments.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.786
SN  - 2168-622X
SN  - 2168-6238
VL  - 71
IS  - 7
SP  - 786
EP  - 796
PB  - American Veterinary Medical Association
CY  - Chicago
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Granacher, Urs
A1  - Schellbach, Jörg
A1  - Klein, Katja
A1  - Prieske, Olaf
A1  - Baeyens, Jean-Pierre
A1  - Mühlbauer, Thomas
T1  - Effects of core strength training using stable versus unstable surfaces on physical fitness in adolescents
BT  - a randomized controlled trial
JF  - BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation
N2  - Background
It has been demonstrated that core strength training is an effective means to enhance trunk muscle strength (TMS) and proxies of physical fitness in youth. Of note, cross-sectional studies revealed that the inclusion of unstable elements in core strengthening exercises produced increases in trunk muscle activity and thus provide potential extra training stimuli for performance enhancement. Thus, utilizing unstable surfaces during core strength training may even produce larger performance gains. However, the effects of core strength training using unstable surfaces are unresolved in youth. This randomized controlled study specifically investigated the effects of core strength training performed on stable surfaces (CSTS) compared to unstable surfaces (CSTU) on physical fitness in school-aged children.

Methods
Twenty-seven (14 girls, 13 boys) healthy subjects (mean age: 14 ± 1 years, age range: 13–15 years) were randomly assigned to a CSTS (n = 13) or a CSTU (n = 14) group. Both training programs lasted 6 weeks (2 sessions/week) and included frontal, dorsal, and lateral core exercises. During CSTU, these exercises were conducted on unstable surfaces (e.g., TOGU© DYNAIR CUSSIONS, THERA-BAND© STABILITY TRAINER).

Results
Significant main effects of Time (pre vs. post) were observed for the TMS tests (8-22%, f = 0.47-0.76), the jumping sideways test (4-5%, f = 1.07), and the Y balance test (2-3%, f = 0.46-0.49). Trends towards significance were found for the standing long jump test (1-3%, f = 0.39) and the stand-and-reach test (0-2%, f = 0.39). We could not detect any significant main effects of Group. Significant Time x Group interactions were detected for the stand-and-reach test in favour of the CSTU group (2%, f = 0.54).

Conclusions
Core strength training resulted in significant increases in proxies of physical fitness in adolescents. However, CSTU as compared to CSTS had only limited additional effects (i.e., stand-and-reach test). Consequently, if the goal of training is to enhance physical fitness, then CSTU has limited advantages over CSTS.
KW  - Resistance training
KW  - Trunk muscle strength
KW  - Physical fitness
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/2052-1847-6-40
SN  - 2052-1847
VL  - 6
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Langer, Henning
A1  - Carlsohn, Anja
T1  - Effects of different dietary proteins and amino acids on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in young adults after resistance exercise: A systematic review
JF  - Strength and conditioning journal
N2  - THIS ARTICLE REVIEWS THE AVAILABLE LITERATURE ON WHICH PROTEINS, AMINO ACIDS, OR COMBINATION OF BOTH SEEM TO BE OPTIMAL TO ENHANCE HYPERTROPHY AFTER RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN YOUNG ADULTS. DEPENDING ON THE CONTENT OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS AND PARTICULARLY LEUCINE, EITHER AN IMMEDIATE INGESTION OF similar to 20 G MILK PROTEIN FOLLOWED BY A SIMILAR AMOUNT similar to 1 HOUR LATER, OR A SINGLE BOLUS OF similar to 40 G SEEMS TO BE SUITABLE. GREATER AMOUNTS MIGHT BE NECESSARY IF A PROTEIN OF LOWER QUALITY IS CHOSEN ( I. E., PLANT-BASED PROTEINS) TO MATCH THE REQUIRED AMINO ACID QUANTITIES AND FACILITATE MUSCLE GROWTH.
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 1524-1602
SN  - 1533-4295
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
SP  - 33
EP  - 42
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
CY  - Philadelphia
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Halama, Ralf
A1  - Konrad-Schmolke, Matthias
A1  - Sudo, Masafumi
A1  - Marschall, Horst R.
A1  - Wiedenbeck, Michael
T1  - Effects of fluid-rock interaction on Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology in high-pressure rocks (Sesia-Lanzo Zone, Western Alps)
JF  - Geochimica et cosmochimica acta : journal of the Geochemical Society and the Meteoritical Society
N2  - In situ UV laser spot Ar-40/Ar-39 analyses of distinct phengite types in eclogite-facies rocks from the Sesia-Lanzo Zone (Western Alps, Italy) were combined with SIMS boron isotope analyses as well as boron (B) and lithium (Li) concentration data to link geochronological information with constraints on fluid-rock interaction. In weakly deformed samples, apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of phengite cores span a range of similar to 20 Ma, but inverse isochrons define two distinct main high-pressure (HP) phengite core crystallization periods of 88-82 and 77-74 Ma, respectively. The younger cores have on average lower B contents (similar to 36 mu g/g) than the older ones (similar to 43-48 mu g/g), suggesting that loss of B and resetting of the Ar isotopic system were related. Phengite cores have variable delta B-11 values (-18 parts per thousand to -10 parts per thousand), indicating the lack of km scale B homogenization during HP crystallization.
 Overprinted phengite rims in the weakly deformed samples generally yield younger apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages than the respective cores. They also show variable effects of heterogeneous excess 40 Ar incorporation and Ar loss. One acceptable inverse isochron age of 77.1 +/- 1.1 Ma for rims surrounding older cores (82.6 +/- 0.6 Ma) overlaps with the second period of core crystallization. Compared to the phengite cores, all rims have lower B and Li abundances but similar delta B-11 values (-15 parts per thousand to -9 parts per thousand), reflecting internal redistribution of B and Li and internal fluid buffering of the B isotopic composition during rim growth. The combined observation of younger Ar-40/Ar-39 ages and boron loss, yielding comparable values of both parameters only in cores and rims of different samples, is best explained by a selective metasomatic overprint. In low permeability samples, this overprint caused recrystallization of phengite rims, whereas higher permeability in other samples led to complete recrystallization of phengite grains.
 Strongly deformed samples from a several km long, blueschist-facies shear zone contain mylonitic phengite that forms a tightly clustered group of relatively young apparent Ar-40/Ar-39 ages (64.7-68.8 Ma), yielding an inverse isochron age of 65.0 +/- 3.0 Ma. Almost complete B and Li removal in mylonitic phengite is due to leaching into a fluid. The B isotopic composition is significantly heavier than in phengites from the weakly deformed samples, indicating an external control by a high-delta B-11 fluid (delta B-11 = + 7 +/- 4 parts per thousand). We interpret this result as reflecting phengite recrystallization related to deformation and associated fluid flow in the shear zone. This event also caused partial resetting of the Ar isotope system and further B loss in more permeable rocks of the adjacent unit. We conclude that geochemical evidence for pervasive or limited fluid flow is crucial for the interpretation of Ar-40/Ar-39 data in partially metasomatized rocks.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2013.10.023
SN  - 0016-7037
SN  - 1872-9533
VL  - 126
SP  - 475
EP  - 494
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Hörnig, Robin
A1  - Weskott, Thomas
A1  - Knauf, Selene
A1  - Krüger, Agnes
T1  - Effects of focus and definiteness on children's word order
BT  - evidence from German five-year-olds' reproductions of double object constructions
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4; 5 to 5; 6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreased as markedness of inputs increased; unmarked structures were reproduced most faithfully and unfaithful outputs had most often an unmarked form. Consistent with the OT proposal, children were more tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for focus; in conflict with the proposal, children were less tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for definiteness. Our results suggest that the linearization of objects in German double object constructions is affected by focus and definiteness, but that prosodic principles may have an impact on the position of a focused constituent.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 511 
KW  - indefinite articles
KW  - preschool-children
KW  - information
KW  - animacy
KW  - acquisition
KW  - constraints
KW  - sentences
KW  - language
KW  - grammar
KW  - stress
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415695
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 511
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Höhle, Barbara
A1  - Hoernig, Robin
A1  - Weskott, Thomas
A1  - Knauf, Selene
A1  - Krueger, Agnes
T1  - Effects of focus and definiteness on children's word order: evidence from German five-year-olds' reproductions of double object constructions
JF  - Journal of child language
N2  - Two experiments tested how faithfully German children aged 4; 5 to 5; 6 reproduce ditransitive sentences that are unmarked or marked with respect to word order and focus (Exp1) or definiteness (Exp2). Adopting an optimality theory (OT) approach, it is assumed that in the German adult grammar word order is ranked lower than focus and definiteness. Faithfulness of children's reproductions decreased as markedness of inputs increased; unmarked structures were reproduced most faithfully and unfaithful outputs had most often an unmarked form. Consistent with the OT proposal, children were more tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for focus; in conflict with the proposal, children were less tolerant against inputs marked for word order than for definiteness. Our results suggest that the linearization of objects in German double object constructions is affected by focus and definiteness, but that prosodic principles may have an impact on the position of a focused constituent.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305000913000196
SN  - 0305-0009
SN  - 1469-7602
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
SP  - 780
EP  - 810
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lange, Markus
A1  - Türke, Manfred
A1  - Pasalic, Esther
A1  - Boch, Steffen
A1  - Hessenmöller, Dominik
A1  - Müller, Jörg
A1  - Prati, Daniel
A1  - Socher, Stephanie A.
A1  - Fischer, Markus
A1  - Weisser, Wolfgang W.
A1  - Gossner, Martin M.
T1  - Effects of forest management on ground-dwelling beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae, Staphylinidae) in Central Europe are mainly mediated by changes in forest structure
JF  - Forest ecology and management
N2  - Forest management is known to influence species diversity of various taxa but inconsistent or even contrasting effects are reported for arthropods. Regional differences in management as well as differences in regional species pools might be responsible for these inconsistencies, but, inter-regional replicated studies that account for regional variability are rare. We investigated the effect of forest type on the abundance, diversity, community structure and composition of two important ground-dwelling beetle families, Carabidae and Staphylinidae, in 149 forest stands distributed over three regions in Germany. In particular we focused on recent forestry history, stand age and dominant tree species, in addition to a number of environmental descriptors. Overall management effects on beetle communities were small and mainly mediated by structural habitat parameters such as the cover of forest canopy or the plant diversity on forest stands. The general response of both beetle taxa to forest management was similar in all regions: abundance and species richness of beetles was higher in older than in younger stands and species richness was lower in unmanaged than in managed stands. The abundance ratio of forest species-to-open habitat species differed between regions, but generally increased from young to old stands, from coniferous to deciduous stands and from managed to unmanaged stands. The response of both beetle families to dominant tree species was variable among regions and staphylinid richness varied in the response to recent forestry history. Our results suggest that current forest management practices change the composition of ground-dwelling beetle communities mainly by favoring generalists and open habitat species. To protect important forest beetle communities and thus the ecosystem functions and services provided by them, we suggest to shelter remaining ancient forests and to develop near-to-nature management strategies by prolonging rotation periods and increasing structural diversity of managed forests. Possible geographic variations in the response of beetle communities need to be considered in conservation-orientated forest management strategies. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Beech forest
KW  - Biodiversity Exploratories
KW  - Conifer plantations
KW  - Habitat preferences
KW  - Insects
KW  - Land use
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.06.012
SN  - 0378-1127
SN  - 1872-7042
VL  - 329
SP  - 166
EP  - 176
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Chen, Yao
A1  - Wang, Guang
A1  - Wang, Xiao-yu
A1  - Ma, Zheng-lai
A1  - Chen, You-peng
A1  - Chuai, Manli
A1  - von Websky, Karoline
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Yang, Xuesong
T1  - Effects of high salt-exposure on the development of retina and lens in 5.5-Day Chick Embryo
JF  - Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology
N2  - Background/Aims: Excess maternal salt intake during pregnancy may alter fetal development. However; our knowledge on how an increased salt intake during pregnancy influences fetal eye development is limited. In this study, we investigated the effects of high salt treatment on the developing eyes in chick embryos, especially focusing on the development of the retina and the lens. Methods: 5.5 day chick embryos were exposed to 280mosm/l (n=17), or 300mosm/l (n=16) NaCl. The treated embryos were then incubated for 96 hours before they were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for H&E staining, whole mount embryo immunostaining and TUNEL staining. BrdU and PH3 incorporation experiments were performed on the chick embryos after high salt treatment. RT-PCR analyses were conducted from chick retina tissues. Results: We demonstrated that high-salt treatment altered the size of eyes in chick embryos, induced malformation of the eyes and impaired the development of the lens and the retina. We found an impaired expression of Paired box 6 (PAX6) and neuronal cells in the developing retina as revealed by neurofilament immunofluorescent staining. There was a reduction in the number of BrdU-positive cells and PH3-positive cells in the retina, indicating an impaired cell proliferation with high salt treatment. High salt treatment also resulted in an increased number of TUNEL-positive cells in the retina, indicating a higher amount of cell death. RT-PCR data displayed that the expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule nerve growth factor (NGF) in chick retina was increased and CyclinD1 was reduced with high-salt treatment. The size of the lens was reduced and Pax6 expression in the lens was significantly inhibited. High salt treatment was detrimental to the migration of neural crest cells. Conclusion: Taken together; our study demonstrated that high salt exposure of 5.5 day chick embryos led to an impairment of retina and lens development, possibly through interfering with Pax6 expression.
KW  - Chick embryos
KW  - High osmolarity
KW  - Retina
KW  - Lens
KW  - Pax6
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1159/000363044
SN  - 1015-8987
SN  - 1421-9778
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
SP  - 804
EP  - 817
PB  - Karger
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Nowozin, Claudia
T1  - Effects of the use of artificial light on ciradian rhythm and emotion
Y1  - 2014
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
T1  - Effects of visual span on reading speed and parafoveal processing in eye movements during sentence reading
JF  - Journal of vision
KW  - eyetracking
KW  - reading
KW  - visual span profiles
KW  - crowding
KW  - reading speed
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - parafoveal vision
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1167/14.8.11
SN  - 1534-7362
VL  - 14
IS  - 8
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Opthalmology
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gehrig, Dominik W.
A1  - Roland, Steffen
A1  - Howard, Ian A.
A1  - Kamm, Valentin
A1  - Mangold, Hannah
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Laquai, Frederic
T1  - Efficiency-limiting processes in low-bandgap polymer:Perylene diimide photovoltaic blends
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : C, Nanomaterials and interfaces
N2  - The charge generation and recombination processes following photo-excitation of a low-bandgap polymer:perylene diimide photovoltaic blend are investigated by transient absorption pump-probe spectroscopy covering a dynamic range from femto-to microseconds to get insight into the efficiency-limiting photophysical processes. The several tens of picoseconds, and its efficiency is only half of that in a polymer:fullerene photoinduced electron transfer from the polymer to the perylene acceptor takes up to blend. This reduces the short-circuit current. Time-delayed collection field experiments reveal that the subsequent charge separation is strongly field-dependent, limiting the fill factor and lowering the short-circuit current in polymer:PDI devices. Upon excitation of the acceptor in the low-bandgap polymer blend, the PDI exciton undergoes charge transfer on a time scale of several tens of picoseconds. However, a significant fraction of the charges generated at the interface are quickly lost because of fast geminate recombination. This reduces the short-circuit current even further, leading to a scenario in which only around 2596 of the initial photoexcitations generate free charges that can potentially contribute to the photocurrent. In summary, the key photophysical limitations of perylene diimide as an acceptor in low-bandgap polymer blends appear at the interface between the materials, with the kinetics of both charge generation and separation inhibited as compared to that of fullerenes.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp503366m
SN  - 1932-7447
VL  - 118
IS  - 35
SP  - 20077
EP  - 20085
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vandewal, Koen
A1  - Albrecht, Steve
A1  - Hoke, Eric T.
A1  - Graham, Kenneth R.
A1  - Widmer, Johannes
A1  - Douglas, Jessica D.
A1  - Schubert, Marcel
A1  - Mateker, William R.
A1  - Bloking, Jason T.
A1  - Burkhard, George F.
A1  - Sellinger, Alan
A1  - Frechet, Jean M. J.
A1  - Amassian, Aram
A1  - Riede, Moritz K.
A1  - McGehee, Michael D.
