TY - GEN A1 - Hustedt, Thurid A1 - Salomonsen, Heidi Houlberg T1 - Ensuring political responsiveness BT - politicization mechanisms in ministerial bureaucracies T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Although politicization is a perennial research topic in public administration to investigate relationships between ministers and civil servants, the concept still lacks clarification. This article contributes to this literature by systematically identifying different conceptualizations of politicization and suggests a typology including three politicization mechanisms to strengthen the political responsiveness of the ministerial bureaucracy: formal, functional and administrative politicization. The typology is empirically validated through a comparative case analysis of politicization mechanisms in Germany, Belgium, the UK and Denmark. The empirical analysis further refines the general idea of Western democracies becoming ‘simply’ more politicized, by illustrating how some politicization mechanisms do not continue to increase, but stabilize – at least for the time being. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 387 KW - central administration KW - ministers and civil servants KW - political advisers KW - political responsiveness KW - politicization KW - public administration Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404117 IS - 387 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Nitardy, Aischa A1 - Buhlert, Hermann A1 - Treszl, Andra ́s A1 - Wegscheider, Karl T1 - Effect of cardiac rehabilitation on functional and emotional status in patients after transcatheter aortic-valve implantation T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background Transcatheter aortic-valve implantation (TAVI) is an established alternative therapy in patients with severe aortic stenosis and a high surgical risk. Despite a rapid growth in its use, very few data exist about the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in these patients. We assessed the hypothesis that patients after TAVI benefit from CR, compared to patients after surgical aortic-valve replacement (sAVR). Methods From September 2009 to August 2011, 442 consecutive patients after TAVI (n=76) or sAVR (n=366) were referred to a 3-week CR. Data regarding patient characteristics as well as changes of functional (6-min walk test. 6-MWT), bicycle exercise test), and emotional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) were retrospectively evaluated and compared between groups after propensity score adjustment. Results Patients after TAVI were significantly older (p<0.001), more female (p<0.001), and had more often coronary artery disease (p=0.027), renal failure (p=0.012) and a pacemaker (p=0.032). During CR, distance in 6-MWT (both groups p0.001) and exercise capacity (sAVR p0.001, TAVI p0.05) significantly increased in both groups. Only patients after sAVR demonstrated a significant reduction in anxiety and depression (p0.001). After propensity scores adjustment, changes were not significantly different between sAVR and TAVI, with the exception of 6-MWT (p=0.004). Conclusions Patients after TAVI benefit from cardiac rehabilitation despite their older age and comorbidities. CR is a helpful tool to maintain independency for daily life activities and participation in socio-cultural life. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 385 KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - emotional status KW - functional capacity KW - surgical aortic valve replacement (sAVR) KW - transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404100 IS - 385 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Gitt, Anselm A1 - Jannowitz, Christina A1 - Karoff, Marthin A1 - Karmann, Barbara A1 - Pittrow, David A1 - Reibis, Rona Katharina A1 - Hildemann, Steven T1 - Treatment patterns, risk factor control and functional capacity in patients with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease in the cardiac rehabilitation setting T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a frequent comorbidity among elderly patients and those with cardiovascular disease. CKD carries prognostic relevance. We aimed to describe patient characteristics, risk factor management and control status of patients in cardiac rehabilitation (CR), differentiated by presence or absence of CKD. Design and methods: Data from 92,071 inpatients with adequate information to calculate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) based on the Cockcroft-Gault formula were analyzed at the beginning and the end of a 3-week CR stay. CKD was defined as estimated GFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Results: Compared with non-CKD patients, CKD patients were significantly older (72.0 versus 58.0 years) and more often had diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and atherothrombotic manifestations (previous stroke, peripheral arterial disease), but fewer were current or previous smokers had a CHD family history. Exercise capacity was much lower in CKD (59 vs. 92Watts). Fewer patients with CKD were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), but more had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Patients with CKD compared with non-CKD less