TY  - JOUR
A1  - Wang, Jing
A1  - Fritzsch, Claire
A1  - Bernarding, Johannes
A1  - Krause, Thomas
A1  - Mauritz, Karl-Heinz
A1  - Brunetti, Maddalena
A1  - Dohle, Christian
T1  - Cerebral activation evoked by the mirror illusion of the hand in stroke patients compared to normal subjects
JF  - Neurorehabilitation : an interdisciplinary journal
N2  - BACKGROUND: Mirror therapy (MT) was found to improve motor function after stroke, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear, especially in single stroke patients.
 OBJECTIVES: The following imaging study was designed to compare brain activation patterns evoked by the mirror illusion in single stroke patients with normal subjects.
 METHODS: Fifteen normal volunteers and five stroke patients with severe arm paresis were recruited. Cerebral activations during movement mirroring by means of a video chain were recorded with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Single-subject analysis was performed using SPM 8.
 RESULTS: For normal subjects, ten and thirteen subjects displayed lateralized cerebral activations evoked by the mirror illusion while moving their right and left hand respectively. The magnitude of this effect in the precuneus contralateral to the seen hand was not dependent on movement speed or subjective experience. Negative correlation of activation strength with age was found for the right hand only. The activation pattern in stroke patients is comparable to that of normal subjects and present in four out of five patients.
 CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the mirror illusion can elicit cerebral activation contralateral to the perceived hand in the majority of single normal subjects, but not in all of them. This is similar even in stroke patients with severe hemiparesis.
KW  - Movement
KW  - mirror illusion
KW  - imaging
KW  - mirror therapy
KW  - stroke
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-130999
SN  - 1053-8135
SN  - 1878-6448
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
SP  - 593
EP  - 603
PB  - IOS Press
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Draude, F.
A1  - Galla, S.
A1  - Pelster, Axel
A1  - Tentschert, J.
A1  - Jungnickel, H.
A1  - Haase, Alfred
A1  - Mantion, Alexandre
A1  - Thuenemann, Andreas F.
A1  - Taubert, Andreas
A1  - Luch, A.
A1  - Arlinghaus, H. F.
T1  - ToF-SIMS and Laser-SNMS analysis of macrophages after exposure to silver nanoparticles
JF  - Surface and interface analysis : an international journal devoted to the development and application of techniques for the analysis surfaces, interfaces and thin films
N2  - Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are among the most commercialized nanoparticles because of their antibacterial effects. Besides being employed, e. g. as a coatingmaterial for sterile surfaces in household articles and appliances, the particles are also used in a broad range of medical applications. Their antibacterial properties make SNPs especially useful for wound disinfection or as a coating material for prostheses and surgical instruments. Because of their optical characteristics, the particles are of increasing interest in biodetection as well. Despite the widespread use of SNPs, there is little knowledge of their toxicity. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and laser post-ionization secondary neutral mass spectrometry (Laser-SNMS) were used to investigate the effects of SNPs on human macrophages derived from THP-1 cells in vitro. For this purpose, macrophages were exposed to SNPs. The SNP concentration ranges were chosen with regard to functional impairments of the macrophages. To optimize the analysis of the macrophages, a special silicon wafer sandwich preparation technique was employed; ToF-SIMS was employed to characterize fragments originating from macrophage cell membranes. With the use of this optimized sample preparation method, the SNP-exposed macrophages were analyzed with ToF-SIMS and with Laser-SNMS. With Laser-SNMS, the three-dimensional distribution of SNPs in cells could be readily detected with very high efficiency, sensitivity, and submicron lateral resolution. We found an accumulation of SNPs directly beneath the cell membrane in a nanoparticular state as well as agglomerations of SNPs inside the cells.
KW  - Laser-SNMS
KW  - ToF-SIMS
KW  - life sciences
KW  - imaging
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - three-dimensional depth profiling
Y1  - 2013
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1002/sia.4902
SN  - 0142-2421
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
SP  - 286
EP  - 289
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
CY  - Hoboken
ER  -