TY - JOUR A1 - Rentzsch, Katrin A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Top down or bottom up? BT - evidence from the longitudinal development of global and domain-specific self-esteem in adulthood JF - Journal of personality and social psychology / American Psychological Association N2 - Classical theoretical perspectives have implied that either global self-esteem has an impact on domain-specific self-esteem (top-down) or domain-specific self-esteem affects global self-esteem (bottom-up). The goal of the present research was to investigate whether classical top-down and bottom-up approaches could withstand a thorough test. To do so, we applied elaborate analytical methods in a four-wave longitudinal study across 6 years with preregistered hypotheses and data analyses. We analyzed data from N = 1,417 German participants (30.6% men, median of 12 to 13 years of education) with an average age of 47.0 years (SD = 12.4, range 18 to 88) at intake. Analyses using latent variable approaches for modeling intraindividual change provided evidence of top-down effects only. For example, participants with higher global self-esteem exhibited an increase in performance self-esteem but not vice versa. Our results also provided evidence of "vertical" associations between global and domain-specific self-esteem, that is, parallel development within the same time frame. In addition, the analyses revealed high rank order stability and a substantial trait component in global self-esteem and the self-esteem domains. The present findings have important theoretical and practical implications for the stability and development of self-esteem in adulthood and advance the understanding of global and domain-specific self-esteem in personality theory. KW - self-esteem KW - domain-specific KW - top-down and bottom-up KW - stability KW - adulthood Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000393 SN - 0022-3514 SN - 1939-1315 VL - 122 IS - 4 SP - 714 EP - 730 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Malesza, Marta A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - The convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity of the Discounting Inventory compared to the traditional discounting measures JF - Journal of public health N2 - Aim The Discounting Inventory was developed to provide researchers and practitioners with a standardized tool to asses individual differences in delay, probabilistic, effort and social discounting, all related to behavioral impulsivity. Convergent and discriminant validity of the Discounting Inventory was evaluated by comparing its associations with external variables to those obtained using standardized discounting measures with the same external variables. Subjects and methods A sample of 347 volunteers was examined. The first questionnaire completed by all participants was the Discounting Inventory. Individuals also completed the traditional discounting measure using pairs of hypothetical choices. The external measures included the Sensation Seeking Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Eysenck Impulsivity Venturesomeness Empathy Questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised, and Temperament and Character Inventory. Results The results revealed that although almost all correlations were significant for both the Discounting Inventory and the traditional discounting measures, most of the correlations between external variables and the Discounting Inventory were significantly higher than those between external variables and traditional discounting measures. However, both discounting measures were most strongly correlated with external measures of impulsivity, which is not surprising given the fact that discounting is seen as a behavioral impulsivity. Finally, most relationships between the Discounting Inventory and external variables were incrementally valid over the traditional discounting measures. Conclusion The Discounting Inventory can help to diagnose problems with behavioral impulsivity. KW - Discounting inventory KW - Convergent validity KW - Discriminant validity KW - Incremental validity KW - Discounting Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-020-01306-y SN - 2198-1833 SN - 1613-2238 VL - 30 IS - 2 SP - 423 EP - 433 PB - Springer CY - Berlin ; Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewert, Christina A1 - Hoffmann, Cosma Frauke Antonia A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Stress processing mediates the link between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being JF - Mindfulness N2 - Objectives While the positive effects of trait self-compassion on affective well-being are widely known, within-person effects of state self-compassion and underlying mechanisms between state self-compassion and affective well-being have rarely been investigated. The current study aimed at examining whether perceived stress and healthier coping responses are mediators in the relation between momentary self-compassion and affective well-being. Methods A total of 213 participants completed measures of momentary self-compassion, momentary perceived stress, and engagement and disengagement coping responses, as well as affective well-being (i.e., presence of positive and absence of negative affect) via their smartphones. The ambulatory assessment design included three measurements per day (morning, afternoon, evening) for 7 days. Results Multilevel modeling revealed that within-persons, momentary levels of self-compassion were related to momentary levels of stress, coping responses, and affective well-being components. 1-1-1 multilevel mediation analyses were conducted and demonstrated that, at the within-person level, momentary self-compassion was related to more positive and less negative affect via perceived stress and facilitating healthy coping responses. The within-person relations of the original 1-1-1 multilevel mediation could partially be replicated in an alternative model with momentary self-compassion one occasion prior and positive affect. However, the link between self-compassion one occasion prior and negative affect was only mediated by perceived stress. Conclusions This work helps to understand the processes underlying the adaptive effects of momentary self-compassion on momentary affective well-being on a given occasion. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. KW - Self-compassion KW - Stress processing KW - Coping KW - Affective well-being Y1 - 2022 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01954-z SN - 1868-8527 SN - 1868-8535 VL - 13 IS - 9 SP - 2269 EP - 2281 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vöhringer, Matthias A1 - Schütz, Astrid A1 - Geßler, Sarah A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - SREIS-D BT - die deutschsprachige Version der Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale BT - German version of the Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIS) in a clinical sample and a control group JF - Diagnostica N2 - Emotionale Intelligenz (EI) ist ein zentraler Prädiktor psychischer Gesundheit. Im deutschsprachigen Raum lag bislang keine am Vier-Facetten-Modell der EI orientierte Selbstbeschreibungsskala vor, die an klinischen und nicht-klinischen Gruppen getestet wurde. Die Self-Rated Emotional Intelligence Scale (SREIS) ist mit 19 Items ein ökonomisch einsetzbares Instrument. Die Skala wurde ins Deutsche übertragen und psychometrisch überprüft. Außerdem wurde die SREIS erstmals an einer klinischen Population getestet. Auch werden erstmals differenzierte Ergebnisse zu den vier EI-Facetten vorgelegt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Faktorenstruktur der englischen Originalskala. Die Reliabilität der Gesamtskala ist als gut einzustufen. Validität wird durch erwartungskonforme Korrelationen mit anderen EI-Maßen sowie klinischen Parametern belegt. Durch Diskriminationsfähigkeit zwischen klinischer Stichprobe und nicht-klinischer Kontrollgruppe zeigt die Skala zusätzlich klinische Relevanz. Skalare Messinvarianz zwischen beiden Gruppen liegt vor. Die SREIS-D ist ein ökonomisch einsetzbares Selbstberichtsmaß zur Erfassung von Facetten der EI im klinischen und subklinischen Bereich. N2 - Emotional intelligence (EI) is significantly linked to mental health. However, many existing EI measures are not based on integrative theoretical approaches and they lack clinical testing. The present study presents the German version of a 19-item self-report scale based on the widely accepted four-branch model of EI. It is the first study to use the scale in a large clinical sample (n = 338) in addition to a nonclinical sample (n = 218) and to show specific relations with the four facets of EI. Factorial structure and psychometric criteria were evaluated in both samples. The results confirm the factor structure of the original scale. The reliability of the total scale measured with McDonald’s omega is good. Validity is shown based on correlations with other EI measures and clinical indicators. Furthermore, the SREIS-D discriminates between clinical and nonclinical groups. Scalar measurement invariance was found between both groups. The scale can be considered useful and economic for use in clinical emotions and nonclinical assessment of overall EI and of the four facets of perceiving emotions, using emotions to facilitate thinking, understanding emotion and managing emotions. KW - Emotionale Intelligenz KW - Emotionsregulation KW - Emotionswahrnehmung KW - Skala KW - psychische Gesundheit KW - emotional intelligence KW - emotion regulation KW - emotion-perception KW - self-report KW - mental health Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000248 SN - 0012-1924 SN - 2190-622X VL - 66 IS - 3 SP - 200 EP - 210 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ewert, Christina A1 - Vater, Annika A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Self-compassion