TY  - JOUR
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Zohsel, Katrin
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Hohmann, Sarah
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
T1  - Gene x environment interactions in conduct disorder
BT  - Implications for future treatments
JF  - Neuroscience & biobehavioral reviews : official journal of the International Behavioral Neuroscience Society
N2  - Conduct disorder (CD) causes high financial and social costs, not only in affected families but across society, with only moderately effective treatments so far. There is consensus that CD is likely caused by the convergence of many different factors, including genetic and adverse environmental factors. There is ample evidence of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of CD on a behavioral level regarding genetically sensitive designs and candidate gene-driven approaches, most prominently and consistently represented by MAOA. However, conclusive indications of causal GxE patterns are largely lacking. Inconsistent findings, lack of replication and methodological limitations remain a major challenge. Likewise, research addressing the identification of affected brain pathways which reflect plausible biological mechanisms underlying GxE is still very sparse. Future research will have to take multilevel approaches into account, which combine genetic, environmental, epigenetic, personality, neural and hormone perspectives. A better understanding of relevant GxE patterns in the etiology of CD might enable researchers to design customized treatment options (e.g. biofeedback interventions) for specific subgroups of patients.
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
KW  - Conduct disorder
KW  - Aggression
KW  - Externalizing behavior
KW  - fMRI
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.017
SN  - 0149-7634
SN  - 1873-7528
VL  - 91
SP  - 239
EP  - 258
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Oxford
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Boecker-Schlier, Regina
A1  - Holz, Nathalie E.
A1  - Buchmann, Arlette F.
A1  - Blomeyer, Dorothea
A1  - Plichta, Michael M.
A1  - Jennen-Steinmetz, Christine
A1  - Wolf, Isabella
A1  - Baumeister, Sarah
A1  - Treutleind, Jens
A1  - Rietschel, Marcella
A1  - Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Brandeis, Daniel
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Interaction between COMT Val(158)Met polymorphism and childhood adversity affects reward processing in adulthood
JF  - NeuroImage : a journal of brain function
N2  - Background: Accumulating evidence suggests that altered dopamine transmission may increase the risk of mental disorders such as ADHD, schizophrenia or depression, possibly mediated by reward system dysfunction. This study aimed to clarify the impact of the COMT Val(158)Met polymorphism in interaction with environmental variation (G x E) on neuronal activity during reward processing. Methods: 168 healthy young adults from a prospective study conducted over 25 years participated in amonetary incentive delay task measured with simultaneous EEG-fMRI. DNA was genotyped for COMT, and childhood family adversity (CFA) up to age 11 was assessed by a standardized parent interview. Results: At reward delivery, a G x E revealed that fMRI activation for win vs. no-win trials in reward-related regions increased with the level of CFA in Met homozygotes as compared to Val/Met heterozygotes and Val homozygotes, who showed no significant effect. During the anticipation of monetary vs. verbal rewards, activation decreased with the level of CFA, which was also observed for EEG, in which the CNV declined with the level of CFA. Conclusions: These results identify convergent genetic and environmental effects on reward processing in a prospective study. Moreover, G x E effects during reward delivery suggest that stress during childhood is associated with higher reward sensitivity and reduced efficiency in processing rewarding stimuli in genetically at-risk individuals. Together with previous evidence, these results begin to define a specific system mediating interacting effects of early environmental and genetic risk factors, which may be targeted by early intervention and prevention. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KW  - Reward processing
KW  - COMT Val(158)Met polymorphism
KW  - Childhood adversity
KW  - Gene-environment interaction
KW  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - Electroencephalography
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.006
SN  - 1053-8119
SN  - 1095-9572
VL  - 132
SP  - 556
EP  - 570
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - San Diego
ER  -