TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boyadzhieva, Asena
A1  - Kayhan, Ezgi
T1  - Keeping the breath in mind
BT  - respiration, neural oscillations, and the free energy principle
JF  - Frontiers in neuroscience / Frontiers Research Foundation
N2  - Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.
KW  - interoception
KW  - respiration-entrained neural oscillations
KW  - controlled
KW  - breathing
KW  - free-energy principle
KW  - self-regulation
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.647579
SN  - 1662-453X
VL  - 15
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belli, Francesco
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - "BreaThink"
BT  - breathing affects production and perception of quantities
JF  - Experimental brain research
N2  - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
KW  - breathing
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - interoception
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - situated cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
VL  - 239
IS  - 8
SP  - 2489
EP  - 2499
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -