TY  - JOUR
A1  - Libuda, Lars
A1  - Mesch, Christina M.
A1  - Stimming, Madlen
A1  - Demmelmair, Hans
A1  - Koletzko, Berthold
A1  - Warschburger, Petra
A1  - Blanke, Katharina
A1  - Reischl, Eva
A1  - Kalhoff, Hermann
A1  - Kersting, Mathilde
T1  - Fatty acid supply with complementary foods and LC-PUFA status in healthy infants: results of a randomised controlled trial
JF  - European journal of nutrition
N2  - Purpose Introduction of complementary food usually leads to decreasing intakes of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), compared to full breast-feeding. In the randomised controlled PINGU intervention trial, we tested the effects of complementary foods with different contents of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on term infant LC-PUFA status. Methods Healthy infants born at term were randomised to receive from the introduction of complementary feeding at the age of 4 to 6 months until age of 10 months ready-made complementary meals either with ALA-rich rapeseed oil (intervention group (IG)-R), with salmon twice weekly to provide preformed DHA (IG-F), or with linoleic acid-rich corn oil (control group, CG). Fatty acid composition was assessed in erythrocyte (RBC) and plasma glycerophospholipids. Results Complete data of fatty acids in RBC (plasma) were available from 158 (155) infants. After intervention, infants assigned to IG-F showed higher RBC and plasma percentages of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and total n-3 LC-PUFA than CG (each p < 0.001). In IG-R, levels of ALA and the ratio of ALA to LA in plasma and RBC (all p < 0.0001) as well as RBC-EPA (p < 0.0001) were higher than in CG, while DHA levels did not differ between IG-R and CG. Conclusions Regular fish consumption during complementary feeding enhances infant EPA and DHA status. The usage of rapeseed oil in small amounts concordant with EU-law for commercial meals enhances endogenic EPA-synthesis, but does not affect DHA status. Provision of oily fish with complementary feeds is advisable to prevent a decline of DHA status. Clinical Trial Registration www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier: NCT01487889, title: Polyunsaturated fatty acids in child nutrition-a German multimodal optimisation study (PINGU).
KW  - DHA
KW  - Fish
KW  - Rapeseed oil
KW  - Complementary food
KW  - Complementary feeding
KW  - Alpha-linolenic acid
KW  - DHA status
Y1  - 2016
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0982-2
SN  - 1436-6207
SN  - 1436-6215
VL  - 55
SP  - 1633
EP  - 1644
PB  - Springer
CY  - Heidelberg
ER  -