TY - JOUR A1 - Ma, Jianli A1 - Li, Qi A1 - Kühn, Michael A1 - Nakaten, Natalie Christine T1 - Power-to-gas based subsurface energy storage BT - a review JF - Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews N2 - The Renewable energy power generation capacity has been rapidly increasing in China recently. Meanwhile, the contradiction between power supply and demand is becoming increasingly more prominent due to the intermittence of renewable energies. On the other hand, on the mitigation of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China needs immediate attention. Power-to-Gas (PtG), a chemical energy storage technology, can convert surplus electricity into combustible gases. Subsurface energy storage can meet the requirements of long term storage with its large capacity. This paper provides a discussion of the entire PtG energy storage technology process and the current research progress. Based on the comparative study of different geological storage schemes for synthetic methane, their respective research progress and limitations are noted. In addition, a full investigation of the distribution and implementation of global PtG and CO2 capture and storage (CCS) demonstration projects is performed. Subsequently, the opportunities and challenges of the development of this technology in China are discussed based on techno-economic and ecological effects analysis. While PtG is expected to be a revolutionary technology that will replace traditional power systems, the main issues of site selection, energy efficiency and the economy still need to be adequately addressed. Additionally, based on the comprehensive discussion of the results of the analysis, power-to-gas and subsurface energy storage implementation strategies, as well as outlook in China are presented. KW - Renewable energy KW - Power-to-Gas KW - Subsurface energy storage KW - Underground gas storage KW - Carbon dioxide KW - Methane Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.056 SN - 1364-0321 VL - 97 SP - 478 EP - 496 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gosling, William D. A1 - Julier, Adele C. M. A1 - Adu-Bredu, Stephen A1 - Djagbletey, Gloria D. A1 - Fraser, Wesley T. A1 - Jardine, Phillip E. A1 - Lomax, Barry H. A1 - Malhi, Yadvinder A1 - Manu, Emmanuel A. A1 - Mayle, Francis E. A1 - Moore, Sam T1 - Pollen-vegetation richness and diversity relationships in the tropics JF - Vegetation History and Archaeobotany N2 - Tracking changes in biodiversity through time requires an understanding of the relationship between modern diversity and how this diversity is preserved in the fossil record. Fossil pollen is one way in which past vegetation diversity can be reconstructed. However, there is limited understanding of modern pollen-vegetation diversity relationships from biodiverse tropical ecosystems. Here, pollen (palynological) richness and diversity (Hill N (1)) are compared with vegetation richness and diversity from forest and savannah ecosystems in the New World and Old World tropics (Neotropics and Palaeotropics). Modern pollen data were obtained from artificial pollen traps deployed in 1-ha vegetation study plots from which vegetation inventories had been completed in Bolivia and Ghana. Pollen counts were obtained from 15 to 22 traps per plot, and aggregated pollen sums for each plot were > 2,500. The palynological richness/diversity values from the Neotropics were moist evergreen forest = 86/6.8, semi-deciduous dry forest = 111/21.9, wooded savannah = 138/31.5, and from the Palaeotropics wet evergreen forest = 144/28.3, semi-deciduous moist forest = 104/4.4, forest-savannah transition = 121/14.1; the corresponding vegetation richness/diversity was 100/36.7, 80/38.7 and 71/39.4 (Neotropics), and 101/54.8, 87/45.5 and 71/34.5 (Palaeotropics). No consistent relationship was found between palynological richness/diversity, and plot vegetation richness/diversity, due to the differential influence of other factors such as landscape diversity, pollination strategy, and pollen source area. Palynological richness exceeded vegetation richness, while pollen diversity was lower than vegetation diversity. The relatively high global diversity of tropical vegetation was found to be reflected in the pollen rain. KW - Neotropics KW - Palaeotropics KW - Palynology KW - Pollen trap KW - Forest-savannah KW - Savanna Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00334-017-0642-y SN - 0939-6314 SN - 1617-6278 VL - 27 IS - 2 SP - 411 EP - 418 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Boldt-Burisch, Katja A1 - Naeth, M. Anne A1 - Schneider, Uwe A1 - Schneider, Beate A1 - Hüttl, Reinhard F. T1 - Plant growth and arbuscular mycorrhizae development in oil sands processing by-products JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Soil pollutants such as hydrocarbons can induce toxic effects in plants and associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This study was conducted to evaluate if the legume Lotus corniculatus and the grass Elymus trachycaulus and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could grow in two oil sands processing by-products after bitumen extraction from the oil sands in northern Alberta, Canada. Substrate treatments were coarse tailings sand (CTS), a mix of dry mature fine tailings (MFT) with CTS (1: 1) and Pleistocene sandy soil (hydrocarbon free); microbial treatments were without AMF, with AMF and AMF plus soil bacteria isolated from oil sands reclamation sites. Plant biomass, root morphology, leaf water content, shoot tissue phosphorus content and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. Both plant species had reduced growth in CTS and tailings mix relative to sandy soil. AMF frequency and intensity in roots of E. trachycaulus was not influenced by soil hydrocarbons; however, it decreased significantly over time in roots of L. corniculatus without bacteria in CTS. Mycorrhizal inoculation alone did not significantly improve plant growth in CTS and tailings mix; however, inoculation with mycorrhizae plus bacteria led to a significantly positive response of both plant species in CTS. Thus, combined inoculation with selected mycorrhizae and bacteria led to synergistic effects. Such combinations may be used in future to improve plant growth in reclamation of CTS and tailings mix. KW - Lotus corniculatus KW - Elymus trachycaulus KW - Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) KW - Root morphology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.188 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 621 SP - 30 EP - 39 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - THES A1 - Brell, Maximilian T1 - Physically based fusion of airborne hyperspectral and lidar data BT - towards a holistic structural and spectral object characterization Y1 - 2018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Masyagina, Oxana. V. A1 - Evgrafova, S. Yu A1 - Bugaenko, T. N. A1 - Kholodilova, V. V. A1 - Krivobokov, L. A1 - Korets, M. A. A1 - Wagner, Dirk T1 - Permafrost landslides promote soil CO2 emission and hinder C accumulation JF - The science of the total environment : an international journal for scientific research into the environment and its relationship with man N2 - Landslides arc common in high-latitude forest ecosystems that have developed on permafrost. The most vulnerable areas in the permafrost territories of Siberia occur on the south-facing slopes of northern rivers, where they arc observed on about 20% of the total area of river slopes. Landslide disturbances will likely increase with climate change especially due to increasing summer-autumn precipitation. These processes are the most destructive natural disturbance agent and lead to the complete removal of pre-slide forest ecosystems (vegetation cover and soil). To evaluate postsliding ecosystem succession, we undertook integrated ecological research at landslides of different age classes along the Nizhnyaya Tunguska River and the Kochechum River (Tura, Krasnoyarsk region, Russia). Just after the event (at the one-year-old site), we registered a drop in soil respiration, a threefold lower microbial respiration rate, and a fourfold smaller mineral soil carbon and nitrogen stock at bare soil (melkozem) plots at the middle location of the site as compared with the non affected control site. The recovery of disturbed areas began with the re-establishment of plant cover and the following accumulation of an organic soil layer. During the 35-year succession (L1972), the accumulated layer (0 layer)at the oldest site contained similar C- and N stocks to those found at the control sites. However, the mineral soil C- and N stocks and the microbial biomass even of the oldest landslide area- did not reach the value of these parameters in control plots. Later, the soil respiration level and the eco-physiological status of soil microbiota also recovered due to these changes. This study demonstrates that the recovery after landslides in permafrost forests takes several decades. In addition, the degradation of permafrost due to landslides clearly hinders the accumulation of soil organic matter in the mineral soil. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.v. All rights reserved. KW - Landslides KW - Soil microorganisms KW - Permafrost KW - Soil C- and N stocks KW - Boreal ecosystems KW - Soil respiration Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.468 SN - 0048-9697 SN - 1879-1026 VL - 657 SP - 351 EP - 364 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bernhard, Nadine A1 - Moskwa, Lisa-Marie A1 - Schmidt, Karsten A1 - Oeser, Ralf Andreas A1 - Aburto, Felipe A1 - Bader, Maaike Y. A1 - Baumann, Karen A1 - von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm A1 - Boy, Jens A1 - van den Brink, Liesbeth A1 - Brucker, Emanuel A1 - Buedel, Burkhard A1 - Canessa, Rafaella A1 - Dippold, Michaela A. A1 - Ehlers, Todd A1 - Fuentes, Juan P. A1 - Godoy, Roberto A1 - Jung, Patrick A1 - Karsten, Ulf A1 - Koester, Moritz A1 - Kuzyakov, Yakov A1 - Leinweber, Peter A1 - Neidhardt, Harald A1 - Matus, Francisco A1 - Mueller, Carsten W. A1 - Oelmann, Yvonne A1 - Oses, Romulo A1 - Osses, Pablo A1 - Paulino, Leandro A1 - Samolov, Elena A1 - Schaller, Mirjam A1 - Schmid, Manuel A1 - Spielvogel, Sandra A1 - Spohn, Marie A1 - Stock, Svenja A1 - Stroncik, Nicole A1 - Tielboerger, Katja A1 - Uebernickel, Kirstin A1 - Scholten, Thomas A1 - Seguel, Oscar A1 - Wagner, Dirk A1 - Kühn, Peter T1 - Pedogenic and microbial interrelations to regional climate and local topography BT - New insights from a climate gradient (arid to humid) along the Coastal Cordillera of Chile JF - Catena : an interdisciplinary journal of soil science, hydrology, geomorphology focusing on geoecology and landscape evolution N2 - The effects of climate and topography on soil physico-chemical and microbial parameters were studied along an extensive latitudinal climate gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile (26 degrees-38 degrees S). The study sites encompass arid (Pan de Azucar), semiarid (Santa Gracia), mediterranean (La Campana) and humid (Nahuelbuta) climates and vegetation, ranging from arid desert, dominated by biological soil crusts (biocrusts), semiarid shrubland and mediterranean sclerophyllous forest, where biocrusts are present but do have a seasonal pattern to temperate-mixed forest, where biocrusts only occur as an early pioneering development stage after disturbance. All soils originate from granitic parent materials and show very strong differences in pedogenesis intensity and soil depth. Most of the investigated physical, chemical and microbiological soil properties showed distinct trends along the climate gradient. Further, abrupt changes between the arid northernmost study site and the other semi-arid to humid sites can be shown, which indicate non-linearity and thresholds along the climate gradient. Clay and total organic carbon contents (TOC) as well as Ah horizons and solum depths increased from arid to humid climates, whereas bulk density (BD), pH values and base saturation (BS) decreased. These properties demonstrate the accumulation of organic matter, clay formation and element leaching as key-pedogenic processes with increasing humidity. However, the soils in the northern arid climate do not follow this overall latitudinal trend, because texture and BD are largely controlled by aeolian input of dust and sea salts spray followed by the formation of secondary evaporate minerals. Total soil DNA concentrations and TOC increased from arid to humid sites, while areal coverage by biocrusts exhibited an opposite trend. Relative bacterial and archaeal abundances were lower in the arid site, but for the other sites the local variability exceeds the variability along the climate gradient. Differences in soil properties between topographic positions were most pronounced at the study sites with the mediterranean and humid climate, whereas microbial abundances were independent on topography across all study sites. In general, the regional climate is the strongest controlling factor for pedogenesis and microbial parameters in soils developed from the same parent material. Topographic position along individual slopes of limited length augmented this effect only under humid conditions, where water erosion likely relocated particles and elements downward. The change from alkaline to neutral soil pH between the arid and the semi-arid site coincided with qualitative differences in soil formation as well as microbial habitats. This also reflects non-linear relationships of pedogenic and microbial processes in soils depending on climate with a sharp threshold between arid and semi-arid conditions. Therefore, the soils on the transition between arid and semi-arid conditions are especially sensitive and may be well used as indicators of long and medium-term climate changes. Concluding, the unique latitudinal precipitation gradient in the Coastal Cordillera of Chile is predestined to investigate the effects of the main soil forming factor - climate - on pedogenic processes. KW - Climate KW - Topography KW - Soil texture KW - Total organic carbon KW - Carbon isotope ratio (delta C-13(TOC)) KW - Microbial abundance Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.06.018 SN - 0341-8162 SN - 1872-6887 VL - 170 SP - 335 EP - 355 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Diaz, Nathalie A1 - Dietrich, Fabienne A1 - Sebag, David A1 - King, Georgina E. A1 - Valla, Pierre G. A1 - Durand, Alain A1 - Garcin, Yannick A1 - de Saulie, Geoffroy A1 - Deschamps, Pierre A1 - Herman, Frederic A1 - Verrecchia, Eric P. T1 - Pedo-sedimentary constituents as paleoenvironmental proxies in the Sudano-Sahelian belt during the Late Quaternary (southwestern Chad Basin) JF - Quaternary science reviews : the international multidisciplinary research and review journal N2 - Climate and environmental changes since the Last Glacial Maximum in the tropical zone of West Africa are usually inferred from marine and continental records. In this study, the potential of carbonate pedo-sedimentary geosystems, i.e. Vertisol relics, to record paleoenvironmental changes in the southwestern part of Chad Basin are investigated. A multi-dating approach was applied on different pedogenic organo-mineral constituents. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was performed on the soil K-rich feldspars and was combined with radiocarbon dating on both the inorganic (C-14(inorg)) and organic carbon (C-14(org)) soil fractions. Three main pedo-sedimentary processes were assessed over the last 20 ka BP: 1) the soil parent material deposition, from 18 ka to 12 ka BP (OSL), 2) the soil organic matter integration, from 11 cal ka to 8 cal ka BP (C-14(org)), and 3) the pedogenic carbonate nodule precipitation, from 7 cal ka to 5 cal ka BP (C-14(inorg)). These processes correlate well with the Chad Basin stratigraphy and West African records and are shown to be related to significant changes in the soil water balance responding to the evolution of continental hydrology during the Late Quaternary. The last phase affecting the Vertisol relics is the increase of erosion, which is hypothesized to be due to a decrease of the vegetation cover triggered by (i) the onset of drier conditions, possibly strengthened by (ii) anthropogenic pressure. Archaeological data from Far North Cameroon and northern Nigeria, as well as sedimentation times in Lake Tilla (northeastern Nigeria), were used to test these relationships. The increase of erosion is suggested to possibly occur between c. 3 cal ka and 1 cal ka BP. Finally, satellite images revealed similar geosystems all along the Sudano-Sahelian belt, and initial C-14(inorg) ages of the samples collected in four sites gave similar ages to those reported in this study. Consequently, the carbonate pedo-sedimentary geosystems are valuable continental paleoenvironmental archives and soil water balance proxies of the semiarid tropics of West Africa. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. KW - Pedogenic carbonate nodules KW - Vertisol genesis KW - Soil water balance KW - Optical methods KW - Radiogenic isotopes KW - Quaternary KW - Monsoon KW - Western Africa Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.05.022 SN - 0277-3791 VL - 191 SP - 348 EP - 362 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Leach, Taylor H. A1 - Beisner, Beatrix E. A1 - Carey, Cayelan C. A1 - Pernica, Patricia A1 - Rose, Kevin C. A1 - Huot, Yannick A1 - Brentrup, Jennifer A. A1 - Domaizon, Isabelle A1 - Grossart, Hans-Peter A1 - Ibelings, Bastiaan W. A1 - Jacquet, Stephan A1 - Kelly, Patrick T. A1 - Rusak, James A. A1 - Stockwell, Jason D. A1 - Straile, Dietmar A1 - Verburg, Piet T1 - Patterns and drivers of deep chlorophyll maxima structure in 100 lakes BT - the relative importance of light and thermal stratification JF - Limnology and oceanography N2 - The vertical distribution of chlorophyll in stratified lakes and reservoirs frequently exhibits a maximum peak deep in the water column, referred to as the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM). DCMs are ecologically important hot spots of primary production and nutrient cycling, and their location can determine vertical habitat gradients for primary consumers. Consequently, the drivers of DCM structure regulate many characteristics of aquatic food webs and biogeochemistry. Previous studies have identified light and thermal stratification as important drivers of summer DCM depth, but their relative importance across a broad range of lakes is not well resolved. We analyzed profiles of chlorophyll fluorescence, temperature, and light during summer stratification from 100 lakes in the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network (GLEON) and quantified two characteristics of DCM structure: depth and thickness. While DCMs do form in oligotrophic lakes, we found that they can also form in eutrophic to dystrophic lakes. Using a random forest algorithm, we assessed the relative importance of variables associated with light attenuation vs. thermal stratification for predicting DCM structure in lakes that spanned broad gradients of morphometry and transparency. Our analyses revealed that light attenuation was a more important predictor of DCM depth than thermal stratification and that DCMs deepen with increasing lake clarity. DCM thickness was best predicted by lake size with larger lakes having thicker DCMs. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the relative importance of light and thermal stratification on DCM structure is not uniform across a diversity of lake types. Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10656 SN - 0024-3590 SN - 1939-5590 VL - 63 IS - 2 SP - 628 EP - 646 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ferrero, Silvio A1 - Godard, Gaston A1 - Palmeri, Rosaria A1 - Wunder, Bernd A1 - Cesare, Bernardo T1 - Partial melting of ultramafic granulites from Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica BT - constraints from melt inclusions and thermodynamic modeling JF - American mineralogist : an international journal of earth and planetary materials N2 - In the Pan-African belt of the Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, crystallized melt inclusions (nanogranitoids) occur in garnet from ultramafic granulites. The granulites contain the peak assemblage pargasite+garnet+clinopyroxene with rare relict orthopyroxene and biotite, and retrograde symplectites at contacts between garnet and amphibole. Garnet contains two generations of melt inclusions. Type 1 inclusions, interpreted as primary, are isolated, < 10 mu m in size, and generally have negative crystal shapes. They contain kokchetavite, kumdykolite, and phlogopite, with quartz and zoisite as minor phases, and undevitrified glass was identified in one inclusion. Type 2 inclusions are < 30 mu m in size, secondary, and contain amphibole, feldspars, and zoisite. Type 2 inclusions appear to be the crystallization products of a melt that coexisted with an immiscible CO2-rich fluid. The nanogranitoids were re-homogenized after heating in a piston-cylinder in a series of four experiments to investigate their composition. The conditions ranged between 900 and 950 degrees C at 1.5-2.4 GPa. Type 1 inclusions are trachytic and ultrapotassic, whereas type 2 melts are dacitic to rhyolitic. Thermodynamic modeling of the ultramafic composition in the MnNCKFMASHTO system shows that anatexis occurred at the end of the prograde P-T path, between the solidus (at ca. 860 degrees C-1.4 GPa) and the peak conditions (at ca. 960 degrees C-1.7 GPa). The model melt composition is felsic and similar to that of type 1 inclusions, particularly when the melting degree is low (< 1 mol%), close to the solidus. However the modeling fails to reproduce the highly potassic signature of the melt and its low H2O content. The