and coping BT - a meta-analysis JF - Mindfulness N2 - Objectives: Self-compassion, a positive and caring attitude toward oneself, has been identified as an important correlate of coping in stressful situations. High self-compassion is related to higher use of adaptive and less maladaptive coping in demanding or painful situations. However, estimates of these relations in terms of specific adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies have remained inconclusive. Therefore, the present meta-analysis investigates the relation between self-compassion and different forms of adaptive and maladaptive coping. It also takes into account potential moderators such as age, gender, and regional background. Methods: A systematic literature search resulted in k = 136 samples with an overall sample size of N = 38,913. Random-effects models were used to integrate the z-transformed Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: Analyses yielded a positive correlation between self-compassion and adaptive coping (r = .306) and a negative correlation between self-compassion and maladaptive coping (r = - .500). The association of self-compassion with emotional approach coping was positive (r = .340), as was the association with problem-focused coping (r = .205). Participants' age appeared to be a significant moderator of the relation between self-compassion and coping. Conclusions: Self-compassion is important for understanding the mechanisms involved in coping with stress and demanding life events. The size and direction of correlations depend on the coping strategies considered, with protective effects of self-compassion with respect to maladaptive coping being the most pronounced. Further research should examine the relation between self-compassion and coping in more detail and focus on additional moderators. KW - Meta-analysis KW - Self-compassion KW - Coping KW - Stress regulation Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01563-8 SN - 1868-8527 SN - 1868-8535 VL - 12 IS - 5 SP - 1063 EP - 1077 PB - Springer CY - Dordrecht ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Jung, Janis Moritz A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Prosocial behavior as a protective factor against peers' acceptance of aggression in the development of aggressive behavior in childhood and adolescence JF - Journal of adolescence KW - Resilience KW - Protective factor KW - Childhood KW - Adolescence KW - Longitudinal KW - Germany Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.06.002 SN - 0140-1971 SN - 1095-9254 VL - 74 SP - 146 EP - 153 PB - Elsevier CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Fatfouta, Ramzi A1 - Rentzsch, Katrin A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - Narcissus oeconomicus: BT - facets of narcissism and socio-economic decision-making JF - Journal of research in personality N2 - How do narcissists respond to monetary rewards and are there differences in fairness sensitivity between different facets of narcissism? The present study (N = 287) investigated these questions using the Ultimatum Game, a behavioral decision-making task involving the presentation of advantageous and disadvantageous financial offers. The results of multilevel modeling revealed that individual differences in narcissism modulated responders’ game decisions: Individuals high in narcissism, particularly narcissistic rivalry, were more likely to accept monetary offers and this effect was even more pronounced for comparatively unfair offers. Results extend previous findings, suggesting that narcissists are hypersensitive to rewards and pay close attention how to maximize their personal profit rather than to enforce fairness norms. KW - Narcissism KW - Fairness KW - Ultimatum Game KW - Decision making KW - Social cognition Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2018.05.002 SN - 0092-6566 SN - 1095-7251 VL - 75 SP - 12 EP - 16 PB - Elsevier CY - San Diego ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rudolph, Almut A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela A1 - Schütz, Astrid T1 - I like myself, I really do (at least right now) BT - development and validation of a brief and revised (German-language) version of the State Self-Esteem Scale JF - European journal of psychological assessment : EJPA N2 - In five studies, we evaluated the psychometric properties of a revised German version of the State Self-Esteem Scale (SSES; Heatherton & Polivy, 1991). In Study 1, the results of a confirmatory factor analysis on the original scale revealed poor model fit and poor construct validity in a student sample that resembled those in the literature; thus, a revised 15-item version was developed (i.e., the SSES-R) and thoroughly validated. Study 2 showed a valid three-factor structure (Performance, Social, and Appearance) and good internal consistency of the SSES-R. Correlations between subscales of trait and state SE empirically supported the scale's construct validity. Temporal stability and intrapersonal sensitivity of the scale to naturally occurring events were investigated in Study 3. Intrapersonat sensitivity of the scale to experimentally induced changes in state SE was uncovered in Study 4 via social feedback (acceptance vs. rejection) and performance feedback (positive vs. negative). In Study 5, the scale's interpersonal sensitivity was confirmed by comparing depressed and healthy individuals. Finally, the usefulness of the SSES-R was demonstrated by assessing SE instability as calculated from repeated measures of state SE. KW - self-esteem KW - state self-esteem KW - State Self-Esteem Scale KW - positive affect KW - negative affect Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000501 SN - 1015-5759 SN - 2151-2426 VL - 36 IS - 1 SP - 196 EP - 206 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kratky, Nicole A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela T1 - How are parental functioning and single parenthood associated with court outcomes? BT - an analysis of child protection cases JF - Child Abuse & Neglect N2 - Impaired parental functioning and single parenthood are considered risk factors for child maltreatment and being involved in the child protection context. Past research has shown that an impaired mental functioning and being a single parent are indicators of limited parenting resources. These risk factors are likely to be considered by family judges, which might lead to more intrusive court decisions concerning parental custody. To date, court data have rarely been investigated. The present study examined parental mental health and single parenthood using data from family law proceedings. The role of the fathers has been understudied and the few existing studies yielded contradictory results with respect to fathers’ involvement as risk or protective factor. Therefore, the study included both fathers’ data and mothers’ data. A total of 220 child protection court files with 343 affected children were coded using a category system. Parental mental health was coded as parental functioning in daily life and was significantly associated with the court outcome. Multilevel mediation analyses showed a significant indirect effect of maternal functioning on the intrusiveness of the court decisions via child maltreatment. Single motherhood moderated the effect: The indirect effect was more pronounced for single mothers. This study contributes to a better understanding of the population getting before court and the judicial process. Psychological attributes do play a role in the decision-making of judges; and taking the role of the fathers into account is necessary. KW - Child maltreatment KW - Child protection KW - Court KW - Parental mental health KW - Single parenthood Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.07.015 SN - 0145-2134 SN - 1873-7757 VL - 84 SP - 95 EP - 105 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schröder-Abé, Michela A1 - Rentzsch, Katrin A1 - Asendorpf, Jens B. A1 - Penke, Lars T1 - Good Enough for an Affair. Self-Enhancement of Attractiveness, Interest in Potential Mates and Popularity as a Mate JF - European journal of personality N2 - Using data from the Berlin Speed Dating Study, we tested rival hypotheses concerning the effects of self-enhancement of attractiveness on dating outcomes. Three hundred eighty-two participants took part in one of the 17 speed-dating sessions. After each speed-dating interaction, participants indicated how interesting they found the respective person as a long-term and short-term partner. Using social relations analyses, we computed perceiver effects (being more or less choosy) and target effects (being rated as more or less interesting) of long-term and short-term partner ratings. Self-enhancement was operationalized as the discrepancy between self-rated attractiveness and four components of actual attractiveness (observer-rated facial and vocal attractiveness, height and body mass index). Results indicated that self-enhancers were less choosy with respect to their interest for short-term partners, which was especially true for men, but more choosy with respect to long-term partners. With regard to popularity as a mate, potential partners indicated that they found self-enhancers more interesting as short-term partners but not as long-term partners. As self-enhancement is a key component of narcissism, these results are consistent with findings that narcissists perceive many sexual affairs as an achievement, while preferring selected ‘trophy’ long-term partners, and narcissists have a charming appeal for short-term, but not lasting, social relationships. KW - self-enhancement KW - physical attractiveness KW - mating KW - speed dating KW - social relations analyses Y1 - 2016 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/per.2029 SN - 0890-2070 SN - 1099-0984 VL - 30 SP - 12 EP - 18 PB - Wiley-Blackwell CY - Hoboken ER -