TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rauh, Hellgard
T1  - "At-risk" concept
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 0-562-165117-4
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Belli, Francesco
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - "BreaThink"
BT  - breathing affects production and perception of quantities
JF  - Experimental brain research
N2  - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states.
KW  - breathing
KW  - embodied cognition
KW  - interoception
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - situated cognition
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z
SN  - 0014-4819
SN  - 1432-1106
VL  - 239
IS  - 8
SP  - 2489
EP  - 2499
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Kröller, Katja
T1  - "Childhood overweight and obesity maternal perceptions of the time for engaging in child weight management"
JF  - BMC public health
N2  - Background: There is an increasing awareness of the impact of parental risk perception on the weight course of the child and the parent's readiness to engage in preventive efforts, but only less is known about factors related to the parental perception of the right time for the implementation of preventive activities. The aim of this study was to examine parental perceptions of the appropriate time to engage in child weight management strategies, and the factors associated with different weight points at which mothers recognize the need for preventive actions.
 Methods: 352 mothers with children aged 2-10 years took part in the study. We assessed mothers' perceptions of the actual and preferred weight status of their child, their ability to identify overweight and knowledge of its associated health risks, as well as perceptions of the right time for action to prevent overweight in their child. A regression analysis was conducted to examine whether demographic and weight related factors as well as the maternal general risk perception were associated with recognizing the need to implement prevention strategies.
 Results: Although most of the parents considered a BMI in the 75th to 90th percentile a valid reason to engage in the prevention of overweight, 19% of the mothers were not willing to engage in prevention until their child reached the 97th percentile. Whereas the child's sex and the identification of an elevated BMI were significant predictors for parents' recognition of the 75th percentile as right point to engage in prevention efforts, an inability to recognize physical health risks associated with overweight silhouettes emerged as a significant factor predicting which parents would delay prevention efforts until a child's BMI reached the 97th percentile.
 Conclusion: Parental misperceptions of overweight and associated health risks constitute unfavorable conditions for preventive actions. Feedback on the health risks associated with overweight could help increase maternal readiness for change.
KW  - Maternal perception
KW  - Need for action
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Obesity
KW  - Overweight
KW  - Children
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-295
SN  - 1471-2458
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Gamez-Guadix, Manuel
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
T1  - "Haters back off!" psychometric properties of the coping with cyberhate questionnaire and relationship with well-being in Spanish adolescents
JF  - Psicothema
N2  - Background: 
Cyberhate is a growing form of online aggression against a person or a group based on race, ethnicity, nationality, sexual orientation, gender, religion, or disability. The present study aims to examine psychometric properties of the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire, the prevalence of coping strategies in Spanish adolescents, differences in coping strategies based in sex, age, and victim status, and the association between coping with cyberhate and adolescents' mental well-being. 

Method:
The sample consisted of 1,005 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (Mage = 14.28 years, SD = 1.63; 51.9% girls) who completed self-report measures on coping strategies, victimization status, and mental well-being. 

Results: 
The results of confirmatory factor analyses showed a structure for the Coping with Cyberhate Questionnaire composed of six factors, namely Distal advice, Assertiveness, Helplessness/Selfblame, Close support, Technical coping, and Retaliation. It demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. The three most frequently endorsed coping strategies were Technical coping, Close support, and Assertiveness. In addition, lower Helplessness/Self-blame, and higher Close-support, Assertiveness, and Distal advice were significantly related to adolescents' better mental well-being.

Conclusion:
Prevention programs that educate adolescents about how to deal with cyberhate are needed.
KW  - cybervictimization
KW  - hate speech
KW  - well-being
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2020.219
SN  - 0214-9915
SN  - 1886-144X
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
SP  - 567
EP  - 574
PB  - Colegio oficial de psicologos de asturias
CY  - Oviedo
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lazuras, Lambros
A1  - Barkoukis, Vassilis
A1  - Loukovitis, Andreas
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Hudson, Andy
A1  - Mallia, Luca
A1  - Michaelides, Michalis
A1  - Muzi, Milena
A1  - Petroczi, Andrea
A1  - Zelli, Arnaldo
T1  - "I Want It All, and I Want It Now": Lifetime Prevalence and Reasons for Using and Abstaining from Controlled Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAES) among Young Exercisers and Amateur Athletes in Five European Countries
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Doping use in recreational sports is an emerging issue that has received limited attention so far in the psychological literature. The present study assessed the lifetime prevalence of controlled performance and appearance enhancing substances ( PAES), and used behavioral reasoning theory to identify the reasons for using and for avoiding using controlled PAES in young exercisers across five European countries, in the context of the "SAFE YOU" Project. Participants were 915 young amateur athletes and exercisers (M = 21.62; SD = 2.62) from Cyprus, Germany, Greece, Italy, and UK who completed an anonymous questionnaire that included measures of self-reported use of controlled PAES, as well as reasons for using and not using controlled PAES. The results of the descriptive analyses demonstrated that almost one out five exercisers in the sample had a previous experience with controlled PAES. Higher prevalence rates were found in Greece and Cyprus and lower in Italy. The most frequently reported reasons for using controlled PAES included achieving the desired results faster; pushing the self to the (physical) limits; and recovering faster after exercise/training. Furthermore, the most frequently reported reasons for not using controlled PAES involved worry about any possible adverse health effects; not feeling the need for using them; and wanting to see what can be achieved naturally without using any controlled PAES. The findings of the present study indicate that the use of controlled PAES is fast becoming a crisis in amateur sports and exercise settings and highlight the need for preventive action and concerted anti-doping education efforts.
KW  - doping
KW  - behavioral reasoning
KW  - exercise
KW  - fitness
KW  - recreational sport
KW  - young adults
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00717
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hildebrand, Viet
A1  - Heydenreich, Matthias
A1  - Laschewsky, Andre
A1  - Moeller, Heiko M.
A1  - Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
A1  - Papadakis, Christine M.
A1  - Schanzenbach, Dirk
A1  - Wischerhoff, Erik
T1  - "Schizophrenic" self-assembly of dual thermoresponsive block copolymers bearing a zwitterionic and a non-ionic hydrophilic block
JF  - Polymer : the international journal for the science and technology of polymers
N2  - Several series of presumed dual thermo-responsive diblock copolymers consisting of one non-ionic and one zwitterionic block were synthesized via consecutive reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. For all copolymers, poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide) was chosen as non-ionic block that shows a coil-to-globule collapse transition of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type. In contrast, the chemical structure of zwitterionic blocks, which all belonged to the class of poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate)s, was varied broadly, in order to tune their coil-to-globule collapse transition of the upper critical solution temperature (UCST) type. All polymers were labeled with a solvatochromic fluorescent end-group. The dual thermo-responsive behavior and the resulting multifarious temperature-dependent self-assembly in aqueous solution were mapped by temperature resolved turbidimetry, H-1 NMR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Depending on the relative positions between the UCST-type and LCST-type transition temperatures, as well as on the width of the window in-between, all the four possible modes of stimulus induced micellization can be realized. This includes classical induced micellization due to a transition from a double hydrophilic, or respectively, from a double hydrophobic to an amphiphilic state, as well as "schizophrenic" behavior, where the core- and shell-forming blocks are inverted. The exchange of the roles of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic block in the amphiphilic states is possible through a homogeneous intermediate state or a heterogeneous one. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
KW  - RAFT polymerization
KW  - Block copolymer
KW  - Sulfobetaine methacrylate
KW  - Responsive polymer
KW  - LCST
KW  - UCST
KW  - Schizophrenic self-assembly
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.063
SN  - 0032-3861
SN  - 1873-2291
VL  - 122
SP  - 347
EP  - 357
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schwarzenthal, Miriam
A1  - Juang, Linda P.
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
T1  - "When birds of a different feather flock together" - intercultural socialization in adolescents’ friendships
JF  - International Journal of Intercultural Relations
N2  - We conclude that intercultural friendships are associated with important skills that are needed in increasingly multicultural societies if students experience and discuss cultural variations in these friendships.
KW  - Intercultural friendships
KW  - Socialization
KW  - Intercultural competence
KW  - Cultural intelligence
KW  - Adolescents
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2019.07.001
SN  - 0147-1767
SN  - 1873-7552
VL  - 72
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Sery, Noa
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - 1 + 2 is more than 2 + 1: Violations of commutativity and identity axioms in mental arithmetic
JF  - Journal of cognitive psychology
N2  - Over the past decade or so, a large number of studies have revealed that conceptual meaning is sensitive to situational context. More recently, similar contextual influences have been documented in the domain of number knowledge. Here we show such context dependency in a length production task. Adult participants saw single digit addition problems of the form n1 + n2 and produced the sum by changing bi-directionally the length of a horizontally extended line, using radially arranged buttons. We found that longer lines were produced when n1 < n2 compared to n1 > n2 and that unit size increased with result size. Thus, the mathematical axioms of commutativity and identity do not seem to hold in mental addition. We discuss implications of these observations for our understanding of cognitive mechanisms involved in mental arithmetic and for situated cognition generally.
KW  - Operand order effect
KW  - Situated cognition
KW  - Mental number line
KW  - SNARC
KW  - Operational momentum
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/20445911.2014.973414
SN  - 2044-5911
SN  - 2044-592X
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
SP  - 471
EP  - 477
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
T1  - 17 Jahre danach : was wird aus Kindern mit Legasthenie?
BT  - Siebzehn Jahre danach : was wird aus Kindern mit Legasthenie?
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - 40 puzzles and problems in probability and mathematical statistics
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 978-0-387-73511-5
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-73512-2
PB  - Springer Science+Business Media LLC
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wyschkon, Anne
A1  - Schulz, Franziska
A1  - Gallit, Finja Sunnyi
A1  - Poltz, Nadine
A1  - Kohn-Henkel, Juliane
A1  - Moraske, Svenja
A1  - Bondue, Rebecca
A1  - von Aster, Michael G.
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - 5-Jahres-Verlauf der LRS
T1  - 5-year course of dyslexia
BT  - Stabilität, Geschlechtseffekte, Schriftsprachniveau und Schulerfolg
BT  - Persistence, sex effects, performance in reading and spelling, and school-related success
JF  - Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie
N2  - Fragestellung: Untersucht wird der Verlauf von Kindern mit Lese-Rechtschreibstörungen (LRS) über gut 5 Jahre unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses des Geschlechts der Betroffenen. Außerdem werden Auswirkungen der LRS auf das spätere Schriftsprachniveau und den Schulerfolg überprüft. Methodik: Eingangs wurden 995 Schüler zwischen 6 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Ein Teil dieser Kinder ist nach 43 sowie 63 Monaten nachuntersucht worden. Eine LRS wurde diagnostiziert, wenn für das Lesen bzw. Rechtschreiben das doppelte Diskrepanzkriterium von 1.5 Standardabweichungen zur nonverbalen Intelligenz und dem Mittelwert der Klassenstufe erfüllt war und gleichzeitig keine Minderbegabung vorlag. Ergebnisse: Die LRS weist über einen Zeitraum von 63 Monaten eine hohe Störungspersistenz von knapp 70 % auf. Der 5-Jahres-Verlauf der mittleren Lese- und Rechtschreibleistungen wurde nicht vom Geschlecht beeinflusst. Trotz durchschnittlicher Intelligenz blieben die LRS-Schüler in der Schriftsprache mindestens eine Standardabweichung hinter durchschnittlich und etwa 0.5 Standardabweichungseinheiten hinter unterdurchschnittlich intelligenten Kindern zurück. Der Schulerfolg der LRS-Schüler glich dem unterdurchschnittlich intelligenter Kinder und fiel deutlich schlechter aus als bei durchschnittlich intelligenten Kontrollkindern. Schlussfolgerungen: Eine LRS stellt ein erhebliches Entwicklungsrisiko dar, was frühzeitige Diagnostik- und Therapiemaßnahmen erfordert. Dafür sind reliable und im Hinblick auf die resultierenden Prävalenzraten sinnvolle, allgemein anerkannte Diagnosekriterien essenziell.
N2  - Objective: The study examines the 5-year course of children with dyslexia with regard to their sex. Furthermore, the study investigates the impact of dyslexia on the performance in reading and spelling skills and school-related success. Method: A group of 995 6- to 16-year-olds were examined at the initial assessment. Part of the initial sample was then re-examined after 43 and 63 months. The diagnosis of dyslexia was based on the double discrepancy criterion using a standard deviation of 1.5. Though they had no intellectual deficits, the children showed a considerable discrepancy between their reading or writing abilities and (1) their nonverbal intelligence and (2) the mean of their grade norm. Results: Nearly 70 % of those examined had a persisting diagnosis of dyslexia over a period of 63 months. The 5-year course was not influenced by sex. Despite average intelligence, the performance in writing and spelling of children suffering from dyslexia was one standard deviation below a control group without dyslexia with average intelligence and 0.5 standard deviations below a group of children suffering from intellectual deficits. Furthermore, the school-related success of the dyslexics was significantly lower than those of children with average intelligence. Dyslexics showed similar school-related success rates to children suffering from intellectual deficits. Conclusions: Dyslexia represents a considerable developmental risk. The adverse impact of dyslexia on school-related success supports the importance of early diagnostics and intervention. It also underlines the need for reliable and general accepted diagnostic criteria. It is important to define such criteria in light of the prevalence rates.
KW  - dyslexia
KW  - discrepancy criterion
KW  - persistence
KW  - course
KW  - school-related success
KW  - Lese-Rechtschreibstörung
KW  - Diskreptanzdefinition
KW  - Stabilität
KW  - Verlauf
KW  - Schulerfolg
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000535
SN  - 1422-4917
SN  - 1664-2880
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
SP  - 107
EP  - 122
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Bern
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rabe, Maximilian Michael
A1  - Chandra, Johan
A1  - Krügel, André
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A bayesian approach to dynamical modeling of eye-movement control in reading of normal, mirrored, and scrambled texts
JF  - Psychological Review
N2  - In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between- subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions.