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Salleo, Alberto
T1  - Efficient charge generation by relaxed charge-transfer states at organic interfaces
JF  - Nature materials
N2  - carriers on illumination. Efficient organic solar cells require a high yield for this process, combined with a minimum of energy losses. Here, we investigate the role of the lowest energy emissive interfacial charge-transfer state (CT1) in the charge generation process. We measure the quantum yield and the electric field dependence of charge generation on excitation of the charge-transfer (CT) state manifold viaweakly allowed, low-energy optical transitions. For a wide range of photovoltaic devices based on polymer: fullerene, small-molecule:C-60 and polymer: polymer blends, our study reveals that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) is essentially independent of whether or not D, A or CT states with an energy higher than that of CT1 are excited. The best materials systems show an IQE higher than 90% without the need for excess electronic or vibrational energy.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/NMAT3807
SN  - 1476-1122
SN  - 1476-4660
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 63
EP  - 68
PB  - Nature Publ. Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albrecht, Steve
A1  - Grootoonk, Bjorn
A1  - Neubert, Sebastian
A1  - Roland, Steffen
A1  - Wordenweber, Jan
A1  - Meier, Matthias
A1  - Schlatmann, Rutger
A1  - Gordijn, Aad
A1  - Neher, Dieter
T1  - Efficient hybrid inorganic/organic tandem solar cells with tailored recombination contacts
JF  - Solar energy materials & solar cells : an international journal devoted to photovoltaic, photothermal, and photochemical solar energy conversion
N2  - In this work, the authors present a 7.5% efficient hybrid tandem solar cell with the bottom cell made of amorphous silicon and a Si-PCPDTBT:PC70BM bulk heterojunction top cell. Loss-free recombination contacts were realized by combing Al-doped ZnO with either the conducting polymer composite PEDOT:PSS or with a bilayer of ultrathin Al and MoO3. Optimization of these contacts results in tandem cells with high fill factors of 70% and an open circuit voltage close to the sum of those of the sub-cells. This is the best efficiency reported for this type of hybrid tandem cell so far. Optical and electrical device modeling suggests that the efficiency can be increased to similar to 12% on combining a donor polymer with suitable absorption onset with PCBM. We also describe proof-of-principle studies employing light trapping in hybrid tandem solar cells, suggesting that this device architecture has the potential to achieve efficiencies well above 12%. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Hybrid solar cells
KW  - Tandem solar cells
KW  - Organic solar cells
KW  - Bulk heterojunction
KW  - Efficiency optimization
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2014.04.020
SN  - 0927-0248
SN  - 1879-3398
VL  - 127
SP  - 157
EP  - 162
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Baier, Heiko
A1  - Metzner, Philipp
A1  - Körzdörfer, Thomas
A1  - Kelling, Alexandra
A1  - Holdt, Hans-Jürgen
T1  - Efficient palladium(II) precatalysts bearing 4,5-dicyanoimidazol-2-ylidene for the Mizoroki-Heck reaction
JF  - European journal of inorganic chemistry : a journal of ChemPubSoc Europe
N2  - The new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [PdCl2{(CN)(2)IMes}(PPh3)] (2) ({(CN)(2)IMes}: 4,5-dicyano-1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene) and the NHC palladacycle [PdCl(dmba){(CN)(2)IMes}] (3) (dmba: N,N-dimethylbenzylamine) have been synthesized by thermolysis of 4,5-dicyano-1,3-dimesityl-2-(pentafluorophenyl) imidazoline (1) in the presence of suitable palladium(II) precursors. The acyclic complex 2 was formed by ligand exchange using the mononuclear precursor [PdCl2(PPh3)(2)] and the palladacycle 3 was formed by cleavage of the dinuclear chloro-bridged precursor [Pd(mu-Cl)(dmba)](2). The new NHC precursor 1-benzyl-4,5-dicyano-2-(pentafluorophenyl)-3-picolylimidazoline (5) was formed by condensation of pentafluorobenzaldehyde with N-benzyl-N'-picolyldiaminomaleonitrile (4). The NHC palladacycle [PdCl2{(CN)(2)IBzPic}] (6) ({(CN)(2)IBzPic}: 1-benzyl-4,5-dicyano-3-picolylimidazol-2-ylidene) was prepared by in situ thermolysis of 5 in the presence of [PdCl2(PhCN)(2)]. The three palladium(II) complexes were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. In addition, the molecular structures of 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The pi-acidity of (CN)(2)IBzPic was compared with (CN)(2)IMes and perviously reported pi-acidic imidazol-2-ylidenes by NBO analysis. The Mizoroki-Heck (MH) reactions of various aryl halides with n-butyl acrylate were performed in the presence of complexes 2, 3 and 6. The new precatalysts showed high activity in the MH reactions giving good-to-excellent product yields with 0.1 mol-% pre-catalyst. The nature of the catalytically active species of 2, 3 and 6 was investigated by poisoning experiments with mercury and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that palladium nanoparticles formed from the precatalysts were involved in the catalytic process.
KW  - Homogeneous catalysis
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Cross coupling
KW  - Carbene ligands
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201402040
SN  - 1434-1948
SN  - 1099-0682
IS  - 18
SP  - 2952
EP  - 2960
PB  - Wiley-VCH
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Badalyan, Artavazd
A1  - Dierich, Marlen
A1  - Stiba, Konstanze
A1  - Schwuchow, Viola
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
T1  - Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers
BT  - biosensors for benzaldehyde and GABA
JF  - Biosensors
N2  - Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below −0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A “reagentless” biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10–150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.
KW  - redox polymer
KW  - aldehyde oxidoreductase
KW  - ionic strength
KW  - benzaldehyde
KW  - GABA
KW  - biosensor
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/bios4040403
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 403
EP  - 421
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Badalyan, Artavazd
A1  - Dierich, Marlen
A1  - Stiba, Konstanze
A1  - Schwuchow, Viola
A1  - Leimkühler, Silke
A1  - Wollenberger, Ulla
T1  - Electrical wiring of the aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC with a polymer containing osmium redox centers
BT  - biosensors for benzaldehyde and GABA
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Biosensors for the detection of benzaldehyde and g-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are reported using aldehyde oxidoreductase PaoABC from Escherichia coli immobilized in a polymer containing bound low potential osmium redox complexes. The electrically connected enzyme already electrooxidizes benzaldehyde at potentials below −0.15 V (vs. Ag|AgCl, 1 M KCl). The pH-dependence of benzaldehyde oxidation can be strongly influenced by the ionic strength. The effect is similar with the soluble osmium redox complex and therefore indicates a clear electrostatic effect on the bioelectrocatalytic efficiency of PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer. At lower ionic strength, the pH-optimum is high and can be switched to low pH-values at high ionic strength. This offers biosensing at high and low pH-values. A “reagentless” biosensor has been formed with enzyme wired onto a screen-printed electrode in a flow cell device. The response time to addition of benzaldehyde is 30 s, and the measuring range is between 10–150 µM and the detection limit of 5 µM (signal to noise ratio 3:1) of benzaldehyde. The relative standard deviation in a series (n = 13) for 200 µM benzaldehyde is 1.9%. For the biosensor, a response to succinic semialdehyde was also identified. Based on this response and the ability to work at high pH a biosensor for GABA is proposed by coimmobilizing GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T) and PaoABC in the osmium containing redox polymer.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1082 
KW  - redox polymer
KW  - aldehyde oxidoreductase
KW  - ionic strength
KW  - benzaldehyde
KW  - GABA
KW  - biosensor
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-475070
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 1082
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dechtrirat, Decha
A1  - Gajovic-Eichelmann, Nenad
A1  - Wojcik, Felix
A1  - Hartmann, Laura
A1  - Bier, Frank Fabian
A1  - Scheller, Frieder W.
T1  - Electrochemical displacement sensor based on ferrocene boronic acid tracer and immobilized glycan for saccharide binding proteins and E. coli
JF  - Biosensors and bioelectronics : the principal international journal devoted to research, design development and application of biosensors and bioelectronics
N2  - Pathogens such as viruses and bacteria use their envelope proteins and their adhesin lectins to recognize the glycan residues presented on the cell surface of the target tissues. This principle of recognition is used in a new electrochemical displacement sensor for the protein concanavalin A (ConA). A gold electrode was first modified with a self-assembled monolayer of a thiolated mannose/OEG conjugate and a ferrocene boroxol derivative was pre-assembled as reporter molecule onto the mannose surface. The novel tracer molecule based on a 2-hydroxymethyl phenyl boronic acid derivative binds even at neutral pH to the saccharides which could expand the application towards biological samples (i.e., urine and feces). Upon the binding of ConA, the tracer was displaced and washed away from the sensor surface leading to a decrease in the electrochemical signal. Using square wave voltammetry (SWV), the concentration of ConA in the sample solution could be determined in the dynamic concentration range established from 38 nmol L-1 to 5.76 mu mol L-1 with a reproducible detection limit of 1 mu g mL(-1) (38 nmol L-1) based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N=3) with fast response of 15 min. The new reporter molecule showed a reduced non-specific displacement by BSA and ribonuclease A. The sensor was also successfully transferred to the first proof of principle for the detection of Escherichia coli exhibiting a detection limit of approximately 6 x 102 cells/mL Specificity of the displacement by target protein ConA and E. coli was demonstrated since the control proteins (i.e., BSA and RNaseA) and the control E. coli strain, which lack of type 1 fimbriae, were ineffective. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - Ferrocene benzoboroxol biosensor
KW  - Concanavalin A
KW  - Displacement
KW  - Escherichia coli
KW  - Ferrocene boronic acid
KW  - Self-assembled monolayer
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.02.028
SN  - 0956-5663
SN  - 1873-4235
VL  - 58
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bronner, Christopher
A1  - Utecht, Manuel Martin
A1  - Haase, Anton
A1  - Saalfrank, Peter
A1  - Klamroth, Tillmann
A1  - Tegeder, Petra
T1  - Electronic structure changes during the surface-assisted formation of a graphene nanoribbon
JF  - The journal of chemical physics : bridges a gap between journals of physics and journals of chemistr
N2  - High conductivity and a tunability of the band gap make quasi-one-dimensional graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) highly interesting materials for the use in field effect transistors. Especially bottom-up fabricated GNRs possess well-defined edges which is important for the electronic structure and accordingly the band gap. In this study we investigate the formation of a sub-nanometer wide armchair GNR generated on a Au(111) surface. The on-surface synthesis is thermally activated and involves an intermediate non-aromatic polymer in which the molecular precursor forms polyanthrylene chains. Employing angle-resolved two-photon photoemission in combination with density functional theory calculations we find that the polymer exhibits two dispersing states which we attribute to the valence and the conduction band, respectively. While the band gap of the non-aromatic polymer obtained in this way is relatively large, namely 5.25 +/- 0.06 eV, the gap of the corresponding aromatic GNR is strongly reduced which we attribute to the different degree of electron delocalization in the two systems.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4858855
SN  - 0021-9606
SN  - 1089-7690
VL  - 140
IS  - 2
PB  - American Institute of Physics
CY  - Melville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Passow, Susanne
A1  - Westerhausen, Rene
A1  - Hugdahl, Kenneth
A1  - Wartenburger, Isabell
A1  - Heekeren, Hauke R.
A1  - Lindenberger, Ulman
A1  - Li, Shu-Chen
T1  - Electrophysiological correlates of adult age differences in attentional control of auditory processing
JF  - Cerebral cortex
N2  - In addition to sensory decline, age-related losses in auditory perception also reflect impairments in attentional modulation of perceptual saliency. Using an attention and intensity-modulated dichotic listening paradigm, we investigated electrophysiological correlates of processing conflicts between attentional focus and perceptual saliency in 25 younger and 26 older adults. Participants were instructed to attend to the right or left ear, and perceptual saliency was manipulated by varying the intensities of both ears. Attentional control demand was higher in conditions when attentional focus and perceptual saliency favored opposing ears than in conditions without such conflicts. Relative to younger adults, older adults modulated their attention less flexibly and were more influenced by perceptual saliency. Our results show, for the first time, that in younger adults a late negativity in the event-related potential (ERP) at fronto-central and parietal electrodes was sensitive to perceptual-attentional conflicts during auditory processing (N450 modulation effect). Crucially, the magnitude of the N450 modulation effect correlated positively with task performance. In line with lower attentional flexibility, the ERP waveforms of older adults showed absence of the late negativity and the modulation effect. This suggests that aging compromises the activation of the frontoparietal attentional network when processing the competing and conflicting auditory information.
KW  - aging
KW  - attention
KW  - auditory perception
KW  - conflict monitoring
KW  - ERP
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs306
SN  - 1047-3211
SN  - 1460-2199
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
SP  - 249
EP  - 260
PB  - Oxford Univ. Press
CY  - Cary
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
A1  - Teif, Vladimir B.
T1  - Electrostatic effect of H1-histone protein binding on nucleosome repeat length
JF  - Physical biology : a journal for the fundamental understanding of biological systems
N2  - Within a simple biophysical model we describe the effect of electrostatic binding of H1 histone proteins on the nucleosome repeat length in chromatin. The length of wrapped DNA optimizes its binding energy to the histone core and the elastic energy penalty of DNA wrapping. The magnitude of the effect predicted from our model is in agreement with the systematic experimental data on the linear variation of nucleosome repeat lengths with H1/nucleosome ratio (Woodcock C L et al 2006 Chromos. Res. 14 17-25). We compare our model to the data for different cell types and organisms, with a widely varying ratio of bound H1 histones per nucleosome. We underline the importance of this non-specific histone-DNA charge-balance mechanism in regulating the positioning of nucleosomes and the degree of compaction of chromatin fibers in eukaryotic cells.
KW  - electrostatics
KW  - DNA
KW  - nucleosome
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1088/1478-3975/11/4/044001
SN  - 1478-3967
SN  - 1478-3975
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
PB  - IOP Publ. Ltd.
CY  - Bristol
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cherstvy, Andrey G.
T1  - Electrostatics and charge regulation in polyelectrolyte multi layered assembly
JF  - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry
N2  - We examine the implications of electrostatic interactions on formation of polyelectrolyte multilayers, in application to field-effect based biosensors for label-free detection of charged macromolecules. We present a quantitative model to describe the experimental potentiometric observations and discuss its possibilities and limitations for detection of polyelectrolyte adsorption. We examine the influence of the ionic strength and pH on the sensor response upon polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer formation. The magnitude of potential oscillations on the sensor-electrolyte interface predicted upon repetitive adsorption charge-alternating polymers agrees satisfactorily with experimental results. The model accounts for different screening by mobile ions in electrolyte and inside tightly interdigitated multilayered structure. In particular, we show that sensors' potential oscillations are larger and more persistent at lower salt conditions, while they decay faster with the number of layers at higher salt conditions, in agreement with experiments. The effects of polyelectrolyte layer thickness, substrate potential, and charge regulation on the sensor surface triggered by layer-by-layer deposition are also analyzed.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp502460v
SN  - 1520-6106
VL  - 118
IS  - 17
SP  - 4552
EP  - 4560
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Schubert, Marcel
T1  - Elementary processes in layers of electron transporting Donor-acceptor copolymers : investigation of charge transport and application to organic solar cells
T1  - Elementare Prozesse in Schichten elektronen-transportierender Donator-Akzeptor-Copolymere : Untersuchung des Ladungstransports und Anwendung in Organischen Solarzellen
N2  - Donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers have revolutionized the field of organic electronics over the last decade. Comprised of a electron rich and an electron deficient molecular unit, these copolymers facilitate the systematic modification of the material's optoelectronic properties. The ability to tune the optical band gap and to optimize the molecular frontier orbitals as well as the manifold of structural sites that enable chemical modifications has created a tremendous variety of copolymer structures. Today, these materials reach or even exceed the performance of amorphous inorganic semiconductors. Most impressively, the charge carrier mobility of D-A copolymers has been pushed to the technologically important value of 10 cm^{2}V^{-1}s^{-1}. Furthermore, owed to their enormous variability they are the material of choice for the donor component in organic solar cells, which have recently surpassed the efficiency threshold of 10%. Because of the great number of available D-A copolymers and due to their fast chemical evolution, there is a significant lack of understanding of the fundamental physical properties of these materials. Furthermore, the complex chemical and electronic structure of D-A copolymers in combination with their semi-crystalline morphology impede a straightforward identification of the microscopic origin of their superior performance. In this thesis, two aspects of prototype D-A copolymers were analysed. These are the investigation of electron transport in several copolymers and the application of low band gap copolymers as acceptor component in organic solar cells. In the first part, the investigation of a series of chemically modified fluorene-based copolymers is presented. The charge carrier mobility varies strongly between the different derivatives, although only moderate structural changes on the copolymers structure were made. Furthermore, rather unusual photocurrent transients were observed for one of the copolymers. Numerical simulations of the experimental results reveal that this behavior arises from a severe trapping of electrons in an exponential distribution of trap states. Based on the comparison of simulation and experiment, the general impact of charge carrier trapping on the shape of photo-CELIV and time-of-flight transients is discussed. In addition, the high performance naphthalenediimide (NDI)-based copolymer P(NDI2OD-T2) was characterized. It is shown that the copolymer posses one of the highest electron mobilities reported so far, which makes it attractive to be used as the electron accepting component in organic photovoltaic cells.\par Solar cells were prepared from two NDI-containing copolymers, blended with the hole transporting polymer P3HT. I demonstrate that the use of appropriate, high boiling point solvents can significantly increase the power conversion efficiency of these devices. Spectroscopic studies reveal that the pre-aggregation of the copolymers is suppressed in these solvents, which has a strong impact on the blend morphology. Finally, a systematic study of P3HT:P(NDI2OD-T2) blends is presented, which quantifies the processes that limit the efficiency of devices. The major loss channel for excited states was determined by transient and steady state spectroscopic investigations: the majority of initially generated electron-hole pairs is annihilated by an ultrafast geminate recombination process. Furthermore, exciton self-trapping in P(NDI2OD-T2) domains account for an additional reduction of the efficiency. The correlation of the photocurrent to microscopic morphology parameters was used to disclose the factors that limit the charge generation efficiency. Our results suggest that the orientation of the donor and acceptor crystallites relative to each other represents the main factor that determines the free charge carrier yield in this material system. This provides an explanation for the overall low efficiencies that are generally observed in all-polymer solar cells.
