TY - JOUR A1 - Belli, Francesco A1 - Felisatti, Arianna A1 - Fischer, Martin H. T1 - "BreaThink" BT - breathing affects production and perception of quantities JF - Experimental brain research N2 - Cognition is shaped by signals from outside and within the body. Following recent evidence of interoceptive signals modulating higher-level cognition, we examined whether breathing changes the production and perception of quantities. In Experiment 1, 22 adults verbally produced on average larger random numbers after inhaling than after exhaling. In Experiment 2, 24 further adults estimated the numerosity of dot patterns that were briefly shown after either inhaling or exhaling. Again, we obtained on average larger responses following inhalation than exhalation. These converging results extend models of situated cognition according to which higher-level cognition is sensitive to transient interoceptive states. KW - breathing KW - embodied cognition KW - interoception KW - numerical cognition KW - situated cognition Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-021-06147-z SN - 0014-4819 SN - 1432-1106 VL - 239 IS - 8 SP - 2489 EP - 2499 PB - Springer CY - New York ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Harmanli, İpek A1 - Tarakina, Nadezda A1 - Antonietti, Markus A1 - Oschatz, Martin T1 - "Giant" nitrogen uptake in ionic liquids confined in carbon pores JF - Journal of the American Chemical Society N2 - Ionic liquids are well known for their high gas absorption capacity. It is shown that this is not a solvent constant, but can be enhanced by another factor of 10 by pore confinement, here of the ionic liquid (IL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EmimOAc) in the pores of carbon materials. A matrix of four different carbon compounds with micro- and mesopores as well as with and without nitrogen doping is utilized to investigate the influence of the carbons structure on the nitrogen uptake in the pore-confined EmimOAc. In general, the absorption is most improved for IL in micropores and in nitrogen-doped carbon. This effect is so large that it is already seen in TGA and DSC experiments. Due to the low vapor pressure of the IL, standard volumetric sorption experiments can be used to quantify details of this effect. It is reasoned that it is the change of the molecular arrangement of the ions in the restricted space of the pores that creates additional free volume to host molecular nitrogen. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c00783 SN - 0002-7863 SN - 1520-5126 VL - 143 IS - 25 SP - 9377 EP - 9384 PB - American Chemical Society CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sinha, Shreya A1 - Saalfrank, Peter T1 - "Inverted" CO molecules on NaCl(100) BT - a quantum mechanical study JF - Physical chemistry, chemical physics : a journal of European Chemical Societies N2 - Somewhat surprisingly, inverted ("O-down") CO adsorbates on NaCl(100) were recently observed experimentally after infrared vibrational excitation (Lau et al., Science, 2020, 367, 175-178). Here we characterize these species using periodic density functional theory and a quantum mechanical description of vibrations. We determine stationary points and minimum energy paths for CO inversion, for low (1/8 and 1/4 monolayers (ML)) and high (1 ML) coverages. Transition state theory is applied to estimate thermal rates for "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization and the reverse process. For the 1/4 ML p(1 x 1) structure, two-dimensional and three-dimensional potential energy surfaces and corresponding anharmonic vibrational eigenstates obtained from the time-independent nuclear Schrodinger equation are presented. We find (i) rather coverage-independent CO inversion energies (of about 0.08 eV or 8 kJ mol(-1) per CO) and corresponding classical activation energies for "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization (of about 0.15 eV or 14 kJ mol(-1) per CO); (ii) thermal isomerization rates at 22 K which are vanishingly small for the "C-down" to "O-down" isomerization but non-negligible for the back reaction; (iii) several "accidentally degenerate" pairs of eigenstates well below the barrier, each pair describing "C-down" to "O-down" localized states. Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05198e SN - 1463-9076 SN - 1463-9084 VL - 23 IS - 13 SP - 7860 EP - 7874 PB - Royal Society of Chemistry CY - Cambridge ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Juang, Linda P. A1 - Schwarzenthal, Miriam A1 - Moffitt, Ursula Elinor A1 - Vietze, Jana T1 - "No, where are you really from?" BT - Testing the foreigner objectification scale with German adolescents BT - Testen der Foreigner Objectification Scale mit deutschen Jugendlichen JF - Zeitschrift für Entwicklungspsychologie und pädagogische Psychologie : Organ der Fachgruppen Entwicklungspsychologie und Pädagogische Psychologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie (DGPs) N2 - Being perceived as a foreigner regardless of one's generational status, citizenship, or self-identification is called foreigner objectification. This is a form of identity denial and is linked to psychological distress. To test how foreigner objectification could be measured in Europe, we assessed whether the Foreigner Objectification Scale demonstrated reliability and validity with German adolescents. The sample included 806 9th graders from 17 high schools. The results showed that the scale demonstrates good reliability, scalar measurement invariance across gender and citizenship status, and partial scalar measurement invariance across family heritage, generational status, and cultural self-identification. Adolescents who scored higher on the scale also reported greater school behavioral disengagement, lower life satisfaction, and stronger ethnic identity. Our findings suggest that the scale is psychometrically sound and is linked in theoretically consistent ways to adjustment and ethnic identity. We conclude that this scale offers another way to capture subtle discrimination experiences that add to a more comprehensive understanding of discrimination and the related implications in Europe. N2 - Als Ausländer_in wahrgenommen zu werden, unabhängig vom Generationsstatus, der Staatsbürgerschaft oder der Selbstidentifikation, wird „foreigner objectification“ (Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung) genannt. Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung ist eine Form der Identitätsverleugnung und wird mit größerem psychologischem Stress in Verbindung gebracht. Um zu testen, wie Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung in Europa gemessen werden kann, untersuchten wir, ob die Foreigner Objectification Scale bei deutschen Jugendlichen Reliabilität und Validität aufweist. Die Stichprobe umfasste 806 Neuntklässler_innen aus 17 Sekundarschulen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Skala eine gute Reliabilität, skalare Messinvarianz über das Geschlecht und die Staatsbürgerschaft sowie eine partielle skalare Messinvarianz über die familiäre Herkunft, den Generationsstatus und die kulturelle Selbstidentifikation aufweist. Jugendliche, die höhere Werte auf der Skala erreichten, berichteten auch über ein größeres schulisches Disengagement, eine geringere Lebenszufriedenheit und eine stärkere ethnische Identität. Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Skala psychometrisch solide ist und auf theoretisch konsistente Weise mit Adaptation und ethnischer Identität verbunden ist. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass diese Skala eine weitere Möglichkeit bietet, subtile Diskriminierungserfahrungen zu erfassen, die zu einem umfassenderen Verständnis von Diskriminierung und deren Auswirkungen in Europa beitragen. T2 - „Nein, woher kommst du denn wirklich?” KW - discrimination KW - foreigner objectification KW - migration KW - microaggression KW - Diskriminierung KW - Ausländer_innenobjektifizierung KW - Migration KW - Mikroaggression Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000242 SN - 0049-8637 SN - 2190-6262 VL - 53 IS - 3-4 SP - 82 EP - 93 PB - Hogrefe CY - Göttingen ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Xiaorong A1 - Caserta, Giorgio A1 - Yarman, Aysu A1 - Supala, Eszter A1 - Tadjoung Waffo, Armel Franklin A1 - Wollenberger, Ulla A1 - Gyurcsanyi, Robert E. A1 - Zebger, Ingo A1 - Scheller, Frieder W. T1 - "Out of Pocket" protein binding BT - a dilemma of epitope imprinted polymers revealed for human hemoglobin JF - Chemosensors N2 - The epitope imprinting approach applies exposed peptides as templates to synthesize Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) for the recognition of the parent protein. While generally the template protein binding to such MIPs is considered to occur via the epitope-shaped cavities, unspecific interactions of the analyte with non-imprinted polymer as well as the detection method used may add to the complexity and interpretation of the target rebinding. To get new insights on the effects governing the rebinding of analytes, we electrosynthesized two epitope-imprinted polymers using the N-terminal pentapeptide VHLTP-amide of human hemoglobin (HbA) as the template. MIPs were prepared either by single-step electrosynthesis of scopoletin/pentapeptide mixtures or electropolymerization was performed after chemisorption of the cysteine extended VHLTP peptide. Rebinding of the target peptide and the parent HbA protein to the MIP nanofilms was quantified by square wave voltammetry using a redox probe gating, surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. While binding of the pentapeptide shows large influence of the amino acid sequence, all three methods revealed strong non-specific binding of HbA to both polyscopoletin-based MIPs with even higher affinities than the target peptides. KW - Molecularly Imprinted Polymers KW - epitope imprinting KW - non-specific KW - binding KW - redox gating KW - SEIRA spectroelectrochemistry Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9060128 SN - 2227-9040 VL - 9 IS - 6 PB - MDPI CY - Basel ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hänel, Hilkje Charlotte T1 - #MeToo and testimonial injustice BT - an investigation of moral and conceptual knowledge JF - Philosophy and Social Criticism N2 - Two decades ago, Tarana Burke started using the phrase ‘me too’ to release victims of sexual abuse and rape from their shame and to empower girls from minority communities. In 2017, actress Alyssa Milano made the hashtag #MeToo go viral. This article’s concern is with the role of testimonial practices in the context of sexual violence. While many feminists have claimed that the word of those who claim to being sexually violated by others (should) have political and/or epistemic priority, others have failed to recognize the harm and injury of instances of sexual violence that are not yet acknowledged as such and failed to listen to victims from marginalized social groups. In fact, some feminists have attacked #MeToo for mingling accounts of ‘proper’ sexual violence and accounts that are not ‘proper’ experiences of sexual violence. My aim in this article is to show why this critique is problematic and find a philosophically fruitful way to understand the #MeToo-movement as a movement that strives for moral and conceptual progress. Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1177/01914537211017578 SN - 0191-4537 SN - 1461-734X VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 833 EP - 859 PB - Sage Publ. CY - London ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Koyan, Philipp A1 - Tronicke, Jens A1 - Allroggen, Niklas T1 - 3D ground-penetrating radar attributes to generate classified facies models BT - a case study from a dune island JF - Geophysics N2 - Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a standard geophysical technique used to image near-surface structures in sedimentary environments. In such environments, GPR data acquisition and processing are increasingly following 3D strategies. However, the processed GPR data volumes are typically still interpreted using selected 2D slices and manual concepts such as GPR facies analyses. In seismic volume interpretation, the application of (semi-)automated and reproducible approaches such as 3D attribute analyses as well as the production of attribute-based facies models are common practices today. In contrast, the field of 3D GPR attribute analyses and corresponding facies models is largely untapped. We have developed and applied a workflow to produce 3D attribute-based GPR facies models comprising the dominant sedimentary reflection patterns in a GPR volume, which images complex sandy structures on the dune island of Spiekeroog (Northern Germany). After presenting our field site and details regarding our data acquisition and processing, we calculate and filter 3D texture attributes to generate a database comprising the dominant texture features of our GPR data. Then, we perform a dimensionality reduction of this database to obtain meta texture attributes, which we analyze and integrate using composite imaging and (also considering additional geometric information) fuzzy c-means cluster analysis resulting in a classified GPR facies model. Considering our facies model and a corresponding GPR facies chart, we interpret our GPR data set in terms of near-surface sedimentary units, the corresponding depositional environments, and the recent formation history at our field site. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of our workflow, which represents a novel and clear strategy to perform a more objective and consistent interpretation of 3D GPR data collected across different sedimentary environments. KW - ground-penetrating radar KW - attributes KW - interpretation KW - sedimentology Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1190/GEO2021-0204.1 SN - 0016-8033 SN - 1942-2156 VL - 86 IS - 6 SP - B335 EP - B347 PB - Society of Exploration Geophysicists CY - Tulsa ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gerhard, Reimund T1 - 50 years of International Symposia on Electrets from 1967 to 2017 BT - a global history JF - IEEE electrical insulation magazine / Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers N2 - The prehistory of electrets is not known yet, but it is quite likely that the electrostatic charging behavior of amber (Greek: τò ηλεκτρoν, i.e., “electron”) already was familiar to people in ancient cultures (China, Egypt, Greece, etc.), before the Greek philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus (6th century BCE)-or rather his disciples and followers-reported it in writing (cf. Figure 1). More than two millennia later, William Gilbert (1544–1603), the physician of Queen Elizabeth I, coined the term “electric” in his book De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (1600) for dielectric materials that attract like amber and that included sulfur and glass [1]. The second half of the 18th century saw the invention of the electrophorus or electrophore [2], a capacitive electret device, in 1762 by Johan Carl Wilcke (1732–1796). Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2021.9352710 SN - 0883-7554 SN - 1558-4402 VL - 37 IS - 2 SP - 50 EP - 55 PB - IEEE CY - New York, NY ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sperlich, Eric A1 - Köckerling, Martin T1 - [Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)4(OCH3)2] ⋅ DABCO ⋅ 1.66 CH2Cl2 BT - cluster units wrapped in a network of hydrogen bonds JF - Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie : ZAAC = Journal of inorganic and general chemistry N2 - An easy-to-do synthesis for the hexanuclear niobium cluster compound [Nb6Cl12(CH3OH)(4)(OCH3)(2)] . DABCO . 1.66 CH2Cl2 has been developed. An one-pot reaction between the cluster precursor [Nb6Cl14(H2O)(4)] . 4H(2)O and methanol with the addition of DABCO leads to the crystallization of the title compound in high yield within a few minutes. The single-crystal X-ray structure of this cluster compound has been determined. Very strong, nearly symmetric intercluster hydrogen bonds Nb-6-MeO...H...OMe-Nb-6 are present between the cluster units. A bridging co-crystalline DABCO molecule is also involved in a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network. KW - Niobium KW - Cluster KW - Hydrogen Bonds KW - Synthesis KW - Structure Determination Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/zaac.202100138 SN - 0044-2313 SN - 1521-3749 VL - 647 IS - 18 SP - 1759 EP - 1763 PB - Wiley-VCH CY - Weinheim ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rabe, Maximilian Michael A1 - Chandra, Johan A1 - Krügel, André A1 - Seelig, Stefan A. A1 - Vasishth, Shravan A1 - Engbert, Ralf T1 - A bayesian approach to dynamical modeling of eye-movement control in reading of normal, mirrored, and scrambled texts JF - Psychological Review N2 - In eye-movement control during reading, advanced process-oriented models have been developed to reproduce behavioral data. So far, model complexity and large numbers of model parameters prevented rigorous statistical inference and modeling of interindividual differences. Here we propose a Bayesian approach to both problems for one representative computational model of sentence reading (SWIFT; Engbert et al., Psychological Review, 112, 2005, pp. 777-813). We used experimental data from 36 subjects who read the text in a normal and one of four manipulated text layouts (e.g., mirrored and scrambled letters). The SWIFT model was fitted to subjects and experimental conditions individually to investigate between- subject variability. Based on posterior distributions of model parameters, fixation probabilities and durations are reliably recovered from simulated data and reproduced for withheld empirical data, at both the experimental condition and subject levels. A subsequent statistical analysis of model parameters across reading conditions generates model-driven explanations for observable effects between conditions. KW - reading eye movements KW - dynamical models KW - Bayesian inference KW - oculomotor KW - control KW - individual differences Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000268 SN - 0033-295X SN - 1939-1471 VL - 128 IS - 5 SP - 803 EP - 823 PB - American Psychological Association CY - Washington ER -