TY - RPRT A1 - Bruttel, Lisa Verena A1 - Nithammer, Juri A1 - Stolley, Florian T1 - ”Thanks in Advance” BT - The Negative Effect of a Polite Phrase on Compliance with a Request T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - This paper studies the effect of the commonly used phrase “thanks in advance” on compliance with a small request. In a controlled laboratory experiment we ask participants to give a detailed answer to an open question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the phrase “thanks in advance.” Our participants react to the treatment by exerting less effort in answering the request even though they perceive the phrase as polite. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 7 KW - compliance behavior KW - gratitude KW - reciprocity KW - experiment Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-427706 SN - 2628-653X IS - 7 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - Juang, Linda P. T1 - “We don’t do that in Germany!” A critical race theory examination of Turkish heritage young adults’ school experiences JF - Ethnicities N2 - Turkish heritage students are underrepresented at university-track secondary schools in Germany, yet the institutional discrimination contributing to this ongoing disparity often remains unquestioned, situated within inequitable norms of belonging. Drawing on critical race theory and a risk and resilience framework, the current study investigated the interplay between institutional and interpersonal discrimination in relation to exclusionary norms enacted in university-track schools. Using thematic analysis, interviews with eight Turkish German young adults from multiple regions of Germany were analyzed, highlighting the need for culturally responsive teaching, more teacher reflexivity regarding bias, a greater focus on equity, and more direct discussions of racism and its impact. KW - Turkish German KW - secondary education KW - institutional discrimination KW - thematic analysis KW - critical race theory KW - risk and resilience Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1468796818788596 SN - 1468-7968 SN - 1741-2706 VL - 19 IS - 5 SP - 830 EP - 857 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Siegel, Björn A1 - Schlör, Joachim A1 - Cohen-Hattab, Kobi A1 - Weinmann, Franziska A1 - Wassner, Dalia A1 - Studemund-Halévy, Michael A1 - Jacob, Frank A1 - Schachter, Allison A1 - Schirrmeister, Sebastian A1 - Jessen, Caroline A1 - Jungheim, Elias S. A1 - Fischer, Saskia A1 - Cooperman, Jessica A1 - Emig, Caroline A1 - Ginsburg, Shai ED - Siegel, Björn ED - Krah, Markus ED - Czendze, Oskar T1 - “They Took to the Sea” BT - Jewish History and Culture in Maritime Perspective(s) T2 - PaRDeS : Journal of the Association for Jewish Studies in Germany T2 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. N2 - The sea and maritime spaces have long been neglected in the field of Jewish studies despite their relevance in the context of Jewish religious texts and historical narratives. The images of Noah’s arche, king Salomon’s maritime activities or the miracle of the parting of the Red Sea immediately come into mind, however, only illustrate a few aspects of Jewish maritime activities. Consequently, the relations of Jews and the sea has to be seen in a much broader spatial and temporal framework in order to understand the overall importance of maritime spaces in Jewish history and culture. Almost sixty years after Samuel Tolkowsky’s pivotal study on maritime Jewish history and culture and the publication of his book “They Took to the Sea” in 1964, this volume of PaRDeS seeks to follow these ideas, revisit Jewish history and culture from different maritime perspectives and shed new light on current research in the field, which brings together Jewish and maritime studies. The articles in this volume therefore reflect a wide range of topics and illustrate how maritime perspectives can enrich our understanding of Jewish history and culture and its entanglement with the sea – especially in modern times. They study different spaces and examine their embedded narratives and functions. They follow in one way or another the discussions which evolved in the last decades, focused on the importance of spatial dimensions and opened up possibilities for studying the production and construction of spaces, their influences on cultural practices and ideas, as well as structures and changes of social processes. By taking these debates into account, the articles offer new insights into Jewish history and culture by taking us out to “sea” and inviting us to revisit Jewish history and culture from different maritime perspectives. T3 - PaRDeS : Zeitschrift der Vereinigung für Jüdische Studien e.V. - 28 KW - Jewish Maritime Studies KW - Jewish Sea KW - Samuel Tolkowsky KW - Seafaring KW - Maritime spaces KW - Jüdisch-Maritime Studien KW - Jüdische Meer KW - Samuel Tolkowsky KW - Seefahrtswesen KW - Maritime Räume Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-573479 SN - 978-3-86956-552-1 SN - 1614-6492 SN - 1862-7684 IS - 28 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schwarz, Anja T1 - “Parallel Societies” of the past? BT - articulations of citizenship’s commemorative dimension in Berlin’s cityscape N2 - Historical narratives play an important role in constructing contemporary notions of citizenship. They are sites on which ideas of the nation are not only reaffirmed but also contested and reframed. In contemporary Germany, dominant narratives of the country’s modern history habitually focus on the legacy of the Third Reich and tend to marginalize the country’s rich and highly complex histories of immigration. The article addresses this commemorative void in relation to Berlin’s urban landscape. It explores how the city’s multilayered architecture provides locations for the articulation of marginal memories—and hence sites of urban citizenship—that are often denied to immigrant communities on a national scale. Through a detailed examination of a small celebration in 1965 that marked the anniversary of the founding of the modern Turkish republic, the article engages with the layers of history that coalesce around such sites in Berlin. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 375 KW - Berlin KW - commemorative acts of citizenship KW - migration KW - multidirectional memory Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-403655 ER - TY - THES A1 - Schallau, Juliane T1 - “Maybe Happen Is Never Once” – temporalities of guilt in William Faulkner T1 - Zeitlichkeiten von Schuld bei William Faulkner N2 - This study focuses on William Faulkner, whose works explore the demise of the slavery-based Old South during the Civil War in a highly experimental narrative style. Central to this investigation is the analysis of the temporal dimensions of both individual and collective guilt, thus offering a new approach to the often-discussed problem of Faulkner’s portrayal of social decay. The thesis examines how Faulkner re-narrates the legacy of the Old South as a guilt narrative and argues that Faulkner uses guilt in order to corroborate his concept of time and the idea of the continuity of the past. The focus of the analysis is on three of Faulkner’s arguably most important novels: The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom!, and Go Down, Moses. Each of these novels features a main character deeply overwhelmed by the crimes of the past, whether private, familial, or societal. As a result, guilt is explored both from a domestic as well as a social perspective. In order to show how Faulkner blends past and present by means of guilt, this work examines several methods and motifs borrowed from different fields and genres with which Faulkner narratively negotiates guilt. These include religious notions of original sin, the motif of the ancestral curse prevalent in the Southern Gothic genre, and the psychological concept of trauma. Each of these motifs emphasizes the temporal dimensions of guilt, which are the core of this study, and makes clear that guilt in Faulkner’s work is primarily to be understood as a temporal rather than a moral problem. N2 - Die vorliegende Arbeit widmet sich William Faulkner, der in seinen Werken den Untergang des auf Sklaverei begründeten „Alten Südens“ während des Bürgerkriegs in einer höchst experimentellen Erzählweise verhandelt. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Untersuchung steht die Analyse der zeitlichen Dimensionen von individueller und kollektiver Schuld, die einen neuen Zugang zu Faulkners vielfach erörterter Darstellung des gesellschaftlichen Verfalls bietet. Im Verlauf der Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Faulkner das Erbe des „Alten Südens“ als Schuld-Narrativ neu erzählt, wodurch Schuld als eine Untermauerung von Faulkners grundsätzlichem Zeitverständnis und der Idee von der Kontinuität der Vergangenheit dient. Der Schwerpunkt der Analyse liegt auf drei von Faulkners wohl bedeutendsten Romanen: The Sound and the Fury, Absalom, Absalom! und Go Down, Moses. Jeder dieser Romane verfügt über eine Hauptfigur, die zutiefst überwältigt von den Verbrechen der Vergangenheit ist, seien sie privater, familiärer oder gesellschaftlicher Natur. Dadurch wird Schuld sowohl aus familiärer als auch aus sozialer Perspektive beleuchtet. Um aufzuzeigen, wie Vergangenheit und Gegenwart bei Faulkner anhand von Schuld verschmelzen, werden im Verlauf der Arbeit die aus unterschiedlichen Feldern und Genres entlehnten Methoden und Motive untersucht, mit denen Faulkner Schuld narrativ verhandelt. Dazu zählen religiöse Vorstellungen der Ursünde, das insbesondere im Genre der Southern Gothic verwendete Motiv des Fluches sowie das psychologische Konzept des Traumas. Jedes dieser Motive unterstreicht die zeitlichen Dimensionen von Schuld, deren Untersuchung Kern dieser Arbeit ist, und verdeutlicht, dass Schuld bei Faulkner vordergründig als zeitliches und nicht als moralisches Problem zu verstehen ist. KW - William Faulkner KW - guilt KW - Faulkner studies KW - Faulknerforschung KW - William Faulkner KW - Schuld Y1 - 2024 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-628858 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wilkens, Jan T1 - “Jewish, Gay and Proud” T1 - “Jewish, Gay and Proud” BT - The Founding of Beth Chayim Chadashim as a Milestone of Jewish Homosexual Integration BT - Die Gründung von Beth Chayim Chadashim als Meilenstein in der Integration von jüdischen Homosexuellen T2 - Pri ha-Pardes N2 - This publication examines the foundation and institutional integration of the first gay-lesbian synagogue Beth Chayim Chadashim, which was founded in Los Angeles in 1972. As early as June 1974, the synagogue was admitted to the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the umbrella organization of the Reform congregations in the United States. Previously, the potential acceptance of a congregation by and for homosexual Jews triggered an intense and broad debate within Reform Judaism. The work asks how it was possible to successfully establish a gay-lesbian synagogue at a time when homosexual acts were considered unnatural and contrary to tradition by almost the entire Jewish community. The starting point of the argumentation is, in addition to general changes in American synagogues after World War II, the assumption that Los Angeles was the most suitable place for this foundation. Los Angeles has an impressive queer history and the Jewish community was more open, tolerant and innovative here than its counterpart on the East Coast. The Metropolitan Community Church was also founded in the city, and as the largest religious institution for homosexual Christians, it also served as the birthplace of queer synagogues. Reform Judaism was chosen as the place of institutional integration of the community because a relative openness for such an endeavor was only seen here. Responsa written in response to a potential admission of Beth Chayim Chadashim can be used to understand the arguments and positions of rabbis and psychologists regarding homosexuality and communities for homosexual Jews in the early 1970s. Ultimately, the commitment and dedication of the congregation and its heterosexual supporters convinced the decision-makers in Reform Judaism. The decisive impulse to question the situation of homosexual Jews in Judaism came from Los Angeles. With its analysis, the publication contributes to the understanding of Queer Jewish History in general and queer synagogues in particular. N2 - Diese Arbeit untersucht die Gründung und die institutionelle Integration der ersten schwul–lesbischen Synagoge Beth Chayim Chadashim, die 1972 in Los Angeles gegründet wurde. Bereits im Juni 1974 wurde die Synagoge in die Union of American Hebrew Congregations, dem Dachverband der U.S.-amerikanischen Reformgemeinden, aufgenommen. Zuvor löste die potentielle Aufnahme einer Gemeinde von und für homosexuelle Juden* eine intensive und breite Debatte innerhalb des Reformjudentums aus. Die Arbeit stellt die Frage, wie es möglich war, zu einer Zeit, in der homosexuelle Handlungen von fast der gesamten jüdischen Gemeinschaft als unnatürlich und wider der Tradition angesehen wurden, eine schwul-lesbische Synagoge erfolgreich zu etablieren. Ausgangspunkt der Argumentation ist neben allgemeinen Veränderungen in U.S.-amerikanischen Synagogen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg die Annahme, dass Los Angeles der geeignetste Ort für diese Gründung war. Los Angeles hat eine beeindruckende queere Geschichte und die jüdische Gemeinschaft war hier offener, toleranter und innovativer als ihr Gegenpart an der Ostküste. In der Stadt wurde zudem die Metropolitan Community Church gegründet, die als größte religiöse Einrichtung für homosexuelle Christ*innen auch als Geburtsstätte queerer Synagogen fungierte. Das Reformjudentum als Ort der institutionellen Integration der Gemeinde wurde gewählt, da nur hier eine relative Offenheit für ein solches Unternehmen gesehen wurde. Anhand von Responsen, die in Reaktion auf eine potentielle Aufnahme von Beth Chayim Chadashim verfasst wurden, können die Argumente und Positionen von Rabbinern und Psychologen bezüglich Homosexualität und Gemeinden für homosexuelle Juden* Anfang der 1970er-Jahre nachvollzogen werden. Letztlich überzeugten das Engagement und die Hingabe der Gemeinde sowie ihre heterosexuellen Unterstützer*innen die Entscheidungsträger*innen im Reformjudentum. Dabei kam von Los Angeles heraus der entscheidende Impuls, die Situation homosexueller Juden* im Judentum zu hinterfragen und ihnen Gehör zu verschaffen. Mit ihrer Analyse leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zum Verständnis jüdisch-queerer Geschichte im Allgemeinen und queerer Synagogen im Besonderen. T3 - Pri ha-Pardes - 13 KW - Queer Judaism KW - Queer Jewish History KW - American Judaism KW - Reform Judaism KW - Gay Outreach Synagogues KW - Queer KW - Queeres Judentum KW - Queer History KW - Reformjudentum KW - Gender und Queer Studies Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-473702 SN - 978-3-86956-492-0 SN - 1863-7442 SN - 2191-4540 N1 - Ausgezeichnet mit dem Hans-Jürgen Bachorski-Preis der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Potsdam. IS - 13 PB - Universitätsverlag Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hadad, Yemima T1 - “Ich Habe Nicht Geantwortet” BT - Hermeneutics of secrecy, religious silence, and Dialogvergessenheit in Martin Buber’s exchange with Franz Rosenzweig about Halakhah JF - Naharaim : Zeitschrift für deutsch-jüdische Literatur und Kulturgeschichte (Journal of German-Jewish Literature and Cultural History) N2 - The exchange between Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig on the status of halakha is a well known, but also frustrating fixture in scholarship. For rather than responding to Rosenzweig’s critique, Buber seems to retreat in silence, claiming to be “unable to speak” about his position on Jewish Law. Scholars have generally tried to explain Buber’s failure to respond on philosophical and biographical grounds. What I propose, by contrast, is to revisit the question of Buber’s silence and secrecy from a hermeneutical standpoint, arguing that Buber engaged in a deliberate strategy of concealment that constituted its own form of response. The hermeneutics of silence discloses a call for religious renewal that follows a state of Dialogvergessenheit, but which cannot be made audible. Neither dialogue nor its remembrance can be commanded. While Buber struggles with his Nichtredenkönnen, he also stands in a tradition of secretive hermeneutics – the Jewish hermeneutics of sod. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/naha-2019-0015 SN - 1862-9156 SN - 1862-9148 VL - 14 IS - 1 SP - 103 EP - 132 PB - de Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hennemann, Anja T1 - “I mean, no soy psicóloga” BT - The English discourse marker I mean in Spanish and Portuguese online communication N2 - This paper is concerned with the qualitative analysis of the use of the English discourse marker I mean in Spanish and Portuguese online discourses (in online fora, blogs or user comments on websites). The examples are retrieved from the Corpus del Español (Web/ Dialects) as well as the Corpus do Português (Web/ Dialects). KW - I mean KW - discourse marker KW - Spanish discourse KW - Portuguese discourse KW - Code-switching KW - Borrowing Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-430984 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Liebig, Ferenc A1 - Sarhan, Radwan Mohamed A1 - Prietzel, Claudia Christina A1 - Reinecke, Antje A1 - Koetz, Joachim T1 - “Green” gold nanotriangles: synthesis, purification by polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation and performance in surface-enhanced Raman scattering N2 - The aim of this study was to develop a one-step synthesis of gold nanotriangles (NTs) in the presence of mixed phospholipid vesicles followed by a separation process to isolate purified NTs. Negatively charged vesicles containing AOT and phospholipids, in the absence and presence of additional reducing agents (polyampholytes, polyanions or low molecular weight compounds), were used as a template phase to form anisotropic gold nanoparticles. Upon addition of the gold chloride solution, the nucleation process is initiated and both types of particles, i.e., isotropic spherical and anisotropic gold nanotriangles, are formed simultaneously. As it was not possible to produce monodisperse nanotriangles with such a one-step procedure, the anisotropic nanoparticles needed to be separated from the spherical ones. Therefore, a new type of separation procedure using combined polyelectrolyte/micelle depletion flocculation was successfully applied. As a result of the different purification steps, a green colored aqueous dispersion was obtained containing highly purified, well-defined negatively charged flat nanocrystals with a platelet thickness of 10 nm and an edge length of about 175 nm. The NTs produce promising results in surface-enhanced Raman scattering. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 317 KW - morphological transformation KW - halide-ions KW - nanoparticles KW - shape KW - size KW - nanoprisms KW - vesicles KW - nanorods KW - silver KW - poly(ethyleneimine) Y1 - 2016 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-394430 SP - 33561 EP - 33568 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pinkas, Ronen T1 - “Der Sabbat” as a point of reference for evaluating Erich Fromm’s approach to Jewish Law BT - a prelude to Fromm's Contribution to Modern Jewish Thought JF - Fromm Forum Y1 - 2021 UR - https://www.fromm-gesellschaft.eu/images/pdf-Dateien/Pinkas_R_2021.pdf SN - 1437-0956 VL - 25 SP - 19 EP - 41 PB - Internationale Erich-Fromm-Gesellschaft CY - Tübingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Ogden, Richard T1 - “Chunking” spoken language BT - Introducing weak cesuras T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 174 KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - intonation units KW - talk-in-interaction KW - syntax KW - kinetics Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-536259 SN - 1866-8380 SP - 531 EP - 548 PB - Universität Potsdam CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Barth-Weingarten, Dagmar A1 - Ogden, Richard T1 - “Chunking” spoken language BT - Introducing weak cesuras JF - Open linguistics N2 - In this introductory paper to the special issue on “Weak cesuras in talk-in-interaction”, we aim to guide the reader into current work on the “chunking” of naturally occurring talk. It is conducted in the methodological frameworks of Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics – two approaches that consider the interactional aspect of humans talking with each other to be a crucial starting point for its analysis. In doing so, we will (1) lay out the background of this special issue (what is problematic about “chunking” talk-in-interaction, the characteristics of the methodological approach chosen by the contributors, the cesura model), (2) highlight what can be gained from such a revised understanding of “chunking” in talk-in-interaction by referring to previous work with this model as well as the findings of the contributions to this special issue, and (3) indicate further directions such work could take starting from papers in this special issue. We hope to induce a fruitful exchange on the phenomena discussed, across methodological divides. KW - Conversation Analysis KW - Interactional Linguistics KW - prosody KW - phonetics KW - intonation units KW - talk-in-interaction KW - syntax KW - kinetics Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0173 SN - 2300-9969 VL - 7 IS - 1 SP - 531 EP - 548 PB - De Gruyter CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels JF - Frontiers in Big Data N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2022.908636 SN - 2624-909X IS - 5 PB - Frontiers CY - Lausanne, Schweiz ER - TY - GEN A1 - Seewann, Lena A1 - Verwiebe, Roland A1 - Buder, Claudia A1 - Fritsch, Nina-Sophie T1 - “Broadcast your gender.” BT - A comparison of four text-based classification methods of German YouTube channels T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Social media platforms provide a large array of behavioral data relevant to social scientific research. However, key information such as sociodemographic characteristics of agents are often missing. This paper aims to compare four methods of classifying social attributes from text. Specifically, we are interested in estimating the gender of German social media creators. By using the example of a random sample of 200 YouTube channels, we compare several classification methods, namely (1) a survey among university staff, (2) a name dictionary method with the World Gender Name Dictionary as a reference list, (3) an algorithmic approach using the website gender-api.com, and (4) a Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB) machine learning technique. These different methods identify gender attributes based on YouTube channel names and descriptions in German but are adaptable to other languages. Our contribution will evaluate the share of identifiable channels, accuracy and meaningfulness of classification, as well as limits and benefits of each approach. We aim to address methodological challenges connected to classifying gender attributes for YouTube channels as well as related to reinforcing stereotypes and ethical implications. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 152 KW - text based classification methods KW - gender KW - YouTube KW - machine learning KW - authorship attribution Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-566287 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 152 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiemann, Dirk T1 - “...saying what was previously unthinkable” BT - for an egalitarian version of populism : An Interview with Yannis Stavrakakis JF - Hard times : deutsch-englische Zeitschrift Y1 - 2018 SN - 0171-1695 SN - 2627-4264 VL - 101 IS - 1 SP - 15 EP - 23 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Björk, Jennie A1 - Hölzle, Katharina A1 - Boer, Harry T1 - ‘What will we learn from the current crisis?’ JF - Creativity and innovation management Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/caim.12442 SN - 0963-1690 SN - 1467-8691 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 231 EP - 232 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Oxford [u.a.] ER - TY - INPR A1 - Eckstein, Lars T1 - ‘We’re destroyed if we mix. And we’re destroyed if we don’t’ BT - indigeneity in the modern World system and the politics of Tricksterese in Pauline Melville’s The Ventriloquist’s Tale Y1 - 2012 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-85529 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Becker, Julius Lucas T1 - ‘To grab, when the grabbing begins’ BT - German foreign and colonial policy during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 and the Triple Intervention of 1895 JF - The international history review N2 - The Sino-Japanese War of 1894/95 is usually only briefly mentioned in studies on diplomatic history. Especially the war's impact on Wilhelmine foreign and world policy (Weltpolitik) has been largely neglected. However, the events in East Asia had a profound influence on the political leadership in Berlin. The Wilhelmstrasse's attitude towards the conflict changed rapidly when the course of the war in Northeast Asia made a collapse of the Qing Empire increasingly likely. Afraid of the prospect of being left empty handed in an upcoming scramble for China, German diplomacy got active in early 1895. Driven by a hectic activism which soon should become a dominant feature of Weltpolitik, Berlin concluded an ad-hoc alliance with St. Petersburg and Paris. In April 1895, this unlikely coalition intervened against Tokyo. While the Triple Intervention served primarily Russia's interest to maintain the status quo on the Chinese mainland, Germany aimed at the acquisition of a military and commercial base in Northeast Asia. Driven by public opinion, the naval leadership and the Emperor Wilhelm II., the formerly neutral and reserved German diplomacy changed towards an aggressive and unstable imperialist policy, which ultimately resulted in the acquisition of Qingdao in November 1897. KW - Imperial Germany KW - diplomacy KW - imperialism (Sino-Japanese War) Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.2021.1909101 SN - 0707-5332 SN - 1949-6540 VL - 44 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 20 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - New York, NY [u.a.] ER - TY - THES A1 - Raju, Rajarshi Roy T1 - ‘Smart’ Janus emulsions BT - preparation, characterization, and application as a template for aerogel preparation N2 - Emulsions constitute one of the most prominent and continuously evolving research areas in Colloid Chemistry, which involves the preparation of mixtures or dispersions of immiscible components in a continuous medium. Besides conventional oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions, other emulsions of complex droplet morphologies have recently attracted significant research interests. Especially Janus emulsions, in which each droplet is comprised of two distinct sub-regions, have shown versatile potential applications. One of their advantages is the possibility of compartmentalization, which enables to play with two different chemistries in a single droplet. Though microfluidic methods are conventionally used to prepare Janus emulsions, their industrial applications are largely hindered by low throughput and extensive instrumentations. Recently, it has been discovered that simply one-pot moderate/high energy emulsification is also capable of developing Janus morphology, although their preparation and stabilization remain rather substantially challenging. This cumulative doctoral thesis focuses on the preparation and characterization of ‘smart’ Janus emulsions, i.e. Janus emulsions with special stimuli-responsive features. One-step moderate/high energy emulsification of olive and silicone oil in an aqueous medium was carried out. Special consideration was devoted to the interfacial tensions among the components to maintain the criteria of forming characteristic droplet architectures, in addition to avoiding multiple emulsion destabilization phenomena like imminent phase separation or even separated droplet formation. A series of investigations were conducted related to the formation of complexes of charged macromolecules and role of them as stabilizers to achieve stable Janus emulsions for a realistic timeframe (more than 3 months). The correlation between the size of the stabilizer particles and the droplet size of emulsion was established. Furthermore, it was observed that Janus emulsion gels with interesting rheological properties can be fabricated in the presence of suitable polyelectrolyte complexes. Janus emulsions that could be influenced by pH, temperature or magnetic field were successfully produced in presence of characteristic stimuli-responsive stabilizers. Afterwards, the effect of these changes was studied by different characterization techniques. The size and morphology could be tuned easily by changing the pH. The incorporation of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (synthesized separately by a co-precipitation method) to one component of the Janus emulsion was carried out so that the movement and orientation of the complex droplets in aqueous media could be controlled by an external magnetic field. Additionally, temperature-triggered instantaneous reversible breakdown of Janus droplets was also accomplished. The responses of the Janus droplets by the stimuli were well-documented and explained. Another goal of the present contribution was to exploit this special morphological feature of emulsions as a template for producing porous materials. This was demonstrated by the preparation of ultralight magnetic responsive aerogels, utilizing Janus emulsion gels. The produced aerogels also showed the capacity to separate toxic dye from water. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of investigation towards batch scale production of Janus emulsion with such special stimuli-responsive properties by a simple bulk emulsification method. N2 - Emulsionen bilden eines der bekanntesten und sich ständig weiterentwickelnden Forschungsgebiete in der Kolloidchemie. Dabei werden Gemische oder Dispersionen nicht miteinander mischbarer Komponenten in einem kontinuierlichen Medium hergestellt. Neben den herkömmlichen Öl-in-Wasser- oder Wasser-in-Öl-Emulsionen gewinnen in letzter Zeit andere Emulsionen mit komplexeren Tröpfchenmorphologien zunehmend an Forschungsinteresse. Hier sind vor allem Janus-Emulsionen, zu nennen, die aus zwei nicht mischbaren Ölkomponenten, dispergiert in einem wässerigen Medium, bestehen. Da jedes Tröpfchen aus zwei unterschiedlichen Kompartimenten gebildet wird, besteht hier die Möglichkeit gezielt mit der Chemie der Tröpschenbestandteile zu spielen. Obwohl mikrofluidische Verfahren üblicherweise zur Herstellung von Janus-Emulsionen verwendet werden, finden diese nur begrenzt Anwendung in der Industrie aufgrund des geringen Durchsatzes. Kürzlich wurde entdeckt, dass mit einer einfachen Eintopf-Emulgierung bei mittlerer/hoher Energie auch die Janus-Morphologie erzeugt werden kann. Die Herstellung und Stabilisierung der Emulsionen unter Anwendung dieser Methode bleibt jedoch eine große Herausforderung. Der Fokus dieser kumulativen Doktorarbeit konzentriert sich auf die Herstellung und Charakterisierung von „smarten“ Janus-Emulsionen. Diese sind zum Beispiel Janus-Emulsionen, die auf spezielle Reize/Stimuli reagieren. Eine einstufige Emulgierung mit mittlerer/hoher Energie von Oliven- und Silikonöl wurde im wässrigen Medium durchgeführt. Besonderes Augenmerk wurde auf die Grenzflächenspannungen zwischen den Komponenten gelegt, um die Kriterien für die Bildung charakteristischer Tröpfchenarchitekturen beizubehalten und um mehrfache Emulsionsdestabilisierungsphänomene wie eine Phasentrennung oder sogar eine getrennte Tröpfchenbildung zu vermeiden. Eine Reihe von Untersuchungen bezog sich auf die Bildung von Komplexen geladener Makromoleküle und deren Rolle als Stabilisatoren, um stabile Janus-Emulsionen über einen realistischen Zeitraum (länger als 3 Monate) zu erzielen. Dabei wurde eine Korrelation zwischen der Größe der Komplexe und der Tröpfchengröße festgestellt. Weiterhin konnte gezeigt werden, dass Janus-Emulsionsgele mit interessanten rheologischen Eigenschaften in Gegenwart geeigneter Polyelektrolytkomplexe hergestellt werden können. Temperatur und pH-Wert erwiesen sich als Stimulatoren für ausgewählte polymerstabilisierte Janus Emulsionen. Anschließend wurde die Auswirkung dieser Stimuli durch verschiedene Charakterisierungsmethoden untersucht. Dabei konnten die Größe und die Morphologie durch die Änderung des pH-Wertes eingestellt werden. Durch die Einfügung von magnetischen Eisenoxid-Nanopartikeln in eine der Komponenten der Janus-Emulsion konnten die Orientierung und die Bewegung der Tröpfchen durch ein externes Magnetfeld gesteuert werden. Zusätzlich konnte ein temperaturabhängiger sofortiger reversibler Zusammenfall von Janus-Tröpfchen gezeigt werden.. Ein weiteres Ziel des vorliegenden Arbeit war es, dieses spezielle morphologische Merkmal von Emulsionen als Vorlage für die Herstellung poröser Materialien zu nutzen. Dies wurde durch die Herstellung von ultraleichten magnetischen Aerogelen unter Verwendung von Janus-Emulsionsgelen demonstriert. Die hergestellten Aerogele zeigten die Fähigkeit toxischen Farbstoff von Wasser abzutrennen. Nach unserem besten Wissen ist dies das erste Beispiel für eine Untersuchung zur Herstellung von Janus-Emulsionen im Chargenmaßstab mit solchen speziellen Reiz/Stimuli responsiven Eigenschaften durch ein einfaches Emulgierungsverfahren. KW - janus emulsion KW - emulsion KW - magnetic nanoparticles KW - aerogel KW - stimul-responsive KW - stimul-responsive emulsion KW - pH-responsive KW - temperature-responsive Y1 - 2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Carlà-Uhink, Filippo T1 - ‘He had thoughtlessly accepted certain gifts’ BT - corrnuption and ormative behaviour for roman magistrates JF - Cultural History N2 - It has been highlighted many times how difficult it is to draw a boundary between gift and bribe, and how the same transfer can be interpreted in different ways according to the position of the observer and the narrative frame into which it is inserted. This also applied of course to Ancient Rome; in both the Republic and Principate lawgivers tried to define the limits of acceptable transfers and thus also to identify what we might call ‘corruption’. Yet, such definitions remained to a large extent blurred, and what was constructed was mostly a ‘code of conduct’, allowing Roman politicians to perform their own ‘honesty’ in public duty – while being aware at all times that their involvement in different kinds of transfer might be used by their opponents against them and presented as a case of ‘corrupt’ behaviour. KW - corruption KW - gift-giving KW - Ancient Rome KW - bribery KW - transfers KW - code of conduct KW - embezzlement KW - Cicero Y1 - 2024 UR - https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/cult.2024.0296 SN - 2045-290X SN - 2045-2918 VL - 13 IS - 1 SP - 52 EP - 70 PB - Edinburgh University Press CY - Edinburgh ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brendel, Heiko T1 - ‘Hasty observations’? BT - Geographical field research and intercultural encounters in the Austro- Hungarian occupied Western Balkans, 1916–1918 T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Philosophische Reihe N2 - This article examines geographical field research in Albania and Montenegro under Austro-Hungarian occupation, which lasted from 1916 to 1918. It focusses on one of the most important German-speaking geographers of the early 20 th century, Eugen Oberhummer (1859–1944), a pupil of Friedrich Ratzel, the founder of German geo-politics. In 1917 and 1918, Oberhummer went on two expeditions to Montenegro and Albania during the First World War. He already had travelled in four continents and vaguely knew the Western Balkans from an expedition in 1907. It will be argued that the actual situation in Albania and Montenegro did not alter, but did rather reinforce Oberhummer’s attitudes and opinions on the ‘other’ he encountered. Thus, the two war expeditions – Oberhummer primarily met high-ranking Austro-Hungarian officials and only few locals – confirmed his expectations basing on his ‘Ratzelian’ theoretical conceptions. It will further be argued that – in contrast to the much younger and less experienced ‘scholars-at-arms’ of the expedition of 1916 – war and violence were of secondary relevance for the well-travelled and renowned professor of geography in his late 50s. Neither in Oberhummer’s articles nor in his diaries the war and the occupation of Albania and Montenegro made up an important part. In Oberhummer’s ‘Ratzelian’ view, humans could not change or over-come the basic features of geography, as humans were clearly subordinated to the elemental forces of geography. People, over generations, adapted to geography, not the other way round. The on-going First World War was an opportunity for Oberhummer to travel to Albania and Montenegro, but the guerrilla warfare in large parts of Montenegro, the violence against the civilian population, and the fighting at the Albanian front were of secondary relevance and interest for him. Nevertheless, what Oberhummer observed offers great insights into the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro and Albania from the perspective of a renowned and – given the general circumstances – pleasantly relaxed Ratzelian geographer at the height of his academic career. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 166 KW - Albania KW - Montenegro KW - Austro-Hungarian occupation 1916–1918 KW - geographical field research KW - Eugen Oberhummer KW - Friedrich Ratzel Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435000 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 166 SP - 184 EP - 208 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Keskin, Cem T1 - Şey-substitution and constituent structure in Turkish JF - Turkic languages N2 - This paper attempts to account for the syntactic distribution of the particle sey in Turkish, in particular its suffixed variant which is a placeholder for expressions that have to be inserted into the discourse later. The paper argues that the distribution of suffixed sey is determined by constituent structure, meaning that Bey can only substitute for syntactic constituents. Thus, sey acts as a pro-form, similar, for instance, to pronouns substituting for noun phrases. This has two implications: First, as sey is a quasi-universal pro-form with the ability to substitute for a wide range of constituents, sey-substitution can be used as a constituency test to peek into the constituent structure of virtually any major syntactic domain. Second, the overall sey-substitution pattern across different syntactic domains constitutes evidence for Kayne's binary branching hypothesis. KW - Turkish syntax KW - pro-forms KW - placeholder KW - binary branching hypothesis Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.13173/TL.25.2.243 SN - 1431-4983 SN - 2747-450X VL - 25 IS - 2 SP - 243 EP - 275 PB - Harrassowitz CY - Wiesbaden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes T1 - Émile Zola’s Climate History of the Second Empire JF - Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment N2 - This article looks at Émile Zola’s novel cycle Les Rougon-Macquart and argues that it describes its subject, the Second Empire, as a warming climate tending toward climate catastrophe. Zola’s affinity to the notion of climate is shown to be linked to his poetic employment of the concept of ‘milieu’, inspired by Hippolyte Taine. Close readings of selected passages from the Rougon-Macquart are used to work out the climatic difference between ‘the old’ and ‘the new Paris’, and the process of warming that characterises the Second Empire. Octave Mouret’s department store holds a special place in the article, as it is analysed through what the article suggests calling a ‘meteorotopos’: a location of intensified climatic conditions that accounts for an increased interaction between human and non-human actors. The department store is also one of the many sites in the novel cycle that locally prefigure the ‘global’ climate catastrophe of Paris burning, in which the Second Empire perishes. N2 - El artículo hace una lectura del ciclo de novelas Les Rougon-Macquart y argumenta que describe su sujeto, el Segundo Imperio, como un clima que se calienta y se dirige hacia una catástrofe climática. La afinidad de Zola con la noción de clima está expuesta en la connexion con su uso poetológico del concepto de ‘milieu’, inspirado en Hippolyte Taine. El artículo hace una lectura detallada de Rougon-Macquart para diferenciar entre la “vieja” y la “nueva París” y el proceso de calentamiento que caracteriza al Segundo Imperio. El gran almacén de Octave Mouret tiene un lugar protagónico en el artículo, por medio de su análisis se propone el concepto “meteorotopos”: una locación con unas condiciones climáticas intensificadas, que da cuenta de una elevada interacción entre actors humanos y no-humanos. El almacén es uno de varios espacios en el ciclo de novelas que prefiguran localmente la situación en la que el Segundo Imperio perece: la catástrofe ‘global’ de París en llamas. KW - Rougon-Marcquart KW - climate KW - milieu KW - Hippolyte Taine KW - global warming Y1 - 2020 UR - http://ecozona.eu/article/view/3181/4137 U6 - https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2020.11.1.3181 SN - 2171-9594 VL - 11 IS - 1 SP - 9 EP - 26 PB - Alcalá de Henares CY - Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Estudios Norteamericanos "Benjamín Franklin", Universidad de Alcalá ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes T1 - Émile Zola and the literary language of climate change JF - Nottingham French studies / University of Nottingham N2 - On 7 February 1861, John Tyndall, professor of natural philosophy, delivered a historical lecture: he could prove that different gases absorb heat to a very different degree, which implies that the temperate conditions provided for by the Earth's atmosphere are dependent on its particular composition of gases. The theoretical foundation of climate science was laid. Ten years later, on the other side of the Channel, a young and ambitious author was working on a comprehensive literary analysis of the French era under the Second Empire. Émile Zola had probably not heard or read of Tyndall's discovery. However, the article makes the case for reading Zola's Rougon-Macquart as an extensive story of climate change. Zola's literary attempts to capture the defining characteristic of the Second Empire led him to the insight that its various milieus were all part of the same ‘climate’: that of an all-encompassing warming. Zola suggests that this climate is man-made: the economic success of the Second Empire is based on heating, in a literal and metaphorical sense, as well as on stoking the steam-engines and creating the hypertrophic atmosphere of the hothouse that enhances life and maximises turnover and profit. In contrast to Tyndall and his audience, Zola sensed the catastrophic consequences of this warming: the Second Empire was inevitably moving towards a final débâcle, i.e. it was doomed to perish in local and ‘global’ climate catastrophes. The article foregrounds the supplementary status of Tyndall's physical and Zola's literary knowledge. As Zola's striking intuition demonstrates, literature appears to have a privileged approach to the phenomenon of man-induced climate change. N2 - Le 7 février 1861, le professeur de philosophie naturelle John Tyndall donna une communication historique: il pouvait prouver que des gaz différents absorbent la chaleur de manière différente, ce qui implique que les conditions tempérées fournies par l’atmosphère terrestre dépendent de sa composition particulière en gaz. Le fondement théorique de la science climatique était posé. Dix ans plus tard, de l'autre côté du Channel, un jeune auteur ambitieux était en train de faire une analyse littéraire globale de la France du Second Empire. Émile Zola n'avait probablement pas entendu parler de la découverte de Tyndall. Cependant, cet article propose de lire les Rougon Macquart de Zola comme une vaste histoire du changement climatique. Les tentatives littéraires entreprises par Zola pour capturer la caractéristique déterminante du Second Empire l'amena à réaliser que ses différents milieux faisaient tous partie du même « climat »: celui d'un réchauffement global. Zola suggère que ce climat est créé par l'humain et que le succès économique du Second Empire est basé sur l'action de chauffer dans un sens littéral et métaphorique, ainsi que sur l'alimentation des machines à vapeur et la création de l'atmosphère hypertrophiée d'une serre qui enrichit la vie et maximise l'écoulement et le profit. Contrairement à Tyndall et à son auditoire, Zola pressentit les conséquences catastrophiques d'un tel réchauffement: le Second Empire s'approchait inévitablement d'une débâcle finale, c'est-à-dire qu'il était voué à périr dans des catastrophes locales et « globales ». KW - Rougon-Macquart KW - climate change KW - John Tyndall KW - global warming KW - climate catastrophe KW - Second Empire KW - changement climatique KW - réchauffement planétaire KW - catastrophe climatique KW - Rougon-Macquart KW - Second Empire KW - John Tyndall Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2021.0331 SN - 0029-4586 SN - 2047-7236 VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 362 EP - 373 PB - Edinburgh University Press CY - Edinburgh ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ungelenk, Johannes T1 - Émile Zola and the Literary Language of Climate Change JF - Nottingham French Studies N2 - On 7 February 1861, John Tyndall, professor of natural philosophy, delivered a historical lecture: he could prove that different gases absorb heat to a very different degree, which implies that the temperate conditions provided for by the Earth's atmosphere are dependent on its particular composition of gases. The theoretical foundation of climate science was laid. Ten years later, on the other side of the Channel, a young and ambitious author was working on a comprehensive literary analysis of the French era under the Second Empire. Émile Zola had probably not heard or read of Tyndall's discovery. However, the article makes the case for reading Zola's Rougon-Macquart as an extensive story of climate change. Zola's literary attempts to capture the defining characteristic of the Second Empire led him to the insight that its various milieus were all part of the same ‘climate’: that of an all-encompassing warming. Zola suggests that this climate is man-made: the economic success of the Second Empire is based on heating, in a literal and metaphorical sense, as well as on stoking the steam-engines and creating the hypertrophic atmosphere of the hothouse that enhances life and maximises turnover and profit. In contrast to Tyndall and his audience, Zola sensed the catastrophic consequences of this warming: the Second Empire was inevitably moving towards a final débâcle, i.e. it was doomed to perish in local and ‘global’ climate catastrophes. The article foregrounds the supplementary status of Tyndall's physical and Zola's literary knowledge. As Zola's striking intuition demonstrates, literature appears to have a privileged approach to the phenomenon of man-induced climate change. N2 - Le 7 février 1861, le professeur de philosophie naturelle John Tyndall donna une communication historique: il pouvait prouver que des gaz différents absorbent la chaleur de manière différente, ce qui implique que les conditions tempérées fournies par l’atmosphère terrestre dépendent de sa composition particulière en gaz. Le fondement théorique de la science climatique était posé. Dix ans plus tard, de l'autre côté du Channel, un jeune auteur ambitieux était en train de faire une analyse littéraire globale de la France du Second Empire. Émile Zola n'avait probablement pas entendu parler de la découverte de Tyndall. Cependant, cet article propose de lire les Rougon Macquart de Zola comme une vaste histoire du changement climatique. Les tentatives littéraires entreprises par Zola pour capturer la caractéristique déterminante du Second Empire l'amena à réaliser que ses différents milieux faisaient tous partie du même « climat »: celui d'un réchauffement global. Zola suggère que ce climat est créé par l'humain et que le succès économique du Second Empire est basé sur l'action de chauffer dans un sens littéral et métaphorique, ainsi que sur l'alimentation des machines à vapeur et la création de l'atmosphère hypertrophiée d'une serre qui enrichit la vie et maximise l'écoulement et le profit. Contrairement à Tyndall et à son auditoire, Zola pressentit les conséquences catastrophiques d'un tel réchauffement: le Second Empire s'approchait inévitablement d'une débâcle finale, c'est-à-dire qu'il était voué à périr dans des catastrophes locales et « globales ». KW - Rougon-Macquart KW - climate change KW - John Tyndall KW - global warming KW - climate catastrophe KW - Second Empire KW - changement climatique KW - réchauffement planétaire KW - catastrophe climatique KW - Second Empire Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2021.0331 VL - 60 IS - 3 SP - 362 EP - 373 ER - TY - THES A1 - März, Moses T1 - Édouard Glissant's politics of relation T1 - Édouard Glissants Politik der Relation BT - mapping an intellectual movement of marronage BT - Kartographie einer Intellektuellen Marronage N2 - The political legacy of the Martinican poet, novelist and philosopher Édouard Glissant (1928–2011) is the subject of an ongoing debate among postcolonial literary scholars. Responding to an influential view shaping this debate, that Glissant’s work can be categorised into an early political and late apolitical phase, this dissertation claims that this division is based on a narrow conception of 'engaged political writing' that prevents a more comprehensive view of the changing political strategies Glissant pursued throughout his life from emerging. Proceeding from this conceptual basis, the dissertation is concerned with re-reading the dimensions of Glissant's work that have hitherto been relegated as apolitical, literary or poetic, with the aim of conceptualising the politics of relation as an integral part of his overall poetic project. In methodological terms, the dissertation therefore proposes a relational reading of Glissant’s life-work across literary genres, epochs, as well as the conventional divisions between political thought, writing and activism. This perspective is informed by Glissant's philosophy of relation, and draws on a conception of political practice that includes both explicit engagements with established political systems and institutions, as well as literary and cultural interventions geared towards their transformation and the creation of alternatives to them. Theoretically the work thus combines a poststructuralist lens on the conceptual difference between 'politics' and 'the political' with arguments for an inherent political quality of literature, and perspectives from the Afro-Caribbean radical tradition, in which writers and intellectuals have historically sought to combine discursive interventions with organisational actions. Applying this theoretical angle to the analysis of Glissant's politics of relation results in an interdisciplinary research framework designed to explore the synergies between postcolonial political and literary studies. In order to comprehensively describe Glissant's politics of relation without recourse to evolutionary or digressive models, the concept of an intellectual marronage is proposed as a framework to map the strategies making up Glissant's political archive. Drawing on a variety of historic, political theoretical and literary sources, intellectual marronage is understood as a mode of radical resistance to the neocolonial subjugation for which the plantation system stands historically and metaphorically, as an inherently innovative political practice invested in the creation of communities marked by relational ontologies, and as a commitment to fostering an imagination of the world and the human that differs fundamentally from the Enlightenment paradigm. This specific conception of intellectual marronage forms the basis on which three key strategies that consistently shape Glissant's political practice are identified and mapped. They revolve around Glissant's engagement with history (chapter 2), his commitment to fostering an imagination of the Tout-Monde (whole-world) as a political point of reference (chapter 3), and the continuous exploration of alternative forms of community on the levels of the island, the archipelago and the Tout-Monde (chapter 4). Together these strategies constitute Glissant's personal politics of relation. Its abstract characteristics can be put in a productive conversation with related theoretical traditions invested in exploring the political potentials of fugitivity (chapters 5), as well as with the work of other postcolonial actors whose holistic practice warrants to be described as a politics of relation (chapter 6). N2 - Diese Dissertation befasst sich mit der politischen Dimension des Werks von Édouard Glissant (1928-2011), der zu den einflussreichsten aus der frankophonen Karibik stammenden postkolonialen Theoretiker*innen gezählt wird. Durch eine Kombination von literatur- und politikwissenschaftlichen Ansätzen wird Glissants Werk als Ganzes studiert und auf seine politischen Potenziale geprüft. Kennzeichnend für den verfolgten Rechercheansatz ist ein weites Verständnis des Politischen, das sich von gängigen Vorstellungen der Auseinandersetzung mit politischen Systemen und Machtkämpfen unterscheidet, in dem es literarischer und kultureller Arbeit dezidiert politische Bedeutung zuschreibt. Das Konzept der Politik der Relation aufgreifend, welches in Glissants späteren Schriften erscheint, befasst sich diese Arbeit mit den Fragen, was ist die Politik der Relation? Wie kann sie beschrieben werden? Und welche Verbindungen lassen sich zwischen ihr und verwandten politischen Praktiken nachzeichnen? Die Forschungsarbeit kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass mit der Politik der Relation sowohl die diversen politischen Praktiken beschrieben werden können, die das Werk Glissants durchziehen, als auch außerhalb dieses Bereichs postkoloniale politische Praktiken analysiert werden können. Im erstgenannten Kontext bezieht sich der Begriff auf eine ganzheitliche und vielschichtige Praxis eines Dichters und Intellektuellen, dessen politisches Engagement in erster Linie auf Veränderungen im Bereich des Imaginären und der Erschaffung alternativer Gemeinschaften abzielte, der jedoch darüber hinaus wiederholt diskursiv und organisatorisch in bestehende Institutionen und Gemeinschaften intervenierte, um Relationen herzustellen, die von bestehenden Diskursen und politischen Strukturen unterbunden wurden. Im zweiten Kontext, also außerhalb von Glissants eigenem politischen Denken und Handeln, wird die Politik der Relation zudem als ein Begriff vorgeschlagen, der die Praxis bestimmter postkolonialer Akteure beschreiben kann, deren Handeln jeweils ein ganzheitlicher Anspruch zugrunde liegt, bei dem Leben und Schreiben, Inhalt und Form, Mittel und Zwecke nicht voneinander getrennt werden können. Ihre politische Praxis orientiert sich an der radikalen Diversität und Vernetzung aller Kulturen der Welt, sie schöpft aus ihr Kraft und strebt an, sie zu beschützen. Indem die Dissertation Verbindungen zwischen diesen beiden Ebenen aufzeigt, ist sie methodisch ebenfalls relational angelegt. KW - Glissant KW - Politics KW - Marronage KW - Mapping KW - Postcolonial KW - Postkolonial KW - Relation KW - Caribbean KW - Karibik KW - Glissant KW - Kartographie KW - Marronage KW - Politik KW - Relation Y1 - 2021 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-509486 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Vicente, Luis T1 - Ángel J. Gallego, Phase theory T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 539 Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-413116 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 539 SP - 719 EP - 724 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hörnke, Maria T1 - ß-Sheet formation of amyloidogenic model peptides at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces BT - ß-Sheet formation of amyloidogenic model peptides at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces Y1 - 2011 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. A1 - Baumane, Anita A1 - Buchholz, Ingeborg A1 - Schoon, Heinz-Adolf T1 - ß-Carotene accumulation in lung tissue of rats fed different types of fat Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tang, Kam W. A1 - Gladyshev, Michail I. A1 - Dubovskaya, Olgo P. A1 - Kirillin, Georgiy A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter T1 - Zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality in freshwater and inland sea environments JF - Journal of plankton research N2 - Zooplankton carcasses are ubiquitous in marine and freshwater systems, implicating the importance of non-predatory mortality, but both are often overlooked in ecological studies compared with predatory mortality. The development of several microscopic methods allows the distinction between live and dead zooplankton in field samples, and the reported percentages of dead zooplankton average 11.6 (minimum) to 59.8 (maximum) in marine environments, and 7.4 (minimum) to 47.6 (maximum) in fresh and inland waters. Common causes of non-predatory mortality among zooplankton include senescence, temperature change, physical and chemical stresses, parasitism and food-related factors. Carcasses resulting from non-predatory mortality may undergo decomposition leading to an increase in microbial production and a shift in microbial composition in the water column. Alternatively, sinking carcasses may contribute significantly to vertical carbon flux especially outside the phytoplankton growth seasons, and become a food source for the benthos. Global climate change is already altering freshwater ecosystems on multiple levels, and likely will have significant positive or negative effects on zooplankton non-predatory mortality. Better spatial and temporal studies of zooplankton carcasses and non-predatory mortality rates will improve our understanding of this important but under-appreciated topic. KW - carbon flux KW - inland waters KW - lakes KW - live KW - dead sorting KW - non-predatory mortality KW - zooplankton carcasses Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbu014 SN - 0142-7873 SN - 1464-3774 VL - 36 IS - 3 SP - 597 EP - 612 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - THES A1 - Kiemel, Katrin T1 - Zooplankton adaptations and community dynamics in space and time N2 - In times of ongoing biodiversity loss, understanding how communities are structured and what mechanisms and local adaptations underlie the patterns we observe in nature is crucial for predicting how future ecological and anthropogenic changes might affect local and regional biodiversity. Aquatic zooplankton are a group of primary consumers that represent a critical link in the food chain, providing nutrients for the entire food web. Thus, understanding the adaptability and structure of zooplankton communities is essential. In this work, the genetic basis for the different temperature adaptations of two seasonally shifted (i.e., temperature-dependent) occurring freshwater rotifers of a formerly cryptic species complex (Brachionus calyciflorus) was investigated to understand the overall genetic diversity and evolutionary scenario for putative adaptations to different temperature regimes. Furthermore, this work aimed to clarify to what extent the different temperature adaptations may represent a niche partitioning process thus enabling co-existence. The findings were then embedded in a metacommunity context to understand how zooplankton communities assemble in a kettle hole metacommunity located in the northeastern German "Uckermark" and which underlying processes contribute to the biodiversity patterns we observe. Using a combined approach of newly generated mitochondrial resources (genomes/cds) and the analysis of a candidate gene (Heat Shock Protein 40kDa) for temperature adaptation, I showed that the global representatives of B. calyciflorus s.s.. are genetically more similar than B. fernandoi (average pairwise nucleotide diversity: 0.079 intraspecific vs. 0.257 interspecific) indicating that both species carry different standing genetic variation. In addition to differential expression in the thermotolerant B. calyciflorus s.s. and thermosensitive B. fernandoi, the HSP 40kDa also showed structural variation with eleven fixed and six positively selected sites, some of which are located in functional areas of the protein. The estimated divergence time of ~ 25-29 Myr combined with the fixed sites and a prevalence of ancestral amino acids in B. calyciflorus s.s. indicate that B. calyciflorus s.s. remained in the ancestral niche, while B. fernandoi partitioned into a new niche. The comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear markers (HPS 40kDa, ITS1, COI) revealed a hybridisation event between the two species. However, as hybridisation between the two species is rare, it can be concluded that the temporally isolated niches (i.e., seasonal-shifted occurrence) they inhabit based on their different temperature preferences most likely represent a pre-zygotic isolation mechanism that allows sympatric occurrence while maintaining species boundaries. To determine the processes underlying zooplankton community assembly, a zooplankton metacommunity comprising 24 kettle holes was sampled over a two-year period. Active (i.e., water samples) and dormant communities (i.e., dormant eggs hatched from sediment) were identified using a two-fragment DNA metabarcoding approach (COI and 18S). Species richness and diversity as well as community composition were analysed considering spatial, temporal and environmental parameters. The analysis revealed that environmental filtering based on parameters such as pH, size and location of the habitat patch (i.e., kettle hole) and surrounding field crops largely determined zooplankton community composition (explained variance: Bray-Curtis dissimilarities: 10.5%; Jaccard dissimilarities: 12.9%), indicating that adaptation to a particular habitat is a key feature of zooplankton species in this system. While the spatial configuration of the kettle holes played a minor role (explained variance: Bray-Curtis dissimilarities: 2.8% and Jaccard dissimilarities: 5.5%), the individual kettle hole sites had a significant influence on the community composition. This suggests monopolisation/priority effects (i.e., dormant communities) of certain species in individual kettle holes. As environmental filtering is the dominating process structuring zooplankton communities, this system could be significantly influenced by future land-use change, pollution and climate change. N2 - In Zeiten des fortschreitenden Verlusts biologischer Vielfalt ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung zu verstehen, wie natürliche Gemeinschaften strukturiert sind und welche Mechanismen und lokalen Anpassungen den beobachteten Biodiversitätsmustern zugrunde liegen, um eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage für die Vorhersage künftiger Veränderungen der lokalen und regionalen biologische Vielfalt zu schaffen. Aquatisches Zooplankton ist eine artenreiche Gruppe Primärkonsumenten, die ein entscheidendes Glied in der Nahrungskette darstellen, indem sie Nährstoffe für das gesamte Nahrungsnetz bereitstellen. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die Anpassungsfähigkeit und Struktur von Zooplanktongemeinschaften zu verstehen. In dieser Arbeit wurden die genetischen Grundlagen für die unterschiedliche Temperaturanpassung zweier saisonal-versetzt (d.h. temperaturabhängig) vorkommender limnischen Rädertierarten eines ehemals kryptischen Artenkomplexes (Brachionus calyciflorus) untersucht, um die genetische Variation und das evolutionäre Divergenz-Szenario sowie Grundlagen für die mutmaßliche Anpassungen an unterschiedliche Temperaturregime zu verstehen. Weiterhin sollte untersucht werden, ob die Temperaturanpassungen als Prozess der Nischenaufteilung verstanden werden können die die Koexistenz der Arten ermöglicht. Diese Ergebnisse wurden dann in einen Metagemeinschaftskontext eingebettet, um zu verstehen, wie sich Zooplanktongemeinschaften in einer Soll-Metagemeinschaft, welche sich in der nordostdeutschen Region "Uckermark" befindet, zusammensetzen und welche zugrundeliegenden Prozesse zu den beobachteten Biodiversitätsmustern führen. Eine Kombination aus neu generierten mitochondrialen Ressourcen (Genome/codierende Sequenzen) und der Analyse eines Kandidatengens (HSP 40kDa Gen) für die Temperaturanpassung ergab zum einen, dass die globalen Vertreter von B. calyciflorus s.s. einander genetisch ähnlicher sind als B. fernandoi (Nukleotiddiversität: 0,079 intraspezifisch vs. 0,257 interspezifisch) und beide Arten somit eine unterschiedliche genetische Variation besitzen. Zum anderen wird das HSP 40kDa wird nicht nur in dem wärmetoleranten B. calyciflorus s.s. und wärmeempfindlichen B. fernandoi unterschiedlich exprimiert, sondern weist auch strukturelle Variationen mit elf fixierten und sechs positiv selektierten Positionen auf, von denen einige in funktionellen Regionen des HSP 40kDa liegen. Die geschätzte Divergenzzeit von ca. 25-29 Millionen Jahren sowie die fixierten Positionen und die Dominanz anzestraler Aminosäuren in B. calyciflorus s.s. legen nahe, dass B. calyciflorus s.s. in der anzestralen Nische verblieb, während B. fernandoi eine neue Nische besetzte. Der Vergleich von mitochondrialen und nukleären Markern (HSP 40kDa, ITS1, COI) ergab ein Hybridisierungsereignis zwischen beiden Arten. Da Hybridisierung jedoch selten ist, können die zeitlich isolierten Nischen (d.h. saisonal-versetztes Auftreten), die sie aufgrund ihrer unterschiedlichen Temperaturpräferenzen bewohnen, als prä-zygotischer Isolationsmechanismus verstanden werden, der ein sympatrisches Vorkommen der Arten unter Aufrechterhaltung der Artgrenzen ermöglicht. Um die Prozesse zu bestimmen, die der Strukturierung von Zooplanktongemeinschaften zugrunde liegen, wurde über einen Zeitraum von zwei Jahren eine Zooplankton-Metagemeinschaft, bestehend aus 24 Söllen beprobt. Aktive (d.h. Wasserproben) und ruhende Gemeinschaften (d.h. aus dem Sediment geschlüpfte Gemeinschaften) wurden mit einem Zwei-Fragment-DNA-Metabarcoding-Ansatz (COI und 18S) bestimmt. Die Artenzahl und Abundanz sowie die Zusammensetzung der Gemeinschaften wurden unter Berücksichtigung räumlicher, zeitlicher und umweltbezogener Parameter analysiert. Die Analyse ergab, dass Umweltfilterung basierend auf Parametern wie pH-Wert, Größe, Lage und Typ des Habitats (d.h. des Solls) und der umgebenden Feldfrüchte die Zusammensetzung der Zooplanktongemeinschaft weitgehend bestimmt (erklärte Varianz: Bray-Curtis-Dissimilaritäten: 10,5%; Jaccard-Dissimilaritäten: 12,9%), was darauf hindeutet, dass die Anpassung an einen bestimmten Lebensraum ein wichtiges Merkmal der Zooplanktonarten in diesem System ist. Während die räumliche Struktur der Sölle eine geringe Rolle spielte (erklärte Varianz: Bray-Curtis-Dissimilaritäten: 2,8% und Jaccard-Dissimilaritäten: 5,5%), hatten die einzelnen Standorte einen erheblichen Einfluss auf die Zusammensetzung der Gemeinschaft. Dies deutet auf Monopolisierung/Prioritätseffekte (d.h. ruhende Gemeinschaften) bestimmter Arten in einzelnen Söllen hin. Da Umweltfilterung der dominierende Prozess für die Strukturierung der Zooplanktongemeinschaften ist, könnte dieses System durch künftige Landnutzungsänderungen, Verschmutzung und Klimawandel erheblich beeinflusst werden. KW - Zooplankton KW - Metacommunity KW - B. calyciflorus species complex KW - adaptation KW - hybridization KW - Metagemeinschaft KW - Anpassung KW - Hybridisierung Y1 - 2023 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lohmann, Dirk A1 - Guo, Tong A1 - Tietjen, Britta T1 - Zooming in on coarse plant functional types-simulated response of savanna vegetation composition in response to aridity and grazing JF - Theoretical ecology N2 - Precipitation and land use in terms of livestock grazing have been identified as two of the most important drivers structuring the vegetation composition of semi-arid and arid savannas. Savanna research on the impact of these drivers has widely applied the so-called plant functional type (PFT) approach, grouping the vegetation into two or three broad types (here called meta-PFTs): woody plants and grasses, which are sometimes divided into perennial and annual grasses. However, little is known about the response of functional traits within these coarse types towards water availability or livestock grazing. In this study, we extended an existing eco-hydrological savanna vegetation model to capture trait diversity within the three broad meta-PFTs to assess the effects of both grazing and mean annual precipitation (MAP) on trait composition along a gradient of both drivers. Our results show a complex pattern of trait responses to grazing and aridity. The response differs for the three meta-PFTs. From our findings, we derive that trait responses to grazing and aridity for perennial grasses are similar, as suggested by the convergence model for grazing and aridity. However, we also see that this only holds for simulations below a MAP of 500 mm. This combined with the finding that trait response differs between the three meta-PFTs leads to the conclusion that there is no single, universal trait or set of traits determining the response to grazing and aridity. We finally discuss how simulation models including trait variability within meta-PFTs are necessary to understand ecosystem responses to environmental drivers, both locally and globally and how this perspective will help to extend conceptual frameworks of other ecosystems to savanna research. KW - Traits KW - Dryland KW - Degradation KW - Shrub encroachment KW - Simulation KW - Eco-hydrological model KW - EcoHyD Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12080-017-0356-x SN - 1874-1738 SN - 1874-1746 VL - 11 IS - 2 SP - 161 EP - 173 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Paasche, Hendrik A1 - Tronicke, Jens A1 - Dietrich, Peter T1 - Zonal cooperative inversion of partially co-located data sets constrained by structural a priori information JF - Near surface geophysics N2 - In many near-surface geophysical studies it is now common practice to collect co-located disparate geophysical data sets to explore subsurface structures. Reconstruction of physical parameter distributions underlying the available geophysical data sets usually requires the use of tomographic reconstruction techniques. To improve the quality of the obtained models, the information content of all data sets should be considered during the model generation process, e.g., by employing joint or cooperative inversion approaches. Here, we extend the zonal cooperative inversion methodology based on fuzzy c-means cluster analysis and conventional single-input data set inversion algorithms for the cooperative inversion of data sets with partially co-located model areas. This is done by considering recent developments in fuzzy c-means cluster analysis. Additionally, we show how supplementary a priori information can be incorporated in an automated fashion into the zonal cooperative inversion approach to further constrain the inversion. The only requirement is that this a priori information can be expressed numerically; e.g., by physical parameters or indicator variables. We demonstrate the applicability of the modified zonal cooperative inversion approach using synthetic and field data examples. In these examples, we cooperatively invert S- and P-wave traveltime data sets with partially co-located model areas using water saturation information expressed by indicator variables as additional a priori information. The approach results in a zoned multi-parameter model, which is consistent with all available information given to the zonal cooperative inversion and outlines the major subsurface units. In our field example, we further compare the obtained zonal model to sparsely available borehole and direct-push logs. This comparison provides further confidence in our zonal cooperative inversion model because the borehole and direct-push logs indicate a similar zonation. Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3997/1873-0604.2011033 SN - 1569-4445 VL - 10 IS - 2 SP - 103 EP - 116 PB - European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers CY - Houten ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baesler, Jessica A1 - Kopp, Johannes Florian A1 - Pohl, Gabriele A1 - Aschner, Michael A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Bornhorst, Julia T1 - Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans JF - Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology N2 - While the underlying mechanisms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) are still insufficiently studied, a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors is emphasized. Nevertheless, the role of the essential trace element zinc (Zn) in this regard remains controversial. In this study we altered Zn balance within PD models of the versatile model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) in order to examine whether a genetic predisposition in selected genes with relevance for PD affects Zn homeostasis. Protein-bound and labile Zn species act in various areas, such as enzymatic catalysis, protein stabilization pathways and cell signaling. Therefore, total Zn and labile Zn were quantitatively determined in living nematodes as individual biomarkers of Zn uptake and bioavailability with inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) or a multi-well method using the fluorescent probe ZinPyr-1. Young and middle-aged deletion mutants of catp-6 and pdr-1, which are orthologues of mammalian ATP13A2 (PARK9) and parkin (PARK2), showed altered Zn homeostasis following Zn exposure compared to wildtype worms. Furthermore, age-specific differences in Zn uptake were observed in wildtype worms for total as well as labile Zn species. These data emphasize the importance of differentiation between Zn species as meaningful biomarkers of Zn uptake as well as the need for further studies investigating the role of dysregulated Zn homeostasis in the etiology of PD. KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Zinc KW - Zinc homeostasis KW - Parkinson disease KW - Labile zinc Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005 VL - 55 SP - 44 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Baesler, Jessica A1 - Kopp, Johannes F. A1 - Pohl, Gabriele A1 - Aschner, Michael A1 - Haase, Hajo A1 - Schwerdtle, Tanja A1 - Bornhorst, Julia T1 - Zn homeostasis in genetic models of Parkinson’s disease in Caenorhabditis elegans JF - Journal of trace elements in medicine and biology KW - Caenorhabditis elegans KW - Zinc KW - Zinc homeostasis KW - Parkinson disease KW - Labile zinc Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.005 SN - 0946-672X VL - 55 SP - 44 EP - 49 PB - Elsevier GMBH CY - München ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröner, Alfred A1 - Wilde, Simon A. A1 - Zhao, Guochun A1 - O'Brien, Patrick J. A1 - Sun, Min A1 - Liu, Dun Yi A1 - Wan, Yusheng A1 - Liu, S. W. A1 - Guo, Jianbin H. T1 - Zircon geochronology and metamorphic evolution of mafic dykes in the Hengshan Complex of northern China: Evidence for late Palaeoproterozoic extension and subsequent high-pressure metamorphism in the North China Craton N2 - Magmatic and metamorphic zircons have been dated from ductilely deformed gabbroic dykes defining a dyke swarm and signifying crustal extension in the northern part of the Hengshan Complex of the North China Craton, These dykes now occur as boudins and deformed sheets within migmatitic tonalitic, trondhjemitic, granodioritic and granitic gneisses and are conspicuous due to relics of high-pressure granulite or even former eclogite facies garnet + pyroxene-bearing assemblages. SHRIMP ages for magmatic zircons from two dykes reflect the time of dyke emplacement at similar to 1915 Ma, whereas metamorphic zircons dated by both SHRIMP and evaporation techniques are consistently in the range 1848-1888 Ma. The Youngest granitoid gneiss yet dated in the Hengshan has an emplacement age of 18 2 17 Ma. These results complement recent geochronological studies from the neighbouring Wutai and Fuping Complexes, to the SE of the Hengshan, showing that a crustal extension event Occurred in the late Palaeoproterozoic. This preceded a major high-pressure collision- type metamorphic event in the central part of the North China Craton that occurred in the Palaeoproterozoic and not in the late Archaean as previously thought. Our data support recent suggestions that the North China Craton experienced a major, craton-wide orogenic event in the late Palaeoproterozoic after which it became cratonized and acted as a stable block. Y1 - 2006 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2006.01.008 SN - 0301-9268 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröner, A. A1 - Alexeiev, D. V. A1 - Kovach, V. P. A1 - Rojas-Agramonte, Y. A1 - Tretyakov, A. A. A1 - Mikolaichuk, A. V. A1 - Xie, H. A1 - Sobel, Edward T1 - Zircon ages, geochemistry and Nd isotopic systematics for the Palaeoproterozoic 2.3-1.8 Ga Kuilyu Complex, East Kyrgyzstan BT - the oldest continental basement fragment in the Tianshan orogenic belt JF - Journal of Asian earth sciences N2 - Precambrian microcontinents represent key tectonic units in the accretionary collages of the western Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), and their geological history is reasonably well established since the Mesoproterozoic but remains weakly constrained for older epochs due to a scarcity of exposed Palaeoproterozoic and Archaean rocks. Early Precambrian rocks were previously reported from several metamorphic complexes in the Kyrgyz Tianshan orogenic belt, mainly based on multigrain conventional zircon dating, but the present study only confirmed such rocks at one site, namely in the Kuilyu Complex of eastern Kyrgyzstan. New single grain SHRIMP II zircon ages, geochemical data, and whole-rock Nd isotopic compositions for granitoid gneisses of the Kuilyu Complex elucidate the age, origin and tectonic settings of this oldest continental fragment in the Tianshan. The Kuilyu Complex is part of the basement in the Ishim - Middle Tianshan microcontinent. It consist of a strongly deformed and metamorphosed supracrustal assemblage of paragneisses and schists which are tectonically interlayered with amphibolites, migmatites and granitoid gneisses. Our zircon dating indicates that the Kuilyu Complex contains two suites of Palaeoproterozoic granitoid gneisses with magmatic protolith ages of ca. 2.32-2.33 Ga and 1.85 Ga. Granitoid magmatism at 1.85 Ga was almost immediately followed by amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca 1.83 Ga, evidenced by growth of metamorphic zircon rims. The older, ca 2.3 Ga granitoid gneisses chemically correspond to calc-alkaline, metaluminous, I-type magnesian quartz diorite and granodiorite. The protolith of the younger, ca. 1.85 Ga granite-gneiss is an alkalic-calcic, metaluminous to peraluminous, ferroan medium-grained porphyric granite with chemical features resembling A-type granites. The 2.3 Ga and 1.85 Ga granitoid gneisses have slightly to distinctly negative initial epsilon(Nd) values of -1.2 and -6.6, and similar depleted mantle Nd model ages of 2.7-2.6 Ga, which imply melting of Neoarchaean continental crust. The zircon age patterns of the Kuilyu Complex resemble those of exposed rocks in the Tarim Craton, where episodes of granitoid magmatism at ca. 2.3-2.4 and 1.85 Ga, followed by amphibolite-facies metamorphism at ca 1.85 Ga, are also recorded. Similarities in the early Precambrian magmatic and metamorphic episodes as well as similar histories during the Neoproterozoic and early Palaeozoic suggest that the Ishim-Middle Tianshan microcontinent was rifted off the Tarim Craton. Similar age patterns also suggest possible tectonic links of the Kuilyu and Tarim continental blocks with the Baidrag Block of central Mongolia. In contrast, substantial differences in age and Precambrian evolution between the Anrakhai block of southern Kazakhstan and the Kuilyu Complex argue against a previous connection and suggest the former to represent an independent continental terrane. Current data show that early Precambrian rocks in the western CAOB outside Tarim only occur at two sites, namely in the Anrakhai Complex of southern Kazakhstan and in the Kuilyu Complex of eastern Kyrgyzstan. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Kuilyu Complex KW - Zircon dating KW - Microcontinent KW - CAOB KW - Middle Tianshan KW - Kyrgyzstan Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.12.022 SN - 1367-9120 SN - 1878-5786 VL - 135 SP - 122 EP - 135 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kröner, Alfred A1 - O'Brien, Patrick J. A1 - Nemchin, A. A. A1 - Pidgeon, R. T. T1 - Zircon ages for high pressure granulites from South Bohemia, Czech Republic, and their connection to Carboniferous high temperature processes Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Troll, Günter A1 - Beim Graben, Peter T1 - Zipfs law is not a consequence of the central limit theorem Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Blasius, Bernd A1 - Toenjes, Ralf T1 - Zipf's Law in the popularity distribution of chess openings N2 - We perform a quantitative analysis of extensive chess databases and show that the frequencies of opening moves are distributed according to a power law with an exponent that increases linearly with the game depth, whereas the pooled distribution of all opening weights follows Zipf's law with universal exponent. We propose a simple stochastic process that is able to capture the observed playing statistics and show that the Zipf law arises from the self-similar nature of the game tree of chess. Thus, in the case of hierarchical fragmentation the scaling is truly universal and independent of a particular generating mechanism. Our findings are of relevance in general processes with composite decisions. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://prl.aps.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1103/Physrevlett.103.218701 SN - 0031-9007 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kilercik, Meltem A1 - Ucal, Yasemin A1 - Serdar, Muhittin A1 - Serteser, Mustafa A1 - Ozpinar, Aysel A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Zinc protoporphyrin levels in COVID-19 are indicative of iron deficiency and potential predictor of disease severity T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a severe impact on all aspects of patient care. Among the numerous biomarkers of potential validity for diagnostic and clinical management of COVID-19 are biomarkers at the interface of iron metabolism and inflammation. Methods The follow-up study included 54 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with a moderate and severe/critical form of the disease. Iron deficiency specific biomarkers such as iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hepcidin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) as well as relevant markers of inflammation were evaluated twice: in the first five days when the patient was admitted to the hospital and during five to 15 days; and their validity to diagnose iron deficiency was further assessed. The regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis and determine the probability for predicting the severity of the disease in the first five days of COVID-19. Results Based on hemoglobin values, anemia was observed in 21 of 54 patients. Of all iron deficiency anemia-related markers, only ZnPP was significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the anemic group. When patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, slight differences in hemoglobin or other anemia-related parameters could be observed. However, the levels of ZnPP were significantly increased in the severely ill group of patients. The ratio of ZnPP to lymphocyte count (ZnPP/L) had a discrimination power stronger than the neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (N/L) to determine disease severity. Additionally, only two markers were independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 in logistic regression analysis; D-dimer (OR (5.606)(95% CI 1.019–30.867)) and ZnPP/L ratio (OR (74.313) (95% CI 1.081–5108.103)). Conclusions For the first time ZnPP in COVID-19 patients were reported in this study. Among all iron-related markers tested, ZnPP was the only one that was associated with anemia as based on hemoglobin. The increase in ZnPP might indicate that the underlying cause of anemia in COVID-19 patients is not only due to the inflammation but also of nutritional origin. Additionally, the ZnPP/L ratio might be a valid prognostic marker for the severity of COVID-19. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1232 KW - COVID 19 KW - Hemoglobin KW - Ferritin KW - Lymphocytes KW - Anemia KW - Reticulocytes KW - Iron deficiency anemia KW - Neutrophils Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544730 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kilercik, Meltem A1 - Ucal, Yasemin A1 - Serdar, Muhittin A1 - Serteser, Mustafa A1 - Ozpinar, Aysel A1 - Schweigert, Florian J. T1 - Zinc protoporphyrin levels in COVID-19 are indicative of iron deficiency and potential predictor of disease severity JF - PLoS ONE N2 - Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has a severe impact on all aspects of patient care. Among the numerous biomarkers of potential validity for diagnostic and clinical management of COVID-19 are biomarkers at the interface of iron metabolism and inflammation. Methods The follow-up study included 54 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with a moderate and severe/critical form of the disease. Iron deficiency specific biomarkers such as iron, ferritin, transferrin receptor, hepcidin, and zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) as well as relevant markers of inflammation were evaluated twice: in the first five days when the patient was admitted to the hospital and during five to 15 days; and their validity to diagnose iron deficiency was further assessed. The regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis and determine the probability for predicting the severity of the disease in the first five days of COVID-19. Results Based on hemoglobin values, anemia was observed in 21 of 54 patients. Of all iron deficiency anemia-related markers, only ZnPP was significantly elevated (P<0.001) in the anemic group. When patients were grouped according to the severity of disease, slight differences in hemoglobin or other anemia-related parameters could be observed. However, the levels of ZnPP were significantly increased in the severely ill group of patients. The ratio of ZnPP to lymphocyte count (ZnPP/L) had a discrimination power stronger than the neutrophil to lymphocyte count ratio (N/L) to determine disease severity. Additionally, only two markers were independently associated with the severity of COVID-19 in logistic regression analysis; D-dimer (OR (5.606)(95% CI 1.019–30.867)) and ZnPP/L ratio (OR (74.313) (95% CI 1.081–5108.103)). Conclusions For the first time ZnPP in COVID-19 patients were reported in this study. Among all iron-related markers tested, ZnPP was the only one that was associated with anemia as based on hemoglobin. The increase in ZnPP might indicate that the underlying cause of anemia in COVID-19 patients is not only due to the inflammation but also of nutritional origin. Additionally, the ZnPP/L ratio might be a valid prognostic marker for the severity of COVID-19. KW - COVID 19 KW - Hemoglobin KW - Ferritin KW - Lymphocytes KW - Anemia KW - Reticulocytes KW - Iron deficiency anemia KW - Neutrophils Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262487 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 17 IS - 2 PB - PLOS CY - San Francisco, California, US ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lange, Ilja A1 - Reiter, Sina A1 - Kniepert, Juliane A1 - Piersimoni, Fortunato A1 - Paetzel, Michael A1 - Hildebrandt, Jana A1 - Brenner, Thomas J. K. A1 - Hecht, Stefan A1 - Neher, Dieter T1 - Zinc oxide modified with benzylphosphonic acids as transparent electrodes in regular and inverted organic solar cell structures JF - Applied physics letters N2 - An approach is presented to modify the work function of solution-processed sol-gel derived zinc oxide (ZnO) over an exceptionally wide range of more than 2.3 eV. This approach relies on the formation of dense and homogeneous self-assembled monolayers based on phosphonic acids with different dipole moments. This allows us to apply ZnO as charge selective bottom electrodes in either regular or inverted solar cell structures, using poly(3-hexylthiophene): phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester as the active layer. These devices compete with or even surpass the performance of the reference on indium tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate. Our findings highlight the potential of properly modified ZnO as electron or hole extracting electrodes in hybrid optoelectronic devices. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4916182 SN - 0003-6951 SN - 1077-3118 VL - 106 IS - 11 PB - American Institute of Physics CY - Melville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulte, Christoph T1 - Zimzum in European Philosophy : a paradoxical career Y1 - 1998 SN - 87-7876-079-8 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Schulte, Christoph T1 - Zimzum BT - God and the Origin of the World T3 - Jewish culture and contexts N2 - The Hebrew word zimzum originally means “contraction,” “withdrawal,” “retreat,” “limitation,” and “concentration.” In Kabbalah, zimzum is a term for God’s self-limitation, done before creating the world to create the world. Jewish mystic Isaac Luria coined this term in Galilee in the sixteenth century, positing that the God who was “Ein-Sof,” unlimited and omnipresent before creation, must concentrate himself in the zimzum and withdraw in order to make room for the creation of the world in God’s own center. At the same time, God also limits his infinite omnipotence to allow the finite world to arise. Without the zimzum there is no creation, making zimzum one of the basic concepts of Judaism. The Lurianic doctrine of the zimzum has been considered an intellectual showpiece of the Kabbalah and of Jewish philosophy. The teaching of the zimzum has appeared in the Kabbalistic literature across Central and Eastern Europe, perhaps most famously in Hasidic literature up to the present day and in philosopher and historian Gershom Scholem’s epoch-making research on Jewish mysticism. The Zimzum has fascinated Jewish and Christian theologians, philosophers, and writers like no other Kabbalistic teaching. This can be seen across the philosophy and cultural history of the twentieth century as it gained prominence among such diverse authors and artists as Franz Rosenzweig, Hans Jonas, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Harold Bloom, Barnett Newman, and Anselm Kiefer. This book follows the traces of the zimzum across the Jewish and Christian intellectual history of Europe and North America over more than four centuries, where Judaism and Christianity, theosophy and philosophy, divine and human, mysticism and literature, Kabbalah and the arts encounter, mix, and cross-fertilize the interpretations and appropriations of this doctrine of God’s self-entanglement and limitation Y1 - 2023 SN - 978-1-5128-2435-3 SN - 978-1-5218-2436-0 N1 - Originally published as: Zimzum: Gott und Weltursprung. - Berlin : Jüdischer Verlag im Suhrkamp Verlag, 2014 PB - University of Pennsylvania Press CY - Philadelphia ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wischer, Ilse T1 - Ziegeler, D., Interfaces with English Aspect. Diachronic and empirical studies; Amsterdam, Benjamins Publ. Company, 2006 BT - Interfaces with English Aspect. Diachronic and empirical studies Y1 - 2010 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Kytmanov, Alexander M. A1 - Myslivets, Simona A1 - Tarkhanov, Nikolai Nikolaevich T1 - Zeta-function of a nonlinear system T3 - Preprint / Universität Potsdam, Institut für Mathematik, Arbeitsgruppe Partiell Y1 - 2004 SN - 1437-739X PB - Univ. CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rosenhahn, Axel A1 - Finlay, John A. A1 - Pettit, Michala E. A1 - Ward, Andy A1 - Wirges, Werner A1 - Gerhard, Reimund A1 - Callow, Maureen E. A1 - Grunze, Michael A1 - Callow, James A. T1 - Zeta potential of motile spores of the green alga Ulva linza and the influence of electrostatic interactions on spore settlement and adhesion strength N2 - The zeta potential of the motile spores of the green alga (seaweed) Ulva linza was quantified by video microscopy in combination with optical tweezers and determined to be -19.3ñ1.1 mV. The electrostatic component involved in the settlement and adhesion of spores was studied using electret surfaces consisting of PTFE and bearing different net charges. As the surface chemistry remains the same for differently charged surfaces, the experimental results isolate the influence of surface charge and thus electrostatic interactions. Ulva spores were demonstrated to have a reduced tendency to settle on negatively charged surfaces and when they did settle the adhesion strength of settled spores was lower than with neutral or positively charged surfaces. These observations can be ascribed to electrostatic interactions. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://biointerphases.org/ U6 - https://doi.org/10.1116/1.3110182 SN - 1559-4106 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Casel, Katrin A1 - Fischbeck, Philipp A1 - Friedrich, Tobias A1 - Göbel, Andreas A1 - Lagodzinski, J. A. Gregor T1 - Zeros and approximations of Holant polynomials on the complex plane JF - Computational complexity : CC N2 - We present fully polynomial time approximation schemes for a broad class of Holant problems with complex edge weights, which we call Holant polynomials. We transform these problems into partition functions of abstract combinatorial structures known as polymers in statistical physics. Our method involves establishing zero-free regions for the partition functions of polymer models and using the most significant terms of the cluster expansion to approximate them. Results of our technique include new approximation and sampling algorithms for a diverse class of Holant polynomials in the low-temperature regime (i.e. small external field) and approximation algorithms for general Holant problems with small signature weights. Additionally, we give randomised approximation and sampling algorithms with faster running times for more restrictive classes. Finally, we improve the known zero-free regions for a perfect matching polynomial. KW - Holant problems KW - approximate counting KW - partition functions KW - graph KW - polynomials Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00037-022-00226-5 SN - 1016-3328 SN - 1420-8954 VL - 31 IS - 2 PB - Springer CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bhattacharya, M. K. A1 - Dimitriev, Alexej A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - Zero-aliasing space compresion using a single periodic output and its application to testing of embedded Y1 - 2000 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hermann, Andreas T1 - Zero sets of eigenspinors for generic metrics JF - Communications in analysis and geometry N2 - Let M be a closed connected spin manifold of dimension 2 or 3 with a fixed orientation and a fixed spin structure. We prove that for a generic Riemannian metric on M the non-harmonic eigenspinors of the Dirac operator are nowhere zero. The proof is based on a transversality theorem and the unique continuation property of the Dirac operator. Y1 - 2014 SN - 1019-8385 SN - 1944-9992 VL - 22 IS - 2 SP - 177 EP - 218 PB - International Press of Boston CY - Somerville ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Scherbaum, Frank T1 - Zero Phase FIR filters in digital seismic acquisition systems : blessing or curse Y1 - 1997 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Böhlau, Peter T1 - Zero aliasing compression based on groups of weakly independent outputs in circuits with high complexity for two fault models Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bauer, Christian G. A1 - Eremenko, A. V. A1 - Ehrentreich-Förster, Eva A1 - Bier, Frank Fabian A1 - Makower, Alexander A1 - Halsall, H. B. A1 - Heineman, W. R. A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - Zeptomole-detecting biosensor for alkaline phosphatase in an electroche mical immunoassay for 2,4- dichlorophenoacetic acid Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - THES A1 - Kopf, Markus T1 - Zeeman-Doppler Imaging of active late-type stars T1 - Zeeman-Doppler Imaging von späten aktiven Sternen N2 - Stellare Magnetfelder spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung und Entwicklung von Sternen. Leider entziehen sie sich aber, aufgrund ihrer großen Entfernung zur Erde, einer direkten Beobachtung. Dies gilt zumindest für derzeitige und in naher Zukunft zur Verfügung stehende Instrumente. Um aber beispielsweise zu verstehen, ob Magnetfelder durch einen Dynamoprozess generiert werden oder Überbleibsel der Sternentstehung sind, ist es zwingend erforderlich, die Oberflächenstruktur und die zeitliche Entwicklung von stellaren Feldern zu untersuchen. Glücklicherweise haben wir mit der Dopplerverschiebung sowie der Polarisation von Licht Mittel zur Verfügung, um indirekt die Magnetfeldtopologie entfernter Sternen zu rekonstruieren, wenn auch nur die schnell rotierender. Die auf den beiden genannten Effekten basierende Rekonstruktionsmethode ist unter dem Namen Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI) bekannt. Sie stellt eine leistungsfähige Methode dar, um aus rotationsverbreiterten Stokes Profilen schnell rotierender Sterne Oberflächenkartierungen der Temperatur und Magnetfeldverteilung zu erstellen. Durch das ZDI konnten in den vergangenen Jahren die Magnetfeldverteilungen zahlreicher Sterne rekonstruiert werden. Diese Methode stellt allerdings sehr hohe Anforderungen sowohl an die Instrumentierung als auch an die Rechenleistung und ist deshalb häufig mit zahlreichen Annahmen und Näherungen verbunden. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, Methoden für ein ZDI zu entwickeln, das darauf ausgelegt ist, zeitaufgelöste spektropolarimetrische Daten von aktiven späten Sternen zu invertieren. Es sollte also insbesondere den komplexen und lokalen Magnetfeldstrukturen dieser Sterne Rechnung getragen werden. Um die Orientierung und Stärke solcher Felder zuverlässig rekonstruieren zu können, sollte die Inversion im Stande sein, alle vier Stokes-Komponenten einzubeziehen. Ferner war vorgesehen auf vollständigen polarisierten Strahlungstransportmodellierungen aufzubauen. Dies ermöglicht eine simultane und selbstkonsistente Temperatur- und Magnetfeld-Inversion, die damit dem komplexen Zusammenspiel zwischen Temperatur und Magnetfeld gerecht wird. Schließlich sollte die Anwendung eines neu zu entwickelnden ZDI Programms auf Stokes I und V Beobachtungen von II Pegasi (kurz: II Peg) erste Magnefeldkarten dieses sehr aktiven Sterns liefern. Um den hohen Rechenaufwand, der mit der Inversionsmethode einhergeht, besser bewältigen zu können, wurde zunächst eine schnelle Approximationsmethode für den polarisierten Strahlungstransport entwickelt. Sie basiert auf einer Hauptkomponentenanalyse (PCA) sowie auf künstlichen Neuronalen Netzen. Letztere approximieren den funktionalen Zusammenhang zwischen atmosphärischen Parametern und den zugehörigen lokalen Stokes Profilen. Inverse Probleme sind potentiell schlecht gestellt und erfordern in der Regel eine Regularisierung. Der entwickelte Ansatz verwendet eine lokale Entropie, die auf die Besonderheiten bei der Rekonstruktion lokalisierter Magnetfeder eingeht. Ein weiterer neuartiger Ansatz befasst sich mit der Rauschreduktion polarimetrischer Beobachtungsdaten. Er macht sich die Hauptkomponentenanalyse zu Nutze, um mit Hilfe einer Vielzahl beobachteter Spektrallinien, einzelne Linien mit drastisch vergrößertem Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis wieder zu geben. Diese Methode hat gegenüber anderen Multi-Spektrallinien-Verfahren den Vorteil, nach wie vor eine Inversion auf der Basis einzelner Spektrallinien durchführen zu können. Schließlich wurde das Inversionsprogramm iMap entwickelt, das die zuvor genannten Methoden implementiert. Detaillierte Testrechnungen demonstrieren die Funktionsfähigkeit und Genauigkeit der schnellen Synthese-Methode und weisen einen Zeitgewinn von nahezu drei Größenordnungen gegenüber der konventionellen Strahlungstransportberechnung auf. Desweiteren untersuchen wir den Einfluss der verschiedenen Stokes Komponenten (IV bzw. IVQU) auf die Zuverlässigkeit, ein bekanntes Magnetfeld zu rekonstruieren. Damit belegen wir die Zuverlässigkeit unseres Inversionsprogrammes und zeigen darüber hinaus auch Einschränkungen von Magnetfeldinversionen im allgemeinen auf. Eine erste Inversion von Stokes I und V Profilen von II Peg liefert zum ersten Mal für diesen Stern simultan Temperatur- und Magnetfeldverteilungen. N2 - Stellar magnetic fields, as a crucial component of star formation and evolution, evade direct observation at least with current and near future instruments. However investigating whether magnetic fields are generated by a dynamo process or represent relics from the formation process, or whether they show a behavior similar to the sun or something very different, it is essential to investigate their structure and temporal evolution. Fortunately nature provides us with the possibility to indirectly observe surface topologies on distant stars by means of Doppler shift and polarization of light, though not without its challenges. Based on the mentioned effects, the so called Zeeman-Doppler Imaging technique is a powerful method to retrieve magnetic fields from rapid rotating stars based on measurements of spectropolarimetric observations in terms of Stokes profiles. In recent years, a large number of stellar magnetic field distributions could be reconstructed by Zeeman-Doppler Imaging (ZDI). However, the implementation of this method often relies on many approximations because, as an inversion method, it entails enormous computational requirements. The aim of this thesis is to develop methods for a ZDI, designed to invert time-resolved spectropolarimetric data of active late type stars, and to account for the expected complex and small scale magnetic fields on these stars. In order to reliably reconstruct the detailed field orientation and strength, the inversion method is employed to be able to use of all four Stokes components. Furthermore it is based on fully polarized radiative transfer calculations to account for the intricate interplay between temperature and magnetic field. Finally, the application of a newly developed ZDI code to Stokes I and V observations of II Pegasi (short: II Peg) was supposed to deliver the first magnetic surface maps for this highly active star. To accomplish the high computational burden of a radiative transfer based ZDI, we developed a novel approximation method to speed up the inversion process. It is based on Principal Component Analysis and Artificial Neural Networks. The latter approximate the functional mapping between atmospheric parameters and the corresponding local Stokes profiles. Inverse problems, as we are dealing with, are potentially ill-posed and require a regularization method. We propose a new regularization scheme, which implements a local entropy function that accounts for the peculiarities of the reconstruction of localized magnetic fields. To deal with the relatively large noise that is always present in polarimetric data, we developed a multi-line denoising technique based on Principal Component Analysis. In contrast to other multi-line techniques that extract from a large number of spectral lines a sort of mean profile, this method allows to extract individual spectral lines and thus allows for an inversion on the basis of specific lines. All these methods are incorporated in our newly developed ZDI code iMap, which is based on a conjugated gradient method. An in depth validation of our new synthesis method demonstrates the reliability and accuracy of this approach as well as a gain in computation time by almost three orders of magnitude relative to the conventional radiative transfer calculations. We investigated the influence of the different Stokes components (IV / IVQU) on the ability to reconstruct a known synthetic field configuration. In doing so we validate the capability of our inversion code, and we also assess limitations of magnetic field inversions in general. In a first application to II Peg, a K2 IV subgiant, we derived temperature and magnetic field surface distributions from spectropolarimetric data obtained in 2004 and 2007. It gives for the first time simultaneously the temporal evolution of the surface temperature and magnetic field distribution on II Peg. KW - Stellare Aktivität KW - Magnetfelder KW - Polarisation KW - Späte Sterne KW - Oberflächenstrukturen KW - stellar activity KW - magnetic fields KW - polarization KW - late-type stars KW - surface features Y1 - 2008 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-37387 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Dittmar, Fanni A1 - Seyfried, Salim A1 - Kaever, Volkhard A1 - Seifert, Roland T1 - Zebrafish as model organism for cNMP research T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 902 KW - cyclic nucleotide KW - Zebrafish embryo KW - chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry KW - liquid chromatography tandem mass Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436978 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 902 ER - TY - BOOK ED - Alexiadou, Artemis ED - Fuhrhop, Nanna T1 - ZAS papers in linguistics Y1 - 1997 SN - 1435-9588 PB - ZAS CY - Berlin ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tristram, Hildegard L. C. T1 - Zaoz and Zomerzet : Linguistic Contacts Across the English Channel Y1 - 1995 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zubek, Radoslaw T1 - Zaborowski, M., Germany, Poland and Europe; Manchester, Univ. Press, 2004 BT - Germany, Poland and Europe : conflict, cooperation and europeanisation Y1 - 2006 UR - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713395181~db=all U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/01402380600620783 SN - 0140-2382 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zimmermann, Andreas A1 - Thienel, Tobias T1 - Yugoslavia, cases and proceedings before the ICJ Y1 - 2012 SN - 978-0-19-929168-7 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Caliendo, Marco A1 - Schmidl, Ricarda T1 - Youth unemployment and active labor market policies in Europe T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Since the economic crisis in 2008, European youth unemployment rates have been persistently high at around 20% on average. The majority of European countries spends significant resources each year on active labor market programs (ALMP) with the aim of improving the integration prospects of struggling youths. Among the most common programs used are training courses, job search assistance and monitoring, subsidized employment, and public work programs. For policy makers, it is of upmost importance to know which of these programs work and which are able to achieve the intended goals – may it be the integration into the first labor market or further education. Based on a detailed assessment of the particularities of the youth labor market situation, we discuss the pros and cons of different ALMP types. We then provide a comprehensive survey of the recent evidence on the effectiveness of these ALMP for youth in Europe, highlighting factors that seem to promote or impede their effectiveness in practice. Overall, the findings with respect to employment outcomes are only partly promising. While job search assistance (with and without monitoring) results in overwhelmingly positive effects, we find more mixed effects for training and wage subsidies, whereas the effects for public work programs are clearly negative. The evidence on the impact of ALMP on furthering education participation as well as employment quality is scarce, requiring additional research and allowing only limited conclusions so far. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliche Reihe - 125 KW - youth unemployment KW - active labor market policies KW - evaluation KW - training KW - job search Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-436950 SN - 1867-5808 IS - 125 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Aral, Tuğçe A1 - Pevec-Zimmer, Sharleen T1 - Youth experiences of racism and family ethnic-racial socialization in Germany BT - What we (don't) know JF - Infant and child development : an international journal of research N2 - In 1988 the youth-led movement "Schools without racism, schools with courage" was established in Belgium and quickly spread throughout Europe. German schools adopted this movement in 1995. Decades later, racism is not yet a strong developmental science research topic for studies of youth in Germany and Europe. In this commentary we argue that it should be. With increasing hate crimes and harassment, there is also a need to understand how families are socializing young people to be prepared for, cope with, resist, and disrupt racism. This type of ethnic-racial socialization affects important developmental processes-adolescent ethnic-racial identity development and intergroup and institutional understanding and relations-and requires a more prominent place of study in a migration-diverse Germany. Studying these issues in this particular sociohistorical context will also contribute to a more context-specific understanding of youth experiences of racism. KW - adolescence KW - family ethnic-racial socialization KW - Germany KW - racism Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2301 SN - 1522-7219 VL - 31 IS - 1 PB - Wiley CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shaki, Samuel A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - Your neighbors define your value a study of spatial bias in number comparison JF - Acta psychologica : international journal of psychonomics N2 - Several chronometric biases in numerical cognition have informed our understanding of a mental number line (MNL). Complementing this approach, we investigated spatial performance in a magnitude comparison task. Participants located the larger or smaller number of a pair on a horizontal line representing the interval from 0 to 10. Experiments 1 and 2 used only number pairs one unit apart and found that digits were localized farther to the right with "select larger" instructions than with "select smaller" instructions. However, when numerical distance was varied (Experiment 3), digits were localized away from numerically near neighbors. This repulsion effect reveals context-specific distortions in number representation not previously noticed with chronometric measures. KW - Magnitude comparison KW - Mental number line KW - Numerical cognition KW - Spatial bias Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2013.01.004 SN - 0001-6918 VL - 142 IS - 3 SP - 308 EP - 313 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Nuthmann, Antje A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - Your mind wanders weakly, your mind wanders deeply - objective measures reveal mindless reading at different levels JF - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science N2 - When the mind wanders, attention turns away from the external environment and cognitive processing is decoupled from perceptual information. Mind wandering is usually treated as a dichotomy (dichotomy-hypothesis), and is often measured using self-reports. Here, we propose the levels of inattention hypothesis, which postulates attentional decoupling to graded degrees at different hierarchical levels of cognitive processing. To measure graded levels of attentional decoupling during reading we introduce the sustained attention to stimulus task (SAST), which is based on psychophysics of error detection. Under experimental conditions likely to induce mind wandering, we found that subjects were less likely to notice errors that required high-level processing for their detection as opposed to errors that only required low-level processing. Eye tracking revealed that before errors were overlooked influences of high- and low-level linguistic variables on eye fixations were reduced in a graded fashion, indicating episodes of mindless reading at weak and deep levels. Individual fixation durations predicted overlooking of lexical errors 5 s before they occurred. Our findings support the levels of inattention hypothesis and suggest that different levels of mindless reading can be measured behaviorally in the SAST. Using eye tracking to detect mind wandering online represents a promising approach for the development of new techniques to study mind wandering and to ameliorate its negative consequences. KW - Mind wandering KW - Reading KW - Eye movements KW - Signal detection theory KW - Levels of processing KW - Sustained attention Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.004 SN - 0010-0277 VL - 125 IS - 2 SP - 179 EP - 194 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Cosco, Theodore D. A1 - Lemsalu, Liis A1 - Brehme, David F. A1 - Grigoruta, Nora A1 - Kaufmann, Lisa-Katrin A1 - Meex, Ruth A1 - Schuurmans, Angela A. T. A1 - Sener, Neslihan A1 - Stephan, Blossom C. M. A1 - Brayne, Carol T1 - Younger europeans' conceptualizations of successful aging T2 - Journal of the American Geriatrics Society Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13307 SN - 0002-8614 SN - 1532-5415 VL - 63 IS - 3 SP - 609 EP - 611 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ziesemer, Florence A1 - Hüttel, Alexandra A1 - Balderjahn, Ingo T1 - Young people as drivers or inhibitors of the sustainability movement BT - the case of anti-consumption JF - Journal of consumer policy : consumer issues in law, economics and behavioural sciences N2 - As overconsumption has negative effects on ecological balance, social equality, and individual well-being, reducing consumption levels among the materially affluent is an emerging strategy for sustainable development. Today's youth form a crucial target group for intervening in unsustainable overconsumption habits and for setting the path and ideas on responsible living. This article explores young people's motivations for engaging in three behavioural patterns linked to anti-consumption (voluntary simplicity, collaborative consumption, and living within one's means) in relation to sustainability. Applying a qualitative approach, laddering interviews reveal the consequences and values behind the anti-consumption behaviours of young people of ages 14 to 24 according to a means-end chains analysis. The findings highlight potential for and the challenges involved in motivating young people to reduce material levels of consumption for the sake of sustainability. Related consumer policy tools from the fields of education and communication are identified. This article provides practical implications for policy makers, activists, and educators. Consumer policies may strengthen anti-consumption among young people by addressing individual benefits, enabling reflection on personal values, and referencing credible narratives. The presented insights can help give a voice to young consumers, who struggle to establish themselves as key players in shaping the future consumption regime. KW - Voluntary simplicity KW - Collaborative consumption KW - Sustainable KW - consumption KW - Means-end chain analysis KW - Laddering interviews KW - Youth Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-021-09489-x SN - 0168-7034 SN - 1573-0700 VL - 44 IS - 3 SP - 427 EP - 453 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Oswald, Hans T1 - Young people and the Family Y1 - 1998 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cui, Xiao A1 - Lv, Yang A1 - Chen, Miaolin A1 - Nikoloski, Zoran A1 - Twell, David A1 - Zhang, Dabing T1 - Young Genes out of the Male: An Insight from Evolutionary Age Analysis of the Pollen Transcriptome JF - Molecular plant N2 - The birth of new genes in genomes is an important evolutionary event. Several studies reveal that new genes in animals tend to be preferentially expressed in male reproductive tissues such as testis (Betran et al., 2002; Begun et al., 2007; Dubruille et al., 2012), and thus an "out of testis' hypothesis for the emergence of new genes has been proposed (Vinckenbosch et al., 2006; Kaessmann, 2010). However, such phenomena have not been examined in plant species. Here, by employing a phylostratigraphic method, we dated the origin of protein-coding genes in rice and Arabidopsis thaliana and observed a number of young genes in both species. These young genes tend to encode short extracellular proteins, which may be involved in rapid evolving processes, such as reproductive barriers, species specification, and antimicrobial processes. Further analysis of transcriptome age indexes across different tissues revealed that male reproductive cells express a phylogenetically younger transcriptome than other plant tissues. Compared with sporophytic tissues, the young transcriptomes of the male gametophyte displayed greater complexity and diversity, which included a higher ratio of anti-sense and inter-genic transcripts, reflecting a pervasive transcription state that facilitated the emergence of new genes. Here, we propose that pollen may act as an "innovation incubator' for the birth of de novo genes. With cases of male-biased expression of young genes reported in animals, the "new genes out of the male' model revealed a common evolutionary force that drives reproductive barriers, species specification, and the upgrading of defensive mechanisms against pathogens. KW - pollen KW - evolution KW - young genes KW - transcriptome Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2014.12.008 SN - 1674-2052 SN - 1752-9867 VL - 8 IS - 6 SP - 935 EP - 945 PB - Cell Press CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strotseva-Feinschmidt, Anna A1 - Schipke, Christine S. A1 - Gunter, Thomas C. A1 - Brauer, Jens A1 - Friederici, Angela D. T1 - Young children’s sentence comprehension T1 - Neural correlates of syntax-semantic competition JF - Brain and cognition : a journal of experimental and clinical research N2 - Sentence comprehension requires the assignment of thematic relations between the verb and its noun arguments in order to determine who is doing what to whom. In some languages, such as English, word order is the primary syntactic cue. In other languages, such as German, case-marking is additionally used to assign thematic roles. During development children have to acquire the thematic relevance of these syntactic cues and weigh them against semantic cues. Here we investigated the processing of syntactic cues and semantic cues in 2- and 3-year-old children by analyzing their behavioral and neurophysiological responses. Case-marked subject-first and object-first sentences (syntactic cue) including animate and inanimate nouns (semantic cue) were presented auditorily. The semantic animacy cue either conflicted with or supported the thematic roles assigned by syntactic case-marking. In contrast to adults, for whom semantics did not interfere with case-marking, children attended to both syntactic and to semantic cues with a stronger reliance on semantic cues in early development. Children’s event-related brain potentials indicated sensitivity to syntactic information but increased processing costs when case-marking and animacy assigned conflicting thematic roles. These results demonstrate an early developmental sensitivity and ongoing shift towards the use of syntactic cues during sentence comprehension. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2018.09.003 SN - 0278-2626 SN - 1090-2147 VL - 134 SP - 110 EP - 121 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Behzadnia, Ali A1 - Rad, Mehdi Mehrani T1 - Young children’s activity involvement and responses to yes/no questions JF - Journal of psycholinguistic research N2 - In the present study, we investigated younger and older Persian preschoolers' response tendency and accuracy toward yes/no questions about a coloring activity. Overall, 107 three- to four-year-olds and five- to six-year-old children were asked positive and negative yes/no questions about a picture coloring activity. The questions focused on three question contents namely, actions, environment and person. As for children's response tendency, they showed a compliance tendency. That is, they provided yes and no responses to positively and negatively formed questions respectively. Children especially younger ones were more compliant toward positive questions and their tendency decreased by age. In addition, the results revealed children's highest rate of compliance tendency toward environment inquiries. Concerning response accuracy, the effects of age and question content were significant. Specifically, older children provided more accurate responses than their younger counterparts, especially to yes/no questions asked about the actions performed during the activity. The findings suggest that depending on the format and the content of yes/no questions younger and older children's response accuracy and tendency differ. KW - compliance tendency KW - response accuracy KW - suggestibility KW - yes KW - no KW - questions KW - young children Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09685-4 SN - 0090-6905 SN - 1573-6555 VL - 49 IS - 3 SP - 401 EP - 414 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kayhan, Ezgi A1 - Heil, Lieke A1 - Kwisthout, Johan A1 - van Rooij, Iris A1 - Hunnius, Sabine A1 - Bekkering, Harold T1 - Young children integrate current observations, priors and agent information to predict others’ actions JF - PLOS ONE / Public Library of Science N2 - From early on in life, children are able to use information from their environment to form predictions about events. For instance, they can use statistical information about a population to predict the sample drawn from that population and infer an agent’s preferences from systematic violations of random sampling. We investigated whether and how young children infer an agent’s sampling biases. Moreover, we examined whether pupil data of toddlers follow the predictions of a computational model based on the causal Bayesian network formalization of predictive processing. We formalized three hypotheses about how different explanatory variables (i.e., prior probabilities, current observations, and agent characteristics) are used to predict others’ actions. We measured pupillary responses as a behavioral marker of ‘prediction errors’ (i.e., the perceived mismatch between what one’s model of an agent predicts and what the agent actually does). Pupillary responses of 24-month-olds, but not 18-month-olds, showed that young children integrated information about current observations, priors and agents to make predictions about agents and their actions. These findings shed light on the mechanisms behind toddlers’ inferences about agent-caused events. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which young children's pupillary responses are used as markers of prediction errors, which were qualitatively compared to the predictions by a computational model based on the causal Bayesian network formalization of predictive processing. Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200976 SN - 1932-6203 VL - 14 IS - 5 PB - PLOS CY - San Fransisco ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Ziemann, Niklas T1 - You will receive your money next week! BT - Experimental evidence on the role of Future-Time Reference for intertemporal decision-making T2 - CEPA Discussion Papers N2 - Against the background of the increasingly discussed “Linguistic Saving Hypothesis” (Chen, 2013), I studied whether the targeted use of a present tense (close tense) and a future tense (distant tense) within the same language have an impact on intertemporal decision-making. In a monetarily incentivized laboratory experiment in Germany, I implemented two different treatments on intertemporal choices. The treatments differed in the tense in which I referred to future rewards. My results show that individuals prefer to a greater extent rewards which are associated with a present tense (close tense). This result is in line with my prediction and the first empirical support for the Linguistic Saving Hypothesis within one language. However, this result holds exclusively for males. Females seem to be unaffected by the linguistic manipulation. I discuss my findings in the context of “gender-as-culture” as well as their potential policy-implications. T3 - CEPA Discussion Papers - 56 KW - Experiment KW - Intertemporal Choice KW - Language KW - Linguistic Saving Hypothesis Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-563983 SN - 2628-653X IS - 56 CY - Potsdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Tschentscher, Nadja A1 - Hauk, Olaf A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Pulvermüller, Friedemann T1 - You can count on the motor cortex finger counting habits modulate motor cortex activation evoked by numbers JF - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function N2 - The embodied cognition framework suggests that neural systems for perception and action are engaged during higher cognitive processes. In an event-related fMRI study, we tested this claim for the abstract domain of numerical symbol processing: is the human cortical motor system part of the representation of numbers, and is organization of numerical knowledge influenced by individual finger counting habits? Developmental studies suggest a link between numerals and finger counting habits due to the acquisition of numerical skills through finger counting in childhood. In the present study, digits 1 to 9 and the corresponding number words were presented visually to adults with different finger counting habits, i.e. left- and right-starters who reported that they usually start counting small numbers with their left and right hand, respectively. Despite the absence of overt hand movements, the hemisphere contralateral to the hand used for counting small numbers was activated when small numbers were presented. The correspondence between finger counting habits and hemispheric motor activation is consistent with an intrinsic functional link between finger counting and number processing. KW - Embodied cognition KW - Numerical cognaion KW - Finger counting habits KW - SNARC effect Y1 - 2012 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.037 SN - 1053-8119 VL - 59 IS - 4 SP - 3139 EP - 3148 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Guiet, Amandine A1 - Unmüssig, Tobias A1 - Göbel, Caren A1 - Vainio, Ulla A1 - Wollgarten, Markus A1 - Driess, Matthias A1 - Schlaad, Helmut A1 - Polte, Jörg A1 - Fischer, Anna T1 - Yolk@Shell Nanoarchitectures with Bimetallic Nanocores - Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Applications JF - Earth & planetary science letters KW - AgAu alloy nanoparticles KW - tin-rich ITO KW - yolk@shell materials KW - nanoreactor KW - soft-templating KW - inverse micelles KW - polystyrene-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b06595 SN - 1944-8244 VL - 8 SP - 28019 EP - 28029 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mirhaj, M. A1 - Boit, Alice A1 - Razzak, M. A. A1 - Wahab, M. A. T1 - Yield performance comparison between cultures of rice cum prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and rice cum fish (Cyprinus carpio, Oreochromis niloticus) in North-Eastern Bangladesh JF - Aquaculture : an international journal devoted to research on the exploration and improvement of all aquatic food resources, both floristic and faunistic, from freshwater, brackish and marine environment, related directly or indirectly to human consumption N2 - Integrated and concurrent cultures in rice fields are a promising approach to sustainable farming as the demand for aquacultural and agricultural products continues to grow while land and water resources become increasingly scarce. Prawn farming mainly takes place in coastal regions in improved extensive to semi-intensive aquacultures but a trend to shift the industry to inland regions has been noticed. This inland study in Northern Bangladesh used different input regimes such as fertilizer and additional feed to compare the performance of prawn and fish in flooded paddy fields in regard to water quality measurements. Maximal net yields and body weight gain with minimized negative impact on water quality were found when initial body weights of prawn were optimized. Regarding yield factors in reference to the reduction of costs due to the avoidance of expensive fertilizer/feed and effort, prawn performed better than integrated fish cultures considering a higher market value of prawn with net yields of up to 97 +/- 55 kg ha(-1) for unfed and 151 +/- 61 kg ha(-1) for fed treatments. Rice yields of up to 4.7 +/- 0.1 t ha(-1) for unfed and 4.4 +/- 0.1 t ha(-1) were achieved for fed treatments. The findings suggest that for small scale farmers, prawn cum rice cultures are an economically profitable and comparatively easily manageable alternative to rice cum fish cultures. KW - Rice cum prawn culture KW - Macrobrachium rosenbergii KW - Sustainable aquaculture KW - Polyculture Y1 - 2013 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.01.038 SN - 0044-8486 VL - 392 IS - 5 SP - 26 EP - 33 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kałczewiak, Mariusz T1 - Yiddish in the Andes BT - unbearable distance, devoted activists and building Yiddish culture in Chile T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - This article elucidates the efforts of Chilean-Jewish activists to create, manage and protect Chilean Yiddish culture. It illuminates how Yiddish cultural leaders in small diasporas, such as Chile, worked to maintain dialogue with other Jewish centers. Chilean culturists maintained that a unique Latin American Jewish culture existed and needed to be strengthened through the joint efforts of all Yiddish actors on the continent. Chilean activists envisioned a modern Jewish culture informed by both Eastern European influences and local Jewish cultural production, as well as by exchanges with non-Jewish Latin American majority cultures. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 571 KW - Yiddish culture KW - Chile KW - Latin America KW - Yiddish culturism KW - Jewish networking Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-435064 IS - 571 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schoeps, Julius H. T1 - Yiddish culture : Proposals for institutional co-operation Y1 - 1996 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalczewiak, Mariusz T1 - Yiddish Buenos Aires and the struggle to leave the margins JF - East European Jewish affairs N2 - Yiddish culture developed in Argentina within the context of a self-perception that figured Buenos Aires as a marginal and peripheral locale on the global Yiddish map. Against this backdrop, Argentine Yiddish culturalists argued for the strengthening of local Yiddish culture with a goal of elevating Buenos Aires's status within the international hierarchies of Yiddish culture. Buenos Aires indeed emerged in the 1920s as a producer of Yiddish cultural contents, maintained networks of international cultural contacts with other Yiddish centers, financially supported Eastern European Yiddish establishments, and hoped that these contacts would allow for solving Buenos Aires reputation problems. The pre-World War II preoccupation with the status of Buenos Aires as a center of Yiddish culture provided a basis upon which post-Holocaust discourse of Argentine Jewish responsibility for the maintenance of Yiddish culture was constructed. KW - Argentina KW - Buenos Aires KW - marginality KW - peripherality KW - Yiddish culturalism Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2020.1774275 SN - 1350-1674 SN - 1743-971X VL - 50 IS - 1-2 SP - 115 EP - 133 PB - Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group CY - Abingdon ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vogel, Ralf T1 - Yet another Theta-System Y1 - 2002 SN - 0301-4428 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Vladova, Gergana A1 - Ullrich, André A1 - Bender, Benedict A1 - Gronau, Norbert ED - Reis, Arsénio ED - Barroso, João ED - Lopes, J. Bernardino ED - Mikropoulos, Tassos ED - Fan, Chih-Wen T1 - Yes, we can (?) BT - a critical review of the COVID-19 semester T2 - Technology and innovation in learning, teaching and education : second international conference, TECH-EDU 2020, Vila Real, Portugal, December 2-4, 2020 : proceedings N2 - The COVID-19 crisis has caused an extreme situation for higher education institutions around the world, where exclusively virtual teaching and learning has become obligatory rather than an additional supporting feature. This has created opportunities to explore the potential and limitations of virtual learning formats. This paper presents four theses on virtual classroom teaching and learning that are discussed critically. We use existing theoretical insights extended by empirical evidence from a survey of more than 850 students on acceptance, expectations, and attitudes regarding the positive and negative aspects of virtual teaching. The survey responses were gathered from students at different universities during the first completely digital semester (Spring-Summer 2020) in Germany. We discuss similarities and differences between the subjects being studied and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of virtual teaching and learning. Against the background of existing theory and the gathered data, we emphasize the importance of social interaction, the combination of different learning formats, and thus context-sensitive hybrid learning as the learning form of the future. KW - COVID-19 KW - higher education KW - virtual learning KW - digital learning KW - subject differences Y1 - 2021 SN - 978-3-030-73987-4 SN - 978-3-030-73988-1 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73988-1_17 SP - 225 EP - 235 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilie, Hauke A1 - Baer, Dorit A1 - Kettner, Karina A1 - Weininger, Ulrich A1 - Balbach, Jochen A1 - Naumann, Manfred A1 - Mueller, Eva-Christina A1 - Otto, Albrecht A1 - Gast, Klaus A1 - Golbik, Ralph A1 - Kriegel, Thomas T1 - Yeast hexokinase isoenzyme ScHxk2 stability of a two-domain protein with discontinuous domains JF - Protein engineering design & selection N2 - The hexokinase isoenzyme 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScHxk2) represents an archetype of a two-domain protein with the active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Binding of the substrate glucose results in a rigid body movement of the two domains leading to a cleft closure of the active site. Both domains of this enzyme are composed of discontinuous peptide sequences. This structural feature is reflected in the stability and folding of the ScHxk2 protein. Structural transitions induced by urea treatment resulted in the population of a thermodynamically stable folding intermediate, which, however, does not correspond to a molecule with one domain folded and the other unfolded. As demonstrated by different spectroscopic techniques, both domains are structurally affected by the partial denaturation. The intermediate possesses only 40% of the native secondary structural content and a substantial increase in the Stokes radius as judged by circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering analyses. One-dimensional H-1 NMR data prove that all tryptophan residues are in a non-native environment in the intermediate, indicating substantial changes in the tertiary structure. Still, the intermediate possesses quite a high stability for a transition intermediate of about Delta G = -22 kJ mol(-1). KW - dynamic light scattering KW - NMR KW - ScHxk2 KW - stability KW - transition intermediate Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/protein/gzq098 SN - 1741-0126 VL - 24 IS - 1-2 SP - 79 EP - 87 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lilie, Hauke A1 - Bär, Dorit A1 - Kettner, Karina A1 - Weininger, Ulrich A1 - Balbach, Jochen A1 - Naumann, Manfred A1 - Müller, Eva-Christina A1 - Otto, Albrecht A1 - Gast, Klaus A1 - Golbik, Ralph T1 - Yeast hexokinase isoenzyme ScHxk2 : stability of a two-domain protein with discontinuous domains N2 - The hexokinase isoenzyme 2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScHxk2) represents an archetype of a two-domain protein with the active site located in a cleft between the two domains. Binding of the substrate glucose results in a rigid body movement of the two domains leading to a cleft closure of the active site. Both domains of this enzyme are composed of discontinuous peptide sequences. This structural feature is reflected in the stability and folding of the ScHxk2 protein. Structural transitions induced by urea treatment resulted in the population of a thermodynamically stable folding intermediate, which, however, does not correspond to a molecule with one domain folded and the other unfolded. As demonstrated by different spectroscopic techniques, both domains are structurally affected by the partial denaturation. The intermediate possesses only 40% of the native secondary structural content and a substantial increase in the Stokes radius as judged by circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering analyses. One-dimensional 1H NMR data prove that all tryptophan residues are in a non-native environment in the intermediate, indicating substantial changes in the tertiary structure. Still, the intermediate possesses quite a high stability for a transition intermediate of about ;G = ;22 kJ mol;1. Y1 - 2011 UR - http://peds.oxfordjournals.org/content/24/1-2/79.long SN - 0269-2139 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Albrecht, Tanja A1 - Haebel, Sophie A1 - Koch, Anke A1 - Krause, Ulrike A1 - Eckermann, Nora A1 - Steup, Martin T1 - Yeast glycogenin (Glg2p) produced in Escherichia coli is simultaneously glucosylated at two vicinal tyrosin residues but results in a reduced bacterial glycogen accumulation N2 - Saccharomyces cerevisiae possesses two glycogenin isoforms (designated as Glg1p and Glg2p) that both contain a conserved tyrosine residue, Tyr232. However, Glg2p possesses an additional tyrosine residue, Tyr230 and therefore two potential autoglucosylation sites. Glucosylation of Glg2p was studied using both matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Glg2p, carrying a C-terminal (His(6)) tag, was produced in Escherichia coli and purified. By tryptic digestion and reversed phase chromatography a peptide (residues 219-246 of the complete Glg2p sequence) was isolated that contained 4-25 glucosyl residues. Following incubation of Glg2p with UDPglucose, more than 36 glucosyl residues were covalently bound to this peptide. Using a combination of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the protein backbone, enzymatic hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds and reversed phase chromatography, mono- and diglucosylated peptides having the sequence PNYGYQSSPAM were generated. MS/MS spectra revealed that glucosyl residues were attached to both Tyr232 and Tyr230 within the same peptide. The formation of the highly glucosylated eukaryotic Glg2p did not favour the bacterial glycogen accumulation. Under various experimental conditions Glg2p-producing cells accumulated approximately 30% less glycogen than a control transformed with a Glg2p lacking plasmid. The size distribution of the glycogen and extractable activities of several glycogen-related enzymes were essentially unchanged. As revealed by high performance anion exchange chromatography, the intracellular maltooligosaccharide pattern of the bacterial cells expressing the functional eukaryotic transgene was significantly altered. Thus, the eukaryotic glycogenin appears to be incompatible with the bacterial initiation of glycogen biosynthesis Y1 - 2004 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Redelberger, David A1 - Seduk, Farida A1 - Genest, Olivier A1 - Mejean, Vincent A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Iobbi-Nivol, Chantal T1 - YcdY Protein of Escherichia coli, an Atypical Member of the TorD Chaperone Family JF - Journal of bacteriology N2 - The TorD family of specific chaperones is divided into four subfamilies dedicated to molybdoenzyme biogenesis and a fifth one, exemplified by YcdY of Escherichia coli, for which no defined partner has been identified so far. We propose that YcdY is the chaperone of YcdX, a zinc protein involved in the swarming motility process of E. coli, since YcdY interacts with YcdX and increases its activity in vitro. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.05927-11 SN - 0021-9193 VL - 193 IS - 23 SP - 6512 EP - 6516 PB - American Society for Microbiology CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kleinpeter, Erich A1 - Koch, Andreas T1 - Y-aromaticity - existing: yes or no? An answer given on the magnetic criterion (TSNMRS) JF - Tetrahedron N2 - The spatial magnetic properties (Through Space NMR Shieldings - TSNMRS) of a number of Y-shaped structures possessing 4n+2 pi-electrons (i.a. the trimethylenemethane ions TMM2+, TMM2-, the guanidinium cation, substituted and hetero analogues) have been computed, visualized as Isochemical Shielding Surfaces (ICSS) of various size and direction, were examined subject to present Y-aromaticity and the results compared with energetic and geometric criteria obtained already. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Y-aromaticity KW - pi-Electron delocalization KW - Theoretical calculations KW - ICSS KW - TSNMRS Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2016.02.020 SN - 0040-4020 VL - 72 SP - 1675 EP - 1685 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cioni, Maria-Rosa L. A1 - Bekki, Kenji A1 - Girardi, Leo A1 - de Grijs, Richard A1 - Irwin, Mike J. A1 - Ivanov, Valentin D. A1 - Marconi, Marcella A1 - Oliveira, Joana M. A1 - Piatti, Andres E. A1 - Ripepi, Vincenzo A1 - van Loon, Jacco Th. T1 - XVII. Proper motions of the Small Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way globular cluster 47 Tucanae JF - Physical review : E, Statistical, nonlinear and soft matter physics N2 - Aims. In this study we use multi-epoch near-infrared observations from the VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC) to measure the proper motions of different stellar populations in a tile of 1.5 deg2 in size in the direction of the Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc. We obtain the proper motion of the cluster itself, of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and of the field Milky Way stars. Methods. Stars of the three main stellar components are selected according to their spatial distributions and their distributions in colour−magnitude diagrams. Their average coordinate displacement is computed from the difference between multiple Ks-band observations for stars as faint as Ks = 19 mag. Proper motions are derived from the slope of the best-fitting line among ten VMC epochs over a time baseline of ~1 yr. Background galaxies are used to calibrate the absolute astrometric reference frame. Results. The resulting absolute proper motion of 47 Tuc is (μαcos(δ), μδ) = (+7.26 ± 0.03, −1.25 ± 0.03) mas yr-1. This measurement refers to about 35 000 sources distributed between 10′ and 60′ from the cluster centre. For the SMC we obtain (μαcos(δ), μδ) = (+1.16 ± 0.07, −0.81 ± 0.07) mas yr-1 from about 5250 red clump and red giant branch stars. The absolute proper motion of the Milky Way population in the line of sight (l = 305.9, b = −44.9) of this VISTA tile is (μαcos(δ), μδ) = (+10.22 ± 0.14, −1.27 ± 0.12) mas yr-1 and has been calculated from about 4000 sources. Systematic uncertainties associated with the astrometric reference system are 0.18 mas yr-1. Thanks to the proper motion we detect 47 Tuc stars beyond its tidal radius. KW - proper motions KW - surveys KW - Magellanic Clouds KW - globular clusters: individual: 47 Tucanae Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527004 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 586 SP - 67 EP - 75 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schaub, Torsten H. A1 - Brüning, Stefan A1 - Nicolas, Pascal T1 - XRay : a prolog technology theorem prover for default reasoning: a system description Y1 - 1996 SN - 3-540-61511-3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sanjurjo-Ferrrin, G. A1 - Torrejon, J. M. A1 - Postnov, K. A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Rodes-Roca, J. J. A1 - Bernabeu, Guillermo T1 - XMM-Newton spectroscopy of the accreting magnetar candidate 4U0114+65 JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal N2 - Methods. We analysed the energy-resolved light curve and the time-resolved X-ray spectra provided by the EPIC cameras on board XMM-Newton. We also analysed the first high-resolution spectrum of this source provided by the Reflection Grating Spectrometer. Results. An X-ray pulse of 9350 +/- 160 s was measured. Comparison with previous measurements confirms the secular spin up of this source. We successfully fit the pulse-phase-resolved spectra with Comptonisation models. These models imply a very small (r similar to 3 km) and hot (kT similar to 2-3 keV) emitting region and therefore point to a hot spot over the neutron star (NS) surface as the most reliable explanation for the X-ray pulse. The long NS spin period, the spin-up rate, and persistent X-ray emission can be explained within the theory of quasi-spherical settling accretion, which may indicate that the magnetic field is in the magnetar range. Thus, 4U0114+65 could be a wind-accreting magnetar. We also observed two episodes of low luminosity. The first was only observed in the low-energy light curve and can be explained as an absorption by a large over-dense structure in the wind of the B1 supergiant donor. The second episode, which was deeper and affected all energies, may be due to temporal cessation of accretion onto one magnetic pole caused by non-spherical matter capture from the structured stellar wind. The light curve displays two types of dips that are clearly seen during the high-flux intervals. The short dips, with durations of tens of seconds, are produced through absorption by wind clumps. The long dips, in turn, seem to be associated with the rarefied interclump medium. From the analysis of the X-ray spectra, we found evidence of emission lines in the X-ray photoionised wind of the B1Ia donor. The Fe K alpha line was found to be highly variable and much weaker than in other X-ray binaries with supergiant donors. The degree of wind clumping, measured through the covering fraction, was found to be much lower than in supergiant donor stars with earlier spectral types. Conclusions. The XMM-Newton spectroscopy provided further support for the magnetar nature of the neutron star in 4U0114+65. The light curve presents dips that can be associated with clumps and the interclump medium in the stellar wind of the mass donor. KW - X-rays: binaries KW - stars: winds, outflows KW - pulsars: individual: 4U0114+65 Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201630119 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 606 SP - 4039 EP - 4042 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ignace, Richard A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Brown, John C. T1 - XMM-Newton Observations of the Nitrogen-Rich Wolf-Rayet star WR1 N2 - We present XMM-Newton results for the X-ray spectrum from the N-rich Wolf-Rayet (WR) star WR 1. The EPIC instrument was used to obtain a medium-resolution spectrum. The following features characterize this spectrum: (a) significant emission "bumps" appear that are coincident with the wavelengths of typical strong lines, such as Mg XI, Si XIII and S XV; (b) little emission is detected above 4 keV, in contrast to recent reports of a hard component in the stars WR 6 and WR 110 which are of similar subtype; and (c) evidence for sulfur K-edge absorption at about 2.6 keV, which could only arise from absorption of X-rays by the ambient stellar wind. The lack of hard emission in our dataset is suggestive that WR 1 may truly be a single star, thus representing the first detailed X-ray spectrum that isolates the WR wind alone (in contrast to colliding wind zones). Although the properties of the S-edge are not well-constrained by our data, it does appear to be real, and its detection indicates that at least some of the hot gas in WR 1 must reside interior to the radius of optical depth unity for the total absorptive opacity at the energy of the edge. Y1 - 2003 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sidoli, Lara A1 - Sguera, Vito A1 - Esposito, Paolo A1 - Oskinova, Lida A1 - Polletta, Maria del Carmen T1 - XMM-Newton discovery of very high obscuration in the candidate Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient AX J1714.1-3912 JF - Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society N2 - We have analysed an archival XMM-Newton EPIC observation that serendipitously covered the sky position of a variable X-ray source AX J1714.1-3912, previously suggested to be a Supergiant Fast X-ray Transient (SFXT). During the XMM-Newton observation the source is variable on a timescale of hundred seconds and shows two luminosity states, with a flaring activity followed by unflared emission, with a variability amplitude of a factor of about 50. We have discovered an intense iron emission line with a centroid energy of 6.4 keV in the power law-like spectrum, modified by a large absorption (N-H similar to 10(24) cm(-2)), never observed before from this source. This X-ray spectrum is unusual for an SFXT, but resembles the so-called 'highly obscured sources', high mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs) hosting an evolved B[e] supergiant companion (sgB[e]). This might suggest that AX J1714.1-3912 is a new member of this rare type of HMXBs, which includes IGR J16318-4848 and CI Camelopardalis. Increasing this small population of sources would be remarkable, as they represent an interesting short transition evolutionary stage in the evolution of massive binaries. Nevertheless, AX J1714.1-3912 appears to share X-ray properties of both kinds of HMXBs (SFXT versus sgB[e] HMXB). Therefore, further investigations of the companion star are needed to disentangle the two hypothesis. KW - X-rays: binaries KW - X-rays: individual: AX J1714.1-3912 Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac691 SN - 0035-8711 SN - 1365-2966 VL - 512 IS - 2 SP - 2929 EP - 2935 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pacholsky, Dirk A1 - Vakeel, Padmanabhan A1 - Himmel, Mirko A1 - Lowe, T. A1 - Stradal, T. A1 - Rottner, K. A1 - Fürst, Dieter Oswald A1 - vanderVen, Peter F. M. T1 - Xin repeats define a novel actin-binding motif N2 - Xin is a protein that is expressed during early developmental stages of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Immunolocalization studies indicated a peripheral localization in embryonic mouse heart, where Xin localizes with beta- catenin and N-cadherin. In adult tissues, Xin is found primarily in the intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes and the myotendinous junctions of skeletal muscle cells, both specialized attachment sites of the myofibrillar ends to the sarcolemma. A large part of the Xin protein consists of unique 16 amino acid repeats with unknown function. We have investigated the characteristics of the Xin repeats by transfection experiments and actin-binding assays and ascertained that, upon expression in cultured cells, these repeats bind to and stabilize the actin-based cytoskeleton. In vitro co- sedimentation assays with skeletal muscle actin indicated that they not only directly bind actin filaments, but also have the capability of arranging microfilaments into networks that sediment upon low-speed centrifugation. Very similar repeats were also found in Xin-repeat protein 2' (XIRP2), a novel protein that seems to be expressed mainly in striated muscles. Human XIRP2 contains 28 Xin repeats with properties identical to those of Xin. We conclude that the Xin repeats define a novel, repetitive actin-binding motif present in at least two different muscle proteins. These Xin- repeat proteins therefore constitute the first two members of a novel family of actin-binding proteins Y1 - 2004 SN - 0021-9533 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Weiß, Norman T1 - Xenophobia Y1 - 2008 UR - http://www.mpepil.com/subscriber_articles_by_author?letter=W ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kalimuthu, Palraj A1 - Leimkühler, Silke A1 - Bernhardt, Paul V. T1 - Xanthine dehydrogenase electrocatalysis autocatalysis and novel activity JF - The journal of physical chemistry : B, Condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces & biophysical chemistry N2 - The enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) from the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid as part of purine metabolism. The native electron acceptor is NAD(+) but herein we show that uric acid in its 2-electron oxidized form is able to act as an artificial electron acceptor from XDH in an electrochemically driven catalytic system. Hypoxanthine oxidation is also observed with the novel production of uric acid in a series of two consecutive 2-electron oxidation reactions via xanthine. XDH exhibits native activity in terms of its pH optimum and inhibition by allopurinol. Y1 - 2011 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jp111809f SN - 1520-6106 VL - 115 IS - 11 SP - 2655 EP - 2662 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wilke, Max A1 - Partzsch, G. M. A1 - Farges, Francois T1 - XAFS of iron in silicate melt at high temperature Y1 - 2004 SN - 0024-4937 ER - TY - THES A1 - Wang, Long T1 - X-tracking the usage interest on web sites T1 - X-tracking des Nutzungsinteresses für Webseiten N2 - The exponential expanding of the numbers of web sites and Internet users makes WWW the most important global information resource. From information publishing and electronic commerce to entertainment and social networking, the Web allows an inexpensive and efficient access to the services provided by individuals and institutions. The basic units for distributing these services are the web sites scattered throughout the world. However, the extreme fragility of web services and content, the high competence between similar services supplied by different sites, and the wide geographic distributions of the web users drive the urgent requirement from the web managers to track and understand the usage interest of their web customers. This thesis, "X-tracking the Usage Interest on Web Sites", aims to fulfill this requirement. "X" stands two meanings: one is that the usage interest differs from various web sites, and the other is that usage interest is depicted from multi aspects: internal and external, structural and conceptual, objective and subjective. "Tracking" shows that our concentration is on locating and measuring the differences and changes among usage patterns. This thesis presents the methodologies on discovering usage interest on three kinds of web sites: the public information portal site, e-learning site that provides kinds of streaming lectures and social site that supplies the public discussions on IT issues. On different sites, we concentrate on different issues related with mining usage interest. The educational information portal sites were the first implementation scenarios on discovering usage patterns and optimizing the organization of web services. In such cases, the usage patterns are modeled as frequent page sets, navigation paths, navigation structures or graphs. However, a necessary requirement is to rebuild the individual behaviors from usage history. We give a systematic study on how to rebuild individual behaviors. Besides, this thesis shows a new strategy on building content clusters based on pair browsing retrieved from usage logs. The difference between such clusters and the original web structure displays the distance between the destinations from usage side and the expectations from design side. Moreover, we study the problem on tracking the changes of usage patterns in their life cycles. The changes are described from internal side integrating conceptual and structure features, and from external side for the physical features; and described from local side measuring the difference between two time spans, and global side showing the change tendency along the life cycle. A platform, Web-Cares, is developed to discover the usage interest, to measure the difference between usage interest and site expectation and to track the changes of usage patterns. E-learning site provides the teaching materials such as slides, recorded lecture videos and exercise sheets. We focus on discovering the learning interest on streaming lectures, such as real medias, mp4 and flash clips. Compared to the information portal site, the usage on streaming lectures encapsulates the variables such as viewing time and actions during learning processes. The learning interest is discovered in the form of answering 6 questions, which covers finding the relations between pieces of lectures and the preference among different forms of lectures. We prefer on detecting the changes of learning interest on the same course from different semesters. The differences on the content and structure between two courses leverage the changes on the learning interest. We give an algorithm on measuring the difference on learning interest integrated with similarity comparison between courses. A search engine, TASK-Moniminer, is created to help the teacher query the learning interest on their streaming lectures on tele-TASK site. Social site acts as an online community attracting web users to discuss the common topics and share their interesting information. Compared to the public information portal site and e-learning web site, the rich interactions among users and web content bring the wider range of content quality, on the other hand, provide more possibilities to express and model usage interest. We propose a framework on finding and recommending high reputation articles in a social site. We observed that the reputation is classified into global and local categories; the quality of the articles having high reputation is related with the content features. Based on these observations, our framework is implemented firstly by finding the articles having global or local reputation, and secondly clustering articles based on their content relations, and then the articles are selected and recommended from each cluster based on their reputation ranks. N2 - Wegen des exponentiellen Ansteigens der Anzahl an Internet-Nutzern und Websites ist das WWW (World Wide Web) die wichtigste globale Informationsressource geworden. Das Web bietet verschiedene Dienste (z. B. Informationsveröffentlichung, Electronic Commerce, Entertainment oder Social Networking) zum kostengünstigen und effizienten erlaubten Zugriff an, die von Einzelpersonen und Institutionen zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Um solche Dienste anzubieten, werden weltweite, vereinzelte Websites als Basiseinheiten definiert. Aber die extreme Fragilität der Web-Services und -inhalte, die hohe Kompetenz zwischen ähnlichen Diensten für verschiedene Sites bzw. die breite geographische Verteilung der Web-Nutzer treiben einen dringenden Bedarf für Web-Manager und das Verfolgen und Verstehen der Nutzungsinteresse ihrer Web-Kunden. Die Arbeit zielt darauf ab, dass die Anforderung "X-tracking the Usage Interest on Web Sites" erfüllt wird. "X" hat zwei Bedeutungen. Die erste Bedeutung ist, dass das Nutzungsinteresse von verschiedenen Websites sich unterscheidet. Außerdem stellt die zweite Bedeutung dar, dass das Nutzungsinteresse durch verschiedene Aspekte (interne und externe, strukturelle und konzeptionelle) beschrieben wird. Tracking zeigt, dass die Änderungen zwischen Nutzungsmustern festgelegt und gemessen werden. Die Arbeit eine Methodologie dar, um das Nutzungsinteresse gekoppelt an drei Arten von Websites (Public Informationsportal-Website, E-Learning-Website und Social-Website) zu finden. Wir konzentrieren uns auf unterschiedliche Themen im Bezug auf verschieden Sites, die mit Usage-Interest-Mining eng verbunden werden. Education Informationsportal-Website ist das erste Implementierungsscenario für Web-Usage-Mining. Durch das Scenario können Nutzungsmuster gefunden und die Organisation von Web-Services optimiert werden. In solchen Fällen wird das Nutzungsmuster als häufige Pagemenge, Navigation-Wege, -Strukturen oder -Graphen modelliert. Eine notwendige Voraussetzung ist jedoch, dass man individuelle Verhaltensmuster aus dem Verlauf der Nutzung (Usage History) wieder aufbauen muss. Deshalb geben wir in dieser Arbeit eine systematische Studie zum Nachempfinden der individuellen Verhaltensweisen. Außerdem zeigt die Arbeit eine neue Strategie, dass auf Page-Paaren basierten Content-Clustering aus Nutzungssite aufgebaut werden. Der Unterschied zwischen solchen Clustern und der originalen Webstruktur ist der Abstand zwischen Zielen der Nutzungssite und Erwartungen der Designsite. Darüber hinaus erforschen wir Probleme beim Tracking der Änderungen von Nutzungsmustern in ihrem Lebenszyklus. Die Änderungen werden durch mehrere Aspekte beschrieben. Für internen Aspekt werden konzeptionelle Strukturen und Funktionen integriert. Der externe Aspekt beschreibt physische Eigenschaften. Für lokalen Aspekt wird die Differenz zwischen zwei Zeitspannen gemessen. Der globale Aspekt zeigt Tendenzen der Änderung entlang des Lebenszyklus. Eine Plattform "Web-Cares" wird entwickelt, die die Nutzungsinteressen findet, Unterschiede zwischen Nutzungsinteresse und Website messen bzw. die Änderungen von Nutzungsmustern verfolgen kann. E-Learning-Websites bieten Lernmaterialien wie z.B. Folien, erfaßte Video-Vorlesungen und Übungsblätter an. Wir konzentrieren uns auf die Erfoschung des Lerninteresses auf Streaming-Vorlesungen z.B. Real-Media, mp4 und Flash-Clips. Im Vergleich zum Informationsportal Website kapselt die Nutzung auf Streaming-Vorlesungen die Variablen wie Schauzeit und Schautätigkeiten während der Lernprozesse. Das Lerninteresse wird erfasst, wenn wir Antworten zu sechs Fragen gehandelt haben. Diese Fragen umfassen verschiedene Themen, wie Erforschung der Relation zwischen Teilen von Lehrveranstaltungen oder die Präferenz zwischen den verschiedenen Formen der Lehrveranstaltungen. Wir bevorzugen die Aufdeckung der Veränderungen des Lerninteresses anhand der gleichen Kurse aus verschiedenen Semestern. Der Differenz auf den Inhalt und die Struktur zwischen zwei Kurse beeinflusst die Änderungen auf das Lerninteresse. Ein Algorithmus misst die Differenz des Lerninteresses im Bezug auf einen Ähnlichkeitsvergleich zwischen den Kursen. Die Suchmaschine „Task-Moniminer“ wird entwickelt, dass die Lehrkräfte das Lerninteresse für ihre Streaming-Vorlesungen über das Videoportal tele-TASK abrufen können. Social Websites dienen als eine Online-Community, in den teilnehmenden Web-Benutzern die gemeinsamen Themen diskutieren und ihre interessanten Informationen miteinander teilen. Im Vergleich zur Public Informationsportal-Website und E-Learning Website bietet diese Art von Website reichhaltige Interaktionen zwischen Benutzern und Inhalten an, die die breitere Auswahl der inhaltlichen Qualität bringen. Allerdings bietet eine Social-Website mehr Möglichkeiten zur Modellierung des Nutzungsinteresses an. Wir schlagen ein Rahmensystem vor, die hohe Reputation für Artikel in eine Social-Website empfiehlt. Unsere Beobachtungen sind, dass die Reputation in globalen und lokalen Kategorien klassifiziert wird. Außerdem wird die Qualität von Artikeln mit hoher Reputation mit den Content-Funktionen in Zusammenhang stehen. Durch die folgenden Schritte wird das Rahmensystem im Bezug auf die Überwachungen implementiert. Der erste Schritt ist, dass man die Artikel mit globalen oder lokalen Reputation findet. Danach werden Artikel im Bezug auf ihre Content-Relationen in jeder Kategorie gesammelt. Zum Schluß werden die ausgewählten Artikel aus jedem basierend auf ihren Reputation-Ranking Cluster empfohlen. KW - Tracking KW - Nutzungsinteresse KW - Webseite KW - Tracking KW - Usage Interest KW - Web Sites Y1 - 2011 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-51077 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hilscher, Martin A1 - Braun, Michael A1 - Richter, Michael A1 - Leininger, Andreas A1 - Gössel, Michael T1 - X-tolerant test data compaction with accelerated shift registers N2 - Using the timing flexibility of modern automatic test equipment (ATE) test response data can be compacted without the need for additional X-masking logic. In this article the test response is compacted by several multiple input shift registers without feedback (NF-MISR). The shift registers are running on a k-times higher clock frequency than the test clock. For each test clock cycle only one out of the k outputs of each shift register is evaluated by the ATE. The impact of consecutive X values within the scan chains is reduced by a periodic permutation of the NF-MISR inputs. As a result, no additional external control signals or test set dependent control logic is required. The benefits of the proposed method are shown by the example of an implementation on a Verigy ATE. Experiments on three industrial circuits demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in comparison to a commercial DFT solution. Y1 - 2009 UR - http://www.springerlink.com/content/100286 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10836-009-5107-5 SN - 0923-8174 ER - TY - THES A1 - Foster, Mary Grace T1 - X-Ray studies of exoplanet systems N2 - X-rays are integral to furthering our knowledge of exoplanetary systems. In this work we discuss the use of X-ray observations to understand star-planet interac- tions, mass-loss rates of an exoplanet’s atmosphere and the study of an exoplanet’s atmospheric components using future X-ray spectroscopy. The low-mass star GJ 1151 was reported to display variable low-frequency radio emission, which is an indication of coronal star-planet interactions with an unseen exoplanet. In chapter 5 we report the first X-ray detection of GJ 1151’s corona based on XMM-Newton data. Averaged over the observation, we detect the star with a low coronal temperature of 1.6 MK and an X-ray luminosity of LX = 5.5 × 1026 erg/s. This is compatible with the coronal assumptions for a sub-Alfvénic star- planet interaction origin of the observed radio signals from this star. In chapter 6, we aim to characterise the high-energy environment of known ex- oplanets and estimate their mass-loss rates. This work is based on the soft X-ray instrument on board the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) mission, eROSITA, along with archival data from ROSAT, XMM-Newton, and Chandra. We use these four X-ray source catalogues to derive X-ray luminosities of exoplanet host stars in the 0.2-2 keV energy band. A catalogue of the mass-loss rates of 287 exoplan- ets is presented, with 96 of these planets characterised for the first time using new eROSITA detections. Of these first time detections, 14 are of transiting exoplanets that undergo irradiation from their host stars that is of a level known to cause ob- servable evaporation signals in other systems, making them suitable for follow-up observations. In the next generation of space observatories, X-ray transmission spectroscopy of an exoplanet’s atmosphere will be possible, allowing for a detailed look into the atmospheric composition of these planets. In chapter 7, we model sample spectra using a toy model of an exoplanetary atmosphere to predict what exoplanet transit observations with future X-ray missions such as Athena will look like. We then estimate the observable X-ray transmission spectrum for a typical Hot Jupiter-type exoplanet, giving us insights into the advances in X-ray observations of exoplanets in the decades to come. N2 - Röntgenstrahlen sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil, um unser Wissen über extrasolare Planetensysteme zu vertiefen und zu erweitern. In dieser Arbeit erörtern wir den Einsatz von Röntgenbeobachtungen zum Verständnis von Stern-Planeten-Interaktionen, der Abschätzung von Massenverlustraten von Exoplanetenatmosphären und die Untersuchung der atmosphärischen Komponenten eines Exoplaneten mithilfe zukünftiger Röntgenspektroskopie. Beobachtungen des massearmen Sterns GJ 1151 deuten auf eine variable Emission niederfrequenter Radiostrahlung hin, was als Indiz für koronale Stern-Planeten-Wechselwirkungen mit einem unsichtbaren Exoplaneten angesehen wird. In Kapitel 5 berichten wir über den ersten Röntgennachweis der Korona von GJ 1151, basierend auf XMM-Newton Daten. Über die gesamte Beobachtungsdauer gemittelt, weisen wir den Stern mit einer niedrigen koronalen Temperatur von 1,6 MK und einer Röntgenluminosität von LX = 5, 5 ◊ 1026 erg/s nach. Dieser Nachweis im Röntgenlicht ist kompatibel mit der Annahme, dass sub-Alfvénische Wechselwirkungen zwischen stellarer Corona und Exoplanet die Ursache für die beobachteten Radiosignale des Sterns sind. Kapitel 6 zielt darauf ab, die hochenergetische Umgebung bekannter Exoplaneten zu charakterisieren und die Massenverlustraten der Planetenatmosphären abzuschätzen. Diese Arbeit basiert auf neu gewonnenen Daten des Instruments für weiche Röntgenstrahlung an Bord der Spectrum Roentgen Gamma (SRG) Mission, eROSITA, und wird komplementiert von Archivdaten von ROSAT, XMM-Newton und Chandra. Mithilfe dieser vier Röntgenquellenkataloge vermessen wir die Röntgenhelligkeit der Zentralsterne von bekannten Exoplanetensytemen im Energiebereich von 0,2-2 keV. Die Ergebnisse sind zusammen mit den errechneten Massenverlustraten von 287 Exoplaneten in einem Katalog zusammengefasst, darunter 96 Planeten, die zum ersten Mal durch neue eROSITA-Nachweise charakterisiert wurden. Bei 14 dieser Erstnachweise handelt es sich um transitierende Exoplaneten, die von ihrem Heimatstern so stark bestrahlt werden, dass beobachtbare Signale, ausgelöst durch die Verdampfung ihrer Atmosphäre, zu erwarten sind. Speziell diese Systeme eignen sich besonders für Folgebeobachtungen. Mit der nächsten Generation von Weltraumobservatorien wird die Röntgentransmissionsspektroskopie von extrasolaren Planetenatmosphären möglich sein, was nie dagewesene Details über die atmosphärische Zusammensetzung dieser Planeten ans Licht bringen wird. In Kapitel 7 modellieren wir Transmissionsspektren mithilfe eines vereinfachten Modells einer Exoplanetenatmosphäre um vorherzusagen, wie Transitbeobachtungen von Exoplaneten mit zukünftigen Röntgenmissionen wie Athena aussehen werden. Wir schätzen dann das beobachtbare Röntgentransmissionsspektrum für einen typischen Exoplaneten vom Typ Hot Jupiter ab, was uns einen Einblick in die zu erwartenden Fortschritte bei der Röntgenbeobachtung von Exoplaneten in den kommenden Jahrzehnten gibt. KW - exoplanets KW - x-rays KW - stellar physics KW - Exoplaneten KW - Röntgenstrahlen KW - stellare Physik Y1 - 2022 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-562152 PB - xiii, 92 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Reiche, Jürgen A1 - Barberka, Thomas Andreas A1 - Janietz, Dietmar A1 - Hofmann, Dieter A1 - Pietsch, Ullrich A1 - Brehmer, Ludwig T1 - X-ray structure investigation and computer modelling of Langmuir-Blodgett films formed from disc-shaped pentaalkines Y1 - 1994 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Miedema, P. S. A1 - Mitzner, Rolf A1 - Ganschow, S. A1 - Föhlisch, Alexander A1 - Beye, Martin T1 - X-ray spectroscopy on the active ion in laser crystals JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - The active ions in typical laser crystals were studied with Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS) and Partial Fluorescence Yield X-ray Absorption (PFY-XAS) spectroscopies as solid state model systems for dilute active centers. We analyzed Ti3+ and Cr3+ in alpha-Al2O3:Ti3+ and LiCaAlF6:Cr3+, respectively. The comparison of experimental data with semi-empirical multiplet calculations provides insights into the electronic structure and shows how measured crystal field energies are related across different spectroscopies. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03026f SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 19 SP - 21800 EP - 21806 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pietsch, Ullrich A1 - Barberka, Thomas Andreas A1 - Geue, Thomas A1 - Stömmer, Ralph T1 - X-ray scattering from thin organic films and multilayers Y1 - 1997 ER -