TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wu, Fuyun
A1  - Kaiser, Elsi
A1  - Vasishth, Shravan
T1  - Effects of early cues on the processing of chinese relative clauses
BT  - evidence for experience-based theories
JF  - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society
N2  - We used Chinese prenominal relative clauses (RCs) to test the predictions of two competing accounts of sentence comprehension difficulty: the experience-based account of Levy () and the Dependency Locality Theory (DLT; Gibson, ). Given that in Chinese RCs, a classifier and/or a passive marker BEI can be added to the sentence-initial position, we manipulated the presence/absence of classifiers and the presence/absence of BEI, such that BEI sentences were passivized subject-extracted RCs, and no-BEI sentences were standard object-extracted RCs. We conducted two self-paced reading experiments, using the same critical stimuli but somewhat different filler items. Reading time patterns from both experiments showed facilitative effects of BEI within and beyond RC regions, and delayed facilitative effects of classifiers, suggesting that cues that occur before a clear signal of an upcoming RC can help Chinese comprehenders to anticipate RC structures. The data patterns are not predicted by the DLT, but they are consistent with the predictions of experience-based theories.
KW  - Storage cost
KW  - Experience
KW  - Relative clause
KW  - Chinese
KW  - Classifiers
KW  - BEI
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.12551
SN  - 0364-0213
SN  - 1551-6709
VL  - 42
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1133
PB  - Wiley
CY  - Hoboken
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Hans Julius
T1  - Buddhist Meditation as a Mystical Practice
JF  - Philosophia : philosophical quarterly of Israel
N2  - On the basis of many years of personal experience the paper describes Buddhist meditation (Zazen, Vipassanā) as a mystical practice. After a short discussion of the role of some central concepts (longing, suffering, and love) in Buddhism, William James’ concept of religious experience is used to explain the goal of meditators as the achievement of a special kind of an experience of this kind. Systematically, its main point is to explain the difference between (on the one hand) a craving for pleasant ‘mental events’ in the sense of short-term moods, and (on the other) the long-term project of achieving a deep change in one’s attitude to life as a whole, a change that allows the acceptance of suffering and death. The last part argues that there is no reason to call the discussed practice irrational in a negative sense. Changes of attitude of the discussed kind cannot be brought about by argument alone. Therefore, a considered use of age-old practices like meditation should be seen as an addition, not as an undermining of reason.
KW  - Experience
KW  - Mood
KW  - Meditation
KW  - Mysticism
KW  - William James
KW  - Rationality
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-017-9925-x
SN  - 0048-3893
SN  - 1574-9274
VL  - 45
SP  - 1621
EP  - 1622
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schneider, Hans Julius
T1  - Buddhist Meditation as a Mystical Practice
JF  - Philosophia
N2  - On the basis of many years of personal experience the paper describes Buddhist meditation (Zazen, Vipassanā) as a mystical practice. After a short discussion of the role of some central concepts (longing, suffering, and love) in Buddhism, William James’ concept of religious experience is used to explain the goal of meditators as the achievement of a special kind of an experience of this kind. Systematically, its main point is to explain the difference between (on the one hand) a craving for pleasant ‘mental events’ in the sense of short-term moods, and (on the other) the long-term project of achieving a deep change in one’s attitude to life as a whole, a change that allows the acceptance of suffering and death. The last part argues that there is no reason to call the discussed practice irrational in a negative sense. Changes of attitude of the discussed kind cannot be brought about by argument alone. Therefore, a considered use of age-old practices like meditation should be seen as an addition, not as an undermining of reason.
KW  - Experience
KW  - Mood
KW  - Meditation
KW  - Mysticism
KW  - William James
KW  - Rationality
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s11406-016-9783-y
SN  - 0048-3893
SN  - 1574-9274
VL  - 45
SP  - 773
EP  - 787
PB  - Springer
CY  - Dordrecht
ER  -