TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Random walks on the mental number line
JF  - Experimental brain research
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - RNG
KW  - SNARC
KW  - Spatial bias
KW  - Walking
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-013-3718-7
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
VL  - 232
IS  - 1
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pinhas, Michal
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Heed the signs: Operation signs have spatial associations
JF  - The quarterly journal of experimental psychology
N2  - Mental arithmetic shows systematic spatial biases. The association between numbers and space is well documented, but it is unknown whether arithmetic operation signs also have spatial associations and whether or not they contribute to spatial biases found in arithmetic. Adult participants classified plus and minus signs with left and right button presses under two counterbalanced response rules. Results from two experiments showed that spatially congruent responses (i.e., right-side responses for the plus sign and left-side responses for the minus sign) were responded to faster than spatially incongruent ones (i.e., left-side responses for the plus sign and right-side responses for the minus sign). We also report correlations between this novel operation sign spatial association (OSSA) effect and other spatial biases in number processing. In a control experiment with no explicit processing requirements for the operation signs there were no sign-related spatial biases. Overall, the results suggest that (a) arithmetic operation signs can evoke spatial associations (OSSA), (b) experience with arithmetic operations probably underlies the OSSA, and (c) the OSSA only partially contributes to spatial biases in arithmetic.
KW  - Mental arithmetic
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - Operational momentum
KW  - Pointing
KW  - Spatial-numerical association of response codes effect
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2014.892516
SN  - 1747-0218
SN  - 1747-0226
VL  - 67
IS  - 8
SP  - 1527
EP  - 1540
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hartmann, Matthias
A1  - Martarelli, Corinna S.
A1  - Mast, Fred W.
A1  - Stocker, Kurt
T1  - Eye movements during mental time travel follow a diagonal line
JF  - Consciousness and cognition
N2  - Recent research showed that past events are associated with the back and left side, whereas future events are associated with the front and right side of space. These spatial-temporal associations have an impact on our sensorimotor system: thinking about one's past and future leads to subtle body sways in the sagittal dimension of space (Miles, Nind, & Macrae, 2010). In this study we investigated whether mental time travel leads to sensorimotor correlates in the horizontal dimension of space. Participants were asked to mentally displace themselves into the past or future while measuring their spontaneous eye movements on a blank screen. Eye gaze was directed more rightward and upward when thinking about the future than when thinking about the past. Our results provide further insight into the spatial nature of temporal thoughts, and show that not only body, but also eye movements follow a (diagonal) "time line" during mental time travel. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Mental time travel
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Mental time line
KW  - Spatial-temporal association
KW  - Future
KW  - Past
KW  - Embodied cognition
KW  - Metaphors
KW  - Mental number line
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2014.09.007
SN  - 1053-8100
SN  - 1090-2376
VL  - 30
SP  - 201
EP  - 209
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -