TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Nan A1 - Said, Andre A1 - Wischke, Christian A1 - Kral, Vivian A1 - Brodwolf, Robert A1 - Volz, Pierre A1 - Boreham, Alexander A1 - Gerecke, Christian A1 - Li, Wenzhong A1 - Neffe, Axel T. A1 - Kleuser, Burkhard A1 - Alexiev, Ulrike A1 - Lendlein, Andreas A1 - Schäfer-Korting, Monika T1 - Poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] nanoparticles - Composition-dependent skin penetration enhancement of a dye probe and biocompatibility JF - European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics N2 - Nanoparticles can improve topical drug delivery: size, surface properties and flexibility of polymer nanoparticles are defining its interaction with the skin. Only few studies have explored skin penetration for one series of structurally related polymer particles with systematic alteration of material composition. Here, a series of rigid poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] model nanoparticles stably loaded with Nile Red or Rhodamin B, respectively, was comprehensively studied for biocompatibility and functionality. Surface properties were altered by varying the molar content of hydrophilic NVP from 0 to 24.1% and particle size ranged from 35 to 244 nm. Whereas irritancy and genotoxicity were not revealed, lipophilic and hydrophilic nanoparticles taken up by keratinocytes affected cell viability. Skin absorption of the particles into viable skin ex vivo was studied using Nile Red as fluorescent probe. Whilst an intact stratum corneum efficiently prevented penetration, almost complete removal of the horny layer allowed nanoparticles of smaller size and hydrophilic particles to penetrate into viable epidermis and dermis. Hence, systematic variations of nanoparticle properties allows gaining insights into critical criteria for biocompatibility and functionality of novel nanocarriers for topical drug delivery and risks associated with environmental exposure. KW - Biocompatibility testing KW - Drug delivery systems KW - Nanoparticle KW - Poly[acrylonitrile-co-(N-vinyl pyrrolidone)] KW - Polymers KW - Skin absorption Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.10.019 SN - 0939-6411 SN - 1873-3441 VL - 116 SP - 66 EP - 75 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Rabe, Sophie A1 - Wolter, Martin A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Muscle activity of upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior during unloaded and maximal loaded shoulder flexion and extension JF - International Biomechanics N2 - Altered scapular muscle activity is mostly described under unloaded and submaximal loaded conditions in impingement patients. However, there is no clear evidence on muscle activity with respect to movement phases under maximum load in healthy subjects. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate scapular muscle activity under unloaded and maximum loaded isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension in regard to the movement phase. Fourteen adults performed unloaded (continuous passive motion [CPM]) as well as maximum loaded (concentric [CON], eccentric [ECC]) isokinetic shoulder flexion (Flex) and extension (Ext). Simultaneously, scapular muscle activity was measured by EMG. Root mean square was calculated for the whole ROM and four movement phases. Data were analyzed descriptively and by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. CPMFlex resulted in a linear increase of muscle activity for all muscles. Muscle activity during CONFlex and ECCFlex resulted in either constant activity levels or in an initial increase followed by a plateau in the second half of movement. CPMExt decreased with the progression of movement, whereas CONExt and ECCExt initially decreased and either levelled off or increased in the second half of movement. Scapular muscle activity of unloaded shoulder flexion and extension changed under maximum load showing increased activity levels and an altered pattern over the course of movement. KW - shoulder KW - scapular muscle activity KW - isokinetic testing KW - electromyography Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/23335432.2017.1364668 VL - 4 IS - 2 SP - 68 EP - 76 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wochatz, Monique A1 - Rabe, Sophie A1 - Wolter, Martin A1 - Engel, Tilman A1 - Mueller, Steffen A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Reproducibility of scapular muscle activity in isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension JF - Journal of electromyography and kinesiology N2 - Repetitive overhead movements have been identified as a main risk factor to develop shoulder complaints with scapular muscle activity being altered. Reliable assessment of muscle activity is essential to differentiate between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the intra-and inter-session reliability of scapular muscle activity during maximal isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension. Eleven asymptomatic adults performed maximum effort isokinetic shoulder flexion and extension (concentric and eccentric at 60 degrees/s) in a test-retest design. Muscle activity of the upper and lower trapezius and serratus anterior was assessed by sEMG. Root Mean Square was calculated for whole ROM and single movement phases of absolute and normalized muscle activity. Absolute (Bland-Altman analysis (Bias, LoA), Minimal detectable change (MDC)) and relative reliability parameters (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV)/test-retest variability (TRV)) were utilized for the evaluation of reproducibility. Intra-session reliability revealed ICCs between 0.56 and 0.98, averaged CVs of 18% and average MDCs of 81 mV. Inter-session reliability resulted in ICCs between 0.13 and 0.93, averaged TRVs of 21%, average MDCs of 15% and systematic and random error between -8 +/- 60% and 12 +/- 36%. Scapular muscle activity assessed in overhead movements can be measured reliably under maximum load conditions, though variability is dependent on the movement phase. Measurement variability does not exceed magnitudes of altered scapular muscle activities as reported in previous studies. Therefore, maximum load application is a promising approach for the evaluation of changes in scapular control related to pathologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.04.006 SN - 1050-6411 SN - 1873-5711 VL - 34 SP - 86 EP - 92 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria A1 - Puschmann, Anne-Katrin A1 - Arampatzis, Adamantios A1 - Schiltenwolf, Marcus A1 - Mayer, Frank T1 - Diagnosis of psychosocial risk factors in prevention of low back pain in athletes (MiSpEx) JF - BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine N2 - Background Low back pain (LBP) is a common pain syndrome in athletes, responsible for 28% of missed training days/year. Psychosocial factors contribute to chronic pain development. This study aims to investigate the transferability of psychosocial screening tools developed in the general population to athletes and to define athlete-specific thresholds. Methods Data from a prospective multicentre study on LBP were collected at baseline and 1-year follow-up (n=52 athletes, n=289 recreational athletes and n=246 non-athletes). Pain was assessed using the Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire. The psychosocial Risk Stratification Index (RSI) was used to obtain prognostic information regarding the risk of chronic LBP (CLBP). Individual psychosocial risk profile was gained with the Risk Prevention Index – Social (RPI-S). Differences between groups were calculated using general linear models and planned contrasts. Discrimination thresholds for athletes were defined with receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results Athletes and recreational athletes showed significantly lower psychosocial risk profiles and prognostic risk for CLBP than non-athletes. ROC curves suggested discrimination thresholds for athletes were different compared with non-athletes. Both screenings demonstrated very good sensitivity (RSI=100%; RPI-S: 75%–100%) and specificity (RSI: 76%–93%; RPI-S: 71%–93%). RSI revealed two risk classes for pain intensity (area under the curve (AUC) 0.92(95% CI 0.85 to 1.0)) and pain disability (AUC 0.88(95% CI 0.71 to 1.0)). Conclusions Both screening tools can be used for athletes. Athlete-specific thresholds will improve physicians’ decision making and allow stratified treatment and prevention. Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000295 SN - 2055-7647 VL - 3 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wiesmeier, Isabella K. A1 - Dalin, Daniela A1 - Wehrle, Anja A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Muehlbauer, Thomas A1 - Dietterle, Jörg A1 - Weiller, Cornelius A1 - Gollhofer, Albert A1 - Maurer, Christoph T1 - Balance training enhances vestibular function and reduces overactive proprioceptive feedback in elderly JF - Frontiers in aging neuroscience N2 - Objectives: Postural control in elderly people is impaired by degradations of sensory, motor, and higher-level adaptive mechanisms. Here, we characterize the effects of a progressive balance training programon these postural control impairments using a brain network model based on system identification techniques. Methods and Material: We analyzed postural control of 35 healthy elderly subjects and compared findings to data from 35 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen elderly subjects performed a 10 week balance training conducted twice per week. Balance training was carried out in static and dynamic movement states, on support surfaces with different elastic compliances, under different visual conditions and motor tasks. Postural control was characterized by spontaneous sway and postural reactions to pseudorandom anterior-posterior tilts of the support surface. Data were interpreted using a parameter identification procedure based on a brain network model. Conclusion: Balance training reduced overactive proprioceptive feedback and restored vestibular orientation in elderly. Based on the assumption of a linear deterioration of postural control across the life span, the training effect can be extrapolated as a juvenescence of 10 years. This study points to a considerable benefit of a continuous balance training in elderly, even without any sensorimotor deficits. KW - age KW - balance KW - vestibular KW - proprioception KW - training Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00273 SN - 1663-4365 VL - 9 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wernicke, Sarah A1 - de Witt Huberts, Jessie A1 - Wippert, Pia-Maria T1 - The pain of being misunderstood BT - Invalidation of pain complaints in chronic low back pain patients JF - Journal of Health Psychology N2 - A particular form of social pain is invalidation. Therefore, this study (a) investigates whether patients with chronic low back pain experience invalidation, (b) if it has an influence on their pain, and (c) explores whether various social sources (e.g. partner and work) influence physical pain differentially. A total of 92 patients completed questionnaires, and for analysis, Pearson’s correlation coefficients and hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted. They indicated a significant association between discounting and disability due to pain (respective β = .29, p > .05). Especially, discounting by partner was linked to higher disability (β = .28, p > .05). KW - chronic low back pain KW - disability KW - invalidation KW - social pain KW - social rejection Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105315596371 SN - 1359-1053 SN - 1461-7277 VL - 22 SP - 135 EP - 147 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Vigorito, Carlo A1 - Abreu, Ana A1 - Ambrosetti, Marco A1 - Belardinelli, Romualdo A1 - Corra, Ugo A1 - Cupples, Margaret A1 - Davos, Constantinos H. A1 - Hoefer, Stefan A1 - Iliou, Marie-Christine A1 - Schmid, Jean-Paul A1 - Völler, Heinz A1 - Doherty, Patrick T1 - Frailty and cardiac rehabilitation: A call to action from the EAPC Cardiac Rehabilitation Section JF - European journal of preventive cardiology : the official ESC journal for primary & secondary cardiovascular prevention, rehabilitation and sports cardiology N2 - Frailty is a geriatric syndrome characterised by a vulnerability status associated with declining function of multiple physiological systems and loss of physiological reserves. Two main models of frailty have been advanced: the phenotypic model (primary frailty) or deficits accumulation model (secondary frailty), and different instruments have been proposed and validated to measure frailty. However measured, frailty correlates to medical outcomes in the elderly, and has been shown to have prognostic value for patients in different clinical settings, such as in patients with coronary artery disease, after cardiac surgery or transvalvular aortic valve replacement, in patients with chronic heart failure or after left ventricular assist device implantation. The prevalence, clinical and prognostic relevance of frailty in a cardiac rehabilitation setting has not yet been well characterised, despite the increasing frequency of elderly patients in cardiac rehabilitation, where frailty is likely to influence the onset, type and intensity of the exercise training programme and the design of tailored rehabilitative interventions for these patients. Therefore, we need to start looking for frailty in elderly patients entering cardiac rehabilitation programmes and become more familiar with some of the tools to recognise and evaluate the severity of this condition. Furthermore, we need to better understand whether exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation may change the course and the prognosis of frailty in cardiovascular patients. KW - Frailty KW - cardiac rehabilitation KW - elderly Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487316682579 SN - 2047-4873 SN - 2047-4881 VL - 24 SP - 577 EP - 590 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sixtus, Elena A1 - Fischer, Martin H. A1 - Lindemann, Oliver T1 - Finger posing primes number comprehension JF - Cognitive processing : international quarterly of cognitive science N2 - Canonical finger postures, as used in counting, activate number knowledge, but the exact mechanism for this priming effect is unclear. Here we dissociated effects of visual versus motor priming of number concepts. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed either to pictures of canonical finger postures (visual priming) or actively produced the same finger postures (motor priming) and then used foot responses to rapidly classify auditory numbers (targets) as smaller or larger than 5. Classification times revealed that manually adopted but not visually perceived postures primed magnitude classifications. Experiment 2 obtained motor priming of number processing through finger postures also with vocal responses. Priming only occurred through canonical and not through non-canonical finger postures. Together, these results provide clear evidence for motor priming of number knowledge. Relative contributions of vision and action for embodied numerical cognition and the importance of canonicity of postures are discussed. KW - Embodied cognition KW - Finger counting KW - Numerical cognition KW - Priming Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0804-y SN - 1612-4782 SN - 1612-4790 VL - 18 SP - 237 EP - 248 PB - Springer CY - Heidelberg ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sebold, Miriam A1 - Nebe, Stephan A1 - Garbusow, Maria A1 - Guggenmos, Matthias A1 - Schad, Daniel A1 - Beck, Anne A1 - Kuitunen-Paul, Sören A1 - Sommer, Christian A1 - Frank, Robin A1 - Neu, Peter A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Rapp, Michael A. A1 - Smolka, Michael N. A1 - Huys, Quentin J. M. A1 - Schlagenhauf, Florian A1 - Heinz, Andreas T1 - When Habits Are Dangerous: Alcohol Expectancies and Habitual Decision Making Predict Relapse in Alcohol Dependence JF - Biological psychiatry : a journal of psychiatric neuroscience and therapeutics ; a publication of the Society of Biological Psychiatry N2 - BACKGROUND: Addiction is supposedly characterized by a shift from goal-directed to habitual decision making, thus facilitating automatic drug intake. The two-step task allows distinguishing between these mechanisms by computationally modeling goal-directed and habitual behavior as model-based and model-free control. In addicted patients, decision making may also strongly depend upon drug-associated expectations. Therefore, we investigated model-based versus model-free decision making and its neural correlates as well as alcohol expectancies in alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls and assessed treatment outcome in patients. METHODS: Ninety detoxified, medication-free, alcohol-dependent patients and 96 age-and gender-matched control subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during the two-step task. Alcohol expectancies were measured with the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire. Over a follow-up period of 48 weeks, 37 patients remained abstinent and 53 patients relapsed as indicated by the Alcohol Timeline Followback method. RESULTS: Patients who relapsed displayed reduced medial prefrontal cortex activation during model-based decision making. Furthermore, high alcohol expectancies were associated with low model-based control in relapsers, while the opposite was observed in abstainers and healthy control subjects. However, reduced model-based control per se was not associated with subsequent relapse. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that poor treatment outcome in alcohol dependence does not simply result from a shift from model-based to model-free control but is instead dependent on the interaction between high drug expectancies and low model-based decision making. Reduced model-based medial prefrontal cortex signatures in those who relapse point to a neural correlate of relapse risk. These observations suggest that therapeutic interventions should target subjective alcohol expectancies. KW - Alcohol dependence KW - Alcohol expectancy KW - Goal-directed control KW - Medial prefrontal cortex KW - Reinforcement learning KW - Treatment outcome Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.04.019 SN - 0006-3223 SN - 1873-2402 VL - 82 SP - 847 EP - 856 PB - Elsevier CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Schulz-Behrendt, Claudia A1 - Salzwedel, Annett A1 - Rabe, Sophie A1 - Ortmann, K. A1 - Völler, Heinz T1 - Aspekte beruflicher und sozialer Wiedereingliederung aus Sicht kardiovaskulär erkrankter Rehabilitanden in besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen T1 - Subjective Aspects of Return to Work and Social Reintegration in Patients with Extensive Work-related Problems in Cardiac Rehabilitation BT - Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Erhebung BT - Results of a Qualitative Investigation JF - Die Rehabilitation : Zeitschrift für Praxis und Forschung in der Rehabilitation N2 - Ziel: Untersucht wurden subjektive bio-psycho-soziale Auswirkungen chronischer Herz- und Gefäßerkrankungen, Bewältigungsstrategien und Formen sozialer Unterstützung bei Rehabilitanden in besonderen beruflichen Problemlagen (BBPL). Methodik: Für die qualitative Untersuchung wurden 17 Patienten (48,9±7,0 Jahre, 13 männl.) mit BBPL (SIMBO-C>30) in leitfadengestützten Interviews befragt. Die Auswertung erfolgte softwaregestützt nach dem inhaltsanalytischen Ansatz von Mayring. Ergebnisse: Im Rahmen der Krankheitsauswirkungen benannten die Patienten soziale, einschließlich beruflicher Aspekte mit 62% der Aussagen deutlich häufiger als physische oder psychische Faktoren (9 bzw. 29%). Angewandte Bewältigungsstrategien und erfahrene Unterstützungsleistungen richteten sich jedoch überwiegend auf körperliche Einschränkungen (70 bzw. 45%). Schlussfolgerung: Obgleich soziale Krankheitsauswirkungen für die befragten Rehabilitanden subjektiv bedeutsam waren, gelang die Entwicklung geeigneter Bewältigungsstrategien nur unzureichen N2 - Objective This study investigated subjective biopsychosocial effects of coronary heart disease (CHD), coping strategies and social support in patients undergoing cardiac rehabilitation (CR) and having extensive work-related problems. Methods A qualitative investigation was performed in 17 patients (48.9 +/- 7.0 y, 13 male) with extensive work-related problems (SIMBO-C > 30). All patients were interviewed with structured surveys. Data analysis was performed using a software that is based on the content analysis approach of Mayring. Results In regard to effects of disease, patients indicated social aspects including occupational aspects (62 %) more often than physical or mental factors (9 or 29 %). Applied coping strategies and support services are mainly focused on physical impairments (70 or 45 %). Conclusions The development of appropriate coping strategies was insufficient although social effects of disease were subjectively meaningful for patients in CR. KW - cardiac rehabilitation KW - extensive work-related problems KW - social support KW - return to work KW - kardiologische Rehabilitation KW - besondere berufliche Problemlagen KW - soziale Unterstützung KW - berufliche Wiedereingliederung Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-121379 SN - 0034-3536 SN - 1439-1309 VL - 56 IS - 3 SP - 181 EP - 188 PB - Thieme CY - Stuttgart ER -