N2  - Donator-Akzeptor (D-A) Copolymere haben das Feld der organischen Elektronik revolutioniert. Bestehend aus einer elektronen-reichen und einer elektronen-armen molekularen Einheit,ermöglichen diese Polymere die systematische Anpassung ihrer optischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften. Zu diesen zählen insbesondere die optische Bandlücke und die Lage der Energiezustände. Dabei lassen sie sich sehr vielseitig chemisch modifizieren, was zu einer imensen Anzahl an unterschiedlichen Polymerstrukturen geführt hat. Dies hat entscheidend dazu beigetragen, dass D-A-Copolymere heute in Bezug auf ihren Ladungstransport die Effizienz von anorganischen Halbleitern erreichen oder bereits übetreffen. Des Weiteren lassen sich diese Materialien auch hervorragend in Organischen Solarzellen verwenden, welche jüngst eine Effizienz von über 10% überschritten haben. Als Folge der beträchtlichen Anzahl an unterschiedlichen D-A-Copolymeren konnte das physikalische Verständnis ihrer Eigenschaften bisher nicht mit dieser rasanten Entwicklung Schritt halten. Dies liegt nicht zuletzt an der komplexen chemischen und mikroskopischen Struktur im Film, in welchem die Polymere in einem teil-kristallinen Zustand vorliegen. Um ein besseres Verständnis der grundlegenden Funktionsweise zu erlangen, habe ich in meiner Arbeit sowohl den Ladungstransport als auch die photovoltaischen Eigenschaften einer Reihe von prototypischen, elektronen-transportierenden D-A Copolymeren beleuchtet. Im ersten Teil wurden Copolymere mit geringfügigen chemischen Variationen untersucht. Diese Variationen führen zu einer starken Änderung des Ladungstransportverhaltens. Besonders auffällig waren hier die Ergebnisse eines Polymers, welches sehr ungewöhnliche transiente Strom-Charakteristiken zeigte. Die nähere Untersuchung ergab, dass in diesem Material elektrisch aktive Fallenzustände existieren. Dieser Effekt wurde dann benutzt um den Einfluss solcher Fallen auf transiente Messung im Allgemeinen zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich wurde der Elektronentransport in einem neuartigen Copolymer untersucht, welche die bis dato größte gemesse Elektronenmobilität für konjugierte Polymere zeigte. Darauf basierend wurde versucht, die neuartigen Copolymere als Akzeptoren in Organischen Solarzellen zu implementieren. Die Optimierung dieser Zellen erwies sich jedoch als schwierig, konnte aber erreicht werden, indem die Lösungseigenschaften der Copolymere untersucht und systematisch gesteuert wurden. Im Weiteren werden umfangreiche Untersuchungen zu den relevanten Verlustprozessen gezeigt. Besonders hervorzuheben ist hier die Beobachtung, dass hohe Effizienzen nur bei einer coplanaren Packung der Donator/Akzeptor-Kristalle erreicht werden können. Diese Struktureigenschaft wird hier zum ersten Mal beschrieben und stellt einen wichtigen Erkenntnisgewinn zum Verständnis von Polymersolarzellen dar.
KW  - Organische Solarzellen
KW  - Ladungstransport
KW  - Donator-Akzeptor-Copolymere
KW  - Alternative Akzeptorpolymere
KW  - Polymer-Kristalle
KW  - organic solar cells
KW  - charge transport
KW  - Donor-acceptor copolymers
KW  - alternative electron acceptors
KW  - polymer crystal orientation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70791
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Sultanov, Oskar
A1  - Kalyakin, Leonid
A1  - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich
T1  - Elliptic perturbations of dynamical systems with a proper node
N2  - The paper is devoted to asymptotic analysis of the Dirichlet problem for a second order partial differential equation containing a small parameter multiplying the highest order derivatives. It corresponds to a small perturbation of a dynamical system having a stationary solution in the domain. We focus on the case where the trajectories of the system go into the domain and the stationary solution is a proper node.
T3  - Preprints des Instituts für Mathematik der Universität Potsdam - 3 (2014) 4 
KW  - dynamical system
KW  - singular perturbation
KW  - asymptotic methods
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70460
SN  - 2193-6943
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Dyachenko, Evgeniya
T1  - Elliptic problems with small parameter
T1  - Elliptische Problemen mit kleinem Parameter
N2  - In this thesis we consider diverse aspects of existence and correctness of asymptotic solutions to elliptic differential and pseudodifferential equations. We begin our studies with the case of a general elliptic boundary value problem in partial derivatives. A small parameter enters the coefficients of the main equation as well as into the boundary conditions. Such equations have already been investigated satisfactory, but there still exist certain theoretical deficiencies. Our aim is to present the general theory of elliptic problems with a small parameter. For this purpose we examine in detail the case of a bounded domain with a smooth boundary. First of all, we construct formal solutions as power series in the small parameter. Then we examine their asymptotic properties. It suffices to carry out sharp two-sided \emph{a priori} estimates for the operators of boundary value problems which are uniform in the small parameter. Such estimates failed to hold in functional spaces used in classical elliptic theory. To circumvent this limitation we exploit norms depending on the small parameter for the functions defined on a bounded domain. Similar norms are widely used in literature, but their properties have not been investigated extensively. Our theoretical investigation shows that the usual elliptic technique can be correctly carried out in these norms. The obtained results also allow one to extend the norms to compact manifolds with boundaries. We complete our investigation by formulating algebraic conditions on the operators and showing their equivalence to the existence of a priori estimates. In the second step, we extend the concept of ellipticity with a small parameter to more general classes of operators. Firstly, we want to compare the difference in asymptotic patterns between the obtained series and expansions for similar differential problems. Therefore we investigate the heat equation in a bounded domain with a small parameter near the time derivative. In this case the characteristics touch the boundary at a finite number of points. It is known that the solutions are not regular in a neighbourhood of such points in advance. We suppose moreover that the boundary at such points can be non-smooth but have cuspidal singularities. We find a formal asymptotic expansion and show that when a set of parameters comes through a threshold value, the expansions fail to be asymptotic. The last part of the work is devoted to general concept of ellipticity with a small parameter. Several theoretical extensions to pseudodifferential operators have already been suggested in previous studies. As a new contribution we involve the analysis on manifolds with edge singularities which allows us to consider wider classes of perturbed elliptic operators. We examine that introduced classes possess a priori estimates of elliptic type. As a further application we demonstrate how developed tools can be used to reduce singularly perturbed problems to regular ones.
N2  - In dieser Dissertation betrachten wir verschiedene Aspekte der Existenz und Korrektheit asymptotischer Lösungen für elliptische Differentialgleichungen und Pseudodifferentialgleichungen. Am Anfang betrachtet die Arbeit den Fall eines allgemeinen elliptischen Grenzwertproblems in partiellen Ableitungen. Hierbei hängen die Koeffizienten von einem kleinen Parameter ab. Solche Gleichungen wurden schon reichlich untersucht, aber es gibt immer noch theoretische Lücken. Unser Ziel ist eine allgemeine Theorie elliptischer Operatorklassen mit kleinen Parametern. Zu diesem Zweck untersuchen wir im Detail den Fall eines beschränkten Gebietes mit glattem Rand. Zuerst konstruieren wir formale Lösungen als Potenzreihe einer kleinen Variablen. Weiter untersuchen wir ihre asymptotischen Eigenschaften. Dazu reicht es aus, beidseitige A-Priori Abschätzungen für diejenigen Randwertproblemoperatoren zu bestimmen, die gleichmäßig stetig von den kleinen Parametern abhängen. Solche Abschätzungen gelten nicht in Funktionenräumen, die in der klassischen elliptischen Theorie benutzt werden. Um diese Beschränkungen zu überwinden, nutzen wir Normen abhängig vom kleinen Parameter. Änliche Normen finden sich oft in der Literatur, aber ihre Eigenschaften wurden unzureichend untersucht. Unsere theoretische Forschung zeigt, dass die gewöhnliche elliptische Methode korrekt durchgeführt werden kann. Die erhaltenen Abschätzungen erlauben das Fortsetzen der Normen auf kompakte Mannigfältigkeiten mit Rand. Unsere Forschung wird mit algebraischen Bedingungen für die Operatoren abgeschlossen. Wir zeigen, dass diese Bedingungen äquivalent zu der Existenz der A-Priori-Abschätzungen sind. Im zweiten Schritt erweitern wir das Konzept der Elliptizität mit kleinen Parametern zu allgemeineren Operatorklassen. Zuerst wollen wir den Unterschied in asymptotischen Mustern zwischen der erhaltenen Reihe und Lösungen ähnlicher Probleme untersuchen. Deshalb untersuchen wir die Wärmeleitungsgleichung in einem beschränkten Gebiet mit einem kleinen Parameter in der Zeitableitung. In diesem Fall tangiert der Rand die Charakteristik endlich oft. Es ist bekannt, dass die Lösungen unregulär im Allgemeinen in Umgebungen solcher Stellen sind. Wir nehmen an, dass der Rand an solchen Stellen nicht glätt sein kann und kaspydalische Singularitäten hat. Wir haben eine formale asymptotische Zerlegung gefunden und einen Schwellenwert gezeigt, sodass die asymptotische Eigenschaft der Reihe nicht mehr gilt, wenn der Randparameter diesen Schwellenwert übersteigt. Der letze Teil der Arbeit führt ein allgemeines Konzept der Elliptizit\"at mit einem kleinen Parameter ein. Mehrere theoretische Erweiterungen auf Pseudodifferentialoperatoren wurden schon in früheren Studien vorgeschlagen. Als neuen Beitrag wenden wir die Analysis auf Manigfältigkeiten mit Kantensingularitäten an. Dies lässt es zu, allgemeinere gestörte Operatorklassen zu betrachten. Wir beobachten, dass die eingef\"uhrten Klassen A-Priori-Abschätzungen elliptischer Gestalt haben. Als weitere Anwendung demonstrieren wir, wie die entwickelten Mittel zum Reduzieren singular gestörter Probleme zu regulären Fällen benutzt werden können.
KW  - elliptische Gleichungen
KW  - kleine Parameter
KW  - elliptic problems
KW  - small parameter
KW  - boundary layer
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72056
ER  - 
TY  - INPR
A1  - Grapentin, Andreas
A1  - Heidler, Kirstin
A1  - Korsch, Dimitri
A1  - Kumar Sah, Rakesh
A1  - Kunzmann, Nicco
A1  - Henning, Johannes
A1  - Mattis, Toni
A1  - Rein, Patrick
A1  - Seckler, Eric
A1  - Groneberg, Björn
A1  - Zimmermann, Florian
ED  - Hentschel, Uwe
ED  - Richter, Daniel
ED  - Polze, Andreas
T1  - Embedded operating system projects
N2  - In today’s life, embedded systems are ubiquitous. But they differ from traditional desktop systems in many aspects – these include predictable timing behavior (real-time), the management of scarce resources (memory, network), reliable communication protocols, energy management, special purpose user-interfaces (headless operation), system configuration, programming languages (to support software/hardware co-design), and modeling techniques. Within this technical report, authors present results from the lecture “Operating Systems for Embedded Computing” that has been offered by the “Operating Systems and Middleware” group at HPI in Winter term 2013/14. Focus of the lecture and accompanying projects was on principles of real-time computing. Students had the chance to gather practical experience with a number of different OSes and applications and present experiences with near-hardware programming. Projects address the entire spectrum, from bare-metal programming to harnessing a real-time OS to exercising the full software/hardware co-design cycle. Three outstanding projects are at the heart of this technical report. Project 1 focuses on the development of a bare-metal operating system for LEGO Mindstorms EV3. While still a toy, it comes with a powerful ARM processor, 64 MB of main memory, standard interfaces, such as Bluetooth and network protocol stacks. EV3 runs a version of 1 1 Introduction Linux. Sources are available from Lego’s web site. However, many devices and their driver software are proprietary and not well documented. Developing a new, bare-metal OS for the EV3 requires an understanding of the EV3 boot process. Since no standard input/output devices are available, initial debugging steps are tedious. After managing these initial steps, the project was able to adapt device drivers for a few Lego devices to an extent that a demonstrator (the Segway application) could be successfully run on the new OS. Project 2 looks at the EV3 from a different angle. The EV3 is running a pretty decent version of Linux- in principle, the RT_PREEMPT patch can turn any Linux system into a real-time OS by modifying the behavior of a number of synchronization constructs at the heart of the OS. Priority inversion is a problem that is solved by protocols such as priority inheritance or priority ceiling. Real-time OSes implement at least one of the protocols. The central idea of the project was the comparison of non-real-time and real-time variants of Linux on the EV3 hardware. A task set that showed effects of priority inversion on standard EV3 Linux would operate flawlessly on the Linux version with the RT_PREEMPT-patch applied. If only patching Lego’s version of Linux was that easy... Project 3 takes the notion of real-time computing more seriously. The application scenario was centered around our Carrera Digital 132 racetrack. Obtaining position information from the track, controlling individual cars, detecting and modifying the Carrera Digital protocol required design and implementation of custom controller hardware. What to implement in hardware, firmware, and what to implement in application software – this was the central question addressed by the project.
N2  - Heutzutage sind eingebettete Systeme allgegenwärtig. Allerdings unterscheiden sie sich in vielen Aspekten von traditionellen Desktop-System – dazu gehören vorhersagbares Zeitverhalten („Echtzeit“), die Verwaltung von knappen Ressourcen (Speicher, Netzwerk), zuverlässige Kommunikationsprotokolle, Energiemanagement, spezialisierte Benutzungsschnittstellen („headless“), Systemkonfiguration, Programmiersprachen (zur Unterstützung von Software-Hardware-Co-Design) und Modellierungstechniken. In diesem technischen Bericht präsentieren die Autoren Ergebnisse aus der Vorlesung „Betriebssysteme für Embedded Computing“, die von der Fachgruppe „Betriebssysteme und Middleware“ am HPI in Wintersemester 2013/14 angeboten wurde. Schwerpunkte der Vorlesung und der begleitenden Projekte waren Prinzipien von Echtzeit-Computing. Die Studenten hatten die Möglichkeit, praktische Erfahrungen mit einer Reihe von verschiedenen Betriebssystemen und Anwendungen zu sammeln und präsentieren ihre Erfahrungen mit hardwarenaher Programmierung. Die Projekte adressieren das gesamte Spektrum von der Bare-Metal-Programmierung über die Nutzung eines Echtzeitbetriebssystem bis zur Anwendung des vollen Software-Hardware-Co-Design-Zyklus‘. Drei herausragende Projekte sind das Herzstück dieses technischen Berichts. Projekt 1 konzentriert sich auf die Entwicklung eines Bare-Metal-Betriebssystems für LEGO Mindstorms EV3. Obwohl es ein Spielzeug ist, kommt es mit einem leistungsstarken ARM-Prozessor, 64 MB Hauptspeicher und Standardschnittstellen wie Bluetooth und einem Netzwerkprotokollstapel. Auf dem EV3 läuft spezielle Linux-Version – die Quellen sind auf der Lego-Website verfügbar. Allerdings sind viele Geräte und deren Treiber-Software urheberrechtlich geschützt und nicht gut dokumentiert. Die Entwicklung eines neuen Bare-Metal-Betriebssystem für den EV3 erfordert ein Verständnis des EV3-Bootvorgangs. Da keine Standard-Ein-/Ausgabegeräte zur Verfügung stehen, sind anfängliche Debug-Schritte mühsam. Nach dem Absolvieren dieser ersten Schritte war das Projekt in der Lage, Gerätetreiber für einige Lego-Geräte anzupassen um einen Demonstrator (die Segway-Anwendung) erfolgreich auf dem neuen Betriebssystem laufen zu lassen. Projekt 2 befasst sich mit dem EV3 aus einer anderen Perspektive. Der EV3 wird mit einer üblichen EV3 Linux-Version betrieben – im Prinzip kann der RT_PREEMPT-Patch jedes Linux-System in ein Echtzeitbetriebssystem verwandeln, indem er das Verhalten einer Anzahl von Synchronisationskonstrukten im Herzen des Betriebssystems anpasst. Priority Inversion ist ein Problem, das durch Protokolle wie Prioritätsvererbung oder Priority Ceiling gelöst wird. Heutige Echtzeit-Betriebssysteme implementieren mindestens eines dieser Protokolle. Die zentrale Idee des Projekts war der Vergleich der Nicht-Echtzeit und Echtzeit-Varianten von Linux auf der EV3-Hardware. Ein Task-Set, das die Auswirkungen der Prioritätsumkehr auf Standard-EV3 Linux zeigt, würde ohne Probleme auf der Linux-Version mit dem RT_PREEMPT-Patch betrieben werden können. Wenn nur das Patchen Lego-Version von Linux war so einfach wäre... Projekt 3 nimmt den Begriff des Echtzeit-Computing ernst. Das Anwendungsszenario wurde um unsere Carrera Digital 132 Bahn angeordnet. Das Sammeln von Positionsinformationen, die Steuerung einzelner Fahrzeuge, die Erfassung und Änderung des Carrera Digital-Protokolls erfordert die Konzeption und Umsetzung von spezialisierter Controller-Hardware. Die zentrale Fragestellung dieses Projekts war, was in Hardware, in Firmware oder in der Anwendungssoftware zu implementieren ist.
