TY - JOUR A1 - Wache, Remi A1 - McCarthy, Denis N. A1 - Risse, Sebastian A1 - Kofod, Guggi T1 - Rotary Motion Achieved by New Torsional Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Design JF - IEEE ASME transactions on mechatronics N2 - This paper reports a new way to produce a rotation motion actuated by dielectric elastomer actuators. Two specific electrode designs have been developed and the rotation of the actuator centers has been demonstrated and measured. At low strains, the rotation shows a nearly quadratic dependence with the voltage. This behavior was used to compare the performances between the two proposed designs. Among the tested configurations, a maximal rotation of 10 degrees was achieved. KW - Dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) KW - electroactive polymer KW - rotation Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1109/TMECH.2014.2301633 SN - 1083-4435 SN - 1941-014X VL - 20 IS - 2 SP - 975 EP - 977 PB - Inst. of Electr. and Electronics Engineers CY - Piscataway ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Yang A1 - Huang, Wentao A1 - Huang, Baochun A1 - van Hinsbergen, Douwe J. J. A1 - Yang, Tao A1 - Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume A1 - Guo, Zhaojie T1 - 53-43Ma Deformation of Eastern Tibet Revealed by Three Stages of Tectonic Rotation in the Gongjue Basin JF - Journal of geophysical research : Solid earth N2 - The Gongjue basin from the eastern Qiangtang terrane is located in the transition region where the regional structural lineation curves from east-west-oriented in Tibet to north-south-oriented in Yunnan. In this study, we sampled the red beds in the basin from the lower Gongjue to upper Ranmugou formations for the first time covering the entire stratigraphic profile. The stratigraphic ages are bracketed within 53-43Ma by new detrital zircon U-Pb ages constraining the maximum deposition age to 52.51.5Ma. Rock magnetic and petrographic studies indicate that detrital magnetite and hematite are the magnetic carriers. Positive reversals and fold tests demonstrate that the characteristic remanent magnetization has a primary origin. The Gongjue and Ranmugou formations yield mean characteristic remanent magnetization directions of D-s/I-s=31.0 degrees/21.3 degrees and D-s/I-s=15.9 degrees/22.0 degrees, respectively. The magnetic inclination of these characteristic remanent magnetizations is significantly shallowed compared to the expected inclination for the locality. However, the elongation/inclination correction method does not provide a meaningful correction, likely because of syn-depositional rotation. Rotations relative to the Eurasian apparent polar wander path occurred in three stages: Stage I, 33.33.4 degrees clockwise rotation during the deposition of the Gongjue and lower Ranmugou formations; Stage II, 26.93.7 degrees counterclockwise rotation during deposition of the lower and middle Ranmugou formation; and Stage III, 17.73.3 degrees clockwise rotation after 43Ma. The complex rotation history recorded in the basin is possibly linked to sinistral shear along the Qiangtang block during India indentation into Asia and the early stage of the extrusion of the northwestern Indochina blocks away from eastern Tibet. KW - eastern Qiangtang terrane KW - Gongjue basin KW - paleomagnetism KW - inclination shallowing KW - rotation Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JB015443 SN - 2169-9313 SN - 2169-9356 VL - 123 IS - 5 SP - 3320 EP - 3338 PB - American Geophysical Union CY - Washington ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Abderrahman, Abderraouf Ben A1 - Dupont, Gregory A1 - Truptin, Pablo A1 - Le Bris, Régis A1 - Le Postec, Erwan A1 - Sghaeir, Zouita A1 - Brughelli, Matt A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Bideau, Benoit T1 - Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players JF - Frontiers in Physiology N2 - Background: Agility in general and change-of-direction speed (CoD) in particular represent important performance determinants in elite soccer. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training program on agility performance, and to determine differences in movement times between the slower and faster turning directions in elite soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty male elite soccer players from the Stade Rennais Football Club (Ligue 1, France) participated in this study. The players were randomly assigned to a neuromuscular training group (NTG, n = 10) or an active control (CG, n = 10) according to their playing position. NTG participated in a 6-week, twice per week neuromuscular training program that included CoD, plyometric and dynamic stability exercises. Neuromuscular training replaced the regular warm-up program. Each training session lasted 30 min. CG continued their regular training program. Training volume was similar between groups. Before and after the intervention, the two groups performed a reactive agility test that included 180° left and right body rotations followed by a 5-m linear sprint. The weak side was defined as the left/right turning direction that produced slower overall movement times (MT). Reaction time (RT) was assessed and defined as the time from the first appearance of a visual stimulus until the athlete’s first movement. MT corresponded to the time from the first movement until the athlete reached the arrival gate (5 m distance). Results: No significant between-group baseline differences were observed for RT or MT. Significant group x time interactions were found for MT (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.332, small) for the slower and faster directions (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.627, moderate). Significant pre-to post improvements in MT were observed for NTG but not CG (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.877, moderate). For NTG, post hoc analyses revealed significant MT improvements for the slower (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.897, moderate) and faster directions (p = 0.017, effect size = 0.968, moderate). Conclusion: Our results illustrate that 6 weeks of neuromuscular training with two sessions per week included in the warm-up program, significantly enhanced agility performance in elite soccer players. Moreover, improvements were found on both sides during body rotations. Thus, practitioners are advised to focus their training programs on both turning directions. KW - laterality KW - football KW - footedness KW - eyedness KW - rotation KW - team sport Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00947 SN - 1664-042X VL - 10 PB - Frontiers Research Foundation CY - Lausanne ER - TY - GEN A1 - Zouhal, Hassane A1 - Abderrahman, Abderraouf Ben A1 - Dupont, Gregory A1 - Truptin, Pablo A1 - Le Bris, Régis A1 - Le Postec, Erwan A1 - Sghaeir, Zouita A1 - Brughelli, Matt A1 - Granacher, Urs A1 - Bideau, Benoit T1 - Effects of Neuromuscular Training on Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players T2 - Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Background: Agility in general and change-of-direction speed (CoD) in particular represent important performance determinants in elite soccer. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of a 6-week neuromuscular training program on agility performance, and to determine differences in movement times between the slower and faster turning directions in elite soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twenty male elite soccer players from the Stade Rennais Football Club (Ligue 1, France) participated in this study. The players were randomly assigned to a neuromuscular training group (NTG, n = 10) or an active control (CG, n = 10) according to their playing position. NTG participated in a 6-week, twice per week neuromuscular training program that included CoD, plyometric and dynamic stability exercises. Neuromuscular training replaced the regular warm-up program. Each training session lasted 30 min. CG continued their regular training program. Training volume was similar between groups. Before and after the intervention, the two groups performed a reactive agility test that included 180° left and right body rotations followed by a 5-m linear sprint. The weak side was defined as the left/right turning direction that produced slower overall movement times (MT). Reaction time (RT) was assessed and defined as the time from the first appearance of a visual stimulus until the athlete’s first movement. MT corresponded to the time from the first movement until the athlete reached the arrival gate (5 m distance). Results: No significant between-group baseline differences were observed for RT or MT. Significant group x time interactions were found for MT (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.332, small) for the slower and faster directions (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.627, moderate). Significant pre-to post improvements in MT were observed for NTG but not CG (p = 0.011, effect size = 0.877, moderate). For NTG, post hoc analyses revealed significant MT improvements for the slower (p = 0.012, effect size = 0.897, moderate) and faster directions (p = 0.017, effect size = 0.968, moderate). Conclusion: Our results illustrate that 6 weeks of neuromuscular training with two sessions per week included in the warm-up program, significantly enhanced agility performance in elite soccer players. Moreover, improvements were found on both sides during body rotations. Thus, practitioners are advised to focus their training programs on both turning directions. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe - 575 KW - laterality KW - football KW - footedness KW - eyedness KW - rotation KW - team sport Y1 - 2019 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-437358 SN - 1866-8364 IS - 575 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lehr, Christian A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar T1 - Efficient screening of groundwater head monitoring data for anthropogenic effects and measurement errors JF - Hydrology and Earth System Sciences N2 - Groundwater levels are monitored by environmental agencies to support the sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose continuous and spatially comprehensive monitoring in high spatial and temporal resolution is desired. This leads to large datasets that have to be checked for quality and analysed to distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural variability of the groundwater level dynamics at each well. Both technical problems with the measurements as well as local anthropogenic influences can lead to local anomalies in the hydrographs. We suggest a fast and efficient screening method for the identification of well-specific peculiarities in hydrographs of groundwater head monitoring networks. The only information required is a set of time series of groundwater heads all measured at the same instants of time. For each well of the monitoring network a reference hydrograph is calculated, describing expected "normal" behaviour at the respective well as is typical for the monitored region. The reference hydrograph is calculated by multiple linear regression of the observed hydrograph with the "stable" principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis of all groundwater head series of the network as predictor variables. The stable PCs are those PCs which were found in a random subsampling procedure to be rather insensitive to the specific selection of the analysed observation wells, i.e. complete series, and to the specific selection of measurement dates. Hence they can be considered to be representative for the monitored region in the respective period. The residuals of the reference hydrograph describe local deviations from the normal behaviour. Peculiarities in the residuals allow the data to be checked for measurement errors and the wells with a possible anthropogenic influence to be identified. The approach was tested with 141 groundwater head time series from the state authority groundwater monitoring network in northeastern Germany covering the period from 1993 to 2013 at an approximately weekly frequency of measurement. KW - streamflow variability KW - principal components KW - united states KW - time-seriesa KW - water KW - network KW - nonstationarity KW - fluctuations KW - rotation Y1 - 2020 U6 - https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-501-2020 SN - 1027-5606 SN - 1607-7938 VL - 24 IS - 2 SP - 501 EP - 513 PB - Copernicus CY - Göttingen ER - TY - GEN A1 - Lehr, Christian A1 - Lischeid, Gunnar T1 - Efficient screening of groundwater head monitoring data for anthropogenic effects and measurement errors T2 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe N2 - Groundwater levels are monitored by environmental agencies to support the sustainable use of groundwater resources. For this purpose continuous and spatially comprehensive monitoring in high spatial and temporal resolution is desired. This leads to large datasets that have to be checked for quality and analysed to distinguish local anthropogenic influences from natural variability of the groundwater level dynamics at each well. Both technical problems with the measurements as well as local anthropogenic influences can lead to local anomalies in the hydrographs. We suggest a fast and efficient screening method for the identification of well-specific peculiarities in hydrographs of groundwater head monitoring networks. The only information required is a set of time series of groundwater heads all measured at the same instants of time. For each well of the monitoring network a reference hydrograph is calculated, describing expected “normal” behaviour at the respective well as is typical for the monitored region. The reference hydrograph is calculated by multiple linear regression of the observed hydrograph with the “stable” principal components (PCs) of a principal component analysis of all groundwater head series of the network as predictor variables. The stable PCs are those PCs which were found in a random subsampling procedure to be rather insensitive to the specific selection of the analysed observation wells, i.e. complete series, and to the specific selection of measurement dates. Hence they can be considered to be representative for the monitored region in the respective period. The residuals of the reference hydrograph describe local deviations from the normal behaviour. Peculiarities in the residuals allow the data to be checked for measurement errors and the wells with a possible anthropogenic influence to be identified. The approach was tested with 141 groundwater head time series from the state authority groundwater monitoring network in northeastern Germany covering the period from 1993 to 2013 at an approximately weekly frequency of measurement. T3 - Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe - 1424 KW - streamflow variability KW - principal components KW - united states KW - time-series KW - water KW - network KW - nonstationarity KW - fluctuations KW - rotation Y1 - 2020 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-511992 SN - 1866-8372 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rüdiger, Günther A1 - Küker, Manfred T1 - Angular momentum transport by magnetoconvection and the magnetic modulation of the solar differential rotation JF - Astronomy and astrophysics : an international weekly journal / European Southern Observatory (ESO) N2 - In order to explain the variance of the solar rotation law during the activity minima and maxima, the angular momentum transport by rotating magnetoconvection is simulated in a convective box penetrated by an inclined azimuthal magnetic field. Turbulence-induced kinetic and magnetic stresses and the Lorentz force of the large-scale magnetic background field are the basic transporters of angular momentum. Without rotation, the sign of the magnetic stresses naturally depends on the signs of the field components as positive (negative) B theta B phi transport the angular momentum poleward (equatorward). For fast enough rotation, however, the turbulence-originated Reynolds stresses start to dominate the transport of the angular momentum flux. The simulations show that positive ratios of the two meridional magnetic field components to the azimuthal field reduce the inward radial as well as the equatorward latitudinal transport, which result from hydrodynamic calculations. Only for B theta B phi>0 (generated by solar-type rotation laws with an accelerated equator) does the magnetic-influenced rotation at the solar surface prove to be flatter than the nonmagnetic profile together with the observed slight spin-down of the equator. The latter phenomenon does not appear for antisolar rotation with polar vortex as well as for rotation laws with prevailing radial shear. KW - magnetic fields KW - Sun KW - rotation KW - convection Y1 - 2021 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039912 SN - 1432-0746 VL - 649 PB - EDP Sciences CY - Les Ulis ER - TY - THES A1 - Gruner, David T1 - New frontiers in gyrochronology T1 - Neue Horizonte in Gyrochronologie BT - exploring the evolution of stellar rotation in open clusters and wide binaries BT - eine Untersuchung der Entwicklung von Sternrotation in offenen Sternhaufen und weiten Doppelsternsystemen N2 - Late-type stars are by far the most frequent stars in the universe and of fundamental interest to various fields of astronomy – most notably to Galactic archaeology and exoplanet research. However, such stars barely change during their main sequence lifetime; their temperature, luminosity, or chemical composition evolve only very slowly over the course of billions of years. As such, it is difficult to obtain the age of such a star, especially when it is isolated and no other indications (like cluster association) can be used. Gyrochronology offers a way to overcome this problem. Stars, just like all other objects in the universe, rotate and the rate at which stars rotate impacts many aspects of their appearance and evolution. Gyrochronology leverages the observed rotation rate of a late-type main sequence star and its systematic evolution to estimate their ages. Unlike the above-mentioned parameters, the rotation rate of a main sequence star changes drastically throughout its main sequence lifetime; stars spin down. The youngest stars rotate every few hours, whereas much older stars rotate only about once a month, or – in the case of some late M-stars – once in a hundred days. Given that this spindown is systematic (with an additional mass dependence), it gave rise to the idea of using the observed rotation rate of a star (and its mass or a suitable proxy thereof) to estimate a star’s age. This has been explored widely in young stellar open clusters but remains essentially unconstrained for stars older than the sun, and K and M stars older than 1 Gyr. This thesis focuses on the continued exploration of the spindown behavior to assess, whether gyrochronology remains applicable for stars of old ages, whether it is universal for late-type main sequence stars (including field stars), and to provide calibration mileposts for spindown models. To accomplish this, I have analyzed data from Kepler space telescope for the open clusters Ruprecht 147 (2.7 Gyr old) and M 67 (4 Gyr). Time series photometry data (light curves) were obtained for both clusters during Kepler’s K2 mission. However, due to technical limitations and telescope malfunctions, extracting usable data from the K2 mission to identify (especially long) rotation periods requires extensive data preparation. For Ruprecht 147, I have compiled a list of about 300 cluster members from the literature and adopted preprocessed light curves from the Kepler archive where available. They have been cleaned of the gravest of data artifacts but still contained systematics. After correcting them for said artifacts, I was able to identify rotation periods in 31 of them. For M 67 more effort was taken. My work on Ruprecht 147 has shown the limitations imposed by the preselection of Kepler targets. Therefore, I adopted the time series full frame image directly and performed photometry on a much higher spatial resolution to be able to obtain data for as many stars as possible. This also means that I had to deal with the ubiquitous artifacts in Kepler data. For that, I devised a method that correlates the artificial flux variations with the ongoing drift of the telescope pointing in order to remove it. This process was a large success and I was able to create light curves whose quality match and even exceede those that were created by the Kepler mission – all while operating on higher spatial resolution and processing fainter stars. Ultimately, I was able to identify signs of periodic variability in the (created) light curves for 31 and 47 stars in Ruprecht 147 and M 67, respectively. My data connect well to bluer stars of cluster of the same age and extend for the first time to stars redder than early-K and older than 1 Gyr. The cluster data show a clear flattening in the distribution of Ruprecht 147 and even a downturn for M 67, resulting in a somewhat sinusoidal shape. With that, I have shown that the systematic spindown of stars continues at least until 4 Gyr and stars continue to live on a single surface in age-rotation periods-mass space which allows gyrochronology to be used at least up to that age. However, the shape of the spindown – as exemplified by the newly discovered sinusoidal shape of the cluster sequence – deviates strongly from the expectations. I then compiled an extensive sample of rotation data in open clusters – very much including my own work – and used the resulting cluster skeleton (with each cluster forming a rip in color-rotation period-mass space) to investigate if field stars follow the same spindown as cluster stars. For the field stars, I used wide binaries, which – with their shared origin and coevality – are in a sense the smallest possible open clusters. I devised an empirical method to evaluate the consistency between the rotation rates of the wide binary components and found that the vast majority of them are in fact consistent with what is observed in open clusters. This leads me to conclude that gyrochronology – calibrated on open clusters – can be applied to determine the ages of field stars. N2 - Sterne mit späten Spektraltypen sind mit Abstand die Häufigsten im Universum und von großem Interesse für verschiedene Bereiche der Astronomie. Dabei sind insbesondere galaktische Archäologie und die Erforschung von Exoplanten zu nennen. Das Problem ist jedoch, dass sich diese Sterne nur sehr langsam entwickeln; ihre Temperatur, Helligkeit und chemische Zusammensetzung ändern kaum während ihrer langen Hauptreihenphase. Daher ist es schwierig für solche Sterne ein Alter zu bestimmen – vorallem wenn sie isoliert sind und es keine anderne Indikatoren (z.B. die Zugehörigkeit zu einem Sternhaufen) gibt. Eine Möglichkeit dieses Problem zu umgehen ist Gyrochronologie. Sterne, wie alle anderen Objekte im Universum, rotieren und die Rate, mit der sie rotieren, beeinflusst viele Aspekte ihrer Evolution. Gyrochronologie nutzt die beobachtete Rotation und ihre Änderung mit der Zeit als ein Mittel zur Altersbestimmung. Anders als zuvor genannte Parameter ändert sich die Rate, mit der Sterne rotieren, deutlich im Laufe ihrer Hauptreihenentwicklung. Sie verlangsamt sich. Junge Sterne rotieren in wenigen Stunden einmal um sich selbst – ältere brauchen dafür schon einen Monat oder gar bis zu über hundert Tage. Die Tatsache, dass das Abbremsen systematischen Gesetzmäßigkeiten unterliegt, gebar die Idee dies zu nutzen um das Alter eines Sternes zu bestimmen. Das Verhalten junger Sterne wurde ausführlich erfoscht, jedoch für die meisten Sterne älter als 1 Gyr nicht bekannt, wie sich die Rotationsraten entwickeln. Diese Arbeit fokussiert sich auf die fortgesetzte Erforschung des Abbremsens; insbesondere ob Gyrochronologie auch für ältere Sterne nutzbar ist, ob es universell für alle Sterne (inklusive Feldsterne) ist und darauf weitere Kalibrationspunkte für Abbrems-Modelle bereitzustellen. Dafür habe ich, basierend auf photometrischen Zeitserien (Lichtkurven) von Keplers K2 Programm, die offenen Sternhaufen Ruprecht 147 (2.7 Gyr alt) and M 67 (4 Gyr) untersucht. Es sind jedoch umfangreiche Schritte in der Datenverarbeitung notwendig um Fehlfunktionen und technischen Limitationen des Teleskops zu begegnen. Für Ruprecht 147 habe ich aus Literaturdaten eine Liste von 300 Haufen-zugehörigen Sternen erstellt und mit fertigreduzierte Lichtkurven aus dem Kepler Archiv kombiniert. Die gröbsten Datensystematiken wurden in diesen bereinigt, denoch sind problematische Artefakte weiterhin vorhanden. Die Arbeit an Ruprecht 147 hat die Limitationen von archivierten Kepler Daten gezeigt. Daher wurde für M 67 mehr Aufwand betrieben. Direkt basierend auf den photometrischen Auffnahmen habe ich eigene Lichtkurven erzeugt, was eine deutlich höhere räumliche Auflösung erlaubt hat. Das hieß jedoch auch, dass ich mich mit all Systematiken in Kepler Daten befassen musste. Dafür habe ich eine Methodik konzipiert, die die künstlichen Variation im aufgezeichneten Fluss mit der Position eines Sterns auf dem Detektor korreliert und daraus eine Korrektur bestimmt. Dieser Prozess war so erfolgreich, dass ich Lichtkurven kreiert habe, die in ihrer Qualität an die archivierten Daten heran kommen oder sie gar übersteigen. Nach entsprechender Korrektur der Artefakte konnte ich Rotationsperioden für 31 (in Ruprecht 147) und 47 (in M 67) Sterne identifizieren. Genau wie zuvor in jüngeren Sternhaufen gesehen, folgen auch die äelteren Sternhaufen einer klaren Sequenz im Farb-Rotations-Raum. Meine Daten schließen direkt an Ergebnisse gleichaltriger Haufen an und erweitern diese zum ersten Mal zu Sternen älter als 1 Gyr und röter als frühe K-Sterne. Meine Ergebnisse zeigen eine deutliche Abweichung von der erwarteten Entwicklung, verkörpert durch eine klare Abflachung der Sequenz für Ruprecht 147, die für M 67 eine sinusförmige Struktur annimmt. Dennoch konnte ich damit zeigen, dass sich das systematische Abbremsen der Rotation von Sterne auch bis 4 Gyr fortsetzt und Sterne sich weiterhin auf eine wohldefinierten Ebene im Farb-Rotations-Alters-Raum befinden. Das heißt auch, Gyrochronologie kann mindestens für bis zu 4 Gyr alte Sterne genutzt werden. Basierend auf meinen eigenen Ergebnissen und Literaturdaten für jüngere Sternhaufen habe ich einen Vergleich mit Feldsternen durchgeführt. Die Feldsterne für diesen Vergleich entstammen weiten Doppelsternsystemen. Deren gemeinsamer Ursprung erlaubt eine Evaluierung der inneren Konsistenz beider Sterne. Mein Vergleich hat gezeigt, dass Doppelsternsysteme mit sich selbst aber auch mit den Sternhaufen konsistent sind. Ich habe damit erstmalig gezeigt, dass sich die Rotation von Feldsternen und Haufensternen gleich entwickelt. In Konsequenz bedeutet dies auch, dass Gyrochronologie angewandt werden kann, um das Alter von Feldsternen zu bestimmen. KW - Gyrochronologie KW - gyrochronology KW - spindown KW - rotation KW - Rotation Y1 - 2023 U6 - http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-615268 ER -