frequently received statins, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), clopidogrel, beta blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and more frequently received angiotensin receptor blockers, insulin and oral anticoagulants. In CKD, mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were slightly higher at baseline, while triglycerides were substantially lower. This lipid pattern did not change at the discharge visit, but overall control rates for all described parameters (with the exception of HDL-C) were improved substantially. At discharge, systolic blood pressure (BP) was higher in CKD (124 versus 121 mmHg) and diastolic BP was lower (72 versus 74 mmHg). At discharge, 68.7% of CKD versus 71.9% of non-CKD patients had LDL-C <100 mg/dl. Physical fitness on exercise testing improved substantially in both groups. When the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula was used for CKD classification, there was no clinically relevant change in these results. Conclusion: Within a short period of 3-4 weeks, CR led to substantial improvements in key risk factors such as lipid profile, blood pressure, and physical fitness for all patients, even if CKD was present. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 381 KW - Cardiac rehabilitation KW - registry KW - chronic kidney disease KW - glomerular filtration rate KW - dyslipidemia KW - control rates KW - risk factor KW - lipids Y1 - 2018 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-404065 IS - 381 ER - TY - THES A1 - Hermawan, Romy T1 - Coordination and civil service reform in Indonesia (1999-2009) N2 - The background of civil service reform in Indonesia reveals the emergence of the reformation movement in 1998, following the fall of the authoritarian New Order regime. The reformation movement has seen the introduction of reforms in Indonesia's various governmental institutions, including the civil service. The civil service reforms were marked by the revision of Act 8/ 74 with Act 43 of 1999 on Civil Service Administration. The implementation of the civil service reform program, which was carried out by both central and local governments, required cooperation between the actors (in particular, Ministries, agencies and local governments), known as coordination. Currently, the coordination that occurs between actors tends to be rigid and hierarchical. As a result, targets are not efficiently and effectively met. Hierarchical coordination, without a strong public sector infrastructure, tends to have a negative impact on achieving the desired outcomes of the civil service reform program. As an intrinsic part of the New Order regime, hierarchical coordination resulted in inefficiency and lack of efficacy. Despite these inefficiencies, the administration and the political environment have changed significantly as a result of the reform process. Obvious examples of the reforms are changes in recruitment patterns, placement and remuneration policies. However, in the case of Indonesia, it appears that every state institution has its own policy. Thus, it appears that there has not been policy coherence in the civil service reform program, resulting in the lack of a sustainable program. The important thing to examine is how the coordination mechanisms of the civil service reform program in the central government have developed during the reform era in Indonesia The purpose of this study is to analyse the linkages between coordination mechanisms and the actual implementation of civil service reform programs. This is undertaken as a basis for intervention based on the structures and patterns of coordination mechanisms in the implementation of civil service reform programs. The next step is to formulate the development coordination mechanisms, particularly to create structures and patterns of civil service reforms which are more sustainable to the specific characteristics of public sector organisations in Indonesia. The benefits of this research are a stronger understanding of the linkages between the mechanisms of coordination and implementation of civil service reform programs. Through this analysis, the findings can then be applied as a basic consideration in planning a sustainable civil service reform program. In the basis of theoretical issues concerning the linkages between coordination mechanisms and implementation of civil service reform program sustainability, this book explores the type of coordination, which is needed to test the proportional and sustainable concept of the intended civil service reform program in Indonesia. Research conducted through studies, surveys and donors has shown that poor coordination is the major hindrance to the civil service program reform in Indonesia. This research employs a qualitative approach. In this study, the coordination mechanisms and implementations of civil service reform programs are demonstrated by means of case studies of the State Ministry for Administrative Reform, the National Civil Service Agency and the National Public Administration Institute. The coordination mechanisms in these Ministries and agencies were analysed using indicators of effective and efficient coordination. The analysis of the coordination mechanisms shows a tendency towards rigid hierarchical coordination. This raises concerns about fragmentation among departments and agencies at the central government level and calls for integrated civil service reform both at central and local governmental levels. In the context of implementation programs, a hierarchical mechanism of coordination leverages on various aspects, such as the program formulation, implementation flow of the program, the impact of policies, and achievement targets. In particular, there was a shift process of the mainstream civil service reform in the Ministries and agencies which are marked by the emergence of sectoral interest and inefficiencies in the civil service reform program. The primary result of successful civil service reform is increased professionalism in the civil service. The findings on hierarchical mechanisms and the prescriptions which will follow show that the professionalism of Indonesia’s civil service is at stake. The implementation of the program through coordination mechanisms in Ministries and agencies is measured in various dimensions: the centre of coordination, integration of coordination, sustainability of coordination and multidimensionality of coordination. The results of this analysis show that coordination mechanisms and the implementation of civil service reform are more successful when they are integration rather than hierarchical mechanisms. For a successful implementation of the reform program, it is crucial to intervene and change the type of coordination at the central government through the integration approach (hierarchy, market, and network). Furthermore, in order to move towards the integration type mechanism of coordination the separation of the administration and politics in the practice of good governance needs to be carried out immediately and simultaneously. Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the integration type mechanism of coordination is a suitable for Indonesia for a sustainable civil service reform program. Finally, to achieve coherent civil service reforms, national policies developed according to the central government's priorities are indispensable, establishing a coordination mechanism that can be adhered to throughout all reform sectors. N2 - Seit dem Sturz des autoritären und dem Wechsel zum Regime des „New Order“ im Jahre 1998 haben die Reformbemühungen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Indonesien stark zugenommen. Ihren Ursprung nahmen sie mit der Revision des Gesetzes 8/74 und 43 im Jahre 1999 betreffend die Grundlagen der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Implementiert wurde die Reform sowohl durch die Zentralregierung als auch durch die Lokalregierungen. Jedoch erforderte die Implementierung dieses Programmes auch die Zusammenarbeit bzw. die Koordination verschiedener Akteure, wie beispielsweise Ministerien, Behörden, und Lokalregierungen. Die gegenwärtige Koordination zwischen diesen Akteuren ist rigide und hierarchisch. Daraus ergibt sich, dass die gesteckten Ziele nicht effizient und effektiv erreicht werden. Hierarchische Koordination ohne eine gefestigte Verwaltungsstruktur verhindert die Umsetzung des Reformprogrammes. Als intrinsisches Merkmal des „New Order“ Regimes führt die hierarchische Koordination zur Ineffizienz und einem Mangel an Effektivität. Trotz dieser Ineffizienzen haben die Reformen zu signifikanten Veränderungen in der Verwaltung und im politischen Umfeld geführt. Offensichtliche Beispiele der Verwaltungsreform sind Änderungen in der Einstellungs-, Beförderungs- und Entlohnungspraxis. Im Falle Indonesiens jedoch scheint jede einzelne Institution ihr eigenes Regelwerk zu besitzen. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass das Verwaltungsreformprogramm keine allzu große Kohärenz aufgewiesen hat. Es ist hierbei wichtig zu untersuchen wie die Koordinationsmechanismen dieses Programmes sich nach der Reformära in Indonesien entwickelt haben. Diese Studie hat die Absicht, die Verbindungen zwischen den Koordinationsmechanismen und den tatsächlichen Durchführung des Reformprogrammes der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu analysieren. Offensichtlich zeichnete sich dieseweder durch Kohärenz noch eine nachhaltige Implementierung aus. Es ist nun wichtig, eine Richtung zu bestimmen, wie die Koordinationsmechanismen sich entwickeln müssten um Strukturen und Mechanismen zu schaffen, die besser zu den spezifischen Charakteristiken der öffentlichen Verwaltungen in Indonesien passen. Diese Untersuchung trägt dazu bei, die Zusammenhänge zwischen Koordinationsmechanismen und des tatsächlichen Implementationserfolges von Reformprogrammen der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu verstehen. Ein solches Analyseergebnis kann dann zu nachhaltigen Reformbemühungen beitragen. Ausgehend von theoretischen Überlegungen bezüglich der Verbindung von Koordinationsmechanismen und der Implementierung von Reformprogrammen der öffentlichen Verwaltung, erforscht diese Studie verschiedene Aspekte des Koordinationstypus, der notwendig scheint, um das verhältnismäßige und nachhaltigeKonzept des beabsichtigten Reformprogrammes in Indonesien zu testen. Bisherige Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Koordination zeigt, dass das