TY  - JOUR
A1  - Breit, Moritz Lion
A1  - Brunner, Martin
A1  - Preckel, Franzis
T1  - General intelligence and specific cognitive abilities in adolescence
BT  - tests of age differentiation, ability differentiation, and their interaction in two large samples
JF  - Developmental psychology
N2  - Differentiation of intelligence refers to changes in the structure of intelligence that depend on individuals' level of general cognitive ability (ability differentiation hypothesis) or age (developmental differentiation hypothesis). The present article aimed to investigate ability differentiation, developmental differentiation, and their interaction with nonlinear factor analytic models in 2 studies. Study 1 was comprised of a nationally representative sample of 7,127 U.S. students (49.4% female; M-age = 14.51, SD = 1.42, range = 12.08-17.00) who completed the computerized adaptive version of the Armed Service Vocational Aptitude Battery. Study 2 analyzed the norming sample of the Berlin Intelligence Structure Test with 1,506 German students (44% female; M-age = 14.54, SD = 1.35, range = 10.00-18.42). Results of Study 1 supported the ability differentiation hypothesis but not the developmental differentiation hypothesis. Rather, the findings pointed to age-dedifferentiation (i.e., higher correlations between different abilities with increasing age). There was evidence for an interaction between age and ability differentiation, with greater ability differentiation found for older adolescents. Study 2 provided little evidence for ability differentiation but largely replicated the findings for age dedifferentiation and the interaction between age and ability differentiation. The present results provide insight into the complex dynamics underlying the development of intelligence structure during adolescence. Implications for the assessment of intelligence are discussed.
KW  - intelligence
KW  - ability differentiation
KW  - age differentiation
KW  - nonlinear
KW  - factor analysis
KW  - adolescence
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000876
SN  - 0012-1649
SN  - 1939-0599
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
SP  - 364
EP  - 384
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Sallen, Jeffrey
A1  - Hirschmann, Florian
A1  - Herrmann, Christian
T1  - Evaluation and Adaption of the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) for Assessment in Competitive Sports
JF  - Frontiers in psychology
N2  - The demands of a career in competitive sports can lead to chronic stress perception among athletes if there is a non-conformity of requirements and available coping resources. The Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS) (Schulz et al., 2004) is said to be thoroughly validated. Nevertheless, it has not yet been subjected to a confirmatory factor analysis. The present study aims (1) to evaluate the factorial validity of the TICS within the context of competitive sports and (2) to adapt a short version (TICS-36). The total sample consisted of 564 athletes (age in years: M = 19.1, SD = 3.70). The factor structure of the original TICS did not adequately fit the present data, whereas the short version presented a satisfactory fit. The results indicate that the TICS-36 is an economical instrument for gathering interpretable information about chronic stress. For assessment in competitive sports with TICS-36, we generated overall and gender-specific norm values.
KW  - chronic stressors
KW  - mental health
KW  - athletes
KW  - stress measurement
KW  - Olympic sports
KW  - factor analysis
KW  - measurement invariance
Y1  - 2018
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00308
SN  - 1664-1078
VL  - 9
PB  - Frontiers Research Foundation
CY  - Lausanne
ER  -