combination of petrology, melt inclusion study, and thermodynamic modeling supports the interpretation that melt was produced by anatexis of the ultramafic boudins near peak P-T conditions, and that type 1 inclusions contain the anatectic melt that was present during garnet growth. The felsic, ultrapotassic composition of the primary anatectic melts is compatible with low melting degrees in the presence of biotite and amphibole as reactants. KW - Nanogranitoids KW - partial melting KW - thermodynamic modeling KW - Antarctica KW - ultramafic granulites KW - kumdykolite KW - kokchetavite KW - High-Grade Metamorphism KW - Anatexis KW - and Granite Magmatism Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2018-6214 SN - 0003-004X SN - 1945-3027 VL - 103 IS - 4 SP - 610 EP - 622 PB - Mineralogical Society of America CY - Chantilly ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Berkesi, Marta A1 - Czuppon, Gyorgy A1 - Szabo, Csaba A1 - Kovacs, Istvan A1 - Ferrero, Silvio A1 - Boiron, Marie-Christine A1 - Peiffert, Chantal T1 - Pargasite in fluid inclusions of mantle xenoliths from northeast Australia (Mt. Quincan) BT - evidence of interaction with asthenospheric fluid JF - Chemical geology : official journal of the European Association for Geochemistry N2 - Three spinel lherzolite xenoliths from Mt. Quincan (Queensland, northeastern Australia) were studied with special attention to their enclosed fluid inclusions. The xenoliths are deformed, have porphyroclastic textures and overall show very similar petrographic features. The only significant difference is manifested in the abundance of fluid inclusions in the samples, mostly in orthopyroxene porphyroclasts. Xenolith JMTQ11 is fluid inclusion-free, whereas xenolith JMTQ20 shows a high abundance of fluid inclusions (fluid inclusion-rich). Xenolith JMTQ45 represents a transitional state between the previous two, as it contains only a small amount of fluid inclusions (fluid inclusion-bearing). Previous studies revealed that these xenoliths and the entrapped fluid inclusions represent a former addition of a MORB-type fluid to the pre-existing lithosphere, resulting from asthenosphere upwelling. There is a progressive enrichment in LREE, Nb, Sr and Ti from the fluid inclusion-free xenolith through the fluid inclusion-bearing one to the fluid inclusion-rich lherzolite. This suggests an increase in the extent of the interaction between the fluid-rich melt and the lherzolite wallrock. In addition, the same interaction is considered to be responsible for the formation of pargasitic amphibole as well. The presence of fluid inclusions indicates fluid migration at mantle depth, and their association with exsolution lamellae in orthopyroxene suggests fluid entrapment following the continental rifting (thermal relaxation) during cooling. A series of analyses, including microthermometry coupled with Raman spectroscopy, FTIR hyperspectral imaging, and Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) was carried out on the fluid inclusions. Based on the results, the entrapped high-density fluid is composed of 7589 mol% CO2, 918 mol% H2O, 0.11.7 mol% N-2 and <= 0.5 mol% H2S with dissolved trace elements (melt component). Our findings suggest that the metasomatic fluid phase could have been either a fluid/fluid-rich silicate melt released from the deeper asthenosphere, or a coexisting incipient fluid-rich silicate melt. Further cooling, possibly due to thermal relaxation and the upward migration of the fluid phase, caused the investigated lherzolites to reach pargasite stability conditions. We conclude that pargasite, even if only present in very limited modal proportions, can be a common phase at spinel lherzolite stability in the lithospheric upper mantle in continental rift back-arc settings. Studies of fluid inclusions indicate that significant CO2 release from the asthenosphere in a continental rifting environment is resulting from asthenosphere upwelling and its addition to the lithospheric mantle together with fluid-rich melt lherzolite interaction that leaves a CO2-rich fluid behind. KW - Fluid inclusions KW - Pargasite KW - Asthenospheric fluid KW - Metasomatism KW - Mt. Quincan KW - Australia Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.06.022 SN - 0009-2541 SN - 1872-6836 VL - 508 SP - 182 EP - 196 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER -