TY - JOUR A1 - Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio A1 - Guillemoteau, Julien A1 - Tronicke, Jens T1 - A comprehensive workflow to analyze ensembles of globally inverted 2D electrical resistivity models JF - Journal of applied geophysics N2 - Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) aims at imaging the subsurface resistivity distribution and provides valuable information for different geological, engineering, and hydrological applications. To obtain a subsurface resistivity model from measured apparent resistivities, stochastic or deterministic inversion procedures may be employed. Typically, the inversion of ERT data results in non-unique solutions; i.e., an ensemble of different models explains the measured data equally well. In this study, we perform inference analysis of model ensembles generated using a well-established global inversion approach to assess uncertainties related to the nonuniqueness of the inverse problem. Our interpretation strategy starts by establishing model selection criteria based on different statistical descriptors calculated from the data residuals. Then, we perform cluster analysis considering the inverted resistivity models and the corresponding data residuals. Finally, we evaluate model uncertainties and residual distributions for each cluster. To illustrate the potential of our approach, we use a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to obtain an ensemble of 2D layer-based resistivity models from a synthetic data example and a field data set collected in Loon-Plage, France. Our strategy performs well for both synthetic and field data and allows us to extract different plausible model scenarios with their associated uncertainties and data residual distributions. Although we demonstrate our workflow using 2D ERT data and a PSObased inversion approach, the proposed strategy is general and can be adapted to analyze model ensembles generated from other kinds of geophysical data and using different global inversion approaches. KW - Near-surface geophysics KW - Electrical resistivity tomography KW - Non-uniqueness KW - Global inversion KW - Particle swarm optimization KW - Ensemble KW - analysis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2021.104512 SN - 0926-9851 SN - 1879-1859 VL - 196 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bürger, Gerd T1 - A counterexample to decomposing climate shifts and trends by weather types JF - International Journal of Climatology N2 - The literature contains a sizable number of publications where weather types are used to decompose climate shifts or trends into contributions of frequency and mean of those types. They are all based on the product rule, that is, a transformation of a product of sums into a sum of products, the latter providing the decomposition. While there is nothing to argue about the transformation itself, its interpretation as a climate shift or trend decomposition is bound to fail. While the case of a climate shift may be viewed as an incomplete description of a more complex behaviour, trend decomposition indeed produces bogus trends, as demonstrated by a synthetic counterexample with well-defined trends in type frequency and mean. Consequently, decompositions based on that transformation, be it for climate shifts or trends, must not be used. KW - analysis KW - climate KW - statistical methods Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5519 SN - 0899-8418 SN - 1097-0088 VL - 38 IS - 9 SP - 3732 EP - 3735 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - THES A1 - Eid-Sabbagh, Rami-Habib T1 - Business process architectures BT - concepts, formalism, and analysis N2 - Business Process Management has become an integral part of modern organizations in the private and public sector for improving their operations. In the course of Business Process Management efforts, companies and organizations assemble large process model repositories with many hundreds and thousands of business process models bearing a large amount of information. With the advent of large business process model collections, new challenges arise as structuring and managing a large amount of process models, their maintenance, and their quality assurance. This is covered by business process architectures that have been introduced for organizing and structuring business process model collections. A variety of business process architecture approaches have been proposed that align business processes along aspects of interest, e. g., goals, functions, or objects. They provide a high level categorization of single processes ignoring their interdependencies, thus hiding valuable information. The production of goods or the delivery of services are often realized by a complex system of interdependent business processes. Hence, taking a holistic view at business processes interdependencies becomes a major necessity to organize, analyze, and assess the impact of their re-/design. Visualizing business processes interdependencies reveals hidden and implicit information from a process model collection. In this thesis, we present a novel Business Process Architecture approach for representing and analyzing business process interdependencies on an abstract level. We propose a formal definition of our Business Process Architecture approach, design correctness criteria, and develop analysis techniques for assessing their quality. We describe a methodology for applying our Business Process Architecture approach top-down and bottom-up. This includes techniques for Business Process Architecture extraction from, and decomposition to process models while considering consistency issues between business process architecture and process model level. Using our extraction algorithm, we present a novel technique to identify and visualize data interdependencies in Business Process Data Architectures. Our Business Process Architecture approach provides business process experts,managers, and other users of a process model collection with an overview that allows reasoning about a large set of process models, understanding, and analyzing their interdependencies in a facilitated way. In this regard we evaluated our Business Process Architecture approach in an experiment and provide implementations of selected techniques. N2 - Geschäftsprozessmanagement nimmt heutzutage eine zentrale Rolle zur Verbesserung von Geschäftsabläufen in Organisationen des öffentlichen und privaten Sektors ein. Im Laufe von Geschäftsprozessmanagementprojekten entstehen große Prozessmodellsammlungen mit hunderten und tausenden Prozessmodellen, die vielfältige Informationen enthalten. Mit der Entstehung großer Prozessmodellsammlungen, entstehen neue Herausforderungen. Diese beinhalten die Strukturierung und Organisation vieler Prozessmodelle, ihre Pflege und Aktualisierung, sowie ihre Qualitätssicherung. Mit diesen Herausforderungen befassen sich Geschäftsprozessarchitekturen. Viele der aktuellen Geschäftsprozessarchitekturen ordnen Geschäftsprozesse nach bestimmen Aspekten von Interesse, zum Beispiel, nach Zielen, Funktionen, oder Geschäftsobjekten. Diese Herangehensweisen bieten eine sehr abstrakte Kategorisierung von einzelnen Geschäftsprozessen, wobei sie wichtige Abhängigkeiten zwischen Prozessen ignorieren und so wertvolle Informationen verbergen. Die Produktion von Waren und das Anbieten von Dienstleistungen bilden ein komplexes System untereinander abhängiger Geschäftsprozesse. Diesbezüglich ist es unabdingbar eine ganzheitliche Sicht auf Geschäftsprozesse und ihre Abhängigkeiten zu schaffen, um die Geschäftsprozesse zu organisieren, zu analysieren und zu optimieren. Die Darstellung von Geschäftsprozessabhängigkeiten zeigt versteckte und implizite Informationen auf, die bisher in Geschäftsprozesssammlungen verborgen blieben. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir eine Geschäftsprozessarchitekturmethodik vor, die es erlaubt Geschäftsprozessabhänigigkeiten auf einer abstrakten Ebene darzustellen und zu analysieren. Wir führen eine formale Definition unserer Geschäftsprozessarchitektur und entsprechende Korrektheitskriterien ein. Darauf aufbauend stellen wir Analysetechniken für unsere Geschäftsprozessarchitektur vor. In einem Anwendungsrahmenwerk eläutern wir die top-down und bottomup Anwendung unserer Geschäftsprozessarchitekturmethodik. Dies beinhaltet die Beschreibung von Algorithmen zur Extraktion von Geschäftsprozessarchitekturen und zur Generierung von Prozessmodellen aus Geschäftsprozessarchitekturen, die die Konsistenz zwischen den Elementen auf Prozessmodellebene und Geschäftsprozessarchitekturebene gewährleisten. Aufbauend auf dem Extraktionsalgorithmus, stellen wir eine neue Technik zur Identifizierung, Extraktion, und Visualisierung von versteckten Datenabhängigkeiten zwischen Prozessmodellen in Geschäftsprozessdatenarchitekturen vor. Unsere Arbeit stellt Geschäftsprozessexperten, Manager, und Nutzern einer Geschäftsprozessmodellsammlung eine Methodik zur Verfügung, die es ihnen ermöglicht und vereinfacht, eine Übersicht über Prozesse und ihren Abhängigkeiten zu erstellen, diese zu verstehen und zu analysieren. Diesbezüglich haben wir unsere Geschäftsprozessarchitekturmethodik in einem empirischen Experiment auf ihre Anwendbarkeit und Effektivität untersucht und zur weiteren Evaluierung ausgewählte Algorithmen implementiert. KW - business process architecture KW - bpm KW - formalism KW - analysis KW - abstraction KW - Prozessarchitektur KW - Geschäftsprozessmanagement KW - Analyse KW - Abstraktion Y1 - 2015 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-79719 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mooij, Wolf M. A1 - Trolle, Dennis A1 - Jeppesen, Erik A1 - Arhonditsis, George B. A1 - Belolipetsky, Pavel V. A1 - Chitamwebwa, Deonatus B. R. A1 - Degermendzhy, Andrey G. A1 - DeAngelis, Donald L. A1 - Domis, Lisette Nicole de Senerpont A1 - Downing, Andrea S. A1 - Elliott, J. Alex A1 - Fragoso Jr., Carlos Ruberto A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Genova, Svetlana N. A1 - Gulati, Ramesh D. A1 - Håkanson, Lars A1 - Hamilton, David P. A1 - Hipsey, Matthew R. A1 - ‘t Hoen, Jochem A1 - Hülsmann, Stephan A1 - Los, F. Hans A1 - Makler-Pick, Vardit A1 - Petzoldt, Thomas A1 - Prokopkin, Igor G. A1 - Rinke, Karsten A1 - Schep, Sebastiaan A. A1 - Tominaga, Koji A1 - Van Dam, Anne A. A1 - Van Nes, Egbert H. A1 - Wells, Scott A. A1 - Janse, Jan H. T1 - Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others ('reinventing the wheel'). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available ('having tunnel vision'). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: super-individual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its 'leading principle', there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single 'right' approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1326 KW - aquatic KW - food web dynamics KW - plankton KW - nutrients KW - spatial KW - lake KW - freshwater KW - marine KW - community KW - population KW - hydrology KW - eutrophication KW - global change KW - climate warming KW - fisheries KW - biodiversity KW - management KW - mitigation KW - adaptive processes KW - non-linear dynamics KW - analysis KW - bifurcation KW - understanding KW - prediction KW - model limitations KW - model integration Y1 - 2010 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-429839 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 1326 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mooij, Wolf M. A1 - Trolle, Dennis A1 - Jeppesen, Erik A1 - Arhonditsis, George B. A1 - Belolipetsky, Pavel V. A1 - Chitamwebwa, Deonatus B. R. A1 - Degermendzhy, Andrey G. A1 - DeAngelis, Donald L. A1 - Domis, Lisette Nicole de Senerpont A1 - Downing, Andrea S. A1 - Elliott, J. Alex A1 - Fragoso Jr, Carlos Ruberto A1 - Gaedke, Ursula A1 - Genova, Svetlana N. A1 - Gulati, Ramesh D. A1 - Håkanson, Lars A1 - Hamilton, David P. A1 - Hipsey, Matthew R. A1 - ‘t Hoen, Jochem A1 - Hülsmann, Stephan A1 - Los, F. Hans A1 - Makler-Pick, Vardit A1 - Petzoldt, Thomas A1 - Prokopkin, Igor G. A1 - Rinke, Karsten A1 - Schep, Sebastiaan A. A1 - Tominaga, Koji A1 - Van Dam, Anne A. A1 - Van Nes, Egbert H. A1 - Wells, Scott A. A1 - Janse, Jan H. T1 - Challenges and opportunities for integrating lake ecosystem modelling approaches JF - Aquatic ecology N2 - A large number and wide variety of lake ecosystem models have been developed and published during the past four decades. We identify two challenges for making further progress in this field. One such challenge is to avoid developing more models largely following the concept of others ('reinventing the wheel'). The other challenge is to avoid focusing on only one type of model, while ignoring new and diverse approaches that have become available ('having tunnel vision'). In this paper, we aim at improving the awareness of existing models and knowledge of concurrent approaches in lake ecosystem modelling, without covering all possible model tools and avenues. First, we present a broad variety of modelling approaches. To illustrate these approaches, we give brief descriptions of rather arbitrarily selected sets of specific models. We deal with static models (steady state and regression models), complex dynamic models (CAEDYM, CE-QUAL-W2, Delft 3D-ECO, LakeMab, LakeWeb, MyLake, PCLake, PROTECH, SALMO), structurally dynamic models and minimal dynamic models. We also discuss a group of approaches that could all be classified as individual based: super-individual models (Piscator, Charisma), physiologically structured models, stage-structured models and traitbased models. We briefly mention genetic algorithms, neural networks, Kalman filters and fuzzy logic. Thereafter, we zoom in, as an in-depth example, on the multi-decadal development and application of the lake ecosystem model PCLake and related models (PCLake Metamodel, Lake Shira Model, IPH-TRIM3D-PCLake). In the discussion, we argue that while the historical development of each approach and model is understandable given its 'leading principle', there are many opportunities for combining approaches. We take the point of view that a single 'right' approach does not exist and should not be strived for. Instead, multiple modelling approaches, applied concurrently to a given problem, can help develop an integrative view on the functioning of lake ecosystems. We end with a set of specific recommendations that may be of help in the further development of lake ecosystem models. KW - aquatic KW - food web dynamics KW - plankton KW - nutrients KW - spatial KW - lake KW - freshwater KW - marine KW - community KW - population KW - hydrology KW - eutrophication KW - global change KW - climate warming KW - fisheries KW - biodiversity KW - management KW - mitigation KW - adaptive processes KW - non-linear dynamics KW - analysis KW - bifurcation KW - understanding KW - prediction KW - model limitations KW - model integration Y1 - 2010 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-010-9339-3 SN - 1573-5125 SN - 1386-2588 VL - 44 SP - 633 EP - 667 PB - Springer Science + Business Media B.V. CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Verma, Meetu A1 - Matijevič, Gal A1 - Denker, Carsten A1 - Diercke, Andrea A1 - Dineva, Ekaterina Ivanova A1 - Balthasar, Horst A1 - Kamlah, Robert A1 - Kontogiannis, Ioannis A1 - Kuckein, Christoph A1 - Pal, Partha S. T1 - Classification of high-resolution Solar H alpha spectra using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding JF - The astrophysical journal : an international review of spectroscopy and astronomical physics N2 - The H alpha spectral line is a well-studied absorption line revealing properties of the highly structured and dynamic solar chromosphere. Typical features with distinct spectral signatures in H alpha include filaments and prominences, bright active-region plages, superpenumbrae around sunspots, surges, flares, Ellerman bombs, filigree, and mottles and rosettes, among others. This study is based on high-spectral resolution H alpha spectra obtained with the Echelle spectrograph of the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) located at Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a machine-learning algorithm, which is used for nonlinear dimensionality reduction. In this application, it projects H alpha spectra onto a two-dimensional map, where it becomes possible to classify the spectra according to results of cloud model (CM) inversions. The CM parameters optical depth, Doppler width, line-of-sight velocity, and source function describe properties of the cloud material. Initial results of t-SNE indicate its strong discriminatory power to separate quiet-Sun and plage profiles from those that are suitable for CM inversions. In addition, a detailed study of various t-SNE parameters is conducted, the impact of seeing conditions on the classification is assessed, results for various types of input data are compared, and the identified clusters are linked to chromospheric features. Although t-SNE proves to be efficient in clustering high-dimensional data, human inference is required at each step to interpret the results. This exploratory study provides a framework and ideas on how to tailor a classification scheme toward specific spectral data and science questions. KW - Solar chromosphere KW - Spectroscopy KW - Radiative transfer KW - Astronomy data KW - analysis KW - Astronomy databases KW - Astrostatistics tools Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abcd95 SN - 1538-4357 VL - 907 IS - 1 PB - Institute of Physics Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blume, Theresa A1 - Schneider, Lisa A1 - Güntner, Andreas T1 - Comparative analysis of throughfall observations in six different forest stands BT - Influence of seasons, rainfall- and stand characteristics JF - Hydrological processes N2 - Throughfall, that is, the fraction of rainfall that passes through the forest canopy, is strongly influenced by rainfall and forest stand characteristics which are in turn both subject to seasonal dynamics. Disentangling the complex interplay of these controls is challenging, and only possible with long-term monitoring and a large number of throughfall events measured in parallel at different forest stands. We therefore based our analysis on 346 rainfall events across six different forest stands at the long-term terrestrial environmental observatory TERENO Northeast Germany. These forest stands included pure stands of beech, pine and young pine, and mixed stands of oak-beech, pine-beech and pine-oak-beech. Throughfall was overall relatively low, with 54-68% of incident rainfall in summer. Based on the large number of events it was possible to not only investigate mean or cumulative throughfall but also its statistical distribution. The distributions of throughfall fractions show distinct differences between the three types of forest stands (deciduous, mixed and pine). The distributions of the deciduous stands have a pronounced peak at low throughfall fractions and a secondary peak at high fractions in summer, as well as a pronounced peak at higher throughfall fractions in winter. Interestingly, the mixed stands behave like deciduous stands in summer and like pine stands in winter: their summer distributions are similar to the deciduous stands but the winter peak at high throughfall fractions is much less pronounced. The seasonal comparison further revealed that the wooden components and the leaves behaved differently in their throughfall response to incident rainfall, especially at higher rainfall intensities. These results are of interest for estimating forest water budgets and in the context of hydrological and land surface modelling where poor simulation of throughfall would adversely impact estimates of evaporative recycling and water availability for vegetation and runoff. KW - forest hydrology KW - forest stand characteristics KW - interception KW - leaf area KW - index KW - rainfall characteristics KW - seasonal effects KW - stratified event KW - analysis KW - throughfall KW - tree species effects Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14461 SN - 0885-6087 SN - 1099-1085 VL - 36 IS - 3 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Thayumanasundaram, Savitha A1 - Raman Venkatesan, Thulasinath A1 - Ousset, Aymeric A1 - Van Hollebeke, Kim A1 - Aerts, Luc A1 - Wubbenhorst, Michael A1 - Van den Mooter, Guy T1 - Complementarity of mDSC, DMA, and DRS Techniques in the Study of T-g and Sub-T-g Transitions in Amorphous Solids BT - PVPVA, Indomethacin, and Amorphous Solid Dispersions Based on Indomethacin/PVPVA JF - Molecular pharmaceutics N2 - Recently, glasses, a subset of amorphous solids, have gained attention in various fields, such as polymer chemistry, optical fibers, and pharmaceuticals. One of their characteristic features, the glass transition temperature (T-g) which is absent in 100% crystalline materials, influences several material properties, such as free volume, enthalpy, viscosity, thermodynamic transitions, molecular motions, physical stability, mechanical properties, etc. In addition to T-g, there may be several other temperaturedependent transitions known as sub-T-g transitions (or beta-, gamma-, and delta-relaxations) which are identified by specific analytical techniques. The study of T-g and sub-T-g transitions occurring in amorphous solids has gained much attention because of its importance in understanding molecular kinetics, and it requires the combination of conventional and novel characterization techniques. In the present study, three different analytical techniques [modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS)] were used to perform comprehensive qualitative/quantitative characterization of molecular relaxations, miscibility, and molecular interactions present in an amorphous polymer (PVPVA), a model drug (indomethacin, IND), and IND/PVPVA-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). This is the first ever reported DMA study on PVPVA in its powder form, which avoids the contribution of solvent to the mechanical properties when a selfstanding polymer film is used. A good correlation between the techniques in determining the T-g value of PVPVA, IND, and IND/ PVPVA-based ASDs is established, and the negligible difference (within 10 degrees C) is attributed to the different material properties assessed in each technique. However, the overall T-g behavior, the decrease in T-g with increase in drug loading in ASDs, is universally observed in all the above-mentioned techniques, which reveals their complementarity. DMA and DRS techniques are used to study the different sub-T-g transitions present in PVPVA, amorphous IND, and IND/PVPVA-based ASDs because these transitions are normally too weak or too broad for mDSC to detect. For IND/PVPVA-based ASDs, both techniques show a shift of sub-T-g transitions (or secondary relaxation peaks) toward the high-temperature region from -140 to -45 degrees C. Thus, this paper outlines the usage of different solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the different molecular dynamics present in the polymer, drug, and their interactions in ASDs with the integrated information obtained from individual techniques. KW - amorphous solids KW - PVPVA KW - indomethacin KW - ASDs KW - dynamic mechanical KW - analysis KW - dielectric relaxation spectroscopy KW - sub-T-g relaxations KW - relaxation dynamics Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00123 SN - 1543-8384 SN - 1543-8392 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Jana T1 - Does youth matter? BT - long-term effects of youth characteristics on the diversity of partnership trajectories JF - Longitudinal and life course studies : LLCS ; international journal / Society for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies N2 - Previous research has mainly concentrated on the study of certain transitions and the influence of economic and socio-structural factors on partnership status. From a life course perspective, it remains unclear how factors anchored in youth are related to the diversity of partnership biographies. Arguing that individuals act and behave based on prior experiences and resources, I analyse how personal and social resources as well as socio-demographic characteristics influence the turbulence of longitudinal partnership trajectories. Using a longitudinal dataset from the German LifE Study, I examine partnership histories from the ages 16 to 45. The results suggest that in addition to the influence of an individual's socio-demographic placement (for example, religious commitment and regional living conditions), personal and social resources anchored in youth also have a long-term effect on the diversity of partnership trajectories. This article shows that women are influenced by their attitudes towards marriage and family, while men are influenced by their attitudes towards their careers. KW - partnership trajectories KW - youth characteristics KW - life course KW - sequence KW - analysis KW - regression tree Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1332/175795920X15980339169308 SN - 1757-9597 VL - 12 IS - 2 SP - 201 EP - 225 PB - Longview CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Arguello de Souza, Felipe Augusto A1 - Samprogna Mohor, Guilherme A1 - Guzman Arias, Diego Alejandro A1 - Sarmento Buarque, Ana Carolina A1 - Taffarello, Denise A1 - Mendiondo, Eduardo Mario T1 - Droughts in São Paulo BT - challenges and lessons for a water-adaptive society JF - Urban water journal N2 - Literature has suggested that droughts and societies are mutually shaped and, therefore, both require a better understanding of their coevolution on risk reduction and water adaptation. Although the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region drew attention because of the 2013-2015 drought, this was not the first event. This paper revisits this event and the 1985-1986 drought to compare the evolution of drought risk management aspects. Documents and hydrological records are analyzed to evaluate the hazard intensity, preparedness, exposure, vulnerability, responses, and mitigation aspects of both events. Although the hazard intensity and exposure of the latter event were larger than the former one, the policy implementation delay and the dependency of service areas in a single reservoir exposed the region to higher vulnerability. In addition to the structural and non-structural tools implemented just after the events, this work raises the possibility of rainwater reuse for reducing the stress in reservoirs. KW - droughts KW - urban water supply KW - water crisis KW - drought risk KW - paired event KW - analysis KW - vulnerability Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2047735 SN - 1573-062X SN - 1744-9006 VL - 20 IS - 10 SP - 1682 EP - 1694 PB - Taylor & Francis CY - London [u.a.] ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fredrich, Viktor A1 - Bouncken, Ricarda B. A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - Dyadic business model convergence or divergence in alliances? BT - a configurational approach JF - Journal of business research N2 - In this study, we contribute to the scholarly conversation on firm-level business model changes following a neoconfigurational approach. By exploring configurations of business model changes over time, we add the direction of business model changes-namely business model convergence or divergence-as a vital avenue to the business model innovation literature. We identify necessary business model convergence and divergence recipes in a sample of N = 217 strategic dyadic alliances. Firstly, technological proximity emerges as a single precondition to both converging and diverging business models. Secondly, business models between competitors either converge through complementarities or tend not to change relative to each other. Thirdly, equity participation enables business model divergence through co-specialization. We conclude with a discussion of business model trajectories and future research directions. KW - Business model innovation KW - Business model changes KW - Convergence vs KW - divergence KW - Strategic alliances KW - Fuzzy -set qualitative comparative KW - analysis KW - (fsQCA) Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.046 SN - 0148-2963 SN - 1873-7978 VL - 153 SP - 300 EP - 308 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraus, Sara Milena A1 - Mathew-Stephen, Mariet A1 - Schapranow, Matthieu-Patrick T1 - Eatomics BT - Shiny exploration of quantitative proteomics data JF - Journal of proteome research N2 - Quantitative proteomics data are becoming increasingly more available, and as a consequence are being analyzed and interpreted by a larger group of users. However, many of these users have less programming experience. Furthermore, experimental designs and setups are getting more complicated, especially when tissue biopsies are analyzed. Luckily, the proteomics community has already established some best practices on how to conduct quality control, differential abundance analysis and enrichment analysis. However, an easy-to-use application that wraps together all steps for the exploration and flexible analysis of quantitative proteomics data is not yet available. For Eatomics, we utilize the R Shiny framework to implement carefully chosen parts of established analysis workflows to (i) make them accessible in a user-friendly way, (ii) add a multitude of interactive exploration possibilities, and (iii) develop a unique experimental design setup module, which interactively translates a given research hypothesis into a differential abundance and enrichment analysis formula. In this, we aim to fulfill the needs of a growing group of inexperienced quantitative proteomics data analysts. Eatomics may be tested with demo data directly online via https://we.analyzegenomes.com/now/eatomics/or with the user's own data by installation from the Github repository at https://github.com/Millchmaedchen/Eatomics. KW - R Shiny KW - application KW - label-free KW - proteomics KW - analysis KW - differential KW - abundance KW - experimental design Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00398 SN - 1535-3893 SN - 1535-3907 VL - 20 IS - 1 SP - 1070 EP - 1078 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kranjc Horvat, Anja A1 - Wiener, Jeff A1 - Schmeling, Sascha A1 - Borowski, Andreas T1 - Learning goals of professional development programs at science research institutions BT - a Delphi study with different stakeholder groups JF - Journal of science teacher education : the official journal of the Association for the Education of Teachers in Science N2 - Effective professional development programs (PDPs) rely on well-defined goals. However, recent studies on PDPs have not explored the goals from a multi-stakeholder perspective. This study identifies the most important learning goals of PDPs at science research institutions as perceived by four groups of stakeholders, namely teachers, education researchers, government representatives, and research scientists. Altogether, over 100 stakeholders from 42 countries involved in PDPs at science research institutions in Europe and North America participated in a three-round Delphi study. In the first round, the stakeholders provided their opinions on what they thought the learning goals of PDPs should be through an open-ended questionnaire. In the second and third rounds, the stakeholders assessed the importance of the learning goals that emerged from the first round by rating and ranking them, respectively. The outcome of the study is a hierarchical list of the ten most important learning goals of PDPs at particle physics laboratories. The stakeholders identified enhancing teachers' knowledge of scientific concepts and models and enhancing their knowledge of the curricula as the most important learning goals. Furthermore, the results show strong agreement between all the stakeholder groups regarding the defined learning goals. Indeed, all groups ranked the learning goals by their perceived importance almost identically. These outcomes could help policymakers establish more specific policies for PDPs. Additionally, they provide PDP practitioners at science research institutions with a solid base for future research and planning endeavors. KW - Teacher professional development KW - Delphi study KW - multi-stakeholder KW - analysis KW - pedagogical content knowledge Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2021.1905330 SN - 1046-560X SN - 1573-1847 VL - 33 IS - 1 SP - 32 EP - 54 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ilin, Ekaterina A1 - Poppenhäger, Katja A1 - Alvarado-Gómez, Julián David T1 - Localizing flares to understand stellar magnetic fields and space weather in exo-systems JF - Astronomische Nachrichten = Astronomical notes N2 - Stars are uniform spheres, but only to first order. The way in which stellar rotation and magnetism break this symmetry places important observational constraints on stellar magnetic fields, and factors in the assessment of the impact of stellar activity on exoplanet atmospheres. The spatial distribution of flares on the solar surface is well known to be nonuniform, but elusive on other stars. We briefly review the techniques available to recover the loci of stellar flares, and highlight a new method that enables systematic flare localization directly from optical light curves. We provide an estimate of the number of flares we may be able to localize with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, and show that it is consistent with the results obtained from the first full sky scan of the mission. We suggest that nonuniform flare latitude distributions need to be taken into account in accurate assessments of exoplanet habitability. KW - stars KW - activity - stars KW - flare - stars KW - magnetic fields - methods KW - data KW - analysis Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.20210111 SN - 1521-3994 VL - 343 IS - 4 PB - Berlin CY - Wiley-VCH ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albert, Aviad A1 - Nicenboim, Bruno T1 - Modeling sonority in terms of pitch intelligibility with the nucleus attraction principle JF - Cognitive science : a multidisciplinary journal of anthropology, artificial intelligence, education, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, psychology ; journal of the Cognitive Science Society N2 - Sonority is a fundamental notion in phonetics and phonology, central to many descriptions of the syllable and various useful predictions in phonotactics. Although widely accepted, sonority lacks a clear basis in speech articulation or perception, given that traditional formal principles in linguistic theory are often exclusively based on discrete units in symbolic representation and are typically not designed to be compatible with auditory perception, sensorimotor control, or general cognitive capacities. In addition, traditional sonority principles also exhibit systematic gaps in empirical coverage. Against this backdrop, we propose the incorporation of symbol-based and signal-based models to adequately account for sonority in a complementary manner. We claim that sonority is primarily a perceptual phenomenon related to pitch, driving the optimization of syllables as pitch-bearing units in all language systems. We suggest a measurable acoustic correlate for sonority in terms of periodic energy, and we provide a novel principle that can account for syllabic well-formedness, the nucleus attraction principle (NAP). We present perception experiments that test our two NAP-based models against four traditional sonority models, and we use a Bayesian data analysis approach to test and compare them. Our symbolic NAP model outperforms all the other models we test, while our continuous bottom-up NAP model is at second place, along with the best performing traditional models. We interpret the results as providing strong support for our proposals: (i) the designation of periodic energy as the acoustic correlate of sonority; (ii) the incorporation of continuous entities in phonological models of perception; and (iii) the dual-model strategy that separately analyzes symbol-based top-down processes and signal-based bottom-up processes in speech perception. KW - Sonority KW - Pitch intelligibility KW - Periodic energy KW - Bayesian data KW - analysis KW - Speech perception KW - Phonetics and phonology Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13161 SN - 0364-0213 SN - 1551-6709 VL - 46 IS - 7 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Buljak, Vladimir A1 - Bruno, Giovanni T1 - Numerical modeling of thermally induced microcracking in porous ceramics BT - an approach using cohesive elements JF - Journal of the European Ceramic Society N2 - A numerical framework is developed to study the hysteresis of elastic properties of porous ceramics as a function of temperature. The developed numerical model is capable of employing experimentally measured crystallographic orientation distribution and coefficient of thermal expansion values. For realistic modeling of the microstructure, Voronoi polygons are used to generate polycrystalline grains. Some grains are considered as voids, to simulate the material porosity. To model intercrystalline cracking, cohesive elements are inserted along grain boundaries. Crack healing (recovery of the initial properties) upon closure is taken into account with special cohesive elements implemented in the commercial code ABAQUS. The numerical model can be used to estimate fracture properties governing the cohesive behavior through inverse analysis procedure. The model is applied to a porous cordierite ceramic. The obtained fracture properties are further used to successfully simulate general non-linear macroscopic stress-strain curves of cordierite, thereby validating the model. KW - analysis KW - Cohesive finite elements KW - Interfacial strength Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2018.03.041 SN - 0955-2219 SN - 1873-619X VL - 38 IS - 11 SP - 4099 EP - 4108 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tawfik, Ahmed Y. A1 - Ondrak, Robert A1 - Winterleitner, Gerd A1 - Mutti, Maria T1 - Source rock evaluation and petroleum system modeling of the East Beni Suef Basin, north Eastern Desert, Egypt JF - Journal of African earth sciences N2 - This study deals with the East Beni Suef Basin (Eastern Desert, Egypt) and aims to evaluate the source-generative potential, reconstruct the burial and thermal history, examine the most influential parameters on thermal maturity modeling, and improve on the models already published for the West Beni Suef to ultimately formulate a complete picture of the whole basin evolution. Source rock evaluation was carried out based on TOC, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and visual kerogen petrography analyses. Three kerogen types (II, II/III, and III) are distinguished in the East Beni Suef Basin, where the Abu Roash "F" Member acts as the main source rock with good to excellent source potential, oil-prone mainly type II kerogen, and immature to marginal maturity levels. The burial history shows four depositional and erosional phases linked with the tectonic evolution of the basin. A hiatus (due to erosion or non-deposition) has occurred during the Late Eocene-Oligocene in the East Beni Suef Basin, while the West Beni Suef Basin has continued subsiding. Sedimentation began later (Middle to Late Albian) with lower rates in the East Beni Suef Basin compared with the West Beni Suef Basin (Early Albian). The Abu Roash "F" source rock exists in the early oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 19% and 21% in the East and West Beni Suef Basin, respectively, while the Lower Kharita source rock, which is only recorded in the West Beni Suef Basin, has reached the late oil window with a present-day transformation ratio of about 70%. The magnitude of erosion and heat flow have proportional and mutual effects on thermal maturity. We present three possible scenarios of basin modeling in the East Beni Suef Basin concerning the erosion from the Apollonia and Dabaa formations. Results of this work can serve as a basis for subsequent 2D and/or 3D basin modeling, which are highly recommended to further investigate the petroleum system evolution of the Beni Suef Basin. KW - source rock evaluation KW - Kerogen petrography KW - basin modeling KW - sensitivity KW - analysis KW - Beni Suef Basin KW - Egypt Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2022.104575 SN - 1464-343X SN - 1879-1956 VL - 193 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ghaffar, Salman A1 - Jomaa, Seifeddine A1 - Meon, Günter A1 - Rode, Michael T1 - Spatial validation of a semi-distributed hydrological nutrient transport model JF - Journal of hydrology N2 - Semi-distributed hydrological and water quality models are increasingly used as innovative and scientific-based management tools. However, their application is usually restricted to the gauging stations where they are originally calibrated, limiting their spatial capability. In this study, the semi-distributed hydrological water quality model HYPE (HYdrological Predictions for the Environment) was tested spatially to represent nitrate-N (NO3- N) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads of the nested and heterogeneous Selke catchment (463 km(2)) in central Germany. First, an automatic calibration procedure and uncertainty analysis were conducted using the DiffeRential Evolution Adaptive Metropolis (DREAM) tool to simulate discharge, NO3--N and TP concentrations. A multi-site and multi-objective calibration approach was applied using three main gauging stations, covering the most important hydro-meteorological and physiographical characteristics of the whole catchment. Second, the model's capability was tested to represent further internal stations, which were not initially considered for calibration. Results showed that discharge was well represented by the model at all three main stations during both calibration (1994-1998) and validation (1999-2014) periods with lowest Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.71 and maximum Percentage BIAS (PBIAS) of 18.0%. The model was able to reproduce the seasonal dynamics of NO3--N and TP concentrations with low predictive uncertainty at the three main stations, reflected by PBIAS values in the ranges from 16.1% to 6.4% and from 20.0% to 11.5% for NO3--N and TP load simulations, respectively. At internal stations, the model could represent reasonably well the seasonal variation of nutrient concentrations with PBIAS values in the ranges from 9.0% to 14.2% for NO3--N and from 25.3% to 34.3% for TP concentration simulations. Overall, results suggested that the spatial validation of a nutrient transport model can be better ensured when a multi-site and multi-objective calibration approach using archetypical gauging stations is implemented. Further, results revealed that the delineation of sub-catchments should put more focus on hydro-meteorological conditions than on land-use features. KW - HYPE model KW - Nitrate-N KW - Phosphorus KW - internal validation KW - uncertainty KW - analysis KW - archetypical gauging station Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125818 SN - 0022-1694 SN - 1879-2707 VL - 593 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lazarides, Rebecca A1 - Schiefele, Ulrich T1 - The relative strength of relations between different facets of teacher motivation and core dimensions of teaching quality in mathematics BT - a multilevel analysis JF - Learning and instruction : the journal of the European Association for Research on Learning and Instruction N2 - Teacher self-efficacy and teacher interest are two key facets of teacher motivation that are important for highquality teaching. Little is known about the relative strength of the effects of teacher self-efficacy and interest on teaching quality when compared with one another. We extend previous research on teacher motivation by examining the relations linking mathematics teacher self-efficacy and interest with several relevant dimensions of teaching quality as perceived by teachers and students. Participants were 84 mathematics teachers (61.2% female) and their students (1718 students; 48.5% girls). Based on doubly latent multilevel models, we found that teacher-reported self-efficacy in instruction was positively related to teacher-reported cognitive activation, classroom management, and emotional support in mathematics classrooms. Teacher-reported educational interest showed positive associations with both student- and teacher-perceived emotional support. Future research is advised to focus more strongly on the unique relations between different teachers' motivational characteristics and relevant dimensions of teaching quality. KW - Teacher self-efficacy KW - Teacher interest KW - Teaching quality KW - Multilevel KW - analysis KW - Teacher motivation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2021.101489 SN - 0959-4752 SN - 1873-3263 VL - 76 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kraus, Sascha A1 - Li, Hongbo A1 - Kang, Qi A1 - Westhead, Paul A1 - Tiberius, Victor T1 - The sharing economy BT - a bibliometric analysis of the state-of-the-art JF - International journal of entrepreneurial behavior & research N2 - Purpose Quantitative bibliometric approaches were used to statistically and objectively explore patterns in the sharing economy literature. Design/methodology/approach Journal (co-)citation analysis, author (co-)citation analysis, institution citation and co-operation analysis, keyword co-occurrence analysis, document (co-)citation analysis and burst detection analysis were conducted based on a bibliometric data set relating to sharing economy publications. Findings Sharing economy research is multi- and interdisciplinary. Journals focused upon products liability, organizing framework, profile characteristics, diverse economies, consumption system and everyday life themes. Authors focused upon profile characteristics, sharing economy organization, social connections, first principle and diverse economy themes. No institution dominated the research field. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified organizing framework, tourism industry, consumer behavior, food waste, generous exchange and quality cue as research themes. Document co-citation analysis found research themes relating to the tourism industry, exploring public acceptability, agri-food system, commercial orientation, products liability and social connection. Most cited authors, institutions and documents are reported. Research limitations/implications The study did not exclusively focus on publications in top-tier journals. Future studies could run analyses relating to top-tier journals alone, and then run analyses relating to less renowned journals alone. To address the potential fuzzy results concern, reviews could focus on business and/or management research alone. Longitudinal reviews conducted over several points in time are warranted. Future reviews could combine qualitative and quantitative approaches. Originality/value We contribute by analyzing information relating to the population of all sharing economy articles. In addition, we contribute by employing several quantitative bibliometric approaches that enable the identification of trends relating to the themes and patterns in the growing literature. KW - bibliometric analysis KW - citations KW - co-citation analysis KW - co-occurrence KW - analysis KW - research themes KW - sharing economy Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2020-0438 SN - 1355-2554 SN - 1758-6534 VL - 26 IS - 8 SP - 1769 EP - 1786 PB - Emerald Group Publishing Limited CY - Bingley ER - TY - THES A1 - Gawron, Marian T1 - Towards automated advanced vulnerability analysis N2 - The identification of vulnerabilities in IT infrastructures is a crucial problem in enhancing the security, because many incidents resulted from already known vulnerabilities, which could have been resolved. Thus, the initial identification of vulnerabilities has to be used to directly resolve the related weaknesses and mitigate attack possibilities. The nature of vulnerability information requires a collection and normalization of the information prior to any utilization, because the information is widely distributed in different sources with their unique formats. Therefore, the comprehensive vulnerability model was defined and different sources have been integrated into one database. Furthermore, different analytic approaches have been designed and implemented into the HPI-VDB, which directly benefit from the comprehensive vulnerability model and especially from the logical preconditions and postconditions. Firstly, different approaches to detect vulnerabilities in both IT systems of average users and corporate networks of large companies are presented. Therefore, the approaches mainly focus on the identification of all installed applications, since it is a fundamental step in the detection. This detection is realized differently depending on the target use-case. Thus, the experience of the user, as well as the layout and possibilities of the target infrastructure are considered. Furthermore, a passive lightweight detection approach was invented that utilizes existing information on corporate networks to identify applications. In addition, two different approaches to represent the results using attack graphs are illustrated in the comparison between traditional attack graphs and a simplistic graph version, which was integrated into the database as well. The implementation of those use-cases for vulnerability information especially considers the usability. Beside the analytic approaches, the high data quality of the vulnerability information had to be achieved and guaranteed. The different problems of receiving incomplete