TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Belanger, Nathalie N.
A1  - Shu, Hua
T1  - Chinese deaf readers have early access to parafoveal semantics
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - In the present study, we manipulated different types of information available in the parafovea during the reading of Chinese sentences and examined how deaf readers make use of the parafoveal information. Results clearly indicate that although the reading-level matched hearing readers make greater use of orthographic information in the parafovea, parafoveal semantic information is obtained earlier among the deaf readers. In addition, a phonological preview benefit effect was found for the better deaf readers (relative to less-skilled deaf readers), although we also provide an alternative explanation for this effect. Providing evidence that Chinese deaf readers have higher efficiency when processing parafoveal semantics, the study indicates flexibility across individuals in the mechanisms underlying word recognition adapting to the inputs available in the linguistic environment.
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - sentence reading
KW  - Chinese
KW  - deaf readers
Y1  - 2015
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000035
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
SP  - 254
EP  - 261
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Kliegl, Reinhold
T1  - CarPrice versus CarpRice: Word Boundary Ambiguity Influences Saccade Target Selection During the Reading of Chinese Sentences
JF  - Journal of experimental psychology : Learning, memory, and cognition
N2  - As a contribution to a theoretical debate about the degree of high-level influences on saccade targeting during sentence reading, we investigated eye movements during the reading of structurally ambiguous Chinese character strings and examined whether parafoveal word segmentation could influence saccade-target selection. As expected, ambiguous strings took longer to process. More critically there were theoretically relevant interactions between ambiguity and launch site when first-fixation location and saccade amplitude served as dependent variables: Ambiguous strings in the parafovea triggered longer saccades and more rightward fixations for close launch sites than unambiguous ones; the reverse result was obtained for far launch sites. These crossover interactions indicate that parafoveal word segmentation influences saccade generation in Chinese and provide support of the hypothesis that high-level information can be involved in the decision about where to fixate next.
KW  - Chinese
KW  - ambiguity
KW  - fixation location
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - word segmentation
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1037/xlm0000276
SN  - 0278-7393
SN  - 1939-1285
VL  - 42
SP  - 1832
EP  - 1838
PB  - American Psychological Association
CY  - Washington
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pan, Jinger
A1  - Yan, Ming
A1  - Laubrock, Jochen
T1  - Semantic preview benefit and cost
BT  - evidence from parafoveal fast-priming paradigm
JF  - Cognition : international journal of cognitive science
N2  - How is semantic information in the mental lexicon accessed and selected during reading? Readers process information of both the foveal and parafoveal words. Recent eye-tracking studies hint at bi-phasic lexical activation dynamics, demonstrating that semantically related parafoveal previews can either facilitate, or interfere with lexical processing of target words in comparison to unrelated previews, with the size and direction of the effect depending on exposure time to parafoveal previews. However, evidence to date is only correlational, because exposure time was determined by participants' pre-target fixation durations. Here we experimentally controlled parafoveal preview exposure duration using a combination of the gaze-contingent fast-priming and boundary paradigms. We manipulated preview duration and examined the time course of parafoveal semantic activation during the oral reading of Chinese sentences in three experiments. Semantic previews led to faster lexical access of target words than unrelated previews only when the previews were presented briefly (80 ms in Experiments 1 and 3). Longer exposure time (100 ms or 150 ms) eliminated semantic preview effects, and full preview without duration limit resulted in preview cost, i.e., a reversal of preview benefit. Our results indicate that high-level semantic information can be obtained from parafoveal words and the size and direction of the parafoveal semantic effect depends on the level of lexical activation.
KW  - parafoveal
KW  - oral reading
KW  - Chinese
KW  - semantic preview cost
Y1  - 2020
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104452
SN  - 0010-0277
SN  - 1873-7838
VL  - 205
PB  - Elsevier
CY  - Amsterdam
ER  -