TY - JOUR A1 - Choi, Young-Joon A1 - Klosterman, Steven J. A1 - Kummer, Volker A1 - Voglmayr, Hermann A1 - Shin, Hyeon-Dong A1 - Thines, Marco T1 - Multi-locus tree and species tree approaches toward resolving a complex clade of downy mildews (Straminipila, Oomycota), including pathogens of beet and spinach JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution N2 - Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The family Peronosporaceae (Straminipila; Oomycota) consists of obligate biotrophic pathogens that cause downy mildew disease on angiosperms, including a large number of cultivated plants. In the largest downy mildew genus Peronospora, a phylogenetically complex clade includes the economically important downy mildew pathogens of spinach and beet, as well as the type species of the genus Peronospora. To resolve this complex clade at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships among them, we used multi-locus phylogenetic analysis and species tree estimation. Both approaches discriminated all nine currently accepted species and revealed four previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. This is in line with a narrow species concept, i.e. that a downy mildew species is associated with only a particular host plant genus or species. Instead of applying the dubious name Peronospora farinosa, which has been proposed for formal rejection, our results provide strong evidence that Peronospora schachtii is an independent species from lineages on Atriplex and apparently occurs exclusively on Beta vulgaris. The members of the clade investigated, the Peronospora rumicis clade, associate with three different host plant families, Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, and Polygonaceae, suggesting that they may have speciated following at least two recent inter-family host shifts, rather than contemporary cospeciation with the host plants. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. KW - Cospeciation KW - Host shift KW - Multi-locus phylogeny KW - Oomycetes KW - Peronospora farinosa KW - Species tree Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.03.003 SN - 1055-7903 SN - 1095-9513 VL - 86 SP - 24 EP - 34 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tritsch, Christian A1 - Martens, Jochen A1 - Sun, Yue-Hua A1 - Heim, Wieland A1 - Strutzenberger, Patrick A1 - Päckert, Martin T1 - Improved sampling at the subspecies level solves a taxonomic dilemma BT - a case study of two enigmatic Chinese tit species (Aves, Passeriformes, Paridae, Poecile) JF - Molecular phylogenetics and evolution N2 - A recent full species-level phylogeny of tits, titmice and chickadees (Paridae) has placed the Chinese endemic black-bibbed tit (Poecile hypermelaenus) as the sister to the Palearctic willow tit (P. montanus). Because this sister-group relationship is in striking disagreement with the traditional affiliation of P. hypermelaenus close to the marsh tit (P. palustris) we tested this phylogenetic hypothesis in a multi locus analysis with an extended taxon sampling including sixteen subspecies of willow tits and marsh tits. As a taxonomic reference we included type specimens in our analysis. The molecular genetic study was complemented with an analysis of biometric data obtained from museum specimens. Our phylogenetic reconstructions, including a comparison of all GenBank data available for our target species, clearly show that the genetic lineage previously identified as P. hypermelaenus actually refers to P. weigoldicus because sequences were identical to that of a syntype of this taxon. The close relationship of P. weigoldicus and P. montanus - despite large genetic distances between the two taxa - is in accordance with current taxonomy and systematics. In disagreement with the previous phylogenetic hypothesis but in accordance with most taxonomic authorities, all our P. hypermelaenus specimens fell in the sister Glade of all western and eastern Palearctic P. palustris. Though shared haplotypes among the Chinese populations of the two latter species might indicate mitochondrial introgression in this part of the breeding range, further research is needed here due to the limitations of our own sampling. KW - Poecile hypermelaenus KW - Poecile weigoldicus KW - Multi-locus phylogeny KW - Phylogeography KW - DNA barcoding Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.014 SN - 1055-7903 SN - 1095-9513 VL - 107 SP - 538 EP - 550 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER -