TY  - JOUR
A1  - Caliendo, Marco
A1  - Tübbicke, Stefan
T1  - Design and effectiveness of start-up subsidies
BT  - evidence from a policy reform in Germany
JF  - Economic analysis and policy
N2  - While a growing body of literature finds positive impacts of Start-Up Subsidies (SUS) on labor market outcomes of participants, little is known about how the design of these programs shapes their effectiveness and hence how to improve policy. As experimental variation in program design is unavailable, we exploit the 2011 reform of the current German SUS program for the unemployed which strengthened caseworkers' discretionary power, increased entry requirements and reduced monetary support. We estimate the impact of the reform on the program's effectiveness using samples of participants and non-participants from before and after the reform. To control for time-constant unobserved heterogeneity as well as differential selection patterns based on observable characteristics over time, we combine Difference-in-Differences with inverse probability weighting using covariate balancing propensity scores. Holding participants' observed characteristics as well as macroeconomic conditions constant, the results suggest that the reform was successful in raising employment effects on average. As these findings may be contaminated by changes in selection patterns based on unobserved characteristics, we assess our results using simulation-based sensitivity analyses and find that our estimates are highly robust to changes in unobserved characteristics. Hence, the reform most likely had a positive impact on the effectiveness of the program, suggesting that increasing entry requirements and reducing support increased the program's impacts while reducing the cost per participant. (C) 2021 Economic Society of Australia, Queensland. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
KW  - start-up subsidies
KW  - institutions
KW  - policy reform
KW  - difference-in-differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2021.02.015
SN  - 0313-5926
VL  - 70
SP  - 333
EP  - 340
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Sommermann, Karl-Peter
A1  - Behnke, Nathalie
A1  - Kropp, Sabine
A1  - Hofmann, Hans
A1  - Fleischer, Julia
A1  - von Knobloch, Hans-Heinrich
A1  - Schimanke, Dieter
A1  - Schrapper, Ludger
A1  - Ruge, Kay
A1  - Ritgen, Klaus
A1  - Jann, Werner
A1  - Veit, Sylvia
A1  - Ziekow, Jan
A1  - Mehde, Veith
A1  - Reichard, Christoph
A1  - Schröter, Eckhard
A1  - Färber, Gisela
A1  - Wollmann, Hellmut
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
A1  - Bogumil, Jörg
ED  - Kuhlmann, Sabine
ED  - Proeller, Isabella
ED  - Schimanke, Dieter
ED  - Ziekow, Jan
T1  - Public Administration in Germany
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - This open access book presents a topical, comprehensive and differentiated analysis of Germany’s public administration and reforms. It provides an overview on key elements of German public administration at the federal, Länder and local levels of government as well as on current reform activities of the public sector. It examines the key institutional features of German public administration; the changing relationships between public administration, society and the private sector; the administrative reforms at different levels of the federal system and numerous sectors; and new challenges and modernization approaches like digitalization, Open Government and Better Regulation. Each chapter offers a combination of descriptive information and problem-oriented analysis, presenting key topical issues in Germany which are relevant to an international readership.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 140 
KW  - Open Access
KW  - public administration
KW  - German public administration
KW  - federal administration
KW  - social security
KW  - institutions
KW  - reforms
KW  - governance
KW  - German administrative system
KW  - decentralisation
KW  - self-government
KW  - multilevel governance
KW  - Federal Constitutional Court
KW  - the German Constitution
KW  - the German federal architecture
KW  - European Union (EU)
KW  - the Basic Law
KW  - the Federal Ministry of the Interior (BMI)
KW  - the Länder
KW  - Administrative federalism
Y1  - 2021
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-504637
SN  - 1867-5808
IS  - 140
ER  -