T3  - Technische Berichte des Hasso-Plattner-Instituts für Digital Engineering an der Universität Potsdam - 90 
KW  - Echtzeit
KW  - eingebettete Systeme
KW  - Betriebssysteme
KW  - Erfahrungsbericht
KW  - LEGO Mindstorms EV3
KW  - RT_PREEMT-Patch
KW  - Carrera Digital D132
KW  - real-time
KW  - embedded systems
KW  - operating systems
KW  - experience report
KW  - LEGO Mindstorms EV3
KW  - RT_PREEMT patch
KW  - Carrera Digital D132
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-69154
SN  - 978-3-86956-296-4
SN  - 1613-5652
SN  - 2191-1665
IS  - 90
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kupetz, Maxi
T1  - Empathy displays as interactional achievements-Multimodal and sequential aspects
JF  - Journal of pragmatics : an interdisciplinary journal of language studies
KW  - Empathy
KW  - Understanding
KW  - Affectivity
KW  - Conversation Analysis
KW  - Interactional Linguistics
KW  - Multimodality
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2013.11.006
SN  - 0378-2166
SN  - 1879-1387
VL  - 61
SP  - 4
EP  - 34
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Schmidl, Ricarda
T1  - Empirical essays on job search behavior, active labor market policies, and propensity score balancing methods
T1  - Empirische Studien zum Arbeitssuchverhalten, aktiver Arbeitsmarktpolitik und Propensity Score Gewichtungsmethoden
N2  - In Chapter 1 of the dissertation, the role of social networks is analyzed as an important determinant in the search behavior of the unemployed. Based on the hypothesis that the unemployed generate information on vacancies through their social network, search theory predicts that individuals with large social networks should experience an increased productivity of informal search, and reduce their search in formal channels. Due to the higher productivity of search, unemployed with a larger network are also expected to have a higher reservation wage than unemployed with a small network. The model-theoretic predictions are tested and confirmed empirically. It is found that the search behavior of unemployed is significantly affected by the presence of social contacts, with larger networks implying a stronger substitution away from formal search channels towards informal channels. The substitution is particularly pronounced for passive formal search methods, i.e., search methods that generate rather non-specific types of job offer information at low relative cost. We also find small but significant positive effects of an increase of the network size on the reservation wage. These results have important implications on the analysis of the job search monitoring or counseling measures that are usually targeted at formal search only. Chapter 2 of the dissertation addresses the labor market effects of vacancy information during the early stages of unemployment. The outcomes considered are the speed of exit from unemployment, the effects on the quality of employment and the short-and medium-term effects on active labor market program (ALMP) participation. It is found that vacancy information significantly increases the speed of entry into employment; at the same time the probability to participate in ALMP is significantly reduced. Whereas the long-term reduction in the ALMP arises in consequence of the earlier exit from unemployment, we also observe a short-run decrease for some labor market groups which suggest that caseworker use high and low intensity activation measures interchangeably which is clearly questionable from an efficiency point of view. For unemployed who find a job through vacancy information we observe a small negative effect on the weekly number of hours worked. In Chapter 3, the long-term effects of participation in ALMP are assessed for unemployed youth under 25 years of age. Complementary to the analysis in Chapter 2, the effects of participation in time- and cost-intensive measures of active labor market policies are examined. In particular we study the effects of job creation schemes, wage subsidies, short-and long-term training measures and measures to promote the participation in vocational training. The outcome variables of interest are the probability to be in regular employment, and participation in further education during the 60 months following program entry. The analysis shows that all programs, except job creation schemes have positive and long-term effects on the employment probability of youth. In the short-run only short-term training measures generate positive effects, as long-term training programs and wage subsidies exhibit significant locking-in'' effects. Measures to promote vocational training are found to increase the probability of attending education and training significantly, whereas all other programs have either no or a negative effect on training participation. Effect heterogeneity with respect to the pre-treatment level education shows that young people with higher pre-treatment educational levels benefit more from participation most programs. However, for longer-term wage subsidies we also find strong positive effects for young people with low initial education levels. The relative benefit of training measures is higher in West than in East Germany. In the evaluation studies of Chapters 2 and 3 semi-parametric balancing methods of Propensity Score Matching (PSM) and Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) are used to eliminate the effects of counfounding factors that influence both the treatment participation as well as the outcome variable of interest, and to establish a causal relation between program participation and outcome differences. While PSM and IPW are intuitive and methodologically attractive as they do not require parametric assumptions, the practical implementation may become quite challenging due to their sensitivity to various data features. Given the importance of these methods in the evaluation literature, and the vast number of recent methodological contributions in this field, Chapter 4 aims to reduce the knowledge gap between the methodological and applied literature by summarizing new findings of the empirical and statistical literature and practical guidelines for future applied research. In contrast to previous publications this study does not only focus on the estimation of causal effects, but stresses that the balancing challenge can and should be discussed independent of question of causal identification of treatment effects on most empirical applications. Following a brief outline of the practical implementation steps required for PSM and IPW, these steps are presented in detail chronologically, outlining practical advice for each step. Subsequently, the topics of effect estimation, inference, sensitivity analysis and the combination with parametric estimation methods are discussed. Finally, new extensions of the methodology and avenues for future research are presented.
N2  - In Kapitel 1 der Dissertation wird die Rolle von sozialen Netzwerken als Determinante im Suchverhalten von Arbeitslosen analysiert. Basierend auf der Hypothese, dass Arbeitslose durch ihr soziales Netzwerk Informationen über Stellenangebote generieren, sollten Personen mit großen sozialen Netzwerken eine erhöhte Produktivität ihrer informellen Suche erfahren, und ihre Suche in formellen Kanälen reduzieren. Durch die höhere Produktivität der Suche sollte für diese Personen zudem der Reservationslohn steigen. Die modelltheoretischen Vorhersagen werden empirisch getestet, wobei die Netzwerkinformationen durch die Anzahl guter Freunde, sowie Kontakthäufigkeit zu früheren Kollegen approximiert wird. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das Suchverhalten der Arbeitslosen durch das Vorhandensein sozialer Kontakte signifikant beeinflusst wird. Insbesondere sinkt mit der Netzwerkgröße formelle Arbeitssuche - die Substitution ist besonders ausgeprägt für passive formelle Suchmethoden, d.h. Informationsquellen die eher unspezifische Arten von Jobangeboten bei niedrigen relativen Kosten erzeugen. Im Einklang mit den Vorhersagen des theoretischen Modells finden sich auch deutlich positive Auswirkungen einer Erhöhung der Netzwerkgröße auf den Reservationslohn. Kapitel 2 befasst sich mit den Arbeitsmarkteffekten von Vermittlungsangeboten (VI) in der frühzeitigen Aktivierungsphase von Arbeitslosen. Die Nutzung von VI könnte dabei eine „doppelte Dividende“ versprechen. Zum einen reduziert die frühe Aktivierung die Dauer der Arbeitslosigkeit, und somit auch die Notwendigkeit späterer Teilnahme in Arbeitsmarktprogrammen (ALMP). Zum anderen ist die Aktivierung durch Information mit geringeren locking-in‘‘ Effekten verbunden als die Teilnahme in ALMP. Ziel der Analyse ist es, die Effekte von frühen VI auf die Eingliederungsgeschwindigkeit, sowie die Teilnahmewahrscheinlichkeit in ALMP zu messen. Zudem werden mögliche Effekte auf die Qualität der Beschäftigung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass VI die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit signifikant erhöhen, und dass gleichzeitig die Wahrscheinlichkeit in ALMP teilzunehmen signifikant reduziert wird. Für die meisten betrachteten Subgruppen ergibt sich die langfristige Reduktion der ALMP Teilnahme als Konsequenz der schnelleren Eingliederung. Für einzelne Arbeitsmarktgruppen ergibt sich zudem eine frühe und temporare Reduktion, was darauf hinweist, dass Maßnahmen mit hohen und geringen „locking-in“ Effekten aus Sicht der Sachbearbeiter austauschbar sind, was aus Effizienzgesichtspunkten fragwürdig ist. Es wird ein geringer negativer Effekt auf die wöchentliche Stundenanzahl in der ersten abhängigen Beschäftigung nach Arbeitslosigkeit beobachtet. In Kapitel 3 werden die Langzeiteffekte von ALMP für arbeitslose Jugendliche unter 25 Jahren ermittelt. Die untersuchten ALMP sind ABM-Maßnahmen, Lohnsubventionen, kurz-und langfristige Maßnahmen der beruflichen Bildung sowie Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Teilnahme an Berufsausbildung. Ab Eintritt in die Maßnahme werden Teilnehmer und Nicht-Teilnehmer für einen Zeitraum von sechs Jahren beobachtet. Als Zielvariable wird die Wahrscheinlichkeit regulärer Beschäftigung, sowie die Teilnahme in Ausbildung untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass alle Programme, bis auf ABM, positive und langfristige Effekte auf die Beschäftigungswahrscheinlichkeit von Jugendlichen haben. Kurzfristig finden wir jedoch nur für kurze Trainingsmaßnahmen positive Effekte, da lange Trainingsmaßnahmen und Lohnzuschüsse mit signifikanten locking-in‘‘ Effekten verbunden sind. Maßnahmen zur Förderung der Berufsausbildung erhöhen die Wahrscheinlichkeit der Teilnahme an einer Ausbildung, während alle anderen Programme keinen oder einen negativen Effekt auf die Ausbildungsteilnahme haben. Jugendliche mit höherem Ausbildungsniveau profitieren stärker von der Programmteilnahme. Jedoch zeigen sich für längerfristige Lohnsubventionen ebenfalls starke positive Effekte für Jugendliche mit geringer Vorbildung. Der relative Nutzen von Trainingsmaßnahmen ist höher in West- als in Ostdeutschland. In den Evaluationsstudien der Kapitel 2 und 3 werden die semi-parametrischen Gewichtungsverfahren Propensity Score Matching (PSM) und Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) verwendet, um den Einfluss verzerrender Faktoren, die sowohl die Maßnahmenteilnahme als auch die Zielvariablen beeinflussen zu beseitigen, und kausale Effekte der Programmteilahme zu ermitteln. Während PSM and IPW intuitiv und methodisch sehr attraktiv sind, stellt die Implementierung der Methoden in der Praxis jedoch oft eine große Herausforderung dar. Das Ziel von Kapitel 4 ist es daher, praktische Hinweise zur Implementierung dieser Methoden zu geben. Zu diesem Zweck werden neue Erkenntnisse der empirischen und statistischen Literatur zusammengefasst und praxisbezogene Richtlinien für die angewandte Forschung abgeleitet. Basierend auf einer theoretischen Motivation und einer Skizzierung der praktischen Implementierungsschritte von PSM und IPW werden diese Schritte chronologisch dargestellt, wobei auch auf praxisrelevante Erkenntnisse aus der methodischen Forschung eingegangen wird. Im Anschluss werden die Themen Effektschätzung, Inferenz, Sensitivitätsanalyse und die Kombination von IPW und PSM mit anderen statistischen Methoden diskutiert. Abschließend werden neue Erweiterungen der Methodik aufgeführt.
KW  - empirische Arbeitsmarktforschung
KW  - Arbeitssuchverhalten
KW  - Propensity Score Matching
KW  - Inverse Probability Weighting
KW  - Aktive Arbeitsmarktpolitik
KW  - empirical labor market studies
KW  - job search behavior
KW  - propensity score matching
KW  - inverse probability weighting
KW  - active labor market policies
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-71145
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Reichetzeder, Christoph
A1  - Tsuprykov, Oleg
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
T1  - Endothelin receptor antagonists in clinical research - Lessons learned from preclinical and clinical kidney studies
JF  - Life sciences : molecular, cellular and functional basis of therapy
N2  - Endothelin receptor antagonists (ETRAs) are approved for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension and scleroderma-related digital ulcers. The efforts to approve this class of drugs for renal indications, however, failed so far. Preclinical studies were promising. Transgenic overexpression of ET-1 or ET-2 in rodents causes chronic renal failure. Blocking the ET system was effective in the treatment of renal failure in rodent models. However, various animal studies indicate that blocking the renal tubular ETAR and ETBR causes water and salt retention partially mediated via the epithelial sodium transporter in tubular cells. ETRAs were successfully tested clinically in renal indications in phase 2 trials for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. They showed efficacy in terms of reducing albumin excretion on top of guideline based background therapy (RAS blockade). However, these promising results could not be translated to successful phase Ill trials so far. The spectrum of serious adverse events was similar to other phase III trials using ETRAs. Potential underlying reasons for these failures and options to solve these issues are discussed. In addition preclinical and clinical studies suggest caution when addressing renal patient populations such as patients with hepatorenal syndrome, patients with any type of cystic kidney disease and patients at risk of contrast media induced nephropathy. The lessons learned in renal indications are also important for other potential promising indications of ETRAs like cancer and heart failure. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
KW  - Endothelin receptor antagonists
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Side effects
KW  - Safety
KW  - Water and salt retention
KW  - Clinical trials
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2014.02.025
SN  - 0024-3205
SN  - 1879-0631
VL  - 118
IS  - 2
SP  - 141
EP  - 148
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vignon-Zellweger, Nicolas
A1  - Relle, Katharina
A1  - Rahnenfuehrer, Jan
A1  - Schwab, Karima
A1  - Hocher, Berthold
A1  - Theuring, Franz
T1  - Endothelin-1 overexpression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase knock-out induce different pathological responses in the heart of male and female mice
JF  - Life sciences : molecular, cellular and functional basis of therapy
N2  - Aims: The nitric oxide and endothelin systems are key components of a local paracrine hormone network in the heart. We previously reported that diastolic dysfunction observed in mice lacking the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS-/-) can be prevented by a genetic overexpression of ET-1. Sexual dimorphisms have been reported in both ET-1 and NO systems. Particularly, eNOS-/- mice present sex related phenotypic differences.
 Main methods: We used the ET-1 transgenic (ET+/+), eNOS-/-, and crossbred ET+/+ eNOS-/- mice, and wild type controls. We measured cardiac function by heart catheterization. Cardiac ventricles were collected for histological and molecular profiling.
 Key findings: We report here that (i) the level of ET-1 expression in eNOS-/- mice was elevated in males but not in females. (ii) Left ventricular end-diastolic blood pressure was higher in male eNOS-/- mice than in females. (ii) eNOS-/- males but not females developed cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. (iv) Perivascular fibrosis of intra-cardiac arteries developed in female ET+/+ and eNOS-/- mice but not in males. Additionally, (v) the cardiac expression of metalloprotease-9 was higher in eNOS-/- males compared to females. Finally, (vi) cardiac proteome analysis revealed that the protein abundance of the oxidative stress related enzyme superoxide dismutase presented with sexual dimorphism in eNOS-/- and ET+/+ mice.
 Significance: These results indicate that the cardiac phenotypes of ET-1 transgenic mice and eNOS knockout mice are sex specific. Since both systems are key players in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, our findings might be important in the context of gender differences in patients with such diseases. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/).