KW  - reading eye movements
KW  - dynamical models
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - oculomotor
KW  - control
KW  - individual differences
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000268
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
VL  - 128
IS  - 5
SP  - 803
EP  - 823
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Felisatti, Arianna
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A biological foundation for spatial–numerical associations
BT  - the brain's asymmetric frequency tuning
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
N2  - "Left" and "right" coordinates control our spatial behavior and even influence abstract thoughts. For number concepts, horizontal spatial-numerical associations (SNAs) have been widely documented: we associate few with left and many with right. Importantly, increments are universally coded on the right side even in preverbal humans and nonhuman animals, thus questioning the fundamental role of directional cultural habits, such as reading or finger counting. Here, we propose a biological, nonnumerical mechanism for the origin of SNAs on the basis of asymmetric tuning of animal brains for different spatial frequencies (SFs). The resulting selective visual processing predicts both universal SNAs and their context-dependence. We support our proposal by analyzing the stimuli used to document SNAs in newborns for their SF content. As predicted, the SFs contained in visual patterns with few versus many elements preferentially engage right versus left brain hemispheres, respectively, thus predicting left-versus rightward behavioral biases. Our "brain's asymmetric frequency tuning" hypothesis explains the perceptual origin of horizontal SNAs for nonsymbolic visual numerosities and might be extensible to the auditory domain.
KW  - hemispheric asymmetry
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - SNARC effect
KW  - spatial
KW  - frequency tuning
KW  - spatial-numerical associations
KW  - spatial vision
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14418
SN  - 0077-8923
SN  - 1749-6632
VL  - 1477
IS  - 1
SP  - 44
EP  - 53
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Mota, Simon
A1  - Leckelt, Marius
A1  - Geukes, Katharina
A1  - Nestler, Steffen
A1  - Humberg, Sarah
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
A1  - Schmukle, Stefan C.
A1  - Back, Mitja D.
T1  - A comprehensive examination of narcissists’ self-perceived and actual socioemotional cognition ability
JF  - Collabra: Psychology
N2  - Narcissists are assumed to lack the motivation and ability to share and understand the mental states of others. Prior empirical research, however, has yielded inconclusive findings and has differed with respect to the specific aspects of narcissism and socioemotional cognition that have been examined. Here, we propose a differentiated facet approach that can be applied across research traditions and that distinguishes between facets of narcissism (agentic vs. antagonistic) on the one hand, and facets of socioemotional cognition ability (SECA; self-perceived vs. actual) on the other. Using five nonclinical samples in two studies (total N = 602), we investigated the effect of facets of grandiose narcissism on aspects of socioemotional cognition across measures of affective and cognitive empathy, Theory of Mind, and emotional intelligence, while also controlling for general reasoning ability. Across both studies, agentic facets of narcissism were found to be positively related to perceived SECA, whereas antagonistic facets of narcissism were found to be negatively related to perceived SECA. However, both narcissism facets were negatively related to actual SECA. Exploratory condition-based regression analyses further showed that agentic narcissists had a higher directed discrepancy between perceived and actual SECA: They self-enhanced their socio-emotional capacities. Implications of these results for the multifaceted theoretical understanding of the narcissism-SECA link are discussed.
KW  - narcissism
KW  - socioemotional cognition
KW  - self-perceived ability
KW  - actual ability
KW  - empathy
KW  - emotional intelligence
KW  - self-enhancement
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1525/collabra.174
SN  - 2474-7394
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
PB  - University of California Press
CY  - Oakland
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A computational model of microsaccadic responses to shifts of covert attention
T2  - Perception
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 0301-0066
SN  - 1468-4233
VL  - 41
SP  - 55
EP  - 55
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Muschalla, Beate
T1  - A concept of psychological work capacity demands
BT  - first evaluation in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders
JF  - Work : a journal of prevention, assessment & rehabilitation
N2  - BACKGROUND: Work capacity demands are a concept to describe which psychological capacities are required in a job. Assessing psychological work capacity demands is of specific importance when mental health problems at work endanger work ability. Exploring psychological work capacity demands is the basis for mental hazard analysis or rehabilitative action, e.g. in terms of work adjustment. OBJECTIVE: This is the first study investigating psychological work capacity demands in rehabilitation patients with and without mental disorders. METHODS: A structured interview on psychological work capacity demands (Mini-ICF-Work; Muschalla, 2015; Linden et al., 2015) was done with 166 rehabilitation patients of working age. All interviews were done by a state-licensed socio-medically trained psychotherapist. Inter-rater-reliability was assessed by determining agreement in independent co-rating in 65 interviews. For discriminant validity purposes, participants filled in the Short Questionnaire for Work Analysis (KFZA, Prumper et al., 1994). RESULTS: In different professional fields, different psychological work capacity demands were of importance. The Mini-ICF-Work capacity dimensions reflect different aspects than the KFZA. Patients with mental disorders were longer on sick leave and had worse work ability prognosis than patients without mental disorders, although both groups reported similar work capacity demands. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological work demands - which are highly relevant for work ability prognosis and work adjustment processes - can be explored and differentiated in terms of psychological capacity demands.
KW  - Mental disorders
KW  - mental health
KW  - sick leave
KW  - work ability
KW  - work demands
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-182691
SN  - 1051-9815
SN  - 1875-9270
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
SP  - 375
EP  - 386
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kratky, Nicole
A1  - Schröder-Abé, Michela
T1  - A court file analysis of child protection cases
BT  - what do children say?
JF  - Child & family social work
N2  - Children's participation in legal proceedings affecting them personally has been gaining importance. So far, a primary research concern has been how children experience their participation in court proceedings. However, little is known about the child's voice itself: Are children able to clearly express their wishes, and if so, what do they say in child protection cases? In this study, we extracted information about children's statements from court file data of 220 child protection cases in Germany. We found 182 children were asked about their wishes. The majority of the statements found came either from reports of the guardians ad litem or from judicial records of the child hearings. Using content analysis, three main aspects of the statements were extracted: wishes concerning main place of residence, wishes about whom to have or not contact with, and children granting decision-making authority to someone else. Children's main focus was on their parents, but others (e.g., relatives and foster care providers) were also mentioned. Intercoder agreement was substantial. Making sure that child hearings are as informative as possible is in the child's best interest. Therefore, the categories developed herein might help professionals to ask questions more precisely relevant to the child.
KW  - children's participation
KW  - child protection
KW  - child's voice
KW  - child
KW  - welfare
KW  - court files
KW  - family court
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12744
SN  - 1356-7500
SN  - 1365-2206
VL  - 25
IS  - S1
SP  - 169
EP  - 177
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sege, Christopher T.
A1  - Bradley, Margaret M.
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
A1  - Lang, Peter J.
T1  - A direct comparison of appetitive and aversive anticipation
BT  - overlapping and distinct neural activation
JF  - Behavioural brain research : an international journal
N2  - fMRI studies of reward find increased neural activity in ventral striatum and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), whereas other regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (d1PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and anterior insula, are activated when anticipating aversive exposure. Although these data suggest differential activation during anticipation of pleasant or of unpleasant exposure, they also arise in the context of different paradigms (e.g., preparation for reward vs. threat of shock) and participants. To determine overlapping and unique regions active during emotional anticipation, we compared neural activity during anticipation of pleasant or unpleasant exposure in the same participants. Cues signalled the upcoming presentation of erotic/romantic, violent, or everyday pictures while BOLD activity during the 9-s anticipatory period was measured using fMRI. Ventral striatum and a ventral mPFC subregion were activated when anticipating pleasant, but not unpleasant or neutral, pictures, whereas activation in other regions was enhanced when anticipating appetitive or aversive scenes.
KW  - Anticipation
KW  - Emotion
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.005
SN  - 0166-4328
SN  - 1872-7549
VL  - 326
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Longtin, Andre
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A dynamical model of saccade generation in reading based on spatially distributed lexical processing
Y1  - 2002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krause, Florian
A1  - Bekkering, Harold
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
T1  - A feeling for numbers shared metric for symbolic and tactile numerosities
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Evidence for an approximate analog system of numbers has been provided by the finding that the comparison of two numerals takes longer and is more error-prone if the semantic distance between the numbers becomes smaller (so-called numerical distance effect). Recent embodied theories suggest that analog number representations are based on previous sensory experiences and constitute therefore a common magnitude metric shared by multiple domains. Here we demonstrate the existence of a cross-modal semantic distance effect between symbolic and tactile numerosities. Participants received tactile stimulations of different amounts of fingers while reading Arabic digits and indicated verbally whether the amount of stimulated fingers was different from the simultaneously presented digit or not. The larger the semantic distance was between the two numerosities, the faster and more accurate participants made their judgments. This cross-modal numerosity distance effect suggests a direct connection between tactile sensations and the concept of numerical magnitude. A second experiment replicated the interaction between symbolic and tactile numerosities and showed that this effect is not modulated by the participants' finger counting habits. Taken together, our data provide novel evidence for a shared metric for symbolic and tactile numerosities as an instance of an embodied representation of numbers.
KW  - number cognition
KW  - tactile perception
KW  - finger counting
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00007
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A formal model of capacity limits in working memory
JF  - Journal of Memory and Language
N2  - A mathematical model of working-memory capacity limits is proposed on the key assumption of mutual interference between items in working memory. Interference is assumed to arise from overwriting of features shared by these items. The model was fit to time-accuracy data of memory-updating tasks from four experiments using nonlinear mixed effect (NLME) models as a framework. The model gave a good account of the data from a numerical and a spatial task version. The performance pattern in a combination of numerical and spatial updating could be explained by variations in the interference parameter: assuming less feature overlap between contents from different domains than between contents from the same domain, the model can account for double dissociations of content domains in dual-task experiments. Experiment 3 extended this idea to similarity within the verbal domain. The decline of memory accuracy with increasing memory load was steeper with phonologically similar than with dissimilar material, although processing speed was faster for the similar material. The model captured the similarity effects with a higher estimated interference parameter for the similar than for the dissimilar condition. The results are difficult to explain with alternative models, in particular models incorporating time-based decay and models assuming limited resource pools.
KW  - working memory
KW  - interference
KW  - capacity
KW  - mathematical model
KW  - non-linear mixed effects
Y1  - 2006
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0749596X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2006.08.009
SN  - 0749-596X
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
SP  - 601
EP  - 626
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engelmann, Felix
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A framework for modeling the interaction of syntactic processing and eye movement control
JF  - Topics in cognitive science
N2  - We explore the interaction between oculomotor control and language comprehension on the sentence level using two well-tested computational accounts of parsing difficulty. Previous work (Boston, Hale, Vasishth, & Kliegl, 2011) has shown that surprisal (Hale, 2001; Levy, 2008) and cue-based memory retrieval (Lewis & Vasishth, 2005) are significant and complementary predictors of reading time in an eyetracking corpus. It remains an open question how the sentence processor interacts with oculomotor control. Using a simple linking hypothesis proposed in Reichle, Warren, and McConnell (2009), we integrated both measures with the eye movement model EMMA (Salvucci, 2001) inside the cognitive architecture ACT-R (Anderson et al., 2004). We built a reading model that could initiate short Time Out regressions (Mitchell, Shen, Green, & Hodgson, 2008) that compensate for slow postlexical processing. This simple interaction enabled the model to predict the re-reading of words based on parsing difficulty. The model was evaluated in different configurations on the prediction of frequency effects on the Potsdam Sentence Corpus. The extension of EMMA with postlexical processing improved its predictions and reproduced re-reading rates and durations with a reasonable fit to the data. This demonstration, based on simple and independently motivated assumptions, serves as a foundational step toward a precise investigation of the interaction between high-level language processing and eye movement control.
KW  - Sentence comprehension
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Parsing difficulty
KW  - Working memory
KW  - Surprisal
KW  - Computational modeling
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12026
SN  - 1756-8757
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
SP  - 452
EP  - 474
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Knappert, Lena
T1  - A group-randomized evaluation of a theatre-based sexual abuse prevention programme for primary school children in Germany
N2  - The study reports a group-randomized trial of a theatre-based intervention to prevent sexual abuse targeting first and second grade primary school children in Germany. A sample of 148 first and second graders saw a live performance of a play designed to promote skills in dealing with abuse-prone interactions with adults, watched a recording of the play on DVD or were assigned to a no intervention control group. Both the live performance and the DVD groups showed significant increases in the target variables (distinguishing good/bad touch and secrets, getting help, rejecting unwanted touch) from baseline to post-intervention and a follow-up after 2 weeks, while the control group did not show changes. The live performance and DVD groups participated in a further follow-up 30 weeks post-intervention, which showed sustained effects of the intervention. The findings indicate that with appropriately culture-sensitive measures, Sexual abuse prevention programmes can have Sustainable effects with young primary school children.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/5625
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/Casp.1009
SN  - 1052-9284
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Myachykov, Andriy
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of abstractness
BT  - Grounded, embodied, and situated aspect: Comment on "Words as social tools: Language, sociality and inner grounding in abstract concepts" by Anna M. Borghi et al.
T2  - Physics of life reviews
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plrev.2019.04.005
SN  - 1571-0645
SN  - 1873-1457
VL  - 29
SP  - 161
EP  - 163
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition
T2  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 1612-4782
VL  - 13
SP  - S14
EP  - S15
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition
JF  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
N2  - There is much recent interest in the idea that we represent our knowledge together with the sensory and motor features that were activated during its acquisition. This paper reviews the evidence for such "embodiment" in the domain of numerical cognition, a traditional stronghold of abstract theories of knowledge representation. The focus is on spatial-numerical associations, such as the SNARC effect (small numbers are associated with left space, larger numbers with right space). Using empirical evidence from behavioral research, I first describe sensory and motor biases induced by SNARC, thus identifying numbers as embodied concepts. Next, I propose a hierarchical relationship between grounded, embodied, and situated aspects of number knowledge. This hierarchical conceptualization helps to understand the variety of SNARC-related findings and yields testable predictions about numerical cognition. I report several such tests, ranging from cross-cultural comparisons of horizontal and vertical SNARC effects (Shaki and Fischer in J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 38(3): 804-809, 2012) to motor cortical activation studies in adults with left- and right-hand counting preferences (Tschentscher et al. in NeuroImage 59: 3139-3148, 2012). It is concluded that the diagnostic features for each level of the proposed hierarchical knowledge representation, together with the spatial associations of numbers, make the domain of numerical knowledge an ideal testing ground for embodied cognition research.
KW  - Embodied cognition
KW  - Grounded cognition
KW  - Numerical cognition
KW  - SNARC effect
Y1  - 2012
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-012-0477-5
SN  - 1612-4782
VL  - 13
SP  - S161
EP  - S164
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Sonnentag, Sabine
T1  - A look back to move ahead : new directions for research on proactive performance and other discretionary work behaviours
N2  - Over the last two decades, the multi-dimensional notion of job performance has been fully brought to life. The differentiation between core task performance and various aspects of discretionary work behaviour is flow commonly applied. A multitude of empirical studies, enhancing our knowledge of the antecedents and consequences of the different performance aspects, have recently been summarised through various meta-analyses. We use this as all occasion for taking stock in order to identify new areas of theorising and empirical research. Focusing in particular oil proactive performance aspects, the present paper identifies three themes that could inspire new research and model development. We suggest taking a new approach to the treatment of time in order to account for the dynamic nature of performance oil the one hand, and to consider life-span changes oil the other, developing comprehensive models oil proactivity-enhancing interventions, and more strongly incorporating a cross-cultural perspective.
Y1  - 2010
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/issn?DESCRIPTOR=PRINTISSN&VALUE=0269-994X
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00413.x
SN  - 0269-994X
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Reike, Dennis
T1  - A look behind perceptual performance in numerical cognition
T1  - Ein Blick hinter die perzeptuellen Leistungen numerischer Kognition
N2  - Recognizing, understanding, and responding to quantities are considerable skills for human beings. We can easily communicate quantities, and we are extremely efficient in adapting our behavior to numerical related tasks. One usual task is to compare quantities. We also use symbols like digits in numerical-related tasks. To solve tasks including digits, we must to rely on our previously learned internal number representations.
This thesis elaborates on the process of number comparison with the use of noisy mental representations of numbers, the interaction of number and size representations and how we use mental number representations strategically. For this, three studies were carried out.
In the first study, participants had to decide which of two presented digits was numerically larger. They had to respond with a saccade in the direction of the anticipated answer. Using only a small set of meaningfully interpretable parameters, a variant of random walk models is described that accounts for response time, error rate, and variance of response time for the full matrix of 72 digit pairs. In addition, the used random walk model predicts a numerical distance effect even for error response times and this effect clearly occurs in the observed data. In relation to corresponding correct answers error responses were systematically faster. However, different from standard assumptions often made in random walk models, this account required that the distributions of step sizes of the induced random walks be asymmetric to account for this asymmetry between correct and incorrect responses.
Furthermore, the presented model provides a well-defined framework to investigate the nature and scale (e.g., linear vs. logarithmic) of the mapping of numerical magnitude onto its internal representation. In comparison of the fits of proposed models with linear and logarithmic mapping, the logarithmic mapping is suggested to be prioritized.
Finally, we discuss how our findings can help interpret complex findings (e.g., conflicting speed vs. accuracy trends) in applied studies that use number comparison as a well-established diagnostic tool. Furthermore, a novel oculomotoric effect is reported, namely the saccadic overschoot effect. The participants responded by saccadic eye movements and the amplitude of these saccadic responses decreases with numerical distance.
For the second study, an experimental design was developed that allows us to apply the signal detection theory to a task where participants had to decide whether a presented digit was physically smaller or larger. A remaining question is, whether the benefit in (numerical magnitude – physical size) congruent conditions is related to a better perception than in incongruent conditions. Alternatively, the number-size congruency effect is mediated by response biases due to numbers magnitude. The signal detection theory is a perfect tool to distinguish between these two alternatives. It describes two parameters, namely sensitivity and response bias. Changes in the sensitivity are related to the actual task performance due to real differences in perception processes whereas changes in the response bias simply reflect strategic implications as a stronger preparation (activation) of an anticipated answer. Our results clearly demonstrate that the number-size congruency effect cannot be reduced to mere response bias effects, and that genuine sensitivity gains for congruent number-size pairings contribute to the number-size congruency effect.
Third, participants had to perform a SNARC task – deciding whether a presented digit was odd or even. Local transition probability of irrelevant attributes (magnitude) was varied while local transition probability of relevant attributes (parity) and global probability occurrence of each stimulus were kept constantly. Participants were quite sensitive in recognizing the underlying local transition probability of irrelevant attributes. A gain in performance was observed for actual repetitions of the irrelevant attribute in relation to changes of the irrelevant attribute in high repetition conditions compared to low repetition conditions. One interpretation of these findings is that information about the irrelevant attribute (magnitude) in the previous trial is used as an informative precue, so that participants can prepare early processing stages in the current trial, with the corresponding benefits and costs typical of standard cueing studies.
Finally, the results reported in this thesis are discussed in relation to recent studies in numerical cognition.
N2  - Das Erkennen, Verstehen und Verwenden von Mengen sind beachtliche menschliche Fähigkeiten. Die Kommunikation numerischer Information fällt uns leicht, zudem beeinflussen numerische Informationen unser Handeln. Eine typische numerische Aufgabe ist der Mengenvergleich. Um solche Mengen zu beschreiben verwenden wir Ziffern als Symbole zur Bildung von Zahlen. Um Zahlen zu vergleichen, müssen wir auf die zuvor erlernte interne Zahlenrepräsentationen zurückgreifen.

In dieser Dissertation werden drei Studien vorgestellt. Diese betrachten den Prozess des Zahlenvergleichs, die Interaktion numerischer und physikalischer Repräsentation und die strategische Nutzung numerischer Repräsentationen.

In der ersten Studie sollten Versuchspersonen so schnell wie möglich die größere von zwei präsentierten Zahlen angeben. Sie sollten mit einer Sakkade in Richtung der größeren Zahl antworten. Eine Variante von Random Walk Modellen mit einem sparsamen Set an interpretierbaren Parameter wurde verwendet um die Reaktionszeit, die Fehlerrate und die Varianz der Reaktionszeit zu beschreiben.

Auch für Fehlerzeiten sagt dieses Modell einen numerischen Distanzeffekt vorher, der sich in den Daten robust zeigt. Außerdem sind Fehlerzeiten schneller als korrespondierende Reaktionszeiten richtiger Antworten. Diese Asymmetrie lässt sich durch eine schiefe Schrittgrößenverteilung erklären, welche nicht zu den üblichen Standardannahmen von Random Walk Modellen gehört. Das vorgestellte Modell liefert einen definierten Rahmen um die Art und Skalierung (z.B. linear vs. logarithmisch) numerischer Repräsentationen zu untersuchen, wobei die Ergebnisse klar für eine logarithmische Skalierung sprechen. Abschließend wird ein Ausblick gegeben, wie dieses Modell helfen kann, komplexe Befunde (z.B. Geschwindigkeit vs. Genauigkeit) in Studien zu erklären, die Zahlenvergleiche als etabliertes Werkzeug verwenden.

Außerdem beschreiben wir einen neuen okulomotorischen Effekt, den sakkadischen Overschoot Effekt.

Für die zweite Studie wurde ein experimentelles Design entwickelt, das es ermöglicht die Signalentdeckungstheorie zu verwenden. Hierbei sollten Versuchspersonen die physikalische Größe von Ziffern beurteilen. Eine offene Frage ist, ob der Leistungsgewinn in (numerisch - physikalisch) kongruenten Bedingungen auf eine verbesserte Wahrnehmung oder auf einen numerisch induzierten Antwortbias zurückzuführen ist. Die Signalentdeckungstheorie ist das perfekte Werkzeug um zwischen diesen beiden Erklärungen zu unterscheiden. Dabei werden zwei Parameter beschrieben, die Sensitivität und der Antwortbias. Unsere Ergebnisse demonstrieren, dass der Zahlen-Größen Effekt nicht auf einen einfachen Antwortbias zurückzuführen ist. Vielmehr tragen wahre Sensitivitätsgewinne in kongruenten Bedingungen zur Entstehung des Zahlen-Größen Effekts bei.

In der dritten Studie sollten die Versuchspersonen eine SNARC Aufgabe durchführen, wobei sie angeben sollten ob eine präsentierte Zahl gerade oder ungerade ist. Die lokale Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeit des irrelevanten Attributes (Magnitude) wurde zwischen Versuchspersonen variiert.

Die Versuchspersonen waren sensitiv für diese Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeiten. Ein Leistungsgewinn zeigte sich bei tatsächlichen Wiederholungen des irrelevanten Attributes in der Bedingung mit hoher Wiederholungswahrscheinlichkeit des irrelevanten Attributes. Eine mögliche Interpretation ist, dass Informationen aus dem Vortrial als eine Art Hinweis betrachtet werden, so dass die Versuchspersonen im aktuellen Trial frühe Prozessstufen vorbereiten können, was zu entsprechenden Gewinnen und Kosten führt.

Die in dieser Dissertation berichteten Ergebnisse werden abschließend diskutiert und in Relation zu aktuellen Studien im Bereich der numerischen Kognition gesetzt.
KW  - numerical cognition
KW  - mental number representation
KW  - numerische Kognition
KW  - mentale Zahlenrepräsentation
Y1  - 2017
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-407821
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Malem-Shinitski, Noa
A1  - Opper, Manfred
A1  - Reich, Sebastian
A1  - Schwetlick, Lisa
A1  - Seelig, Stefan A.
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A mathematical model of local and global attention in natural scene viewing
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal
N2  - Author summary <br /> Switching between local and global attention is a general strategy in human information processing. We investigate whether this strategy is a viable approach to model sequences of fixations generated by a human observer in a free viewing task with natural scenes. Variants of the basic model are used to predict the experimental data based on Bayesian inference. Results indicate a high predictive power for both aggregated data and individual differences across observers. The combination of a novel model with state-of-the-art Bayesian methods lends support to our two-state model using local and global internal attention states for controlling eye movements. <br /> Understanding the decision process underlying gaze control is an important question in cognitive neuroscience with applications in diverse fields ranging from psychology to computer vision. The decision for choosing an upcoming saccade target can be framed as a selection process between two states: Should the observer further inspect the information near the current gaze position (local attention) or continue with exploration of other patches of the given scene (global attention)? Here we propose and investigate a mathematical model motivated by switching between these two attentional states during scene viewing. The model is derived from a minimal set of assumptions that generates realistic eye movement behavior. We implemented a Bayesian approach for model parameter inference based on the model's likelihood function. In order to simplify the inference, we applied data augmentation methods that allowed the use of conjugate priors and the construction of an efficient Gibbs sampler. This approach turned out to be numerically efficient and permitted fitting interindividual differences in saccade statistics. Thus, the main contribution of our modeling approach is two-fold; first, we propose a new model for saccade generation in scene viewing. Second, we demonstrate the use of novel methods from Bayesian inference in the field of scan path modeling.
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007880
SN  - 1553-734X
SN  - 1553-7358
VL  - 16
IS  - 12
PB  - PLoS
CY  - San Fransisco
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle
A1  - Bürger, Arne
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Hammerle, Florian
T1  - A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind)
BT  - study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
T2  - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 820
N2  - Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind).

Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial η-square values.

Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 820 
KW  - psychometric properties
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - predicting stress
KW  - German version
KW  - mental-health
KW  - self-esteem
KW  - reduction
KW  - depression
KW  - management
KW  - benefits
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427568
SN  - 1866-8372
IS  - 820
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kuhlmann, Sophie Merle
A1  - Bürger, Arne
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Hammerle, Florian
T1  - A mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students (MediMind): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
JF  - Trials
N2  - Background: Medical training is very demanding and associated with a high prevalence of psychological distress. Compared to the general population, medical students are at a greater risk of developing a psychological disorder. Various attempts of stress management training in medical school have achieved positive results on minimizing psychological distress; however, there are often limitations. Therefore, the use of a rigorous scientific method is needed. The present study protocol describes a randomized controlled trial to examine the effectiveness of a specifically developed mindfulness-based stress prevention training for medical students that includes selected elements of cognitive behavioral strategies (MediMind).
 Methods/Design: This study protocol presents a prospective randomized controlled trial, involving four assessment time points: baseline, post-intervention, one-year follow-up and five-year follow-up. The aims include evaluating the effect on stress, coping, psychological morbidity and personality traits with validated measures. Participants are allocated randomly to one of three conditions: MediMind, Autogenic Training or control group. Eligible participants are medical or dental students in the second or eighth semester of a German university. They form a population of approximately 420 students in each academic term. A final total sample size of 126 (at five-year follow-up) is targeted. The trainings (MediMind and Autogenic Training) comprise five weekly sessions lasting 90 minutes each. MediMind will be offered to participants of the control group once the five-year follow-up is completed. The allotment is randomized with a stratified allocation ratio by course of studies, semester, and gender. After descriptive statistics have been evaluated, inferential statistical analysis will be carried out with a repeated measures ANOVA-design with interactions between time and group. Effect sizes will be calculated using partial.-square values.
 Discussion: Potential limitations of this study are voluntary participation and the risk of attrition, especially concerning participants that are allocated to the control group. Strengths are the study design, namely random allocation, follow-up assessment, the use of control groups and inclusion of participants at different stages of medical training with the possibility of differential analysis.
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-014-0533-9
SN  - 1745-6215
VL  - 16
PB  - BioMed Central
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kruegel, Andre
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A model of saccadic landing positions in reading under the influence of sensory noise
JF  - Visual cognition
KW  - Bayesian estimation
KW  - Word boundaries
KW  - Saccade planning
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Eye movements during reading
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.894166
SN  - 1350-6285
SN  - 1464-0716
VL  - 22
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 334
EP  - 353
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - O'Hare, David
T1  - A multiple-cue learning approach as the basis for understanding and improving soccer referees' decision making
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-0-444-53356-2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Campbell, Kenneth L.
A1  - Schultheiss, Oliver
A1  - McClelland, David C.
T1  - A necessary adjustment of protocol for use of DPC Coat-a-Count Total Testosterone assay with saliva
Y1  - 1999
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Simon, Tony
A1  - Carbrera, Angel
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - A new approach to the study of subitizing as distinct enumeration processing
Y1  - 1993
SN  - 0-8058- 1487-6
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Giraudier, Manon
A1  - Ventura-Bort, Carlos
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
T1  - A pooled preliminary analysis on the effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation on salivary alpha-amylase as noradrenergic biomarker
T2  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
KW  - Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation
KW  - Salivary
KW  - Alpha-amylase
KW  - Pooled Data
Y1  - 2021
SN  - 1469-8986
VL  - 58
SP  - S60
EP  - S60
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden, Mass. [u.a.]
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Helfert, Susanne
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - A prospective study on the impact of peer and parental pressure on body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls and boys
JF  - Body image : an international journal of research
N2  - The current study explores the role of appearance-related social pressure regarding changes in body image in adolescent girls (n = 236) and boys (n = 193) over a 1-year-period. High school students aged 11-16 completed measures of body dissatisfaction (i.e., weight and muscle concerns) and appearance-related social pressure from peers and parents. Three aspects proved to be particularly crucial: Parental encouragement to control weight and shape was a strong predictor of weight concerns in boys and girls alike; influences of friends affected gender-specific body image concerns by leading to weight concerns in girls and muscle concerns in boys; finally appearance-based exclusion was a predictor of weight concerns in boys. The findings provide longitudinal evidence for the crucial impact of appearance-related social pressure and suggest that a detailed assessment of different types of social impacts can identify concrete targets for effective prevention and therapy for weight-related problems among adolescents.
KW  - Adolescence
KW  - Peer pressure
KW  - Parental pressure
KW  - Weight and muscle concerns
KW  - Body dissatisfaction
KW  - Longitudinal
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.01.004
SN  - 1740-1445
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 101
EP  - 109
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pingel, Ruta
A1  - Fay, Doris
A1  - Urbach, Tina
T1  - A resources perspective on when and how proactive work behaviour leads to employee withdrawal
JF  - Journal of occupational and organizational psychology
N2  - Previous organizational behaviour research has mainly focused on the benefits of proactivity while disregarding its possible drawbacks. The present study examines the ways in which proactive behaviour may foster counterproductive behaviour through increased emotional and cognitive strain. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, we propose that proactive behaviour is a resource-consuming activity that causes irritability and work-related rumination, which, in turn, leads to instrumentally driven employee withdrawal. Further, we hypothesize that external motivation towards proactivity amplifies its strain-eliciting effects. We conducted a longitudinal three-wave questionnaire study (N = 231) and tested hypotheses using an autoregressive, time-lagged model with latent variables. Results showed that when external motivation for proactivity was high, proactivity led to increased irritability and rumination; irritability was, in turn, related to higher levels of withdrawal. The moderated mediation analysis revealed that when external motivation towards proactive behaviour was high, proactive behaviour had an indirect effect on withdrawal behaviour via irritability. The direct effect of proactivity on work-related rumination was in the expected direction, but failed to reach conventional levels of significance (beta = .09, p = .08). Our results indicate that proactivity is not without costs, most clearly if motivated by external reasons.
KW  - proactive work behavior
KW  - strain
KW  - employee withdrawal
KW  - external motivation
KW  - longitudinal research
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12254
SN  - 0963-1798
SN  - 2044-8325
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
SP  - 410
EP  - 435
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Nazir, Tatjana A.
A1  - Hrycyk, Lianna
A1  - Moreau, Quentin
A1  - Frak, Victor
A1  - Cheylus, Anne
A1  - Ott, Laurent
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
A1  - Paulignan, Yves
A1  - Delevoye-Turrell, Yvonne
T1  - A simple technique to study embodied language processes
BT  - the grip force sensor
JF  - Behavior research methods : a journal of the Psychonomic Society
N2  - Research in cognitive neuroscience has shown that brain structures serving perceptual, emotional, and motor processes are also recruited during the understanding of language when it refers to emotion, perception, and action. However, the exact linguistic and extralinguistic conditions under which such language-induced activity in modality-specific cortex is triggered are not yet well understood. The purpose of this study is to introduce a simple experimental technique that allows for the online measure of language-induced activity in motor structures of the brain. This technique consists in the use of a grip force sensor that captures subtle grip force variations while participants listen to words and sentences. Since grip force reflects activity in motor brain structures, the continuous monitoring of force fluctuations provides a fine-grained estimation of motor activity across time. In other terms, this method allows for both localization of the source of language-induced activity to motor brain structures and high temporal resolution of the recorded data. To facilitate comparison of the data to be collected with this tool, we present two experiments that describe in detail the technical setup, the nature of the recorded data, and the analyses (including justification about the data filtering and artifact rejection) that we applied. We also discuss how the tool could be used in other domains of behavioral research.
KW  - Grip-force sensor
KW  - Embodiment
KW  - Language
KW  - Motor system
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0696-7
SN  - 1554-351X
SN  - 1554-3528
VL  - 49
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Andree, Kai
A1  - Heywood, John S.
A1  - Schwan, Mike
A1  - Wang, Zheng
T1  - A spatial model of cartel stability
BT  - the influence of production cost convexity
JF  - Bulletin of economic research
N2  - We uniquely introduce convex production costs into a cartel model involving spatial price discrimination. We demonstrate that greater convexity improves cartel stability and that for sufficient convexity first best locations will be adopted. We show that allowing locations to vary over the game reduces cartel stability but that greater convexity continues to improve that stability. Moreover, when the degree of convexity does not support the first best collusive locations, other collusive locations exist that require less stability and these may either increase or decrease social welfare relative to competition. Critically, these locations that require less stability are more dispersed in sharp contrast to the known result assuming linear production costs.
KW  - cartel stability
KW  - convex costs
KW  - delivered pricing
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/boer.12149
SN  - 0307-3378
SN  - 1467-8586
VL  - 70
IS  - 3
SP  - 298
EP  - 311
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Vollmeyer, Regina
A1  - Rheinberg, Falko
T1  - A surprising effect of feedback on learning
N2  - As meta-analyses demonstrate feedback effects on performance, our study examined possible mediators. Based on our cognitive-motivational model [Vollmeyer, R., & Rhemberg, F. (1998). Motivationale Einflusse auf Erwerb und Anwendung von Wissen in einem computersimulierten System [Motivational influences on the acquisition and application of knowledge in a simulated system]. Zeitschrift fur Padagogische Psychologie, 12, 11-23] we examined how feedback changed (1) strategies, and (2) motivation during learning, and by doing so improved (3) final performance. Students (N = 211) learned how a dynamic system works and how to reach given goal states for the system. One group received feedback (i.e., knowledge of performance) the other one did not. We expected learners to improve after they received the first feedback. However, we found that learners expecting feedback used better strategies right from the start. Thus, they acquired more knowledge over fewer trials. Although we had also expected effects of feedback on motivation during learning, we could not support this hypothesis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Y1  - 2005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Balbi, María Alejandra
A1  - von Hagen, Alexa
A1  - Cuadro, Ariel
A1  - Ruiz, Carola
T1  - A systematic review on early literacy interventions
T1  - Revisión sistemática sobre intervenciones en alfabetización temprana
BT  - implications for interventions in Spanish
BT  - implicancias para intervenir en español
JF  - Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología
N2  - An area of increasing interest amongst teachers and researchers is the availability of tools for the design and implementation of literacy interventions with Spanish speaking children. The present systematic literature review contributes to this need by summarizing available findings on evidence-based literacy interventions (EBI) for children from first to third year of primary school. Our results are based on 20 EBI that aimed at improving at least one of the critical components mentioned by the NRP (2000): phonological awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary and comprehension. As 90% of the studies were completed with English-speaking children, we critically discussed the applicability of this evidence to the specific context of Spanish-speaking countries. Although many of the general characteristics of the EBI completed with English speaking children could also guide interventions in Spanish, it remains crucial to take into account structural differences between the orthographies of both languages. Moreover, we identified transversal strategies and implementation techniques that due to their universal character could also be useful for early literacy interventions in Spanish. (c) 2018 Fundacion Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/bync-nd/4.0/).
N2  - Contar con herramientas para el diseño y la implementación de intervenciones en alfabetización con niños hispanohablantes reúne cada vez mayor interés entre docentes e investigadores. Para contribuir a esta demanda, realizamos una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de sintetizar la información disponible sobre intervenciones basadas en la evidencia (IBE) con niños de primero a tercer grado escolar. Nuestros resultados recogen información sobre 20 IBE, que buscaron mejorar al menos uno de los siguientes componentes críticos nombrados por el NRP (2000): conciencia fonológica, principio alfabético, fluidez, vocabulario y comprensión. Dado que el 90% de ellos fue realizado con niños angloparlantes nos dedicamos a discutir críticamente la aplicabilidad de esta evidencia al contexto particular de países hispanohablantes. Si bien muchas de las características generales de las IBE implementadas en inglés podrían servir de guía para intervenir en español, resulta imprescindible tener en cuenta las diferencias estructurales en la ortografía de ambas lenguas. A su vez, identificamos estrategias transversales y técnicas de implementación en las IBE, que por su carácter universal podrían ser de utilidad práctica también para intervenir en el desarrollo lector en español.
KW  - early literacy
KW  - evidence-based interventions (EBI)
KW  - reading
KW  - systematic review
KW  - superficial orthography
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n1.4
SN  - 0120-0534
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
SP  - 31
EP  - 48
PB  - Foundation advancement psychology
CY  - Bogota
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kansok-Dusche, Julia
A1  - Ballaschk, Cindy
A1  - Krause, Norman
A1  - Zeissig, Anke
A1  - Seemann-Herz, Lisanne
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Bilz, Ludwig
T1  - A systematic review on hate speech among children and adolescents
BT  - definitions, prevalence, and overlap with related phenomena
JF  - Trauma, violence & abuse : a review journal
N2  - Little is known about the current state of research on the involvement of young people in hate speech. Thus, this systematic review presents findings on a) the prevalence of hate speech among children and adolescents and on hate speech definitions that guide prevalence assessments for this population; and b) the theoretical and empirical overlap of hate speech with related concepts. This review was guided by the Cochrane approach. To be included, publications were required to deal with real-life experiences of hate speech, to provide empirical data on prevalence for samples aged 5 to 21 years and they had to be published in academic formats. Included publications were full-text coded using two raters (kappa = .80) and their quality was assessed. The string-guided electronic search (ERIC, SocInfo, Psycinfo, Psyndex) yielded 1,850 publications. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and their findings were systematized. Twelve publications were of medium quality due to minor deficiencies in their theoretical or methodological foundations. All studies used samples of adolescents and none of younger children. Nine out of 10 studies applied quantitative methodologies. Eighteen publications based on 10 studies were included. Results showed that frequencies for hate speech exposure were higher than those related to victimization and perpetration. Definitions of hate speech and assessment instruments were heterogeneous. Empirical evidence for an often theorized overlap between hate speech and bullying was found. The paper concludes by presenting a definition of hate speech, including implications for practice, policy, and research.
KW  - hate speech
KW  - bullying
KW  - adolescents
KW  - children
KW  - youth
KW  - systematic review
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380221108070
SN  - 1524-8380
SN  - 1552-8324
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
SP  - 2598
EP  - 2615
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Hohenstein, Sven
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
T1  - A theoretical analysis of the perceptual span based on SWIFT simulations of the n+2 boundary paradigm
JF  - Visual cognition
N2  - Eye-movement experiments suggest that the perceptual span during reading is larger than the fixated word, asymmetric around the fixation position, and shrinks in size contingent on the foveal processing load. We used the SWIFT model of eye-movement control during reading to test these hypotheses and their implications under the assumption of graded parallel processing of all words inside the perceptual span. Specifically, we simulated reading in the boundary paradigm and analysed the effects of denying the model to have valid preview of a parafoveal word n + 2 two words to the right of fixation. Optimizing the model parameters for the valid preview condition only, we obtained span parameters with remarkably realistic estimates conforming to the empirical findings on the size of the perceptual span. More importantly, the SWIFT model generated parafoveal processing up to word n + 2 without fitting the model to such preview effects. Our results suggest that asymmetry and dynamic modulation are plausible properties of the perceptual span in a parallel word-processing model such as SWIFT. Moreover, they seem to guide the flexible distribution of processing resources during reading between foveal and parafoveal words.
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Reading
KW  - Computational modelling
KW  - Perceptual span
KW  - Preview
Y1  - 2014
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2014.881444
SN  - 1350-6285
SN  - 1464-0716
VL  - 22
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 283
EP  - 308
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Wollny, Anna
A1  - Seidler, Juliana
A1  - Wochatz, Germar
T1  - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
N2  - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.
KW  - externalization
KW  - internalization
KW  - level of personality functioning
KW  - mentalization
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - schema modes
KW  - trait emotional
KW  - intelligence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12670
SN  - 0036-5564
SN  - 1467-9450
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
SP  - 227
EP  - 236
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - GEN
A1  - Jacobs, Ingo
A1  - Wollny, Anna
A1  - Seidler, Juliana
A1  - Wochatz, Germar
T1  - A trait emotional intelligence perspective on schema modes
T2  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe
N2  - Schema modes (ormodes) are a key concept in the theory underlying schema therapy. Modes have rarely been related to established models of personality traits. The present study thus investigates the associations between trait emotional intelligence (TEI) and 14 modes, and tests a global TEI-mode factors-general psychological distress mediation model. The study draws on self-report data from 173 inpatients from a German clinic for psychosomatic medicine. Global TEI correlated positively with both healthy modes (happy child and healthy adult) and negatively with 10 maladaptive modes. When modes were regressed on the four TEI factors, six (emotionality), five (well-being), four (sociability), and four (self-control) significant partial effects on 10 modes emerged. In the parallel mediation model, the mode factors internalization and compulsivity fully mediated the global TEI-general psychological distress link. Implications of the results for the integration of modes with traits in general and with TEI in particular as well as implications of low TEI as a transdiagnostic feature of personality malfunctioning are discussed.