or unreliable information for the vulnerabilities are addressed with different correction mechanisms. The corrections can be carried out with correlation or lookup mechanisms in reliable sources or identifier dictionaries. Furthermore, a machine learning based verification procedure was presented that allows an automatic derivation of important characteristics from the textual description of the vulnerabilities. N2 - Die Erkennung von Schwachstellen ist ein schwerwiegendes Problem bei der Absicherung von modernen IT-Systemen. Mehrere Sicherheitsvorfälle hätten durch die vorherige Erkennung von Schwachstellen verhindert werden können, da in diesen Vorfällen bereits bekannte Schwachstellen ausgenutzt wurden. Der Stellenwert der Sicherheit von IT Systemen nimmt immer weiter zu, was auch mit der Aufmerksamkeit, die seit kurzem auf die Sicherheit gelegt wird, zu begründen ist. Somit nimmt auch der Stellenwert einer Schwachstellenanalyse der IT Systeme immer mehr zu, da hierdurch potenzielle Angriffe verhindert und Sicherheitslücken geschlossen werden können. Die Informationen über Sicherheitslücken liegen in verschiedenen Quellen in unterschiedlichen Formaten vor. Aus diesem Grund wird eine Normalisierungsmethode benötigt, um die verschiedenen Informationen in ein einheitliches Format zu bringen. Das damit erzeugte Datenmodell wird in der HPI-VDB gespeichert, in die auch darauf aufbauende Analyseansätze integriert wurden. Diese Analysemethoden profitieren direkt von den Eigenschaften des Datenmodells, das maschinenlesbare Vor- und Nachbedingungen enthält. Zunächst wurden verschiedene Methoden zur Erkennung von Schwachstellen in IT Systemen von durchschnittlichen Nutzern und auch in Systemen von großen Firmen entwickelt. Hierbei wird der Identifikation der installierten Programme die größte Aufmerksamkeit beigemessen, da es der grundlegende Bestandteil der Erkennung von Schwachstellen ist. Für die Ansätze wird weiterhin die Erfahrung des Nutzers und die Eigenschaften der Zielumgebung berücksichtigt. Zusätzlich wurden zwei weitere Ansätze zur Repräsentation der Ergebnisse integriert. Hierfür wurden traditionelle Angriffsgraphen mit einer vereinfachten Variante verglichen, die auch in die Datenbank integriert wurde. Des Weiteren spielt die Datenqualität eine wichtige Rolle, da die Effizienz der Analysemethoden von der Qualität der Informationen abhängt. Deshalb wurden Probleme wie Unvollständigkeit und Unzuverlässigkeit der Informationen mit verschiedenen Korrekturansätzen bewältigt. Diese Korrekturen werden mithilfe von Korrelationen und Maschinellem Lernen bewerkstelligt, wobei die automatische Ausführbarkeit eine grundlegende Anforderung darstellt. KW - IT-security KW - vulnerability KW - analysis KW - IT-Sicherheit KW - Schwachstelle KW - Analyse Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-426352 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hecher, Markus T1 - Treewidth-aware reductions of normal ASP to SAT BT - is normal ASP harder than SAT after all? JF - Artificial intelligence N2 - Answer Set Programming (ASP) is a paradigm for modeling and solving problems for knowledge representation and reasoning. There are plenty of results dedicated to studying the hardness of (fragments of) ASP. So far, these studies resulted in characterizations in terms of computational complexity as well as in fine-grained insights presented in form of dichotomy-style results, lower bounds when translating to other formalisms like propositional satisfiability (SAT), and even detailed parameterized complexity landscapes. A generic parameter in parameterized complexity originating from graph theory is the socalled treewidth, which in a sense captures structural density of a program. Recently, there was an increase in the number of treewidth-based solvers related to SAT. While there are translations from (normal) ASP to SAT, no reduction that preserves treewidth or at least keeps track of the treewidth increase is known. In this paper we propose a novel reduction from normal ASP to SAT that is aware of the treewidth, and guarantees that a slight increase of treewidth is indeed sufficient. Further, we show a new result establishing that, when considering treewidth, already the fragment of normal ASP is slightly harder than SAT (under reasonable assumptions in computational complexity). This also confirms that our reduction probably cannot be significantly improved and that the slight increase of treewidth is unavoidable. Finally, we present an empirical study of our novel reduction from normal ASP to SAT, where we compare treewidth upper bounds that are obtained via known decomposition heuristics. Overall, our reduction works better with these heuristics than existing translations. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. KW - Answer set programming KW - Treewidth KW - Parameterized complexity KW - Complexity KW - analysis KW - Tree decomposition KW - Treewidth-aware reductions Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artint.2021.103651 SN - 0004-3702 SN - 1872-7921 VL - 304 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Czapka, Sophia A1 - Festman, Julia T1 - Wisconsin Card Sorting Test reveals a monitoring advantage but not a switching advantage in multilingual children JF - Journal of experimental child psychology : JECP N2 - The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is used to test higher-level executive functions or switching, depending on the measures chosen in a study and its goal. Many measures can be extracted from the WCST, but how to assign them to specific cognitive skills remains unclear. Thus, the current study first aimed at identifying which measures test the same cognitive abilities. Second, we compared the performance of mono- and multilingual children in the identified abilities because there is some evidence that bilingualism can improve executive functions. We tested 66 monolingual and 56 multilingual (i.e., bi- and trilingual) primary school children (M-age = 109 months) in an online version of the classic WCST. A principal component analysis revealed four factors: problem-solving, monitoring, efficient errors, and perseverations. Because the assignment of measures to factors is only partially coherent across the literature, we identified this as one of the sources of task impurity. In the second part, we calculated regression analyses to test for group differences while controlling for intelligence as a predictor for executive functions and for confounding variables such as age, German lexicon size, and socioeconomic status. Intelligence predicted problem solving and perseverations. In the monitoring component (measured by the reaction times preceding a rule switch), multilinguals outperformed monolinguals, thereby supporting the view that bi- or multilingualism can improve processing speed related to monitoring. KW - Executive functions KW - Switching KW - Monitoring KW - Multilingualism KW - Factor KW - analysis KW - Bilingual advantage Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.105038 SN - 0022-0965 SN - 1096-0457 VL - 204 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -