TY - JOUR A1 - Buchmann, Arlette F. A1 - Holz, Nathalie A1 - Boecker-Schlier, Regina A1 - Blomeyer, Dorothea A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Witt, Stephanie H. A1 - Schmidt, Martin H. A1 - Esser, Günter A1 - Banaschewski, Tobias A1 - Brandeis, Daniel A1 - Zimmermann, Ulrich S. A1 - Laucht, Manfred T1 - Moderating role of FKBP5 genotype in the impact of childhood adversity on cortisol stress response during adulthood JF - European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology N2 - Recent research suggests an important role of FKBP5, a glucocorticoid receptor regulating co-chaperone, in the development of stress-related diseases such as depression and anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to replicate and extend previous evidence indicating that FKBP5 polymorphisms moderate hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function by examining whether FKBP5 rs1360780 genotype and different measures of childhood adversity interact to predict stress-induced cortisol secretion. At age 19 years, 195 young adults (90 males, 105 females) participating in an epidemiological cohort study completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) to assess cortisol stress responsiveness and were genotyped for the FKBP5 rs1360780. Childhood adversity was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and by a standardized parent interview yielding an index of family adversity. A significant interaction between genotype and childhood adversity on cortisol response to stress was demonstrated for exposure to childhood maltreatment as assessed by retrospective self-report (CTQ), but not for prospectively ascertained objective family adversity. Severity of childhood maltreatment was significantly associated with attenuated cortisol levels among carriers of the rs1360780 CC genotype, while no such effect emerged in carriers of the T allele. These findings point towards the functional involvement of FKBP5 in long-term alterations of neuroendocrine stress regulation related to childhood maltreatment, which have been suggested to represent a premorbid risk or resilience factor in the context of stress-related disorders. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. and ECNR This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. KW - FKBP5 KW - Stress KW - HPA KW - Cortisol KW - Childhood adversity Y1 - 2014 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.12.001 SN - 0924-977X SN - 1873-7862 VL - 24 IS - 6 SP - 837 EP - 845 PB - Elsevier CY - Amsterdam ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Gilles, Maria A1 - Otto, Henrike A1 - Wolf, Isabell A. C. A1 - Scharnholz, Barbara A1 - Peus, Verena A1 - Schredl, Michael A1 - Suetterlin, Marc W. A1 - Witt, Stephanie H. A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Deuschle, Michael T1 - Maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system activity and stress measures at birth JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology N2 - Background: Prenatal maternal stress might be a risk for the developing fetus and may have long-lasting effects on child and adult vulnerability to somatic and psychiatric disease. Over-exposure of the unborn to excess glucocorticoids and subsequent alteration of fetal development is hypothesized to be one of the key mechanisms linking prenatal stress with negative child outcome. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, mothers-to-be (n = 405) in late pregnancy (36.8 +/- 1.9 weeks of gestational age) and their singleton neonates were studied. We investigated the impact of different prenatal stress indices derived from six stress variables (perceived stress, specific prenatal worries, negative life events, symptoms of depression, trait anxiety, neuroticism) and diurnal maternal saliva cortisol secretion on gestational age and anthropometric measures at birth. KW - Early life stress KW - Gestational age KW - Anthropometric measures at birth KW - Cortisol KW - Prenatal distress KW - Pregnancy Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.04.022 SN - 0306-4530 VL - 94 SP - 152 EP - 161 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Send, Tabea A1 - Bardtke, S. A1 - Gilles, M. A1 - Wolf, I. A. C. A1 - Sütterlin, Marc Wolf A1 - Wudy, S. A. A1 - Wang, R. A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Witt, Stephanie H. A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Streit, Fabian A1 - Deuschle, Michael T1 - Prenatal maternal stress is associated with lower cortisol and cortisone levels in the first morning urine of 45-month-old children JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology N2 - Prenatal stress (PS) has been related to altered hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity later in life. So far, studies in children assessing HPA axis functioning have focused on salivary cortisol, reflecting daytime activity. The present work is part of a prospective study and aims to extend knowledge about the association between PS and HPA axis regulation in children. To do so, we investigated cortisol, cortisone, and the ratio cortisone/(cortisone + cortisol) in the first morning urine of 45-month-old children in relation to several measures of maternal stress during pregnancy. Urinary cortisol and cortisone were measured by online turbulent flow chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PS was defined as: perceived stress for aim 1 (Perceived Stress Scale; n = 280); presence of self-reported (n = 371) and expert-rated psychopathology for aim 2 (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; n = 281); continuous measures of anxiety and depression for exploratory aim 3 (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; n = 280). The ratio cortisone/(cortisone + cortisol) as a global marker for the balance between the enzymes metabolizing cortisol to cortisone and vice versa (11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases type 1 and 2; 11 beta-HSD1 and 2) was not associated with any measure of maternal PS (aims 1-3). The present study provides insight into possible programming effects of PS on nocturnal HPA axis activity and a proxy of 11 beta-HSD in a large sample. The results suggest that the nocturnal rate of cortisol production is lower in children exposed to PS, but do not support the hypothesis of divergent 11 beta-HSD activity. KW - Prenatal stress KW - Cortisol KW - Cortisone KW - HPA axis KW - Perceived stress KW - Psychopathology Y1 - 2019 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.017 SN - 0306-4530 VL - 103 SP - 219 EP - 224 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Send, Tabea Sarah A1 - Bardtke, Svenja A1 - Gilles, Maria A1 - Wolf, Isabella Germaine A1 - Sütterlin, Marc W. A1 - Kirschbaum, Clemens A1 - Laucht, Manfred A1 - Witt, Stephanie H. A1 - Rietschel, Marcella A1 - Streit, Fabian A1 - Deuschle, Michael T1 - Stress reactivity in preschool-aged children BT - Evaluation of a social stress paradigm and investigation of the impact of prenatal maternal stress JF - Psychoneuroendocrinology N2 - Prenatal maternal stress is an established risk factor for somatic and psychological health of the offspring. A dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in offspring has been suggested as an important mechanism. However, the impact of prenatal stress on stress reactivity in preschool-aged children is not yet well understood. This is partly due to the fact that for this age group there is no stress test as well established as for older children and adults. In the present work a previously published stress test (Kryski et al., 2011) was evaluated in a large sample of 45-month-old children (n = 339). Furthermore, the relation between measures of prenatal maternal stress and cortisol reactivity was investigated. Prenatal stress was defined as psychopathology (self-report available for n = 339; expert-rating available for a subsample of n = 246) and perceived stress (n = 244) during pregnancy. The stress paradigm elicited significant increases in salivary cortisol 30 and 40 min after the test, and 60.8% of the children were classified as responders. Lower cortisol levels after the stress test were observed in the group of children with prenatal stress defined as maternal psychopathology (both self-reported and expert-rated). Maternal perceived stress as a continuous measure was not significantly associated with cortisol levels. However, when comparing children in the highest quartile of maternal perceived stress to all other children, significantly lower cortisol values were observed in the prenatally stressed group. The present study confirms the paradigm by Kryski et al. as an effective stress test for preschool-aged children. Moreover, it provides further evidence that prenatal stress impacts HPA axis reactivity. Future studies should target the timing, nature, and intensity of prenatal stressors and their effect on the stress response in offspring at different developmental stages. KW - Stress test KW - Children KW - Prenatal stress KW - Cortisol KW - HPA axis reactivity KW - Psychopathology Y1 - 2018 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.002 SN - 0306-4530 VL - 101 SP - 223 EP - 231 PB - Elsevier CY - Oxford ER -