KW  - Endothelin-1
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Cardiac function
KW  - Sexual dimorphism
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.003
SN  - 0024-3205
SN  - 1879-0631
VL  - 118
IS  - 2
SP  - 219
EP  - 225
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brenten, Thomas
A1  - Morris, Penelope J.
A1  - Salt, Carina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Kohn, Barbara
A1  - Brunnberg, Leo
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Zentek, Juergen
T1  - Energy intake, growth rate and body composition of young Labrador Retrievers and Miniature Schnauzers fed different dietary levels of vitamin A
JF  - The British journal of nutrition : an international journal devoted to the science of human and animal nutrition
N2  - Research in rodents has shown that dietary vitamin A reduces body fat by enhancing fat mobilisation and energy utilisation; however, their effects in growing dogs remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the development of body weight and body composition and compared observed energy intake with predicted energy intake in forty-nine puppies from two breeds (twenty-four Labrador Retriever (LAB) and twenty-five Miniature Schnauzer (MS)). A total of four different diets with increasing vitamin A content between 5.24 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000-100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy were fed from the age of 8 weeks up to 52 (MS) and 78 weeks (LAB). The daily energy intake was recorded throughout the experimental period. The body condition score was evaluated weekly using a seven-category system, and food allowances were adjusted to maintain optimal body condition. Body composition was assessed at the age of 26 and 52 weeks for both breeds and at the age of 78 weeks for the LAB breed only using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The growth curves of the dogs followed a breed-specific pattern. However, data on energy intake showed considerable variability between the two breeds as well as when compared with predicted energy intake. In conclusion, the data show that energy intakes of puppies particularly during early growth are highly variable; however, the growth pattern and body composition of the LAB and MS breeds are not affected by the intake of vitamin A at levels up to 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal).
KW  - Dog growth
KW  - Vitamin A
KW  - Body composition
KW  - Energy intake
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514000543
SN  - 0007-1145
SN  - 1475-2662
VL  - 111
IS  - 12
SP  - 2104
EP  - 2111
PB  - Cambridge Univ. Press
CY  - Cambridge
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Brenten, Thomas
A1  - Morris, Penelope J.
A1  - Salt, Carina
A1  - Raila, Jens
A1  - Kohn, Barbara
A1  - Brunnberg, Leo
A1  - Schweigert, Florian J.
A1  - Zentek, Jürgen
T1  - Energy intake, growth rate and body composition of young Labrador Retrievers and Miniature Schnauzers fed different dietary levels of vitamin A
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Research in rodents has shown that dietary vitamin A reduces body fat by enhancing fat mobilisation and energy utilisation; however, their effects in growing dogs remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the development of body weight and body composition and compared observed energy intake with predicted energy intake in forty-nine puppies from two breeds (twenty-four Labrador Retriever (LAB) and twenty-five Miniature Schnauzer (MS)). A total of four different diets with increasing vitamin A content between 5.24 and 104.80 mu mol retinol (5000-100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) metabolisable energy were fed from the age of 8 weeks up to 52 (MS) and 78 weeks (LAB). The daily energy intake was recorded throughout the experimental period. The body condition score was evaluated weekly using a seven-category system, and food allowances were adjusted to maintain optimal body condition. Body composition was assessed at the age of 26 and 52 weeks for both breeds and at the age of 78 weeks for the LAB breed only using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The growth curves of the dogs followed a breed-specific pattern. However, data on energy intake showed considerable variability between the two breeds as well as when compared with predicted energy intake. In conclusion, the data show that energy intakes of puppies particularly during early growth are highly variable; however, the growth pattern and body composition of the LAB and MS breeds are not affected by the intake of vitamin A at levels up to 104.80 mu mol retinol (100 000 IU vitamin A)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal).
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 603 
KW  - dog growth
KW  - vitamin A
KW  - body composition
KW  - energy intake
Y1  - 2019
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-415681
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 603
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Takouna, Ibrahim
T1  - Energy-efficient and performance-aware virtual machine management for cloud data centers
T1  - Energieeffizientes und performancebewusstes Management virtueller Maschinen für Cloud Datenzentren
N2  - Virtualisierte Cloud Datenzentren stellen nach Bedarf Ressourcen zur Verfügu-ng, ermöglichen agile Ressourcenbereitstellung und beherbergen heterogene Applikationen mit verschiedenen Anforderungen an Ressourcen. Solche Datenzentren verbrauchen enorme Mengen an Energie, was die Erhöhung der Betriebskosten, der Wärme innerhalb der Zentren und des Kohlendioxidausstoßes verursacht. Der Anstieg des Energieverbrauches kann durch ein ineffektives Ressourcenmanagement, das die ineffiziente Ressourcenausnutzung verursacht, entstehen. Die vorliegende Dissertation stellt detaillierte Modelle und neue Verfahren für virtualisiertes Ressourcenmanagement in Cloud Datenzentren vor. Die vorgestellten Verfahren ziehen das Service-Level-Agreement (SLA) und die Heterogenität der Auslastung bezüglich des Bedarfs an Speicherzugriffen und Kommunikationsmustern von Web- und HPC- (High Performance Computing) Applikationen in Betracht. Um die präsentierten Techniken zu evaluieren, verwenden wir Simulationen und echte Protokollierung der Auslastungen von Web- und HPC- Applikationen. Außerdem vergleichen wir unser Techniken und Verfahren mit anderen aktuellen Verfahren durch die Anwendung von verschiedenen Performance Metriken. Die Hauptbeiträge dieser Dissertation sind Folgendes: Ein Proaktives auf robuster Optimierung basierendes Ressourcenbereitstellungsverfahren. Dieses Verfahren erhöht die Fähigkeit der Hostes zur Verfüg-ungsstellung von mehr VMs. Gleichzeitig aber wird der unnötige Energieverbrauch minimiert. Zusätzlich mindert diese Technik unerwünschte Ände-rungen im Energiezustand des Servers. Die vorgestellte Technik nutzt einen auf Intervall basierenden Vorhersagealgorithmus zur Implementierung einer robusten Optimierung. Dabei werden unsichere Anforderungen in Betracht gezogen. Ein adaptives und auf Intervall basierendes Verfahren zur Vorhersage des Arbeitsaufkommens mit hohen, in kürzer Zeit auftretenden Schwankungen. Die Intervall basierende Vorhersage ist implementiert in der Standard Abweichung Variante und in der Median absoluter Abweichung Variante. Die Intervall-Änderungen basieren auf einem adaptiven Vertrauensfenster um die Schwankungen des Arbeitsaufkommens zu bewältigen. Eine robuste VM Zusammenlegung für ein effizientes Energie und Performance Management. Dies ermöglicht die gegenseitige Abhängigkeit zwischen der Energie und der Performance zu minimieren. Unser Verfahren reduziert die Anzahl der VM-Migrationen im Vergleich mit den neu vor kurzem vorgestellten Verfahren. Dies trägt auch zur Reduzierung des durch das Netzwerk verursachten Energieverbrauches. Außerdem reduziert dieses Verfahren SLA-Verletzungen und die Anzahl von Änderungen an Energiezus-tänden. Ein generisches Modell für das Netzwerk eines Datenzentrums um die verzö-gerte Kommunikation und ihre Auswirkung auf die VM Performance und auf die Netzwerkenergie zu simulieren. Außerdem wird ein generisches Modell für ein Memory-Bus des Servers vorgestellt. Dieses Modell beinhaltet auch Modelle für die Latenzzeit und den Energieverbrauch für verschiedene Memory Frequenzen. Dies erlaubt eine Simulation der Memory Verzögerung und ihre Auswirkung auf die VM-Performance und auf den Memory Energieverbrauch. Kommunikation bewusste und Energie effiziente Zusammenlegung für parallele Applikationen um die dynamische Entdeckung von Kommunikationsmustern und das Umplanen von VMs zu ermöglichen. Das Umplanen von VMs benutzt eine auf den entdeckten Kommunikationsmustern basierende Migration. Eine neue Technik zur Entdeckung von dynamischen Mustern ist implementiert. Sie basiert auf der Signal Verarbeitung des Netzwerks von VMs, anstatt die Informationen des virtuellen Umstellung der Hosts oder der Initiierung der VMs zu nutzen. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass unsere Methode die durchschnittliche Anwendung des Netzwerks reduziert und aufgrund der Reduzierung der aktiven Umstellungen Energie gespart. Außerdem bietet sie eine bessere VM Performance im Vergleich zu der CPU-basierten Platzierung. Memory bewusste VM Zusammenlegung für unabhängige VMs. Sie nutzt die Vielfalt des VMs Memory Zuganges um die Anwendung vom Memory-Bus der Hosts zu balancieren. Die vorgestellte Technik, Memory-Bus Load Balancing (MLB), verteilt die VMs reaktiv neu im Bezug auf ihre Anwendung vom Memory-Bus. Sie nutzt die VM Migration um die Performance des gesamtem Systems zu verbessern. Außerdem sind die dynamische Spannung, die Frequenz Skalierung des Memory und die MLB Methode kombiniert um ein besseres Energiesparen zu leisten.
N2  - Virtualized cloud data centers provide on-demand resources, enable agile resource provisioning, and host heterogeneous applications with different resource requirements. These data centers consume enormous amounts of energy, increasing operational expenses, inducing high thermal inside data centers, and raising carbon dioxide emissions. The increase in energy consumption can result from ineffective resource management that causes inefficient resource utilization. This dissertation presents detailed models and novel techniques and algorithms for virtual resource management in cloud data centers. The proposed techniques take into account Service Level Agreements (SLAs) and workload heterogeneity in terms of memory access demand and communication patterns of web applications and High Performance Computing (HPC) applications. To evaluate our proposed techniques, we use simulation and real workload traces of web applications and HPC applications and compare our techniques against the other recently proposed techniques using several performance metrics. The major contributions of this dissertation are the following: proactive resource provisioning technique based on robust optimization to increase the hosts' availability for hosting new VMs while minimizing the idle energy consumption. Additionally, this technique mitigates undesirable changes in the power state of the hosts by which the hosts' reliability can be enhanced in avoiding failure during a power state change. The proposed technique exploits the range-based prediction algorithm for implementing robust optimization, taking into consideration the uncertainty of demand. An adaptive range-based prediction for predicting workload with high fluctuations in the short-term. The range prediction is implemented in two ways: standard deviation and median absolute deviation. The range is changed based on an adaptive confidence window to cope with the workload fluctuations. A robust VM consolidation for efficient energy and performance management to achieve equilibrium between energy and performance trade-offs. Our technique reduces the number of VM migrations compared to recently proposed techniques. This also contributes to a reduction in energy consumption by the network infrastructure. Additionally, our technique reduces SLA violations and the number of power state changes. A generic model for the network of a data center to simulate the communication delay and its impact on VM performance, as well as network energy consumption. In addition, a generic model for a memory-bus of a server, including latency and energy consumption models for different memory frequencies. This allows simulating the memory delay and its influence on VM performance, as well as memory energy consumption. Communication-aware and energy-efficient consolidation for parallel applications to enable the dynamic discovery of communication patterns and reschedule VMs using migration based on the determined communication patterns. A novel dynamic pattern discovery technique is implemented, based on signal processing of network utilization of VMs instead of using the information from the hosts' virtual switches or initiation from VMs. The result shows that our proposed approach reduces the network's average utilization, achieves energy savings due to reducing the number of active switches, and provides better VM performance compared to CPU-based placement. Memory-aware VM consolidation for independent VMs, which exploits the diversity of VMs' memory access to balance memory-bus utilization of hosts. The proposed technique, Memory-bus Load Balancing (MLB), reactively redistributes VMs according to their utilization of a memory-bus using VM migration to improve the performance of the overall system. Furthermore, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) of the memory and the proposed MLB technique are combined to achieve better energy savings.
KW  - Energieeffizienz
KW  - Cloud Datenzentren
KW  - Ressourcenmanagement
KW  - dynamische Umsortierung
KW  - energy efficiency
KW  - cloud datacenter
KW  - resource management
KW  - dynamic consolidation
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-72399
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goerg, Christoph
A1  - Spangenberg, Joachim H.
A1  - Tekken, Vera
A1  - Burkhard, Benjamin
A1  - Da Thanh Truong, 
A1  - Escalada, Monina
A1  - Heong, Kong Luen
A1  - Arida, Gertrudo
A1  - Marquez, Leonardo V.
A1  - Bustamante, Jesus Victor
A1  - Ho Van Chien, 
A1  - Klotzbuecher, Thimo
A1  - Marxen, Anika
A1  - Nguyen Hung Man, 
A1  - Nguyen Van Sinh, 
A1  - Villareal, Sylvia (Bong)
A1  - Settele, Josef
T1  - Engaging local knowledge in biodiversity research: experiences from large inter- and transdisciplinary projects
JF  - Interdisciplinary science reviews
N2  - The management of biodiversity represents a research topic that needs to involve not only several (sub-) disciplines from the natural sciences but, in particular, also the social sciences and humanities. Furthermore, over the last couple of years, the need for the integration of other kinds of knowledge (experience based or indigenous knowledge) is increasingly acknowledged. For instance, the incorporation of such knowledge is indispensable for place-based approaches to sustainable land management, which require that the specific ecological and social context is addressed. However, desirable as it may be, such an engagement of the holders of tacit knowledge is not easy to achieve. It demands reconciling well-established scientific procedural standards with the implicit or explicit criteria of relevance that apply in civil society a process that typically causes severe tensions and comes up against both habitual as well as institutional constraints. The difficulty of managing such tensions is amplified particularly in large integrated projects and represents a major challenge to project management. At the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, several integrated research projects have been conducted over the past years in which experience has been gained with these specific challenges. This paper presents some of the lessons learned from large integrated projects, with an emphasis on project design and management structure. At the centre of the present contribution are experiences gained in the coordination and management of LEGATO (LEGATO stands for Land-use intensity and Ecological EnGineering - Assessment Tools for risks and Opportunities in irrigated rice based production systems, see www.legato-project.net), an ongoing, large-scale, inter- and transdisciplinary research project dealing with the management of irrigated rice landscapes in Southeast Asia. In this project, local expertise on traditional production systems is absolutely crucial but needs to be integrated with natural and social science research to identify future-proof land management systems.
KW  - inter- and transdisciplinarity
KW  - biodiversity and ecosystem services
KW  - stakeholder participation
KW  - knowledge integration
KW  - project coordination
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1179/0308018814Z.00000000095
SN  - 0308-0188
SN  - 1743-2790
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
SP  - 323
EP  - 341
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Leeds
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Attermeyer, Katrin
A1  - Hornick, T.
A1  - Kayler, Zachary
A1  - Bahr, A.
A1  - Zwirnmann, E.
A1  - Grossart, Hans-Peter
A1  - Premke, K.
T1  - Enhanced bacterial decomposition with increasing addition of autochthonous to allochthonous carbon without any effect on bacterial community composition
JF  - Biogeosciences
N2  - Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations - mainly of terrestrial origin - are increasing worldwide in inland waters. Heterotrophic bacteria are the main consumers of DOC and thus determine DOC temporal dynamics and availability for higher trophic levels. Our aim was to study bacterial carbon (C) turnover with respect to DOC quantity and chemical quality using both allochthonous and autochthonous DOC sources. We incubated a natural bacterial community with allochthonous C (C-13-labeled beech leachate) and increased concentrations and pulses (intermittent occurrence of organic matter input) of autochthonous C (phytoplankton lysate). We then determined bacterial C consumption, activities, and community composition together with the C flow through bacteria using stable C isotopes. The chemical analysis of single sources revealed differences in aromaticity and low-and high-molecular-weight substance fractions (LMWS and HMWS, respectively) between allochthonous and autochthonous C sources. Both DOC sources (allochthonous and autochthonous DOC) were metabolized at a high bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) around 50%. In treatments with mixed sources, rising concentrations of added autochthonous DOC resulted in a further, significant increase in bacterial DOC consumption of up to 68% when nutrients were not limiting. This rise was accompanied by a decrease in the humic substance (HS) fraction and an increase in bacterial biomass. Changes in DOC concentration and consumption in mixed treatments did not affect bacterial community composition (BCC), but BCC differed in single vs. mixed incubations. Our study highlights that DOC quantity affects bacterial C consumption but not BCC in nutrient-rich aquatic systems. BCC shifted when a mixture of allochthonous and autochthonous C was provided simultaneously to the bacterial community. Our results indicate that chemical quality rather than source of DOC per se (allochthonous vs. autochthonous) determines bacterial DOC turnover.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-1479-2014
SN  - 1726-4170
SN  - 1726-4189
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1489
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lischke, Betty
A1  - Hilt, Sabine
A1  - Janse, Jan H.
A1  - Kuiper, Jan J.
A1  - Mehner, Thomas
A1  - Mooij, Wolf M.