größte Hindernis für ein erfolgreiches Reformprogramm der öffentlichen Verwaltung ein Mangel an Koordination ist. Diese Studie wählt einen qualitativen Ansatz. Sie zeigt die Koordinationsmechanismen bei der Implementation von Reformprogrammen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung an den Fallbeispielen des „Staatsministeriums für Administrative Reformen“, der „Nationalen Agentur für den Öffentlichen Dienst“ und des „Nationalen Instituts für die Öffentliche Verwaltung“. Die Koordinationsmechanismen dieser Ministerien und Institute wurden dabei auf Grundlage von Indikatoren für effektive und effiziente Koordination untersucht. Die Analyse zeit tendenziell, dass die Koordination einerigide und hierarchische Form annimmt. Dies lässt Bedenken über die Fragmentierung der Abteilungen und Agenturen der Zentralregierung aufkommen und verdeutlicht die Notwendigkeit einer integrierten Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung sowohl auf der Ebene der Zentralregierung als auch der Lokalregierungen. Im Kontext der Implementierungsbemühungen berührt eine hierarchische Koordination verschiedene Aspekte wie zum Beispiel die Formulierung des Programmes, der Ablauf der Implementation, der Einfluss des Regelwerks und die Erreichung der gesteckten Ziele. Insbesondere konnte beobachtet werden, dass sich der grundlegende Verwaltungsprozesses in den Ministerien und den Agenturen verlagert hat, was sich durch die Verstärkung sektoraler Interessen und zunehmender Ineffizienzen des Reformprogrammes ausdrückt. Das derzeitige Ergebnis ist im Wesentlichen eine zunehmende Professionalisierung des öffentlichen Dienstes. Die Befunde über hierarchische Mechanismen und die danach folgenden Vorgaben stellen die Professionalität des öffentlichen Dienstes in Indonesien in Frage. Die Implementierung des Reformprogrammes durch Koordinationsmechanismen in Ministerien und Agenturen werden auf mehreren Dimensionen gemessen: der Ausgangspunkt der Koordination, ihre Einbindung, Nachhaltigkeit und Mehrdimensionalität. Die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse zeigen, dass integrative Koordinationsmechanismen und Implementationen erfolgreicher sind als hierarchische. Um das restliche Reformprogramm erfolgreich zu einem Ende zu bringen, erscheint es wesentlich einzugreifen und die vorherrschende Koordination in der Zentralregierung durch einen integrativen Ansatz zu ersetzen (Hierarchie, Markt, Netzwerk). Darüber hinaus muss, um dies zu erreichen, die Trennung von Verwaltung und Politik im Sinne der guten Regierungsführung gleichzeitig umgesetzt werden. Auf Grundlage dieser Analyse kann gefolgert werden, dass der integrative Ansatz bei der Koordination geeignet erscheint, um das Reformprogramm der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Indonesien umzusetzen. Schlussendlich, um eine einheitliche Reform der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu erreichen bedarf es einer zentralen Koordinationsstrategie der Zentralregierung, die einheitlich in allen Reformsektoren befolgt wird. KW - Indonesien KW - Verwaltungsreform KW - Geschichte 1999-2009 KW - Coordination KW - Civil Service Reform KW - Bureaucracy Y1 - 2014 SN - 978-602-284-061-9 PB - Center of South South Cooperation Studies, Univ. CY - Brawijaya ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Wolff, Wanja A1 - Thieme, Detlef T1 - Using response-time latencies to measure athletes’ doping attitudes BT - the brief implicit attitude test identifies substance abuse in bodybuilders N2 - Background: Knowing and, if necessary, altering competitive athletes' real attitudes towards the use of banned performance-enhancing substances is an important goal of worldwide doping prevention efforts. However athletes will not always be willing to reporting their real opinions. Reaction time-based attitude tests help conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant and impede strategic answering. This study investigated how well a reaction time-based attitude test discriminated between athletes who were doping and those who were not. We investigated whether athletes whose urine samples were positive for at least one banned substance (dopers) evaluated doping more favorably than clean athletes (non-dopers). Methods: We approached a group of 61 male competitive bodybuilders and collected urine samples for biochemical testing. The pictorial doping Brief Implicit Association Test (BIAT) was used for attitude measurement. This test quantifies the difference in response latencies (in milliseconds) to stimuli representing related concepts (i.e. doping-dislike/like-[health food]). Results: Prohibited substances were found in 43% of all tested urine samples. Dopers had more lenient attitudes to doping than non-dopers (Hedges's g = -0.76). D-scores greater than -0.57 (CI95 = -0.72 to -0.46) might be indicative of a rather lenient attitude to doping. In urine samples evidence of administration of combinations of substances, complementary administration of substances to treat side effects and use of stimulants to promote loss of body fat was common. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that athletes' attitudes to doping can be assessed indirectly with a reaction time-based test, and that their attitudes are related to their behavior. Although bodybuilders may be more willing to reveal their attitude to doping than other athletes, these results still provide evidence that the pictorial doping BIAT may be useful in athletes from other sports, perhaps as a complementary measure in evaluations of the effectiveness of doping prevention interventions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 361 KW - steroid use KW - psychology KW - doping tests KW - biochemical profiles Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401430 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Schedina, Ina Maria A1 - Hartmann, Stefanie A1 - Groth, Detlef A1 - Schlupp, Ingo A1 - Tiedemann, Ralph T1 - Comparative analysis of the gonadal transcriptomes of the all-female species Poecilia formosa and its maternal ancestor Poecilia mexicana N2 - Background The Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa (Teleostei: Poeciliinae) is an unisexual, all-female species. It evolved through the hybridisation of two closely related sexual species and exhibits clonal reproduction by sperm dependent parthenogenesis (or gynogenesis) where the sperm of a parental species is only used to activate embryogenesis of the apomictic, diploid eggs but does not contribute genetic material to the offspring. Here we provide and describe the first de novo assembled transcriptome of the Amazon molly in comparison with its maternal ancestor, the Atlantic molly Poecilia mexicana. The transcriptome data were produced through sequencing of single end libraries (100 bp) with the Illumina sequencing technique. Results 83,504,382 reads for the Amazon molly and 81,625,840 for the Atlantic molly were assembled into 127,283 and 78,961 contigs for the Amazon molly and the Atlantic molly, respectively. 63% resp. 57% of the contigs could be annotated with gene ontology terms after sequence similarity comparisons. Furthermore, we were able to identify genes normally involved in reproduction and especially in meiosis also in the transcriptome dataset of the apomictic reproducing Amazon molly. Conclusions We assembled and annotated the transcriptome of a non-model organism, the Amazon molly, without a reference genome (de novo). The obtained dataset is a fundamental resource for future research in functional and expression analysis. Also, the presence of 30 meiosis-specific genes within a species where no meiosis is known to take place is remarkable and raises new questions for future research. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 404 Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401420 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Golle, Kathleen A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Hoffmann, Martin A1 - Wick, Ditmar A1 - Mühlbauer, Thomas T1 - Effect of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness in children BT - a 4 year longitudinal study N2 - Background: Cross-sectional studies detected associations between physical fitness, living area, and sports participation in children. Yet, their scientific value is limited because the identification of cause-and-effect relationships is not possible. In a longitudinal approach, we examined the effects of living area and sports club participation on physical fitness development in primary school children from classes 3 to 6. Methods: One-hundred and seventy-two children (age: 9-12 years; sex: 69 girls, 103 boys) were tested for their physical fitness (i.e., endurance [9-min run], speed [50-m sprint], lower- [triple hop] and upper-extremity muscle strength [1-kg ball push], flexibility [stand-and-reach], and coordination [star coordination run]). Living area (i.e., urban or rural) and sports club participation were assessed using parent questionnaire. Results: Over the 4 year study period, urban compared to rural children showed significantly better performance development for upper- (p = 0.009, ES = 0.16) and lower-extremity strength (p < 0.001, ES = 0.22). Further, significantly better performance development were found for endurance (p = 0.08, ES = 0.19) and lower-extremity strength (p = 0.024, ES = 0.23) for children continuously participating in sports clubs compared to their non-participating peers. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that sport club programs with appealing arrangements appear to represent a good means to promote physical fitness in children living in rural areas. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 360 KW - motor performance KW - youth KW - primary school KW - maturation Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401418 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brand, Ralf A1 - Heck, Philipp A1 - Ziegler, Matthias T1 - Illegal performance enhancing drugs and doping in sport BT - a picture-based brief implicit association test for measuring athletes' attitudes N2 - Background: Doping attitude is a key variable in predicting athletes' intention to use forbidden performance enhancing drugs. Indirect reaction-time based attitude tests, such as the implicit association test, conceal the ultimate goal of measurement from the participant better than questionnaires. Indirect tests are especially useful when socially sensitive constructs such as attitudes towards doping need to be described. The present study serves the development and validation of a novel picture-based brief implicit association test (BIAT) for testing athletes' attitudes towards doping in sport. It shall provide the basis for a transnationally compatible research instrument able to harmonize anti-doping research efforts. Method: Following a known-group differences validation strategy, the doping attitudes of 43 athletes from bodybuilding (representative for a highly doping prone sport) and handball (as a contrast group) were compared using the picture-based doping-BIAT. The Performance Enhancement Attitude Scale (PEAS) was employed as a corresponding direct measure in order to additionally validate the results. Results: As expected, in the group of bodybuilders, indirectly measured doping attitudes as tested with the picture-based doping-BIAT were significantly less negative (eta(2) = .11). The doping-BIAT and PEAS scores correlated significantly at r = .50 for bodybuilders, and not significantly at r = .36 for handball players. There was a low error rate (7%) and a satisfactory internal consistency (r(dagger dagger) = .66) for the picture-based doping-BIAT. Conclusions: The picture-based doping-BIAT constitutes a psychometrically tested method, ready to be adopted by the international research community. The test can be administered via the internet. All test material is available "open source". The test might be implemented, for example, as a new effect-measure in the evaluation of prevention programs. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 359 KW - doping attitude KW - bodybuilding KW - indirect test KW - implicit attitude test (IAT) KW - methodology Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-401404 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Noiray, Aude A1 - Iskarous, Khalil A1 - Whalen, Douglas H. T1 - Variability in English vowels is comparable in articulation and acoustics T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - The nature of the links between speech production and perception has been the subject of longstanding debate. The present study investigated the articulatory parameter of tongue height and the acoustic F1–F0 difference for the phonological distinction of vowel height in American English front vowels. Multiple repetitions of /i, ɪ, e, ɛ, æ/ in [(h)Vd] sequences were recorded in seven adult speakers. Articulatory (ultrasound) and acoustic data were collected simultaneously to provide a direct comparison of variability in vowel production in both domains. Results showed idiosyncratic patterns of articulation for contrasting the three front vowel pairs /i-ɪ/, /e-ɛ/, and /ɛ-æ/ across subjects, with the degree of variability in vowel articulation comparable to that observed in the acoustics for all seven participants. However, contrary to what was expected, some speakers showed reversals for tongue height for /ɪ/-/e/ that were also reflected in acoustics, with F1 higher for /ɪ/ than for /e/. The data suggest the phonological distinction of height is conveyed via speaker-specific articulatory-acoustic patterns that do not strictly match features descriptions. However, the acoustic signal is faithful to the articulatory configuration that generated it, carrying the crucial information for perceptual contrast. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 137 KW - Speech motor control KW - American-english KW - Normalization procedures KW - Regional varieties KW - Movements KW - Dynamics KW - Behavior KW - Speakers KW - Tongue KW - Context Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399196 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 137 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Brunner, Jana A1 - Geng, Christian A1 - Sotiropoulou, Stavroula A1 - Gafos, Adamantios I. T1 - Timing of German onset and word boundary clusters T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe N2 - Previous studies suggest that there are special timing relations in syllable onsets. The consonants are assumed to be timed, on the one hand, with the vocalic nucleus and, on the other hand, with each other. These competing timing relations result in the C-center effect. However, the C-center effect has not consistently been found in languages with complex onsets. Moreover, it has occasionally been found in languages disallowing complex onsets. The present study investigates onset timing in German while discussing alternative explanations (not related to bonding) for the timing patterns observed. Six German speakers were recorded via Electromagnetic Articulography. The corpus contained items with four clusters (/sk/, /kv/, /gl/, and /pl/). The clusters occur in word-initial position, word-medial position, and across a word boundary preceding different vowels. The results suggest that segmental properties (i.e., oral-laryngeal coordination, coarticulatory resistance) determine the observed timing patterns, and specifically the absence or presence of the C-center effect. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe - 136 KW - C-center KW - gestural coordination KW - coarticulatory resistance Y1 - 2017 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-399178 SN - 1866-8380 IS - 136 ER -