T3  - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 858 
KW  - externalization
KW  - internalization
KW  - level of personality functioning
KW  - mentalization
KW  - psychological distress
KW  - schema modes
KW  - trait emotional intelligence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-541857
SN  - 1866-8364
IS  - 2
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Zhou, Wei
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
A1  - Yan, Ming
T1  - A validation of parafoveal semantic information extraction in reading Chinese
JF  - Journal of research in reading : a journal of the United Kingdom Reading Association
N2  - Parafoveal semantic processing has recently been well documented in reading Chinese sentences, presumably because of language-specific features. However, because of a large variation of fixation landing positions on pretarget words, some preview words actually were located in foveal vision when readers' eyes landed close to the end of the pretarget words. None of the previous studies has completely ruled out a possibility that the semantic preview effects might mainly arise from these foveally processed preview words. This case, whether previously observed positive evidence for parafoveal semantic processing can still hold, has been called into question. Using linear mixed models, we demonstrate in this study that semantic preview benefit from word N+1 decreased if fixation on pretarget word N was close to the preview. We argue that parafoveal semantic processing is not a consequence of foveally processed preview words.
KW  - semantic
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - reading
KW  - Chinese
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2013.01556.x
SN  - 0141-0423
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
SP  - S51
EP  - S63
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schweizer, Geoffrey
A1  - Plessner, Henning
A1  - Kahlert, Daniela
A1  - Brand, Ralf
T1  - A Video-Based training method for improving soccer referees' intuitive decision-making skills
JF  - Journal of applied sport psychology
N2  - We present a video-based online training-tool (SET, for Schiedsrichter-Entscheidungs-Training, in German) for improving soccer referees' decisions. We assume that referees' decision-making in contact situations mainly relies on intuitive processing. For improving intuitive decisions, feedback on the correctness of decisions is essential; explanations are not required (Hogarth, 2008). Referees participating in SET watch videos, make decisions, and receive feedback. Evidence of the training's effectiveness was obtained in two experiments with soccer players and expert referees. Immediate feedback on the correctness of decisions without further explanations was sufficient for increasing decision accuracy. Results illustrate that SET is a promising tool for complementing referees' training.
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200.2011.555346
SN  - 1041-3200
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 429
EP  - 442
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
T1  - A wolf in sheep’s clothing?
BT  - Communal narcissism and positive implicit self-views in the communal domain
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - Communal narcissists possess the unique belief in their capability to bring about freedom to the world, and so see themselves as “saints”. To examine if this communal self-view extends to the more automatic component of self-evaluation, that is, a person’s implicit self-view, the present study (N = 701) tested the extent to which communal narcissism was associated with explicit communal self-ratings and implicit associations between the self and communal attributes. The latent correlation between communal narcissism and explicit communal self-views was strongly positive, yet no such relationship emerged for implicit communal self-views. These findings support the notion that communal narcissism may represent an effort to gain favorable appraisals from others in the absence of a genuine communal self-view.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Communion
KW  - Agency
KW  - Self
KW  - Implicit Association Test
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.07.004
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 76
SP  - 17
EP  - 21
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Freudenberg, Maxi
A1  - Mauersberger, Heidi
A1  - Springer, Anne
A1  - Fotopoulou, Aikaterini
A1  - Blaison, Christophe
A1  - Hess, Ursula
T1  - A woman's best friend how the presence of dogs reduces Experimentally induced pain
T2  - Psychophysiology : journal of the Society for Psychophysiological Research
KW  - EMG
KW  - cold pressor pain
Y1  - 2013
SN  - 0048-5772
VL  - 50
SP  - S103
EP  - S103
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
T1  - Abhängigkeit von legalen und illegalen psychotropen Substanzen
Y1  - 2008
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - Ablehnung und Vernachlässigung von Säuglingen
Y1  - 2002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Rheinberg, Falko
T1  - Abschließende Wertung der Interventionsstudien und Ausblick
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-8017-1905-7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Borghi, Anna M.
A1  - Shaki, Samuel
A1  - Fischer, Martin H.
T1  - Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues
JF  - Psychological research : an international journal of perception, attention, memory, and action
N2  - There is a longstanding and widely held misconception about the relative remoteness of abstract concepts from concrete experiences. This review examines the current evidence for external influences and internal constraints on the processing, representation, and use of abstract concepts, like truth, friendship, and number. We highlight the theoretical benefit of distinguishing between grounded and embodied cognition and then ask which roles do perception, action, language, and social interaction play in acquiring, representing and using abstract concepts. By reviewing several studies, we show that they are, against the accepted definition, not detached from perception and action. Focussing on magnitude-related concepts, we also discuss evidence for cultural influences on abstract knowledge and explore how internal processes such as inner speech, metacognition, and inner bodily signals (interoception) influence the acquisition and retrieval of abstract knowledge. Finally, we discuss some methodological developments. Specifically, we focus on the importance of studies that investigate the time course of conceptual processing and we argue that, because of the paramount role of sociality for abstract concepts, new methods are necessary to study concepts in interactive situations. We conclude that bodily, linguistic, and social constraints provide important theoretical limitations for our theories of conceptual knowledge.
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-022-01698-4
SN  - 0340-0727
SN  - 1430-2772
VL  - 86
SP  - 2370
EP  - 2388
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bogdanova, Oksana Yu
A1  - Miklashevsky, Alex A.
A1  - Bogdanova, Elena L.
A1  - Soldatenkova, O. B.
T1  - Academic Achievement in Math and Foreign Language: Individual Characteristics and Gender Stereotypes
JF  - Sibirskiy psikholoicheskiy zurnal - Siberian of Journal psychology
N2  - The study aims to investigate the contribution of individual characteristics and gender stereotypes of secondary school pupils in academic achievement in math and foreign language. A sample of pupils reported in 6th and 7th grades (three waves) their self-perceived ability and motivation for math and foreign language learning, math and foreign language gender stereotypes, implicit theories of intelligence; academic achievement (grades) in math in foreign language is also included in the analysis. Regression analysis and Mann Whitney U Test demonstrated that self-perceived ability in math and incremental theory of intelligence are significant predictors for academic achievement in maths. Boys are characterised by higher level of self-perceived abilities and motivation for learning math. However, academic achievement of girls in maths and foreign languages are higher as compared to boys. Pupils learning two foreign languages demonstrate higher level of self-perceived abilities for motivation and learning math and less expressed gender stereotypes about success in learning math and foreign languages. Study findings can be used for designing educational programmes for mathematics and foreign languages, professional development and finding solutions for individualized approach in school education.
KW  - self-perceived ability
KW  - motivation
KW  - gender stereotype
KW  - implicit theory of intelligence
KW  - mathematics
KW  - foreign language
KW  - academic achievement
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.17223/17267080/73/11
SN  - 1726-7080
SN  - 2411-0809
IS  - 73
SP  - 176
EP  - 196
PB  - Tomsk state univ
CY  - Tomsk
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Meshi, Dar
A1  - Merkl, Angela
A1  - Heekeren, Hauke R.
T1  - Accepting unfairness by a significant other is associated with reduced connectivity between medial prefrontal and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
JF  - Social Neuroscience
N2  - Conflict is a ubiquitous feature of interpersonal relationships, yet many of these relationships preserve their value following conflict. Our ability to refrain from punishment despite the occurrence of conflict is a characteristic of human beings. Using a combination of behavioral and neuroimaging techniques, we show that prosocial decision-making is modulated by relationship closeness. In an iterated social exchange, participants were more likely to cooperate with their partner compared to an unknown person by accepting unfair exchanges. Importantly, this effect was not influenced by how resources were actually being shared with one’s partner. The medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) was activated when the partner, rather than the unknown person, behaved unfairly and, in the same context, the MPFC demonstrated greater functional connectivity with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC). MPFC–DACC connectivity was inversely associated with participants’ tendency to “forgive” their partner for unfairness as well as performance outside the scanner on a behavioral measure of forgiveness. We conclude that relationship closeness modulates a neural network comprising the MPFC/DACC during economic exchanges.
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - interpersonal relationships
KW  - ultimatum game
KW  - social cognition
KW  - medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC)
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2016.1252795
SN  - 1747-0919
SN  - 1747-0927
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
PB  - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group
CY  - Abingdon
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - Van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
A1  - Noack, Peter
T1  - Acculturation and School Adjustment of Early-Adolescent Immigrant Boys and Girls in Germany
BT  - Conditions in School, Family, and Ethnic Group
JF  - The Journal of Early Adolescence
N2  - Navigating between cultures in addition to developmental changes and challenges in early adolescence can be difficult. We investigated school, family, and ethnic group as conditions for acculturation and school adjustment among early-adolescent boys and girls. Analyses were based on 860 mostly second- and third-generation immigrant students from 71 countries (50% male; M-age = 11.59 years), attending German secondary schools. Perceived support for inclusion and integration in school and family were associated with a stronger orientation toward both cultures (integration) and better adjustment (e.g., higher school marks, more well-being). Perceived cultural distance and ethnic discrimination were associated with a stronger ethnic and weaker mainstream orientation (separation), and lower adjustment. Boys perceived contextual conditions more negatively, had a weaker mainstream orientation, and showed more behavioral problems but did not differ from girls in the associations between contextual conditions and acculturation and adjustment. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.
KW  - acculturation
KW  - school adjustment
KW  - context
KW  - gender differences
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431616670991
SN  - 0272-4316
SN  - 1552-5449
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
SP  - 352
EP  - 384
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schachner, Maja Katharina
A1  - He, Jia
A1  - Heizmann, Boris
A1  - Van de Vijver, Fons J. R.
T1  - Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA)
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - adolescent immigrants
KW  - acculturation
KW  - multicultural policy
KW  - cross-cultural comparison
KW  - school adjustment
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00649
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Engeser, Stefan
A1  - Rheinberg, Falko
A1  - Moeller, Matthias
T1  - Achievement motive imagery in German schoolbooks : a pilot study testing McClelland's hypothesis
N2  - McClelland [McClelland, D.C. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand] observed that the amount of achievement imagery in children's books predicted the economic development of societies. He argued that achievement imagery is an indicator of a motivational climate, and when children grow up in a society that emphasizes the striving for achievement, they will be more economically productive later on. We tested McClelland's hypothesis by coding school textbooks for achievement imagery from two German federal states (Baden-Wurttemberg and Bremen) with pronounced differences in economic and educational conditions. As expected, the schoolbooks from the state with the more advantageous conditions contained more achievement imagery.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00926566
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2008.12.001
SN  - 0092-6566
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
A1  - Lindemann, Oliver
A1  - Paulus, Markus
T1  - Acquisition of action knowledge through verbal and social learning
T2  - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science
Y1  - 2012
SN  - 1612-4782
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
SP  - S10
EP  - S10
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hommel, Bernhard
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Acquisition, represention, and control of action
Y1  - 2009
SN  - 978-0-19-530998-0
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adam, Maurits
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Action effects foster 11-month-olds’ prediction of action goals for a non-human agent
JF  - Infant behavior & development : an international and interdisciplinary journal
N2  - Action effects have been stated to be important for infants’ processing of goal-directed actions. In this study, 11-month-olds showed equally fast predictive gaze shifts to a claw’s action goal when the grasping action was presented either with three agency cues (self-propelled movement, equifinality of goal achievement and a salient action effect) or with only a salient action effect, but infants showed tracking gaze when the claw showed only self-propelled movement and equifinality of goal achievement. The results suggest that action effects, compared to purely kinematic cues, seem to be especially important for infants' online processing of goal-directed actions.
KW  - Infancy
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Goal anticipation
KW  - Action effects
KW  - Agency cues
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2018.09.002
SN  - 0163-6383
SN  - 1879-0453
VL  - 53
SP  - 49
EP  - 55
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Adam, Maurits
T1  - Action-goal predictions in infancy
BT  - The influence of agency cues and verbal information
Y1  - 2019
ER  - 
TY  - THES
A1  - Patzwald, Christiane
T1  - Actions through the lens of communicative cues
BT  - the influence of verbal cues and emotional cues on action processing and action selection in the second year of life
N2  - The PhD thesis entitled “Actions through the lens of communicative cues. The influence of verbal cues and emotional cues on action processing and action selection in the second year of life” is based on four studies, which examined the cognitive integration of another person’s communicative cues (i.e., verbal cues, emotional cues) with behavioral cues in 18- and 24-month-olds. In the context of social learning of instrumental actions, it was investigated how the intention-related coherence of either a verbally announced action intention or an emotionally signaled action evaluation with an action demonstration influenced infants’ neuro-cognitive processing (Study I) and selection (Studies II, III, IV) of a novel object-directed action. Developmental research has shown that infants benefit from another’s behavioral cues (e.g., action effect, persistency, selectivity) to infer the underlying goal or intention, respectively, of an observed action (e.g., Cannon & Woodward, 2012; Woodward, 1998). Particularly action effects support infants in distinguishing perceptual action features (e.g., target object identity, movement trajectory, final target object state) from conceptual action features such as goals and intentions. However, less is known about infants’ ability to cognitively integrate another’s behavioral cues with additional action-related communicative cues. There is some evidence showing that in the second year of life, infants selectively imitate a novel action that is verbally (“There!”) or emotionally (positive expression) marked as aligning with the model’s action intention over an action that is verbally (“Whoops!”) or emotionally (negative expression) marked as unintentional (Carpenter, Akhtar, & Tomasello, 1998; Olineck & Poulin-Dubois, 2005, 2009; Repacholi, 2009; Repacholi, Meltzoff, Toub, & Ruba, 2016). Yet, it is currently unclear which role the specific intention-related coherence of a communicative cue with a behavioral cue plays in infants’ action processing and action selection that is, whether the communicative cue confirms, contrasts, clarifies, or is unrelated to the behavioral cue. Notably, by using both verbal cues and emotional cues, we examined not only two domains of communicative cues but also two qualitatively distinct relations between behavioral cues on the one hand and communicative cues on the other hand. More specifically, a verbal cue has the potential to communicate an action intention in the absence of an action demonstration and thus a prior-intention (Searle, 1983), whereas an emotional cue evaluates an ongoing or past action demonstration and thus signals an intention-in-action (Searle, 1983). In a first research focus, this thesis examined infants’ capacity to cognitively integrate another’s intention-related communicative cues and behavioral cues, and also focused on the role of the social cues’ coherence in infants’ action processing and action selection. In a second research focus, and to gain more elaborate insights into how the sub-processes of social learning (attention, encoding, response; cf. Bandura, 1977) are involved in this coherence-sensitive integrative processing, we employed a multi-measures approach. More specifically, we used Electroencephalography (EEG) and looking times to examine how the cues’ coherence influenced the compound of attention and encoding, and imitation (including latencies to first-touch and first-action) to address the compound of encoding and response. Based on the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), we predicted that infants use extra-motor information (i.e., communicative cues) together with behavioral cues to reconstruct another’s action intention. Accordingly, we expected infants to possess a flexibly organized internal action hierarchy, which they adapt according to the cues’ coherence that is, according to what they inferred to be the overarching action goal. More specifically, in a social-learning situation that comprised an adult model, who demonstrated an action on a novel object that offered two actions, we expected the demonstrated action to lead infants’ action hierarchy when the communicative (i.e., verbal, emotional) cue conveyed similar (confirming coherence) or no additional (un-related coherence) intention-related information relative to the behavioral cue. In terms of action selection, this action hierarchy should become evident in a selective imitation of the demonstrated action. However, when the communicative cue questioned (contrasting coherence) the behaviorally implied action goal or was the only cue conveying meaningful intention-related information (clarifying coherence), the verbally/emotionally intended action should ascend infants’ action hierarchy. Consequently, infants’ action selection should align with the verbally/emotionally intended action (goal emulation). Notably, these predictions oppose the direct-matching perspective (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004), according to which the observation of another’s action directly resonates with the observer’s motor repertoire, with this motor resonance enabling the identification of the underlying action goal. Importantly, the direct-matching perspective predicts a rather inflexible action hierarchy inasmuch as the process of goal identification should solely rely on the behavioral cue, irrespective of the behavioral cue’s coherence with extra-motor intention-related information, as it may be conveyed via communicative cues. As to the role of verbal cues, Study I used EEG to examine the influence of a confirming (Congruent) versus contrasting (Incongruent) coherence of a verbal action intention with the same action demonstration on 18-month-olds’ conceptual action processing (as measured via mid-latency mean negative ERP amplitude) and motor activation (as measured via central mu-frequency band power). The action was demonstrated on a novel object that offered two action alternatives from a neutral position. We expected mid-latency ERP negativity to be enhanced in Incongruent compared to Congruent, because past EEG research has demonstrated enhanced conceptual processing for stimuli that mismatched rather than matched the semantic context (Friedrich & Friederici, 2010; Kaduk et al., 2016). Regarding motor activation, Csibra (2007) posited that the identification of a clear action goal constitutes a crucial basis for motor activation to occur. We therefore predicted reduced mu power (indicating enhanced motor activation) for Congruent than Incongruent, because in Congruent, the cues’ match provides unequivocal information about the model’s action goal, whereas in Incongruent, the conflict may render the model’s action goal more unclear. Unexpectedly, in the entire sample, 18-month-olds’ mid-latency ERP negativity during the observation of the same action demonstration did not differ significantly depending on whether this action was congruent or incongruent with the model’s verbal action intention. Yet, post hoc analyses revealed the presence of two subgroups of infants, each of which exhibited significantly different mid-latency ERP negativity for Congruent versus Incongruent, but in opposing directions. The subgroups differed in their productive action-related language skills, with the linguistically more advanced infants exhibiting the expected response pattern of enhanced ERP mean negativity in Incongruent than Congruent, indicating enhanced conceptual processing of an action demonstration that was contrasted rather than confirmed by the verbal action context. As expected, central mu power in the entire sample was reduced in Congruent relative to Incongruent, indicating enhanced motor activation when the action demonstration was preceded by a confirming relative to a contrasting verbal action intention. This finding may indicate the covert preparation for a preferential imitation of the congruent relative to the incongruent action (Filippi et al., 2016; Frey & Gerry, 2006). Overall, these findings are in line with the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), because they suggest a coherence-sensitive attention to and encoding of the same perceptual features of another’s behavior and thus a cognitive integration of intention-related verbal cues and behavioral cues. Yet, because the subgroup constellation in infants’ ERPs was only discovered post hoc, future research is clearly required to substantiate this finding. Also, future research should validate our interpretation that enhanced motor activation may reflect an electrophysiological marker of subsequent imitation by employing EEG and imitation in a within-subjects design. Study II built on Study I by investigating the impact of coherence of a verbal cue and a behavioral cue on 18- and 24-month-olds’ action selection in an imitation study. When infants of both age groups observed a confirming (Congruent) or unrelated (Pseudo-word: action demonstration was associated with novel verb-like cue) coherence, they selectively imitated the demonstrated action over the not demonstrated, alternative action, with no difference between these two conditions. These findings suggest that, as expected, infants’ action hierarchy was led by the demonstrated action when the verbal cue provided similar (Congruent) or no additional (Pseudo-word) intention-related information relative to a meaningful behavioral cue. These findings support the above-mentioned interpretation that enhanced motor activation during action observation may reflect a covert preparation for imitation (Study I). Interestingly, infants did not seem to benefit from the intention-highlighting effect of the verbal cue in Congruent, suggesting that the verbal cue had an unspecific (e.g., attention-guiding) effect on infants’ action selection. Contrary, when infants observed a contrasting (Incongruent) or clarifying (Failed-attempt: model failed to manipulate the object but verbally announced a certain action intention) coherence, their action selection varied with age and also varied across the course of the experiment (block 1 vs. block 2). More specifically, the 24-month-olds made stronger use of the verbal cue for their action selection in block 1 than did the 18-month-olds. However, while the 18-month-olds’ use of the verbal cue increased across blocks, particularly in Incongruent, the 24-month-olds’ use of the verbal cue decreased across blocks. Overall, these results suggest that, as expected, infants’ action hierarchy in Incongruent (both age groups) and Failed-attempt (only 24-month-olds) drew on the verbal action intention, because in both age groups, infants emulated the verbal intention about as often as they imitated the demonstrated action or even emulated the verbal action intention preferentially. Yet, these findings were confined to certain blocks. It may be argued that the younger age group had a harder time inferring and emulating the intended, yet never observed action, because this requirement is more demanding in cognitive and motor terms. These demands may explain why the 18-month-olds needed some time to take account of the verbal action intention. Contrary, it seems that the 24-month-olds, although demonstrating their principle capacity to take account of the verbal cue in block 1, lost trust in the model’s verbal cue, maybe because the verbal cue did not have predictive value for the model’s actual behavior. Supporting this interpretation, research on selective trust has demonstrated that already infants evaluate another’s reliability or competence, respectively, based on how that model handles familiar objects (behavioral reliability) or labels familiar objects (verbal reliability; for reviews, see Mills, 2013; Poulin-Dubois & Brosseau-Liard, 2016). Relatedly, imitation research has demonstrated that the interpersonal aspects of a social-learning situation gain increasing relevance for infants during the second year of life (Gellén & Buttelmann, 2019; Matheson, Moore, & Akhtar, 2013; Uzgiris, 1981). It may thus be argued that when the 24-month-olds were repeatedly faced with a verbally unreliable model, they de-evaluated the verbal cue as signaling the model’s action intention and instead relied more heavily on alternative cues such as the behavioral cue (Incongruent) or the action context (e.g., object affordances, salience; Failed-attempt). Infants’ first-action latencies were higher in Incongruent and Failed-attempt than in both Congruent and Pseudo-word, and were also higher in Failed-attempt than in Incongruent. These latency-findings thus indicate that situations involving a meaningful verbal cue that deviated from the behavioral cue are cognitively more demanding, resulting in a delayed initiation of a behavioral response. In sum, the findings of Study II suggest that both age groups were highly flexible in their integration of a verbal cue and behavioral cue. Moreover, our results do not indicate a general superiority of either cue. Instead, it seems to depend on the informational gain conveyed by the verbal cue whether it exerts a specific, intention-highlighting effect (Incongruent, Failed-attempt) or an unspecific (e.g., attention-guiding) effect (Congruent, Pseudo-word). Studies III and IV investigated the impact of another’s action-related emotional cues on 18-month-olds’ action selection. In Study III, infants observed a model, who demonstrated two actions on a novel object in direct succession, and who combined one of the two actions with a positive (happy) emotional expression and the other action with a negative (sad) emotional expression. As expected, infants imitated the positively emoted (PE) action more often than the negatively emoted (NE) action. This preference arose from an increase in infants’ readiness to perform the PE action from the baseline period (prior to the action demonstrations) to the test period (following the action demonstrations), rather than from a decrease in readiness to the perform the NE action. The positive cue thus had a stronger behavior-regulating effect than the negative cue. Notably, infants’ more general object-directed behavior in terms of first-touch latencies remained unaffected by the emotional cues’ valence, indicating that infants had linked the emotional cues specifically to the corresponding action and not the object as a whole (Repacholi, 2009). Also, infants’ looking times during the action demonstration did not differ significantly as a function of emotional valence and were characterized by a predominant attentional focus to the action/object rather than to the model’s face. Together with the findings on infants’ first-touch latencies, these results indicate a sensitivity for the notion that emotions can have very specific referents (referential specificity; Martin, Maza, McGrath, & Phelps, 2014). Together, Study III provided evidence for selective imitation based on another’s intention-related (particularly positive) emotional cues in an action-selection task, and thus indicates that infants’ action hierarchy flexibly responds to another’s emotional evaluation of observed actions. According to Repacholi (2009), we suggest that infants used the model’s emotional evaluation to re-appraise the corresponding action (effect), for instance in terms of desirability. Study IV followed up on Study III by investigating the role of the negative emotional cue for infants’ action selection in more detail. Specifically, we investigated whether a contrasting (negative) emotional cue alone would be sufficient to differentially rank the two actions along infants’ action hierarchy or whether instead infants require direct information about the model’s action intention (in the form of a confirming action-emotion pair) to align their action selection with the emotional cues. Also, we examined whether the absence of a direct behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue in Study III was due to the negative cue itself or to the concurrently available positive cue masking the negative cue’s potential effect. To this end, we split the demonstration of the two action-emotion pairs across two trials. In each trial, one action was thus demonstrated and emoted (PE, NE action), and one action was not demonstrated and un-emoted (UE action). For trial 1, we predicted that infants, who observed a PE action demonstration, would selectively imitate the PE action, whereas infants, who observed a NE action demonstration would selectively emulate the UE action. As to trial 2, we expected the complementary action-emotion pair to provide additional clarifying information as the model’s emotional evaluation of both actions, which should either lead to adaptive perseveration (if infants’ action selection in trial 1 had already drawn on the emotional cue) or adaptive change (if infants’ action selection in trial 1 signaled a disregard of the emotional cue). As to trial 1, our findings revealed that, as expected, infants imitated the PE action more often than they emulated the UE action. Like in Study III, this selectivity arose from an increase in infants’ propensity to perform the PE action from baseline to trial 1. Also like in Study III, infants performed the NE action about equally often in baseline and trial 1, which speaks against a direct behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue also when presented in isolation. However, after a NE action demonstration, infants emulated the UE action more often in trial 1 than in baseline, suggesting an indirect behavior-regulating effect of the negative cue. Yet, this indirect effect did not yield a selective emulation of the UE action, because infants performed both action alternatives about equally often in trial 1. Unexpectedly, infants’ action selection in trial 2 was unaffected by the emotional cue. Instead, infants perseverated their action selection of trial 1 in trial 2, irrespective of whether it was adaptive or non-adaptive with respect to the model’s emotional evaluation of the action. It seems that infants changed their strategy across trials, from an initial adherence to the emotional (particularly positive) cue, towards bringing about a salient action effect (Marcovich & Zelazo, 2009). In sum, Studies III and IV indicate a dynamic interplay of different action-selection strategies, depending on valence and presentation order. Apparently, at least in infancy, action reconstruction as one basis for selective action performance reaches its limits when infants can only draw on indirect intention-related information (i.e., which action should be avoided). Overall, our findings favor the action-reconstruction account (Csibra, 2007), according to which actions are flexibly organized along a hierarchy, depending on inferential processes based on extra-motor intention-related information. At the same time, the findings question the direct-matching hypothesis (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004), according to which the identification (and pursuit) of action goals hinges on a direct simulation of another’s behavioral cues. Based on the studies’ findings, a preliminary working model is introduced, which seeks to integrate the two theoretical accounts by conceptualizing the routes that activation induced by social cues may take to eventually influence an infant’s action selection. Our findings indicate that it is useful to strive a differentiated conceptualization of communicative cues, because they seem to operate at different places within the process of cue integration, depending on their potential to convey direct intention-related information. Moreover, we suggest that there is bidirectional exchange within each compound of adjacent sub-processes (i.e., between attention and encoding, and encoding and response), and between the compounds. Hence, our findings highlight the benefits of a multi-measures approach when studying the development of infants’ social-cognitive abilities, because it provides a more comprehensive picture how the concerted use of social cues from different domains influences infants’ processing and selection of instrumental actions. Finally, this thesis points to potential future directions to substantiate our current interpretation of the findings.. Moreover, an extension to additional kinds of coherence is suggested to get closer to infants’ everyday-world of experience.
KW  - infancy
KW  - social cognition
KW  - action processing
KW  - emotions
KW  - language
KW  - imitation
KW  - EEG
Y1  - 2020
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adam, Maurits
A1  - Reitenbach, Ivanina
A1  - Papenmeier, Frank
A1  - Gredebäck, Gustaf
A1  - Elsner, Claudia
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - actions, but not for mechanical claws
JF  - Meteoritics & planetary science : journal of the Meteoritical Society
N2  - Previous research indicates that infants’ prediction of the goals of observed actions is influenced by own experience with the type of agent performing the action (i.e., human hand vs. non-human agent) as well as by action-relevant features of goal objects (e.g., object size). The present study investigated the combined effects of these factors on 12-month-olds’ action prediction. Infants’ (N = 49) goal-directed gaze shifts were recorded as they observed 14 trials in which either a human hand or a mechanical claw reached for a small goal area (low-saliency goal) or a large goal area (high-saliency goal). Only infants who had observed the human hand reaching for a high-saliency goal fixated the goal object ahead of time, and they rapidly learned to predict the action goal across trials. By contrast, infants in all other conditions did not track the observed action in a predictive manner, and their gaze shifts to the action goal did not change systematically across trials. Thus, high-saliency goals seem to boost infants’ predictive gaze shifts during the observation of human manual actions, but not of actions performed by a mechanical device. This supports the assumption that infants’ action predictions are based on interactive effects of action-relevant object features (e.g., size) and own action experience.
KW  - Infancy
KW  - Goal saliency
KW  - Anticipatory gaze shifts
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Action processing
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.05.001
SN  - 0163-6383
SN  - 1879-0453
VL  - 44
SP  - 29
EP  - 37
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Lange, Elke B.
T1  - Activation and binding in verbal working memory : a dual-process model for the recognition of nonwords
N2  - The article presents a mathematical model of short-term recognition based on dual-process models and the three- component theory of working memory [Oberauer, K. (2002). Access to information in working memory: Exploring the focus of attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28, 411-421]. Familiarity arises from activated representations in long-term memory, ignoring their relations; recollection retrieves bindings in the capacity- limited component of working memory. In three experiments participants encoded two short lists of nonwords for immediate recognition, one of which was then cued as irrelevant. Probes from the irrelevant list were rejected more slowly than new probes; this was also found with probes recombining letters of irrelevant nonwords, suggesting that familiarity arises from individual letters independent of their relations. When asked to accept probes whose letters were all in the relevant list, regardless of their conjunction, participants accepted probes preserving the original conjunctions faster than recombinations, showing that recollection accessed feature bindings automatically. The model fit the data best when familiarity depended only on matching letters, whereas recollection used binding information.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00100285
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogpsych.2008.05.003
SN  - 0010-0285
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Albrecht, Jessica
A1  - Kopietz, Rainer
A1  - Linn, Jennifer
A1  - Sakar, Vehbi
A1  - Anzinger, Andrea
A1  - Schreder, Tatjana
A1  - Pollatos, Olga
A1  - Brückmann, Hartmut-Josef
A1  - Kobal, Gerd
A1  - Wiesmann, Martin
T1  - Activation of olfactory and trigeminal cortical areas following stimulation of the nasal mucosa with low concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor : an fMRI study on chemosensory perception
N2  - Applied to the nasal mucosa in low concentrations, nicotine vapor evokes odorous sensations (mediated by the olfactory system) whereas at higher concentrations nicotine vapor additionally produces burning and stinging sensations in the nose (mediated by the trigeminal system). The objective of this study was to determine whether intranasal stimulation with suprathreshold concentrations of S(-)-nicotine vapor causes brain activation in olfactory cortical areas or if trigeminal cortical areas are also activated. Individual olfactory detection thresholds for S(-)-nicotine were determined in 19 healthy occasional smokers using a computer-controlled air-dilution olfactometer. Functional magnetic resonance images were acquired using a 1.5T MR scanner with applications of nicotine in concentrations at or just above the individual"s olfactory detection threshold. Subjects reliably perceived the stimuli as being odorous. Accordingly, activation of brain areas known to be involved in processing of olfactory stimuli was identified. Although most of the subjects never or only rarely observed a burning or painful sensation in the nose, brain areas associated with the processing of painful stimuli were activated in all subjects. This indicates that the olfactory and trigeminal systems are activated during perception of nicotine and it is not possible to completely separate olfactory from trigeminal effects by lowering the concentration of the applied nicotine. In conclusion, even at low concentrations that do not consistently lead to painful sensations, intranasally applied nicotine activates both the olfactory and the trigeminal system.
Y1  - 2009
UR  - http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/jhome/109668555
SN  - 1065-9471
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wendt, Julia
A1  - Loew, Andreas
A1  - Weymar, Mathias
A1  - Lotze, Martin
A1  - Hamm, Alfons O.
T1  - Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat
JF  - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function
N2  - Defensive behaviors in animals and humans vary dynamically with increasing proximity of a threat and depending upon the behavioral repertoire at hand. The current study investigated physiological and behavioral adjustments and associated brain activation when participants were exposed to dynamically approaching threat that was either inevitable or could be avoided by motor action. When the approaching threat was inevitable, attentive freezing was observed as indicated by fear bradycardia, startle potentiation, and a dynamic increase in activation of the anterior insula and the periaqueductal grey. In preparation for active avoidance a switch in defensive behavior was observed characterized by startle inhibition and heart rate acceleration along with potentiated activation of the amygdala and the periaqueductal grey. Importantly, the modulation of defensive behavior according to threat imminence and the behavioral option at hand was associated with activity changes in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. These findings improve our understanding of brain mechanisms guiding human behavior during approaching threat depending on available resources.
KW  - Defensive response patterns
KW  - Active avoidance
KW  - Freezing
KW  - Psychophysiology
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054
SN  - 1053-8119
SN  - 1095-9572
VL  - 158
SP  - 196
EP  - 204
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kohn, Juliane
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - ADHS im Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter
Y1  - 2008
UR  - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100478/
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00112-008-1731-x
SN  - 0026-9298
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Petermann, Franz
T1  - Adipositas
T3  - Leitfaden Kinder- und Jugendpsychotherapie
Y1  - 2008
SN  - 3-8017-1629-5
VL  - 10
PB  - Hogrefe
CY  - Göttingen
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Adipositas
Y1  - 2006
SN  - 978-3-932096-43-3
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Petermann, Franz
A1  - Fromme, Carmen
T1  - Adipositas : Training mit Kindern und Jugendlichen
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-621-27489-8
PB  - Beltz
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Petermann, Franz
A1  - Fromme, Carmen
T1  - Adipositas : Training mit Kindern und Jugendlichen (mit CD-ROM)
Y1  - 2005
SN  - 3-621-27489-8
PB  - Beltz
CY  - Weinheim
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Kröller, Katja
T1  - Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter : was sind Risikofaktoren für die Entstehung einer Binge Eating Disorder?
Y1  - 2005
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Hilbert, Anja
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
T1  - Adipositas – Aktuelle Forschung zu Grundlagen und Therapie
JF  - Psychotherapeut
T2  - Obesity - Current research on principles and treatment
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00278-020-00479-x
SN  - 0935-6185
SN  - 1432-2080
VL  - 66
IS  - 1-2
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
PB  - Springer
CY  - Berlin ; Heidelberg
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
T1  - Adolescents' emotional reactions for not intervening in cyberbullying as moderators in the longitudinal association between witnessing cyberbullying and health issues
JF  - Current psychology
N2  - Not much is known about how bystanders' emotional reactions after not intervening in cyberbullying might impact their health issues. Narrowing this gap in the literature, the present study focused on examining the moderating effects of emotional reactions (i.e., guilt, sadness, anger) after not intervening in cyberbullying on the longitudinal relationship between cyberbullying bystanding and health issues (i.e., subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-harm). Participants were 1,067 adolescents between 12 and 15 years old included in this study (M-age = 13.67; 51% girls). The findings showed a positive association between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 health issues. Guilt moderated the positive relationships among Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding, Time 2 subjective health complaints, suicidal ideation, and non-suicidal self-harm. Time 1 sadness also moderated the relationship between Time 1 cyberbullying bystanding and Time 2 suicidal ideation and non-suicidal self-harm. However, anger did not moderate any of the associations.
KW  - Bystanding
KW  - Cyberbullying
KW  - Guilt
KW  - Anger
KW  - Sadness
KW  - Health Issues;
KW  - Suicidal ideation
KW  - Self-harm
Y1  - 2022
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03773-w
SN  - 1046-1310
SN  - 1936-4733
SP  - 19378
EP  - 19385
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Lazarides, Rebecca
A1  - Rubach, Charlott
A1  - Ittel, Angela
T1  - Adolescents’ perceptions of socializers’ beliefs, career-related conversations, and motivation in mathematics
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - Research based on the Eccles model of parent socialization demonstrated that parents are an important source of value and ability information for their children. Little is known, however, about the bidirectional effects between students’ perceptions of their parents’ beliefs and behaviors and the students’ own domain-specific values. This study analyzed how students’ perceptions of parents’ beliefs and behaviors and students’ mathematics values and mathematics-related career plans affect each other bidirectionally, and analyzed the role of students’ gender as a moderator of these relations. Data from 475 students in 11th and 12th grade (girls: 50.3%; 31 classrooms; 12 schools), who participated in 2 waves of the study, were analyzed. Results of longitudinal structural equation models demonstrated that students’ perceptions of their parents’ mathematics value beliefs at Time 1 affected the students’ own mathematics utility value at Time 2. Bidirectional effects were not shown in the full sample but were identified for boys. The paths within the tested model varied for boys and girls. For example, boys’, not girls’, mathematics intrinsic value predicted their reported conversations with their fathers about future occupational plans. Boys’, not girls’, perceived parents’ mathematics value predicted the mathematics utility value. Findings are discussed in relation to their implications for parents and teachers, as well as in relation to gendered motivational processes.
KW  - parents’ beliefs
KW  - parent–child conversations
KW  - motivation
KW  - mathematics
KW  - gender
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000270
SN  - 0012-1649
SN  - 1939-0599
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
SP  - 525
EP  - 539
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Adult age difference in the perceptual span during reading
N2  - Following up on research suggesting an age-related reduction in the rightward extent of the perceptual span during reading (Rayner, Castelhano, & Yang, 2009), we compared old and young adults in an N + 2-boundary paradigm in which a nonword preview of word N + 2 or word N + 2 itself is replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N. The intermediate word N + 1 was always three letters long. Gaze durations on word N + 2 were significantly shorter for identical than nonword N + 2 preview both for young and for old adults, with no significant difference in this preview benefit. Young adults, however, did modulate their gaze duration on word N more strongly than old adults in response to the difficulty of the parafoveal word N + 1. Taken together, the results suggest a dissociation of preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effect. Results are discussed in terms of age-related decline in resilience towards distributed processing while simultaneously preserving the ability to integrate parafoveal information into foveal processing. As such, the present results relate to proposals of regulatory compensation strategies older adults use to secure an overall reading speed very similar to that of young adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)
Y1  - 2011
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Risse, Sarah
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Adult age differences in the perceptual span during reading
JF  - Psychology and aging
N2  - Following up on research suggesting an age-related reduction in the rightward extent of the perceptual span during reading (Rayner, Castelhano, & Yang, 2009), we compared old and young adults in an N + 2-boundary paradigm in which a nonword preview of word N + 2 or word N + 2 itself is replaced by the target word once the eyes cross an invisible boundary located after word N. The intermediate word N + I was always three letters long. Gaze durations on word N + 2 were significantly shorter for identical than nonword N + 2 preview both for young and for old adults, with no significant difference in this preview benefit. Young adults, however, did modulate their gaze duration on word N more strongly than old adults in response to the difficulty of the parafoveal word N + I. Taken together, the results suggest a dissociation of preview benefit and parafoveal-on-foveal effect. Results are discussed in terms of age-related decline in resilience towards distributed processing while simultaneously preserving the ability to integrate parafoveal information into foveal processing. As such, the present results relate to proposals of regulatory compensation strategies older adults use to secure an overall reading speed very similar to that of young adults.
KW  - age differences
KW  - perceptual span
KW  - preview benefit
KW  - parafoveal-on-foveal effect
KW  - compensation strategies
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021616
SN  - 0882-7974
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
SP  - 451
EP  - 460
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Thompson, Laura A.
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Adult age effects of plausibility on memory : the role of time constraints during encoding
Y1  - 1991
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bonache, Helena
A1  - Gonzalez-Mendez, Rosaura
A1  - Krahe, Barbara
T1  - Adult attachment styles, destructive conflict resolution, and the experience of intimate partner violence
JF  - Journal of interpersonal violence : concerned with the study and treatment of victims and perpetrators of physical and sexual violence
N2  - Although there is ample evidence linking insecure attachment styles and intimate partner violence (IPV), little is known about the psychological processes underlying this association, especially from the victim’s perspective. The present study examined how attachment styles relate to the experience of sexual and psychological abuse, directly or indirectly through destructive conflict resolution strategies, both self-reported and attributed to their opposite-sex romantic partner. In an online survey, 216 Spanish undergraduates completed measures of adult attachment style, engagement and withdrawal conflict resolution styles shown by self and partner, and victimization by an intimate partner in the form of sexual coercion and psychological abuse. As predicted, anxious and avoidant attachment styles were directly related to both forms of victimization. Also, an indirect path from anxious attachment to IPV victimization was detected via destructive conflict resolution strategies. Specifically, anxiously attached participants reported a higher use of conflict engagement by themselves and by their partners. In addition, engagement reported by the self and perceived in the partner was linked to an increased probability of experiencing sexual coercion and psychological abuse. Avoidant attachment was linked to higher withdrawal in conflict situations, but the paths from withdrawal to perceived partner engagement, sexual coercion, and psychological abuse were non-significant. No gender differences in the associations were found. The discussion highlights the role of anxious attachment in understanding escalating patterns of destructive conflict resolution strategies, which may increase the vulnerability to IPV victimization.
KW  - attachment styles
KW  - conflict resolution
KW  - intimate partner violence
KW  - psychological abuse
KW  - sexual coercion
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640776
SN  - 0886-2605
SN  - 1552-6518
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
SP  - 287
EP  - 309
PB  - Sage Publ.
CY  - Thousand Oaks
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Poltrock, Silvana
A1  - Chen, Hui
A1  - Kwok, Celia
A1  - Cheung, Hintat
A1  - Nazzi, Thierry
T1  - Adult learning of novel words in a non-native language
BT  - Consonants, Vowels, and Tones
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
KW  - word learning
KW  - minimal pairs
KW  - non-native speech perception
KW  - tones
KW  - adults
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01211
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Brand, Ralf
A1  - Ekkekakis, Panteleimon
T1  - Affective-Reflective Theory of physical inactivity and exercise
T1  - Die Affective-Reflective Theory zur Erklärung von körperlicher Inaktivität und Sporttreiben
BT  - Foundations and preliminary evidence
BT  - Grundlagen und erste Studienergebnisse
JF  - German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research
N2  - This article introduces a new theory, the Affective-Reflective Theory (ART) of physical inactivity and exercise. ART aims to explain and predict behavior in situations in which people either remain in a state of physical inactivity or initiate action (exercise). It is a dual-process model and assumes that exercise-related stimuli trigger automatic associations and a resulting automatic affective valuation of exercise (type-1 process). The automatic affective valuation forms the basis for the reflective evaluation (type-2 process), which can follow if self-control resources are available. The automatic affective valuation is connected with an action impulse, whereas the reflective evaluation can result in action plans. The two processes, in constant interaction, direct the individual towards or away from changing behavior. The ART of physical inactivity and exercise predicts that, when there is an affective-reflective discrepancy and self-control resources are low, behavior is more likely to be governed by the affective type-1 process. This introductory article explains the underlying concepts and main theoretical roots from which the ART of physical inactivity and exercise was developed (field theory, affective responses to exercise, automatic evaluation, evaluation-behavior link, dual-process theorizing). We also summarize the empirical tests that have been conducted to refine the theory in its present form.
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implicit
KW  - Explicit
KW  - Dual system
KW  - Self-control
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Implizit
KW  - Explizit
KW  - Zwei-System-Theorien
KW  - Selbstkontrolle
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-017-0477-9
SN  - 2509-3142
SN  - 2509-3150
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
SP  - 48
EP  - 58
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Schmid, Brigitte
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Age at first drink moderates the impact of current stressful life events on drinking behavior in young adults
JF  - Alcoholism : clinical and experimental research ; the official journal of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism
N2  - Background:
 Recent evidence from animal experiments and studies in humans suggests that early age at first drink (AFD) may lead to higher stress-induced drinking. The present study aimed to extend these findings by examining whether AFD interacted with stressful life events (SLE) and/or with daily hassles regarding the impact on drinking patterns among young adults.
 Method:
 In 306 participants of an epidemiological cohort study, AFD was assessed together with SLE during the past 3 years, daily hassles in the last month, and drinking behavior at age 22. As outcome variables, 2 variables were derived, reflecting different aspects of alcohol use: the amount of alcohol consumed in the last month and the drinking frequency, indicated by the number of drinking days in the last month.
 Results:
 Linear regression models revealed an interaction effect between the continuous measures of AFD and SLE on the amount of alcohol consumed. The earlier young adults had their first alcoholic drink and the higher the levels of SLE they were exposed to, the disproportionately more alcohol they consumed. Drinking frequency was not affected by an interaction of these variables, while daily hassles and their interaction with AFD were unrelated to drinking behavior.
 Conclusions:
 These findings highlight the importance of early age at drinking onset as a risk factor for later heavy drinking under high load of SLE. Prevention programs should aim to raise age at first contact with alcohol. Additionally, support in stressful life situations and the acquisition of effective coping strategies might prevent heavy drinking in those with earlier drinking onset.
KW  - Age at First Drink
KW  - Drinking Behavior
KW  - Longitudinal Study
KW  - Stressful Life Events
KW  - Daily Hassles
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01447.x
SN  - 0145-6008
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1148
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Malden
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Göthe, Katrin
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Age differences in dual-task performance after practice
N2  - This study investigated whether older adults could acquire the ability to perform 2 cognitive operations in parallel in a paradigm in which young adults had been shown to be able to do so (K. Oberauer & R. Kliegl, 2004). Twelve young and 12 older adults practiced a numerical and a visuospatial continuous memory updating task in single-task and dual-task conditions for 16 to 24 sessions. After practice, 9 young adults were able to process the 2 tasks without dual- task costs, but none of the older adults had reached the criterion of parallel processing. The results suggest a qualitative difference between young and older adults in how they approach dual-task situations.
Y1  - 2008
UR  - http://psycnet.apa.org/index.cfm?fa=browsePA.volumes&jcode=pag
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.3.596
SN  - 0882-7974
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Oberauer, Klaus
A1  - Wendland, Mirko
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Age differences in working memory : the roles of storage and selective access
Y1  - 2003
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
A1  - Mayr, Ulrich
T1  - Age-based performance limitations in figural transformations : the effect of task complexity and practice
Y1  - 1994
PB  - Ed. Sigma
CY  - Berlin
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Stelzel, Christine
A1  - Schauenburg, Gesche
A1  - Rapp, Michael Armin
A1  - Heinzel, Stephan
A1  - Granacher, Urs
T1  - Age-Related Interference between the Selection of Input-Output Modality Mappings and Postural Control-a Pilot Study
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - Age-related decline in executive functions and postural control due to degenerative processes in the central nervous system have been related to increased fall-risk in old age. Many studies have shown cognitive-postural dual-task interference in old adults, but research on the role of specific executive functions in this context has just begun. In this study, we addressed the question whether postural control is impaired depending on the coordination of concurrent response-selection processes related to the compatibility of input and output modality mappings as compared to impairments related to working-memory load in the comparison of cognitive dual and single tasks. Specifically, we measured total center of pressure (CoP) displacements in healthy female participants aged 19-30 and 66-84 years while they performed different versions of a spatial one-back working memory task during semi-tandem stance on an unstable surface (i.e., balance pad) while standing on a force plate. The specific working-memory tasks comprised: (i) modality compatible single tasks (i.e., visual-manual or auditory-vocal tasks), (ii) modality compatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-manual and auditory-vocal tasks), (iii) modality incompatible single tasks (i.e., visual-vocal or auditory-manual tasks), and (iv) modality incompatible dual tasks (i.e., visual-vocal and auditory-manual tasks). In addition, participants performed the same tasks while sitting. As expected from previous research, old adults showed generally impaired performance under high working-memory load (i.e., dual vs. single one-back task). In addition, modality compatibility affected one-back performance in dual-task but not in single-task conditions with strikingly pronounced impairments in old adults. Notably, the modality incompatible dual task also resulted in a selective increase in total CoP displacements compared to the modality compatible dual task in the old but not in the young participants. These results suggest that in addition to effects of working-memory load, processes related to simultaneously overcoming special linkages between input-and output modalities interfere with postural control in old but not in young female adults. Our preliminary data provide further evidence for the involvement of cognitive control processes in postural tasks.
KW  - cognitive-postural dual task
KW  - postural stability
KW  - working memory
KW  - modality compatibility
KW  - aging
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00613
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 8
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krampe, Ralf-Thomas
A1  - Engbert, Ralf
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Age-specific problems in rhythmic timing
Y1  - 2001
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Mayr, Ulrich
ED  - Spieler, D.
ED  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Ageing and executive control
T3  - European Journal of Cognitive Psychology : Special Issues
Y1  - 2001
SN  - 1-84169-908-x
VL  - 13
PB  - Psychology Press
CY  - Hove
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Adam, Maurits
A1  - Reitenbach, Ivanina
A1  - Elsner, Birgit
T1  - Agency cues and 11-month-olds’ and adults’ anticipation of action goals
JF  - Cognitive Development
N2  - For the processing of goal-directed actions, some accounts emphasize the importance of experience with the action or the agent. Other accounts stress the importance of agency cues. We investigated the impact of agency cues on 11-month-olds’ and adults’ goal anticipation for a grasping-action performed by a mechanical claw. With an eyetracker, we measured anticipations in two conditions, where the claw was displayed either with or without agency cues. In two experiments, 11-month-olds were predictive when agency cues were present, but reactive when no agency cues were presented. Adults were predictive in both conditions. Furthermore, 11-month-olds rapidly learned to predict the goal in the agency condition, but not in the mechanical condition. Adults’ predictions did not change across trials in the agency condition, but decelerated in the mechanical condition. Thus, agency cues and own action experience are important for infants’ and adults’ online processing of goal-directed actions by non-human agents.
KW  - Infants
KW  - Eyetracking
KW  - Action processing
KW  - Anticipatory gaze shifts
KW  - Agency
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2017.02.008
SN  - 0885-2014
SN  - 1879-226X
VL  - 43
SP  - 37
EP  - 48
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - New York
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Fatfouta, Ramzi
A1  - Schröder-Abe, Michela
T1  - Agentic to the core?
BT  - facets of narcissism and positive implicit self-views in the agentic domain
JF  - Journal of research in personality
N2  - Researchers are still divided over whether narcissists possess positive or negative implicit self-views. Seemingly resolving this issue, Campbell et al. (2007) have demonstrated that narcissism is in fact related to higher implicit self-esteem as long as the implicit measure reflects agency. The present study used a large (N = 730) sample, carefully controlled stimuli, improved statistical analyses, and examined narcissism at the facet-level, but results did not replicate those of Campbell et al. In fact, the latent correlation between narcissism and implicit agency was close to zero, whereas the positive correlation between narcissism and explicit agency was replicated. We conclude that narcissists’ implicit self-views may be more neutral than positive or may depend on other contextual factors.
KW  - Narcissism
KW  - Agency
KW  - Communion
KW  - Implicit self-esteem
KW  - IAT
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.02.006
SN  - 0092-6566
SN  - 1095-7251
VL  - 74
SP  - 78
EP  - 82
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Miller, Jeff
A1  - Schwarz, Wolfgang
T1  - Aggregate and individual replication probability within an explicit model of the research process
JF  - Psychological methods
N2  - We study a model of the research process in which the true effect size, the replication jitter due to changes in experimental procedure, and the statistical error of effect size measurement are all normally distributed random variables. Within this model, we analyze the probability of successfully replicating an initial experimental result by obtaining either a statistically significant result in the same direction or any effect in that direction. We analyze both the probability of successfully replicating a particular experimental effect (i.e., the individual replication probability) and the average probability of successful replication across different studies within some research context (i.e., the aggregate replication probability), and we identify the conditions under which the latter can be approximated using the formulas of Killeen (2005a, 2007). We show how both of these probabilities depend on parameters of the research context that would rarely be known in practice. In addition, we show that the statistical uncertainty associated with the size of an initial observed effect would often prevent accurate estimation of the desired individual replication probability even if these research context parameters were known exactly. We conclude that accurate estimates of replication probability are generally unattainable.
KW  - probability of replication
KW  - posterior statistical power
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - random-effects model
KW  - statistical estimation
Y1  - 2011
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023347
SN  - 1082-989X
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
SP  - 337
EP  - 360
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Aggression and violence in society
Y1  - 1996
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Aggression in den Beziehungen von Mädchen
Y1  - 2000
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
A1  - Greve, Werner
T1  - Aggression und Gewalt : Aktueller Erkenntnisstand und Perspektiven künftiger Forschung
Y1  - 2002
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Krahé, Barbara
T1  - Aggression von Männern und Frauen in Partnerschaften : Unterschiede und Parallelen
Y1  - 2003
SN  - 3- 8100-3949-7
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Bondü, Rebecca
A1  - Birke, Joseph B.
T1  - Aggression-related sexual fantasies
BT  - prevalence rates, sex differences, and links with personality, attitudes, and behavior
JF  - The journal of sexual medicine : basic research and clinical studies in male and female sexual function and dysfunction
N2  - Background: Aggression-related sexual fantasies (ASF) are considered an important risk factor for sexual aggression, but empirical knowledge is limited, in part because previous research has been based on predominantly male, North-American college samples, and limited numbers of questions. <br /> Aim: The present study aimed to foster the knowledge about the frequency and correlates of ASF, while including a large sample of women and a broad range of ASF. <br /> Method: A convenience sample of N = 664 participants from Germany including 508 (77%) women and 156 (23%) men with a median age of 25 (21-27) years answered an online questionnaire. Participants were mainly recruited via social networks (online and in person) and were mainly students. We examined the frequencies of (aggression-related) sexual fantasies and their expected factor structure (factors reflecting affective, experimental, masochistic, and aggression-related contents) via exploratory factor analysis. We investigated potential correlates (eg, psychopathic traits, attitudes towards sexual fantasies) as predictors of ASF using multiple regression analyses. Finally, we examined whether ASF would positively predict sexual aggression beyond other pertinent risk factors using multiple regression analysis. <br /> Outcomes: The participants rated the frequency of a broad set of 56 aggression-related and other sexual fantasies, attitudes towards sexual fantasies, the Big Five (ie, broad personality dimensions including neuroticism and extraversion), sexual aggression, and other risk factors for sexual aggression. <br /> Results: All participants reported non-aggression-related sexual fantasies and 77% reported at least one ASF in their lives. Being male, frequent sexual fantasies, psychopathic traits, and negative attitudes towards sexual fantasies predicted more frequent ASF. ASF were the strongest predictor of sexual aggression beyond other risk factors, including general aggression, psychopathic traits, rape myth acceptance, and violent pornography consumption. <br /> Clinical Translation: ASF may be an important risk factor for sexual aggression and should be more strongly considered in prevention and intervention efforts. <br /> Strengths and Limitations: The strengths of the present study include using a large item pool and a large sample with a large proportion of women in order to examine ASF as a predictor of sexual aggression beyond important control variables. Its weaknesses include the reliance on cross-sectional data, that preclude causal inferences, and not continuously distinguishing between consensual and non-consensual acts. <br /> Conclusion: ASF are a frequent phenomenon even in in the general population and among women and show strong associations with sexual aggression. Thus, they require more attention by research on sexual aggression and its prevention.
KW  - aggressive sexual fantasies
KW  - sexual aggression
KW  - psychopathic traits
KW  - rape myths acceptance
KW  - big five
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.06.006
SN  - 1743-6095
SN  - 1743-6109
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
SP  - 1383
EP  - 1397
PB  - Oxford University Press
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ihle, Wolfgang
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, M. H.
T1  - Aggressiv-dissoziale Störungen und rechtsextreme Einstellungen : Prävalenz, Geschlechtsunterschiede, Verlauf und Risikofaktoren
Y1  - 2005
ER  - 
TY  - BOOK
ED  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - Aging and Cognition : a journal on normal and dysfunctional development
Y1  - 1994
PB  - Swets & Zeitlinger
CY  - Lisse
ER  -