TY  - JOUR
A1  - Ritterbusch, Georg David
A1  - Teichmann, Malte Rolf
T1  - Defining the metaverse
BT  - A systematic literature review
JF  - IEEE Access
N2  - The term Metaverse is emerging as a result of the late push by multinational technology conglomerates and a recent surge of interest in Web 3.0, Blockchain, NFT, and Cryptocurrencies. From a scientific point of view, there is no definite consensus on what the Metaverse will be like. This paper collects, analyzes, and synthesizes scientific definitions and the accompanying major characteristics of the Metaverse using the methodology of a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Two revised definitions for the Metaverse are presented, both condensing the key attributes, where the first one is rather simplistic holistic describing “a three-dimensional online environment in which users represented by avatars interact with each other in virtual spaces decoupled from the real physical world”. In contrast, the second definition is specified in a more detailed manner in the paper and further discussed. These comprehensive definitions offer specialized and general scholars an application within and beyond the scientific context of the system science, information system science, computer science, and business informatics, by also introducing open research challenges. Furthermore, an outlook on the social, economic, and technical implications is given, and the preconditions that are necessary for a successful implementation are discussed.
KW  - Metaverse
KW  - Systematics
KW  - Bibliometrics
KW  - Augmented reality
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Semantic Web
KW  - Second Life
KW  - Blockchains
KW  - Economics
Y1  - 2023
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3241809
SN  - 2169-3536
VL  - 11
SP  - 12368
EP  - 12377
PB  - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
CY  - New York, NY
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Kotz, Maximilian
A1  - Wenz, Leonie
A1  - Stechemesser, Annika
A1  - Kalkuhl, Matthias
A1  - Levermann, Anders
T1  - Day-to-day temperature variability reduces economic growth
JF  - Nature climate change
N2  - Elevated annual average temperature has been found to impact macro-economic growth. However, various fundamental elements of the economy are affected by deviations of daily temperature from seasonal expectations which are not well reflected in annual averages. Here we show that increases in seasonally adjusted day-to-day temperature variability reduce macro-economic growth independent of and in addition to changes in annual average temperature. Combining observed day-to-day temperature variability with subnational economic data for 1,537 regions worldwide over 40 years in fixed-effects panel models, we find that an extra degree of variability results in a five percentage-point reduction in regional growth rates on average. The impact of day-to-day variability is modulated by seasonal temperature difference and income, resulting in highest vulnerability in low-latitude, low-income regions (12 percentage-point reduction). These findings illuminate a new, global-impact channel in the climate–economy relationship that demands a more comprehensive assessment in both climate and integrated assessment models.
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climate-change impacts
KW  - Economics
KW  - Environmental economics
KW  - Environmental impact
Y1  - 2021
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-00985-5
SN  - 1758-678X
SN  - 1758-6798
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
SP  - 319
EP  - 325
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
CY  - London
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Schmidt-Wellenburg, Christian
T1  - Struggling over crisis
T1  - Umkämpfte Krise
BT  - Discoursive Positionings and Academic Positions in the Field of German-Speaking Economists
BT  - Diskursive Positionierungen und akademische Positionen im Feld deutschsprachiger Volkswirt*innen
JF  - Historical Social Research
N2  - If you put two economists in a room, you get two opinions, unless one of them is Lord Keynes, in which case you get three opinions.” Following the premise of this quotation attributed to Winston Churchill, varying perceptions of the European crisis by academic economists and their structural homology to economists’ positions in the field of economics are examined. The dataset analysed using specific multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical agglomerative clustering (HAC) comprises information on the careers of 480 German-speaking economists and on statements they made concerning crisis-related issues. It can be shown that the main structural differences in the composition and amount of scientific and academic capital held by economists as well as their age and degree of transnationalisation are linked to how they see the crisis: as a national sovereign debt crisis, as a European banking crisis, or as a crisis of European integration and institutions.
KW  - Economics
KW  - multiple correspondence analysis
KW  - Bourdieu
KW  - field
KW  - discourse
KW  - mixed methods
KW  - European Union
KW  - crisis
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.12759/hsr.43.2018.3.147-188
SN  - 0172-6404
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
SP  - 147
EP  - 188
PB  - GESIS, Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
CY  - Cologne
ER  -