TY  - JOUR
A1  - Le Corre, Vincent M.
A1  - Stolterfoht, Martin
A1  - Perdigon Toro, Lorena
A1  - Feuerstein, Markus
A1  - Wolff, Christian Michael
A1  - Gil-Escrig, Lidon
A1  - Bolink, Henk J.
A1  - Neher, Dieter
A1  - Koster, L. Jan Anton
T1  - Charge Transport Layers Limiting the Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells: How To Optimize Conductivity, Doping, and Thickness
JF  - ACS Applied Energy Materials
N2  - Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the main research topics of the photovoltaic community; with efficiencies now reaching up to 24%, PSCs are on the way to catching up with classical inorganic solar cells. However, PSCs have not yet reached their full potential. In fact, their efficiency is still limited by nonradiative recombination, mainly via trap-states and by losses due to the poor transport properties of the commonly used transport layers (TLs). Indeed, state-of-the-art TLs (especially if organic) suffer from rather low mobilities, typically within 10(-5) and 10(-2) cm(-2) V-1 s(-1), when compared to the high mobilities, 1-10 cm(-2) V-1 s(-1), measured for perovskites. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the effect of the mobility, thickness, and doping density of the transport layers based on combined experimental and modeling results of two sets of devices made of a solution-processed high-performing triple-cation (PCE approximate to 20%). The results are also cross-checked on vacuum-processed MAPbI(3) devices. From this analysis, general guidelines on how to optimize a TL are introduced and especially a new and simple formula to easily calculate the amount of doping necessary to counterbalance the low mobility of the TLs.
KW  - perovskite solar cells
KW  - transport layers
KW  - conductivity
KW  - doping
KW  - charge transport
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00856
SN  - 2574-0962
VL  - 2
IS  - 9
SP  - 6280
EP  - 6287
PB  - American Chemical Society
CY  - Washington
ER  -