A1  - Gaedke, Ursula
T1  - Enhanced input of terrestrial particulate organic matter reduces the resilience of the clear-water state of shallow lakes: A model study
JF  - Ecosystems
N2  - The amount of terrestrial particulate organic matter (t-POM) entering lakes is predicted to increase as a result of climate change. This may especially alter the structure and functioning of ecosystems in small, shallow lakes which can rapidly shift from a clear-water, macrophyte-dominated into a turbid, phytoplankton-dominated state. We used the integrative ecosystem model PCLake to predict how rising t-POM inputs affect the resilience of the clear-water state. PCLake links a pelagic and benthic food chain with abiotic components by a number of direct and indirect effects. We focused on three pathways (zoobenthos, zooplankton, light availability) by which elevated t-POM inputs (with and without additional nutrients) may modify the critical nutrient loading thresholds at which a clear-water lake becomes turbid and vice versa. Our model results show that (1) increased zoobenthos biomass due to the enhanced food availability results in more benthivorous fish which reduce light availability due to bioturbation, (2) zooplankton biomass does not change, but suspended t-POM reduces the consumption of autochthonous particulate organic matter which increases the turbidity, and (3) the suspended t-POM reduces the light availability for submerged macrophytes. Therefore, light availability is the key process that is indirectly or directly changed by t-POM input. This strikingly resembles the deteriorating effect of terrestrial dissolved organic matter on the light climate of lakes. In all scenarios, the resilience of the clear-water state is reduced thus making the turbid state more likely at a given nutrient loading. Therefore, our study suggests that rising t-POM input can add to the effects of climate warming making reductions in nutrient loadings even more urgent.
KW  - climate change
KW  - PCLake
KW  - bistability
KW  - alternative stable states
KW  - critical nutrient loading
KW  - ecosystem modeling
KW  - allochthony
KW  - t-POM
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-014-9747-7
SN  - 1432-9840
SN  - 1435-0629
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
SP  - 616
EP  - 626
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schatz, Juliane
A1  - Freuling, Conrad Martin
A1  - Auer, Ernst
A1  - Goharriz, Hooman
A1  - Harbusch, Christine
A1  - Johnson, Nicholas
A1  - Kaipf, Ingrid
A1  - Mettenleiter, Thomas Christoph
A1  - Muehldorder, Kristin
A1  - Muehle, Ralf-Udo
A1  - Ohlendorf, Bernd
A1  - Pott-Dörfer, Bärbel
A1  - Prueger, Julia
A1  - Ali, Hanan Sheikh
A1  - Stiefel, Dagmar
A1  - Teubner, Jens
A1  - Ulrich, Rainer Günter
A1  - Wibbelt, Gudrun
A1  - Müller, Thomas
T1  - Enhanced passive bat rabies surveillance in indigenous bat species from Germany - A retrospective study
JF  - PLoS neglected tropical diseases
N2  - In Germany, rabies in bats is a notifiable zoonotic disease, which is caused by European bat lyssaviruses type 1 and 2 (EBLV-1 and 2), and the recently discovered new lyssavirus species Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV). As the understanding of bat rabies in insectivorous bat species is limited, in addition to routine bat rabies diagnosis, an enhanced passive surveillance study, i.e. the retrospective investigation of dead bats that had not been tested for rabies, was initiated in 1998 to study the distribution, abundance and epidemiology of lyssavirus infections in bats from Germany. A total number of 5478 individuals representing 21 bat species within two families were included in this study. The Noctule bat (Nyctalus noctula) and the Common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) represented the most specimens submitted. Of all investigated bats, 1.17% tested positive for lyssaviruses using the fluorescent antibody test (FAT). The vast majority of positive cases was identified as EBLV-1, predominately associated with the Serotine bat (Eptesicus serotinus). However, rabies cases in other species, i.e. Nathusius' pipistrelle bat (Pipistrellus nathusii), P. pipistrellus and Brown long-eared bat (Plecotus auritus) were also characterized as EBLV-1. In contrast, EBLV-2 was isolated from three Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii). These three cases contribute significantly to the understanding of EBLV-2 infections in Germany as only one case had been reported prior to this study. This enhanced passive surveillance indicated that besides known reservoir species, further bat species are affected by lyssavirus infections. Given the increasing diversity of lyssaviruses and bats as reservoir host species worldwide, lyssavirus positive specimens, i.e. both bat and virus need to be confirmed by molecular techniques.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002835
SN  - 1935-2735
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pikovskij, Arkadij
A1  - Gupta, Shamik
A1  - Teles, Tarcisio N.
A1  - Benetti, Fernanda P. C.
A1  - Pakter, Renato
A1  - Levin, Yan
A1  - Ruffo, Stefano
T1  - Ensemble inequivalence in a mean-field XY model with ferromagnetic and nematic couplings
JF  - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics
N2  - We explore ensemble inequivalence in long-range interacting systems by studying an XY model of classical spinswith ferromagnetic and nematic coupling. We demonstrate the inequivalence bymapping themicrocanonical phase diagram onto the canonical one, and also by doing the inverse mapping. We show that the equilibrium phase diagrams within the two ensembles strongly disagree within the regions of first-order transitions, exhibiting interesting features like temperature jumps. In particular, we discuss the coexistence and forbidden regions of different macroscopic states in both the phase diagrams.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.90.062141
SN  - 1539-3755
SN  - 1550-2376
VL  - 90
IS  - 6
PB  - American Physical Society
CY  - College Park
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Amezcua, Javier
A1  - Ide, Kayo
A1  - Kalnay, Eugenia
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
T1  - Ensemble transform Kalman-Bucy filters
JF  - Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
N2  - Two recent works have adapted the Kalman-Bucy filter into an ensemble setting. In the first formulation, the ensemble of perturbations is updated by the solution of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) in pseudo-time, while the mean is updated as in the standard Kalman filter. In the second formulation, the full ensemble is updated in the analysis step as the solution of single set of ODEs in pseudo-time. Neither requires matrix inversions except for the frequently diagonal observation error covariance.
 We analyse the behaviour of the ODEs involved in these formulations. We demonstrate that they stiffen for large magnitudes of the ratio of background error to observational error variance, and that using the integration scheme proposed in both formulations can lead to failure. A numerical integration scheme that is both stable and is not computationally expensive is proposed. We develop transform-based alternatives for these Bucy-type approaches so that the integrations are computed in ensemble space where the variables are weights (of dimension equal to the ensemble size) rather than model variables.
 Finally, the performance of our ensemble transform Kalman-Bucy implementations is evaluated using three models: the 3-variable Lorenz 1963 model, the 40-variable Lorenz 1996 model, and a medium complexity atmospheric general circulation model known as SPEEDY. The results from all three models are encouraging and warrant further exploration of these assimilation techniques.
KW  - Kalman-Bucy Filter
KW  - Ensemble Kalman Filter
KW  - stiff ODE
KW  - weight-based formulations
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.2186
SN  - 0035-9009
SN  - 1477-870X
VL  - 140
IS  - 680
SP  - 995
EP  - 1004
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Hustedt, Thurid
A1  - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg
T1  - Ensuring political responsiveness
BT  - politicization mechanisms in ministerial bureaucracies
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Although politicization is a perennial research topic in public administration to investigate relationships between ministers and civil servants, the concept still lacks clarification. This article contributes to this literature by systematically identifying different conceptualizations of politicization and suggests a typology including three politicization mechanisms to strengthen the political responsiveness of the ministerial bureaucracy: formal, functional and administrative politicization. The typology is empirically validated through a comparative case analysis of politicization mechanisms in Germany, Belgium, the UK and Denmark. The empirical analysis further refines the general idea of Western democracies becoming ‘simply’ more politicized, by illustrating how some politicization mechanisms do not continue to increase, but stabilize – at least for the time being.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 387 
KW  - central administration
KW  - ministers and civil servants
KW  - political advisers
KW  - political responsiveness
KW  - politicization
KW  - public administration
Y1  - 2018
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404117
IS  - 387
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hustedt, Thurid
A1  - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg
T1  - Ensuring political responsiveness: politicization mechanisms in ministerial bureaucracies
JF  - International review of administrative sciences : an international journal of comparative public administration
KW  - central administration
KW  - ministers and civil servants
KW  - political advisers
KW  - political responsiveness
KW  - politicization
KW  - public administration
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0020852314533449
SN  - 0020-8523
SN  - 1461-7226
VL  - 80
IS  - 4
SP  - 746
EP  - 765
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Krüger, Jens
T1  - Enterprise-specific in-memory data managment : HYRISEc - an in-memory column store engine for OLXP
Y1  - 2014
PB  - Hasso-Plattner-Insitut
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Eggers, Ute
T1  - Environmental impacts on white stork (Ciconia ciconia) breeding success
BT  - a long-term study with a focus on effects of weather conditions at the breeding grounds
Y1  - 2014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Dolgener, N.
A1  - Freudenberger, L.
A1  - Schluck, M.
A1  - Schneeweiss, N.
A1  - Ibisch, P. L.
A1  - Tiedemann, Ralph
T1  - Environmental niche factor analysis (ENFA) relates environmental parameters to abundance and genetic diversity in an endangered amphibian, the fire-bellied-toad (Bombina bombina)
JF  - Conservation genetics
N2  - Increasing attempts are made to understand the factors responsible for both the demographic and genetic depletion in amphibian populations. Landscape genetics aims at a spatially explicit correlation of genetic population parameters to landscape features. Using data from the endangered fire-bellied toad Bombina bombina in Brandenburg (Northeastern Germany), we performed an environmental niche factor analysis (ENFA), relating demographic (abundance) and genetic (diversity at 17 microsatellite loci and partial sequences of the mitochondrial control region in 434 individuals from 16 populations) parameters to ecological and anthropogenic variables such as temperature, precipitation, soil wetness, water runoff, vegetation density, and road/traffic impact. We found significant correlations between road disturbance and observed heterozygosity and between soil wetness and mitochondrial diversity. As the influences of the environmental variables can differ between different indicators for genetic diversity, population size and abundance data, our ENFA-based landscape genetics approach allows us to put various aspects of long- versus short term effective population size and genetic connectivity into an ecological and spatially explicit context, enabling potentially even forecast assessment under future environmental scenarios.
KW  - Distribution modelling
KW  - ENFA
KW  - Genetic diversity
KW  - Fire-bellied toad
KW  - Landscape genetics
KW  - Road disturbance
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10592-013-0517-4
SN  - 1566-0621
SN  - 1572-9737
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 11
EP  - 21
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Serno, Sascha
A1  - Winckler, Gisela
A1  - Anderson, Robert F.
A1  - Hayes, Christopher T.
A1  - McGee, David
A1  - Machalett, Bjoern
A1  - Ren, Haojia
A1  - Straub, Susanne M.
A1  - Gersonde, Rainer
A1  - Haug, Gerald H.
T1  - Eolian dust input to the Subarctic North Pacific
JF  - Earth & planetary science letters
N2  - Eolian dust is a significant source of iron and other nutrients that are essential for the health of marine ecosystems and potentially a controlling factor of the high nutrient-low chlorophyll status of the Subarctic North Pacific. We map the spatial distribution of dust input using three different geochemical tracers of eolian dust, He-4, Th-232 and rare earth elements, in combination with grain size distribution data, from a set of core-top sediments covering the entire Subarctic North Pacific. Using the suite of geochemical proxies to fingerprint different lithogenic components, we deconvolve eolian dust input from other lithogenic inputs such as volcanic ash, ice-rafted debris, riverine and hemipelagic input. While the open ocean sites far away from the volcanic arcs are dominantly composed of pure eolian dust, lithogenic components other than eolian dust play a more crucial role along the arcs. In sites dominated by dust, eolian dust input appears to be characterized by a nearly uniform grain size mode at similar to 4 mu m.
 Applying the Th-230-normalization technique, our proxies yield a consistent pattern of uniform dust fluxes of 1-2 g/m(2)/yr across the Subarctic North Pacific. Elevated eolian dust fluxes of 2-4 g/m(2)/yr characterize the westernmost region off Japan and the southern Kurile Islands south of 45 degrees N and west of 165 degrees E along the main pathway of the westerly winds. The core-top based dust flux reconstruction is consistent with recent estimates based on dissolved thorium isotope concentrations in seawater from the Subarctic North Pacific. The dust flux pattern compares well with state-of-the-art dust model predictions in the western and central Subarctic North Pacific, but we find that dust fluxes are higher than modeled fluxes by 0.5-1 g/m(2)/yr in the northwest, northeast and eastern Subarctic North Pacific. Our results provide an important benchmark for biogeochemical models and a robust approach for downcore studies testing dust-induced iron fertilization of past changes in biological productivity in the Subarctic North Pacific.
KW  - eolian dust
KW  - Subarctic North Pacific
KW  - INOPEX
KW  - helium-4
KW  - Th-232
KW  - REE
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.008
SN  - 0012-821X
SN  - 1385-013X
VL  - 387
SP  - 252
EP  - 263
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schulze, Kiowa Alraune
A1  - Buchwald, Rainer
A1  - Heinken, Thilo
T1  - Epizoochory via the hooves - the European bison (Bison bonasus L.) as a dispersal agent of seeds in an open-forest-mosaic
JF  - Tuexenia : Mitteilungen der Floristisch-Soziologischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft
N2  - Large herbivores are significant vectors for the long-distance dispersal of seeds in various habitats, both attached to animals (epizoochory) and via gut passage (endozoochory). The majority of studies on epizoochory have examined dispersal in the fur of domesticated ungulates. Studies on wild ungulates are important to understand dispersal processes in many habitats, but rare due to methodological constraints. We studied epizoochory of seeds by European bison in an open-forest-mosaic (nutrient-poor grassland and heathland, mixed forest) in NW Germany, where bison had been introduced for the purpose of nature conservation. At the study site it was possible to apply a method by which hoof material of free-ranging bison was non-invasively collected. We identified a total of 1082 seeds from 32 plant species in the hoof material. The three most abundant species were Polygonum aviculare, Agrostis capillaris and Betula spp. Seed species originated from various habitat types of the study area, while the majority of seeds derived from trampled areas. Compared to the non-dispersed plant species of the study area, dispersed plant species had a higher seed longevity index, suggesting that many seeds were picked up from the soil seed bank. Epizoochory ranking indices of dispersed seed species, classifying the importance of epizoochory, revealed that transport in the fur may be of minor importance for many species, i.e. epizoochory by the hooves turned out to be negatively correlated to epizoochory in the fur. We conclude that European bison disperses a considerable number of seed species through trampling. Further research should consider epizoochory via the hooves and include integrative approaches to understand the different dispersal mechanisms by ungulates and their long-term synergetic effect on plant communities.
KW  - diaspore
KW  - external dispersal
KW  - large ungulate
KW  - secondary seed dispersal
KW  - trampling
Y1  - 2014
SN  - 0722-494X
IS  - 34
SP  - 131
EP  - 144
PB  - Floristisch-Soziologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kabelitz, Tina
A1  - Kappel, Christian
A1  - Henneberger, Kirstin
A1  - Benke, Eileen
A1  - Noeh, Christiane
A1  - Bäurle, Isabel
T1  - eQTL mapping of transposon silencing reveals a position-dependent stable escape from epigenetic silencing and transposition of AtMu1 in thee arabidopsis lineage
JF  - The plant cell
N2  - Transposons are massively abundant in all eukaryotic genomes and are suppressed by epigenetic silencing. Transposon activity contributes to the evolution of species; however, it is unclear how much transposition-induced variation exists at a smaller scale and how transposons are targeted for silencing. Here, we exploited differential silencing of the AtMu1c transposon in the Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Columbia (Col) and Landsberg erecta (Ler). The difference persisted in hybrids and recombinant inbred lines and was mapped to a single expression quantitative trait locus within a 20-kb interval. In Ler only, this interval contained a previously unidentified copy of AtMu1c, which was inserted at the 39 end of a protein-coding gene and showed features of expressed genes. By contrast, AtMu1c(Col) was intergenic and associated with heterochromatic features. Furthermore, we identified widespread natural AtMu1c transposition from the analysis of over 200 accessions, which was not evident from alignments to the reference genome. AtMu1c expression was highest for insertions within 39 untranslated regions, suggesting that this location provides protection from silencing. Taken together, our results provide a species-wide view of the activity of one transposable element at unprecedented resolution, showing that AtMu1c transposed in the Arabidopsis lineage and that transposons can escape epigenetic silencing by inserting into specific genomic locations, such as the 3' end of genes.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.114.128512
SN  - 1040-4651
SN  - 1532-298X
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
SP  - 3261
EP  - 3271
PB  - American Society of Plant Physiologists
CY  - Rockville
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gold, Anna
A1  - Gronewold, Ulfert
A1  - Salterio, Steven E.
T1  - Error management in audit firms: error climate, type, and originator
JF  - The accounting review : a journal of the American Accounting Association
KW  - error discovery
KW  - working paper review
KW  - error reporting
KW  - error management
KW  - climate
KW  - audit quality
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-50592
SN  - 0001-4826
SN  - 1558-7967
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
SP  - 303
EP  - 330
PB  - American Accounting Association
CY  - Sarasota
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pereira, Fernanda S.
A1  - Nascimento, Heliara D. L.
A1  - Magalhaes, Alvicler
A1  - Peter, Martin G.
A1  - Bataglion, Giovana Anceski
A1  - Eberlin, Marcos N.
A1  - Gonzalez, Eduardo R. P.
T1  - ESI(+)-MS and GC-MS study of the hydrolysis of N-azobenzyl derivatives of chitosan
JF  - Molecules
N2  - New N-p-chloro-, N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzylchitosan derivatives, as well as the corresponding azophenyl and azophenyl-p-sulfonic acids, were synthesized by coupling N-benzylvchitosan with aryl diazonium salts. The synthesized molecules were analyzed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, H-1-NMR and N-15-NMR spectroscopy. The capacity of copper chelation by these materials was studied by AAS. Chitosan and the derivatives were subjected to hydrolysis and the products were analyzed by ESI(+)-MS and GC-MS, confirming the formation of N-benzyl chitosan. Furthermore, the MS results indicate that a nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SnAr) reaction occurs under hydrolysis conditions, yielding chloroaniline from N-p-bromo-, and N-p-nitrophenylazo-benzylchitosan as well as bromoaniline from N-p-chloro-, and N-p-nitrophenylazobenzyl-chitosan.
KW  - chitosan
KW  - N-azobenzylchitosan
KW  - ESI-MS
KW  - GC-MS
KW  - SnAr reaction
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191117604
SN  - 1420-3049
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
SP  - 17604
EP  - 17618
PB  - MDPI
CY  - Basel
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Thieken, Annegret
A1  - Cammerer, Holger
A1  - Dobler, Christian
A1  - Lammel, Johannes
A1  - Schöberl, Fritz
T1  - Estimating changes in flood risks and benefits of non-structural adaptation strategies
BT  - a case study from Tyrol, Austria
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Flood damage has increased significantly and is expected to rise further in many parts of the world. For assessing potential changes in flood risk, this paper presents an integrated model chain quantifying flood hazards and losses while considering climate and land use changes. In the case study region, risk estimates for the present and the near future illustrate that changes in flood risk by 2030 are relatively low compared to historic periods. While the impact of climate change on the flood hazard and risk by 2030 is slight or negligible, strong urbanisation associated with economic growth contributes to a remarkable increase in flood risk. Therefore, it is recommended to frequently consider land use scenarios and economic developments when assessing future flood risks. Further, an adapted and sustainable risk management is necessary to encounter rising flood losses, in which non-structural measures are becoming more and more important. The case study demonstrates that adaptation by non-structural measures such as stricter land use regulations or enhancement of private precaution is capable of reducing flood risk by around 30 %. Ignoring flood risks, in contrast, always leads to further increasing losses-with our assumptions by 17 %. These findings underline that private precaution and land use regulation could be taken into account as low cost adaptation strategies to global climate change in many flood prone areas. Since such measures reduce flood risk regardless of climate or land use changes, they can also be recommended as no-regret measures.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 910 
KW  - flood risk
KW  - scenarios
KW  - adaptation to climate change
KW  - hazard
KW  - vulnerability
KW  - lech catchment
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-432282
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 910
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gopalakrishnan, Sathej
A1  - Montazeri, Hesam
A1  - Menz, Stephan
A1  - Beerenwinkel, Niko
A1  - Huisinga, Wilhelm
T1  - Estimating HIV-1 fitness characteristics from cross-sectional genotype data
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Despite the success of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the management of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection, virological failure due to drug resistance development remains a major challenge. Resistant mutants display reduced drug susceptibilities, but in the absence of drug, they generally have a lower fitness than the wild type, owing to a mutation-incurred cost. The interaction between these fitness costs and drug resistance dictates the appearance of mutants and influences viral suppression and therapeutic success. Assessing in vivo viral fitness is a challenging task and yet one that has significant clinical relevance. Here, we present a new computational modelling approach for estimating viral fitness that relies on common sparse cross-sectional clinical data by combining statistical approaches to learn drug-specific mutational pathways and resistance factors with viral dynamics models to represent the host-virus interaction and actions of drug mechanistically. We estimate in vivo fitness characteristics of mutant genotypes for two antiretroviral drugs, the reverse transcriptase inhibitor zidovudine (ZDV) and the protease inhibitor indinavir (IDV). Well-known features of HIV-1 fitness landscapes are recovered, both in the absence and presence of drugs. We quantify the complex interplay between fitness costs and resistance by computing selective advantages for different mutants. Our approach extends naturally to multiple drugs and we illustrate this by simulating a dual therapy with ZDV and IDV to assess therapy failure. The combined statistical and dynamical modelling approach may help in dissecting the effects of fitness costs and resistance with the ultimate aim of assisting the choice of salvage therapies after treatment failure.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003886
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meyer, Nele Kristin
A1  - Schwanghart, Wolfgang
A1  - Korup, Oliver
A1  - Romstad, Bard
A1  - Etzelmuller, Bernd
T1  - Estimating the topographic predictability of debris flows
JF  - Geomorphology : an international journal on pure and applied geomorphology
N2  - The Norwegian traffic network is impacted by about 2000 landslides, avalanches, and debris flows each year that incur high economic losses. Despite the urgent need to mitigate future losses, efforts to locate potential debris flow source areas have been rare at the regional scale. We tackle this research gap by exploring a minimal set of possible topographic predictors of debris flow initiation that we input to a Weights-of-Evidence (WofE) model for mapping the regional susceptibility to debris flows in western Norway. We use an inventory of 429 debris flows that were recorded between 1979 and 2008, and use the terrain variables of slope, total curvature, and contributing area (flow accumulation) to compute the posterior probabilities of local debris flow occurrence. The novelty of our approach is that we quantify the uncertainties in the WofE approach arising from different predictor classification schemes and data input, while estimating model accuracy and predictive performance from independent test data. Our results show that a percentile-based classification scheme excels over a manual classification of the predictor variables because differing abundances in manually defined bins reduce the reliability of the conditional independence tests, a key, and often neglected, prerequisite for the WofE method. The conditional dependence between total curvature and flow accumulation precludes their joint use in the model. Slope gradient has the highest true positive rate (88%), although the fraction of area classified as susceptible is very large (37%). The predictive performance, i.e. the reduction of false positives, is improved when combined with either total curvature or flow accumulation. Bootstrapping shows that the combination of slope and flow accumulation provides more reliable predictions than the combination of slope and total curvature, and helps refining the use of slope-area plots for identifying morphometric fingerprints of debris flow source areas, an approach used outside the field of landslide susceptibility assessments.
KW  - Weights-of-Evidence
KW  - Debris flows
KW  - Susceptibility
KW  - Slope-area plot
KW  - Process domains
KW  - Norway
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.10.030
SN  - 0169-555X
SN  - 1872-695X
VL  - 207
SP  - 114
EP  - 125
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fahle, Marcus
A1  - Dietrich, Ottfried
T1  - Estimation of evapotranspiration using diurnal groundwater level fluctuations: Comparison of different approaches with groundwater lysimeter data
JF  - Water resources research
N2  - In wetlands or riparian areas, water withdrawal by plants with access to groundwater or the capillary fringe often causes diurnal groundwater fluctuations. Various approaches use the characteristics of these fluctuations for estimation of daily groundwater evapotranspiration rates. The objective of this paper was to review the available methods, compare them with measured evapotranspiration and assess their recharge assumptions. For this purpose, we employed data of 85 rain-free days of a weighable groundwater lysimeter situated at a grassland site in the Spreewald wetland in north-east Germany. Measurements of hourly recharge and daily evapotranspiration rates were used to assess the different approaches. Our results showed that a maximum of 50% of the day to day variance of the daily evapotranspiration rates could be explained by the approaches based on groundwater fluctuations. Simple and more complex methods performed similarly. For some of the approaches, there were indications that erroneous assumptions compensated each other (e.g., when overestimated recharge counteracted underestimated storage change). We found that the usage of longer time spans resulted in improved estimates of the daily recharge rates and that the estimates were further enhanced by including two night averages. When derived from fitting estimates of recharge or evapotranspiration with according measurements the specific yield, needed to convert changes in water level to water volumes, differed considerably among the methods (from 0.022 to 0.064). Thus, the specific yield can be seen as correction factor that compensates for inadequate process descriptions.
KW  - evapotranspiration
KW  - groundwater lysimeter
KW  - specific yield
KW  - diurnal signal
KW  - phreatophytes
KW  - wetland
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/2013WR014472
SN  - 0043-1397
SN  - 1944-7973
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 273
EP  - 286
PB  - American Geophysical Union
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Heise, Robert
T1  - Estimation of photosynthetic carbon fluxes in intact plants
Y1  - 2014
PB  - Universitätsverlag Potsdam
CY  - Potsdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Goswami, Bedartha
A1  - Heitzig, Jobst
A1  - Rehfeld, Kira
A1  - Marwan, Norbert
A1  - Anoop, Ambili
A1  - Prasad, Sushma
A1  - Kurths, Jürgen
T1  - Estimation of sedimentary proxy records together with associated uncertainty
JF  - Nonlinear processes in geophysics
N2  - Sedimentary proxy records constitute a significant portion of the recorded evidence that allows us to investigate paleoclimatic conditions and variability. However, uncertainties in the dating of proxy archives limit our ability to fix the timing of past events and interpret proxy record intercomparisons. While there are various age-modeling approaches to improve the estimation of the age-depth relations of archives, relatively little focus has been placed on the propagation of the age (and radiocarbon calibration) uncertainties into the final proxy record.
 We present a generic Bayesian framework to estimate proxy records along with their associated uncertainty, starting with the radiometric age-depth and proxy-depth measurements, and a radiometric calibration curve if required. We provide analytical expressions for the posterior proxy probability distributions at any given calendar age, from which the expected proxy values and their uncertainty can be estimated. We illustrate our method using two synthetic data sets and then use it to construct the proxy records for groundwater inflow and surface erosion from Lonar lake in central India.
 Our analysis reveals interrelations between the uncertainty of the proxy record over time and the variance of proxies along the depth of the archive. For the Lonar lake proxies, we show that, rather than the age uncertainties, it is the proxy variance combined with calibration uncertainty that accounts for most of the final uncertainty. We represent the proxy records as probability distributions on a precise, error-free timescale that makes further time series analyses and intercomparisons of proxies relatively simple and clear. Our approach provides a coherent understanding of age uncertainties within sedimentary proxy records that involve radiometric dating. It can be potentially used within existing age modeling structures to bring forth a reliable and consistent framework for proxy record estimation.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-21-1093-2014
SN  - 1023-5809
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
SP  - 1093
EP  - 1111
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schiefer, David
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Ethnic identity and orientation to white American culture are linked to well-being among american indians-but in different ways
JF  - Social psychology
N2  - This study examined the relationship between ethnic identity, orientation toward the White mainstream culture, and psychological well-being among American Indians. In the light of the unique history of American Indians, we investigated the relationship between identification with the American Indian ingroup, orientation toward the dominant White American culture ( in terms of showing behavior typical for White mainstream culture as well as positive attitudes and feelings of belonging to White American culture), and self-efficacy and learned helplessness as indicators of psychological well-being. Structural equation analyses with an adolescent and an adult sample revealed a positive relationship between ethnic identity and self-efficacy but no link with learned helplessness. The tendency to show behavior typical for White mainstream culture was associated with higher self-efficacy in both samples and with lower helplessness in the adult subsample. White American orientation in the form of positive attitudes and sense of belonging were associated with higher helplessness in both samples and with lower self-efficacy among adults. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of both ethnic identity and the orientation toward the mainstream culture for well-being among American Indians, focusing on the distinct relations of White American behavior versus White American affiliation with well-being in American Indians.
KW  - American Indians
KW  - ethnic identity
KW  - acculturation
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000155
SN  - 1864-9335
SN  - 2151-2590
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Cywinski, Piotr J.
A1  - Hammann, Tommy
A1  - Huehn, Dominik
A1  - Parak, Wolfgang J.
A1  - Hildebrandt, Niko
A1  - Löhmannsröben, Hans-Gerd
T1  - Europium-quantum dot nanobioconjugates as luminescent probes for time-gated biosensing
JF  - Journal of biomedical optics
N2  - Nanobioconjugates have been synthesized using cadmium selenide quantum dots (QDs), europium complexes (EuCs), and biotin. In those conjugates, long-lived photoluminescence (PL) is provided by the europium complexes, which efficiently transfer energy via Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to the QDs in close spatial proximity. As a result, the conjugates have a PL emission spectrum characteristic for QDs combined with the long PL decay time characteristic for EuCs. The nanobioconjugates synthesis strategy and photo-physical properties are described as well as their performance in a time-resolved streptavidin-biotin PL assay. In order to prepare the QD-EuC-biotin conjugates, first an amphiphilic polymer has been functionalized with the EuC and biotin. Then, the polymer has been brought onto the surface of the QDs (either QD655 or QD705) to provide functionality and to make the QDs water dispersible. Due to a short distance between EuC and QD, an efficient FRET can be observed. Additionally, the QD-EuC-biotin conjugates' functionality has been demonstrated in a PL assay yielding good signal discrimination, both from autofluorescence and directly excited QDs. These newly designed QD-EuC-biotin conjugates expand the class of highly sensitive tools for bioanalytical optical detection methods for diagnostic and imaging applications. (C) 2014 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
KW  - quantum dots
KW  - europium complex
KW  - amphiphilic polymer assembly
KW  - nanobioconjugate
KW  - biosensor
KW  - time-resolved fluorescence
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.19.10.101506
SN  - 1083-3668
SN  - 1560-2281
VL  - 19
IS  - 10
PB  - SPIE
CY  - Bellingham
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kneis, David
A1  - Chatterjee, C.
A1  - Singh, R.
T1  - Evaluation of TRMM rainfall estimates over a large Indian river basin (Mahanadi)
JF  - Hydrology and earth system sciences : HESS
N2  - The paper examines the quality of satellite-abased precipitation estimates for the lower Mahanadi River basin (eastern India). The considered data sets known as 3B42 and 3B42-RT (version 7/7A) are routinely produced by the tropical rainfall measuring mission (TRMM) from passive microwave and infrared recordings. While the 3B42-RT data are disseminated in real time, the gauge-aadjusted 3B42 data set is published with a delay of some months. The quality of the two products was assessed in a two-astep procedure. First, the correspondence between the remotely sensed precipitation rates and rain gauge data was evaluated at the subbasin scale. Second, the quality of the rainfall estimates was assessed by analysing their performance in the context of rainfall-arunoff simulation.
 At sub-abasin level (4000 to 16 000 km(2)) the satellite-abased areal precipitation estimates were found to be moderately correlated with the gauge-abased counterparts (R-2 of 0.64-0.74 for 3B42 and 0.59-0.72 for 3B42-RT). Significant discrepancies between TRMM data and ground observations were identified at high-aintensity levels. The rainfall depth derived from rain gauge data is often not reflected by the TRMM estimates (hit rate < 0.6 for ground-abased intensities > 80 mm day(-1)). At the same time, the remotely sensed rainfall rates frequently exceed the gauge-abased equivalents (false alarm ratios of 0.2-0.6). In addition, the real-atime product 3B42-RT was found to suffer from a spatially consistent negative bias.
 Since the regionalisation of rain gauge data is potentially associated with a number of errors, the above results are subject to uncertainty. Hence, a validation against independent information, such as stream flow, was essential. In this case study, the outcome of rainfall-arunoff simulation experiments was consistent with the above-mentioned findings. The best fit between observed and simulated stream flow was obtained if rain gauge data were used as model input (Nash-Sutcliffe index of 0.76-0.88 at gauges not affected by reservoir operation). This compares to the values of 0.71-0.78 for the gauge-djusted TRMM 3B42 data and 0.65-0.77 for the 3B42-RT real-atime data. Whether the 3B42-RT data are useful in the context of operational runoff prediction in spite of the identified problems remains a question for further research.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-18-2493-2014
SN  - 1027-5606
SN  - 1607-7938
VL  - 18
IS  - 7
SP  - 2493
EP  - 2502
PB  - Copernicus
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhao, Peng
A1  - Kuhn, Daniela
A1  - Oye, Volker
A1  - Cesca, Simone
T1  - Evidence for tensile faulting deduced from full waveform moment tensor inversion during the stimulation of the Basel enhanced geothermal system
JF  - Geothermics : an international journal of geothermal research and its applications
N2  - Our study presents the results of a moment tensor inversion of 19 microseismic events with M-L between 2.0 and 3.4, associated with the stimulation operation of an enhanced geothermal reservoir in Basel, Switzerland, in 2006. We adopt a three-step procedure to retrieve point source solution parameters based on full waveform inversion. The inversion is performed by fitting displacement amplitude spectra and displacement seismograms in the first and second step, respectively, assuming a double couple source model and thus obtaining focal solutions for all 19 events. Our results are in agreement with focal mechanisms from a previous study, which employed P wave first-motion polarities from more than 40 stations, whereas our solutions are achieved using full waveform data recorded by less than 10 surface stations. In the last step, a full moment tensor inversion is performed. The results from the moment tensor inversion show an improvement on the waveform fitting compared to the double couple models, which is verified by an F-test. We investigate the stability of the moment tensor solutions by employing different velocity models. The isotropic components of the moment tensor solutions of some events are not negligible, suggesting source volume changes due to fluid injection. Events with significant isotropic components occurred mainly during the stimulation phase and close to the injection well. On the other hand, events that occurred in the post-stimulation phase are predominantly pure shear failure and located further away from the well bore. These spatio-temporal patterns can be explained by the influence of pore pressure variations during and after the hydraulic stimulation at the geothermal site. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Induced seismicity
KW  - Hydraulic fracture
KW  - Crack opening and closure
KW  - Source mechanism
KW  - F-test
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.01.003
SN  - 0375-6505
SN  - 1879-3576
VL  - 52
SP  - 74
EP  - 83
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Haßler, Gerda
T1  - Evidentiality and the expression of speaker’s stance in Romance languages and German
JF  - Discourse Studies : an interdisciplinary journal for the study of text and talk
N2  - In recent years, the category of evidentiality has also come into use for the description of Romance languages and of German. This has been contingent on a change in its interpretation from a typological category to a semantic-pragmatic category, which allows an application to languages lacking specialised morphemes for the expression of evidentiality. We consider evidentiality to be a structural dimension of grammar, the values of which are expressed by types of constructions that code the source of information which a speaker imparts. If we look at the situation in Romance languages and in German, drawing a boundary between epistemic modality and evidentiality presents problems that are difficult to solve. Adding markers of the source of the speaker’s knowledge often limits the degree of responsibility of the speaker for the content of the utterance. Evidential adverbs are a frequently used means of marking the source of the speaker’s knowledge. The evidential meaning is generalised to marking any source of knowledge, what can be regarded as a result of a process of pragmaticalisation. The use of certain means which also carry out evidential markings can even contribute to the blurring of the different kinds of evidentiality. German also has modal verbs which in conjunction with the perfect tense of the verb have a predominantly evidential use (sollen and wollen). But even here the evidential marking is not without influence on the modality of the utterance. The Romance languages, however, do not have such specialised verbs for expressing evidentiality in certain contexts. To do this, they mark evidentiality – often context bound – by verb forms such as the conditional and the imperfect tense. This article shall contrast the different architectures used in expressing evidentiality in German and in the Romance languages.
KW  - Adverbs
KW  - evidentiality
KW  - modal verbs
KW  - modality
KW  - pragmaticalisation
Y1  - 2015
UR  - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1461445614564522
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/1461445614564522
SN  - 1461-4456
SN  - 1461-7080
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
SP  - 182
EP  - 209
PB  - Sage Publications
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Hebig, Regina
T1  - Evolution of model-driven engineering settings in practice
T1  - Evolution von Modelgetriebenen Entwicklungssettings in der Praxis
N2  - Nowadays, software systems are getting more and more complex. To tackle this challenge most diverse techniques, such as design patterns, service oriented architectures (SOA), software development processes, and model-driven engineering (MDE), are used to improve productivity, while time to market and quality of the products stay stable. Multiple of these techniques are used in parallel to profit from their benefits. While the use of sophisticated software development processes is standard, today, MDE is just adopted in practice. However, research has shown that the application of MDE is not always successful. It is not fully understood when advantages of MDE can be used and to what degree MDE can also be disadvantageous for productivity. Further, when combining different techniques that aim to affect the same factor (e.g. productivity) the question arises whether these techniques really complement each other or, in contrast, compensate their effects. Due to that, there is the concrete question how MDE and other techniques, such as software development process, are interrelated. Both aspects (advantages and disadvantages for productivity as well as the interrelation to other techniques) need to be understood to identify risks relating to the productivity impact of MDE. Before studying MDE's impact on productivity, it is necessary to investigate the range of validity that can be reached for the results. This includes two questions. First, there is the question whether MDE's impact on productivity is similar for all approaches of adopting MDE in practice. Second, there is the question whether MDE's impact on productivity for an approach of using MDE in practice remains stable over time. The answers for both questions are crucial for handling risks of MDE, but also for the design of future studies on MDE success. This thesis addresses these questions with the goal to support adoption of MDE in future. To enable a differentiated discussion about MDE, the term MDE setting'' is introduced. MDE setting refers to the applied technical setting, i.e. the employed manual and automated activities, artifacts, languages, and tools. An MDE setting's possible impact on productivity is studied with a focus on changeability and the interrelation to software development processes. This is done by introducing a taxonomy of changeability concerns that might be affected by an MDE setting. Further, three MDE traits are identified and it is studied for which manifestations of these MDE traits software development processes are impacted. To enable the assessment and evaluation of an MDE setting's impacts, the Software Manufacture Model language is introduced. This is a process modeling language that allows to reason about how relations between (modeling) artifacts (e.g. models or code files) change during application of manual or automated development activities. On that basis, risk analysis techniques are provided. These techniques allow identifying changeability risks and assessing the manifestations of the MDE traits (and with it an MDE setting's impact on software development processes). To address the range of validity, MDE settings from practice and their evolution histories were capture in context of this thesis. First, this data is used to show that MDE settings cover the whole spectrum concerning their impact on changeability or interrelation to software development processes. Neither it is seldom that MDE settings are neutral for processes nor is it seldom that MDE settings have impact on processes. Similarly, the impact on changeability differs relevantly. Second, a taxonomy of evolution of MDE settings is introduced. In that context it is discussed to what extent different types of changes on an MDE setting can influence this MDE setting's impact on changeability and the interrelation to processes. The category of structural evolution, which can change these characteristics of an MDE setting, is identified. The captured MDE settings from practice are used to show that structural evolution exists and is common. In addition, some examples of structural evolution steps are collected that actually led to a change in the characteristics of the respective MDE settings. Two implications are: First, the assessed diversity of MDE settings evaluates the need for the analysis techniques that shall be presented in this thesis. Second, evolution is one explanation for the diversity of MDE settings in practice. To summarize, this thesis studies the nature and evolution of MDE settings in practice. As a result support for the adoption of MDE settings is provided in form of techniques for the identification of risks relating to productivity impacts.
N2  - Um die steigende Komplexität von Softwaresystemen beherrschen zu können, werden heutzutage unterschiedlichste Techniken gemeinsam eingesetzt. Beispiele sind, Design Pattern, Serviceorientierte Architekturen, Softwareentwicklungsprozesse oder modellgetriebene Entwicklung (MDE). Ziel dabei ist die Erhöhung der Produktivität, so dass Entwicklungsdauer und Qualität stabil bleiben können. Während hoch entwickelte Softwareentwicklungsprozesse heute schon standardmäßig genutzt werden, fangen Firmen gerade erst an MDE einzusetzen. Jedoch zeigen Studien, dass der erhoffte Erfolg von MDE nicht jedes Mal eintritt. So scheint es, dass noch kein ausreichendes Verständnis dafür existiert, inwiefern MDE auch Nachteile für die Produktivität bergen kann. Zusätzlich ist bei der Kombination von unterschiedlichen Techniken damit zu rechnen, dass die erreichten Effekte sich gegenseitig negieren anstatt sich zu ergänzen. Hier entsteht die Frage wie MDE und andere Techniken, wie Softwareentwicklungsprozesse, zusammenwirken. Beide Aspekte, der direkte Einfluss auf Produktivität und die Wechselwirkung mit anderen Techniken, müssen aber verstanden werden um den Risiken für den Produktivitätseinfluss von MDE zu identifizieren. Außerdem, muss auch die Generalisierbarkeit dieser Aspekte untersucht werden. Das betrifft die Fragen, ob der Produktivitätseinfluss bei jedem Einsatz von MDE gleich ist und ob der Produktivitätseinfluss über die Zeit stabil bleibt. Beide Fragen sind entscheidend, will man geeignete Risikobehandlung ermöglichen oder künftige Studien zum Erfolg von MDE planen. Diese Dissertation widmet sich der genannten Fragen. Dafür wird zuerst der Begriff MDE Setting'' eingeführt um eine differenzierte Betrachtung von MDE-Verwendungen zu ermöglichen. Ein MDE Setting ist dabei der technische Aufbau, inklusive manueller und automatische Aktivitäten, Artefakten, Sprachen und Werkzeugen. Welche Produktivitätseinflüsse von MDE Settings möglich sind, wird in der Dissertation mit Fokus auf Änderbarkeit und die Wechselwirkung mit Softwareentwicklungsprozessen betrachtet. Dafür wird einerseits eine Taxonomie von Changeability Concerns'' (potentiell betroffene Aspekte von Änderbarkeit) vorgestellt. Zusätzlich, werden drei MDE Traits'' (Charakteristika von MDE Settings die unterschiedlich ausgeprägt sein können) identifiziert. Es wird untersucht welche Ausprägungen dieser MDE Traits Einfluss auf Softwareentwicklungsprozesse haben können. Um die Erfassung und Bewertung dieser Einflüsse zu ermöglichen wird die Software Manufaktur Modell Sprache eingeführt. Diese Prozessmodellierungssprache ermöglicht eine Beschreibung, der Veränderungen von Artefaktbeziehungen während der Anwendung von Aktivitäten (z.B. Codegenerierung). Weiter werden auf Basis dieser Modelle, Analysetechniken eingeführt. Diese Analysetechniken erlauben es Risiken für bestimmte Changeability Concerns aufzudecken sowie die Ausprägung von MDE Traits zu erfassen (und damit den Einfluss auf Softwareentwicklungsprozesse). Um die Generalisierbarkeit der Ergebnisse zu studieren, wurden im Rahmen der Arbeit mehrere MDE Settings aus der Praxis sowie teilweise deren Evolutionshistorien erhoben. Daran wird gezeigt, dass MDE Settings sich in einem breiten Spektrum von Einflüssen auf Änderbarkeit und Prozesse bewegen. So ist es weder selten, dass ein MDE Setting neutral für Prozesse ist, noch, dass ein MDE Setting Einschränkungen für einen Prozess impliziert. Ähnlich breit gestreut ist der Einfluss auf die Änderbarkeit.Zusätzlich, wird diskutiert, inwiefern unterschiedliche Evolutionstypen den Einfluss eines MDE Settings auf Änderbarkeit und Prozesse verändern können. Diese Diskussion führt zur Identifikation der strukturellen Evolution'', die sich stark auf die genannten Charakteristika eines MDE Settings auswirken kann. Mithilfe der erfassten MDE Settings, wird gezeigt, dass strukturelle Evolution in der Praxis üblich ist. Schließlich, werden Beispiele aufgedeckt bei denen strukturelle Evolutionsschritte tatsächlich zu einer Änderung der Charakteristika des betreffenden MDE Settings geführt haben. Einerseits bestärkt die ermittelte Vielfalt den Bedarf nach Analysetechniken, wie sie in dieser Dissertation eingeführt werden. Zum Anderen erscheint es nun, dass Evolution zumindest zum Teil die unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen von MDE Settings erklärt. Zusammenfassend wird studiert wie MDE Settings und deren Evolution in der Praxis ausgeprägt sind. Als Ergebnis, werden Techniken zur Identifikation von Risiken für Produktivitätseinflüsse bereitgestellt um den Einsatz von MDE Settings zu unterstützen.
KW  - modelgetriebene Entwicklung
KW  - Softwareentwicklung
KW  - Softwareentwicklungsprozesse
KW  - Änderbarkeit
KW  - empirische Studien
KW  - model-driven engineering
KW  - software development
KW  - software development processes
KW  - changeability
KW  - empirical studies
Y1  - 2014
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-70761
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Devos, Damien P.
A1  - Gräf, Ralph
A1  - Field, Mark C.
T1  - Evolution of the nucleus
JF  - Current opinion in cell biology : review articles, recommended reading, bibliography of the world literature
N2  - The nucleus represents a major evolutionary transition. As a consequence of separating translation from transcription many new functions arose, which likely contributed to the remarkable success of eukaryotic cells. Here we will consider what has recently emerged on the evolutionary histories of several key aspects of nuclear biology; the nuclear pore complex, the lamina, centrosomes and evidence for prokaryotic origins of relevant players.
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceb.2014.01.004
SN  - 0955-0674
SN  - 1879-0410
VL  - 28
SP  - 8
EP  - 15
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Kocyan, Alexander
T1  - Evolution within the speciose plant group of asparagales
BT  - insights from molecular and morphological data
Y1  - 2014
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Lincke, Jens
T1  - Evolving Tools in a Collaborative Self-supporting Development Environment
Y1  - 2014
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Werner, Andrea
A1  - Werner, Andreas
A1  - Wieland, Ralf
A1  - Kersebaum, Kurt-Christian
A1  - Mirschel, Wilfried
A1  - Ende, Hans-Peter
A1  - Wiggering, Hubert
T1  - Ex ante assessment of crop rotations focusing on energy crops using a multi-attribute decision-making method
JF  - Ecological indicators : integrating monitoring, assessment and management
N2  - The cultivation of plants for use as energy resources is an agricultural and industrial sector with potentially synergistic benefits related to protecting the environment and generating income. Against the background of increasing land-use changes and new agricultural approaches to the production of energy crops, we present a method for identifying future-oriented crop rotations that supports both the economic and environmental components of decision-making strategies with respect to agriculture-related policy decisions (regional mission statements). The conflicting aspects of these objectives can be addressed with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a multi-attribute decision-making method that was integrated here. Three models are used to generate simulations of the defined objectives over a planning period of 30 years under the current climate scenario and provide input data for the multi-attribute assessment of several crop rotations. Based on the entire evaluation process, dimensionless global priority vectors are used to indicate how well the crop rotations meet the requirements of the defined mission statement. The method is tested in a municipality in NE Germany. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - Agricultural management
KW  - Ex ante assessment
KW  - Multi-attribute decision-making
KW  - AHP
KW  - Crop rotation
KW  - Energy crops
KW  - Regional objectives
KW  - Indicators
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.03.013
SN  - 1470-160X
SN  - 1872-7034
VL  - 45
SP  - 110
EP  - 122
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bandrauk, Andre D.
A1  - Paramonov, Guennaddi K.
T1  - Excitation of muonic molecules dd mu and dt mu by super-intense attosecond soft X-ray laser pulses: Shaped post-laser-pulse muonic oscillations and enhancement of nuclear fusion
JF  - International journal of modern physics : E, Nuclear physics
N2  - The quantum dynamics of muonic molecular ions dd mu and dt mu excited by linearly polarized along the molecular (z)-axis super-intense laser pulses is studied beyond the Born-Oppenheimer approximation by the numerical solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation within a three-dimensional model, including the internuclear distance R and muon coordinates z and rho. The peak-intensity of the super-intense laser pulses used in our simulations is I-0 = 3.51 x 10(22) W/cm(2) and the wavelength is lambda(l) = 5nm. In both dd mu and dt mu, expectation values < z > and <rho > of muon demonstrate "post-laser-pulse" oscillations after the ends of the laser pulses. In dd mu post-laser-pulse z-oscillations appear as shaped nonoverlapping "echo-pulses". In dt mu post-laser-pulse muonic z-oscillations appear as comparatively slow large-amplitude oscillations modulated with small-amplitude pulsations. The post-laser-pulse rho-oscillations in both dd mu and dt mu appear, for the most part, as overlapping "echo-pulses". The post-laser-pulse oscillations do not occur if the Born-Oppenheimer approximation is employed. Power spectra generated due to muonic motion along both optically active z and optically passive rho degrees of freedom are calculated. The fusion probability in dt mu can be increased by more than 11 times by making use of three sequential super-intense laser pulses. The energy released from the dt fusion in dt mu can by more than 20 GeV exceed the energy required to produce a usable muon and the energy of the laser pulses used to enhance the fusion. The possibility of power production from the laser-enhanced muon-catalyzed fusion is discussed.
KW  - Muonic molecules
KW  - super-intense laser pulses
KW  - laser-enhanced nuclear fusion
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301314300148
SN  - 0218-3013
SN  - 1793-6608
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
PB  - World Scientific
CY  - Singapore
ER  -