TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wachs, Sebastian
A1  - Wright, Michelle F.
T1  - The Moderation of online disinhibition and sex on the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration
JF  - Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking
N2  - Online hatred based on attributes, such as origin, race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, has become a rising public concern across the world. Past research on aggressive behavior suggests strong associations between victimization and perpetration and that toxic online disinhibition and sex might influence this relationship. However, no study investigated both the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration and the potential moderation effects of toxic online disinhibition on this relationship. To this end, the present study was conducted. The sample consists of 1,480 7th to 10th graders from Germany. Results revealed positive associations between online hate victimization and perpetration. Furthermore, the results support the idea that toxic online disinhibition and sex, by way of moderator effects, affect the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration. Victims of online hate reported more online hate perpetration when they reported higher levels of online disinhibition and less frequent online hate perpetration when they reported lower levels of toxic online disinhibition. Additionally, the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration was significantly greater among boys than among girls. Taken together, our results extend previous findings to online hate involvement among adolescents and substantiate the importance to conduct more research on online hate. In addition, our findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs that help adolescents deal with the emerging issue of online hate.
KW  - online hate
KW  - hate speech
KW  - online discrimination
KW  - online disinhibition
KW  - victims
KW  - perpetrator
KW  - cyber aggressions
Y1  - 2019
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2018.0551
SN  - 2152-2715
SN  - 2152-2723
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
SP  - 300
EP  - 306
PB  - Liebert
CY  - New Rochelle
ER  -