TY - JOUR A1 - Haile, Mekbib Gebretsadik A1 - Kalkuhl, Matthias A1 - Algieri, Bernardina A1 - Gebreselassie, Samuel T1 - Price shock transmission BT - evidence from the wheat-bread market value chain in Ethiopia JF - Agricultural economics N2 - This study assesses the degree of vertical price transmission along the wheat-bread value chain in Ethiopia. This is pursued by applying a vector error correction model and an impulse response analysis using monthly price data for the period 2000-2015. Our analysis considers transmission of price shocks across different market levels, including from the international and domestic wheat grain markets at the upstream to the domestic wheat bread market at the downstream of the value chain. The empirical findings indicate that significant cointegration exists across prices of the different market stages. There is a transmission from international prices to domestic prices at downstream markets, in particular to flour and bread prices. Prices at upstream markets are largely influenced by the domestic wholesale market. In general, the speed of adjustment is quite slow with a half-life of about one year for restoring the equilibrium price relationship. As price margins between the different market stages in the value chain have substantially decreased in the last 15 years, higher transmission, and thus exposure to international market shocks, can be expected in the future. The results also show that causal relationships exist between prices at different market stageswith the wholesale market identified as the key market level where prices and price expectations are formed. KW - Q02 KW - Q11 KW - Q13 KW - L11 KW - M31 KW - Value chain KW - Price transmission KW - Impulse response KW - Wheat KW - Ethiopia Y1 - 2017 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12373 SN - 0169-5150 SN - 1574-0862 VL - 48 IS - 6 SP - 769 EP - 780 PB - Wiley CY - Hoboken ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Neumann, Anne A1 - von Hirschhausen, Christian T1 - Natural Gas: An Overview of a Lower-Carbon Transformation Fuel JF - Review of environmental economics and policy N2 - This article provides an overview of the natural gas industry, which we view as a bridge fuel toward a lower-carbon energy system in many countries and regions around the world. Based on a review of the literature, an econometric analysis of natural gas prices and contracts, and the authors' experience with the natural gas industry, this introductory article to the symposium on the Prospects for Natural Gas in a Lower-Carbon Context provides an overview of research on natural gas markets over the last decade and examines various features of the natural gas industry, including its technical structure, activities in the value-added chain, trade and market trends, short- and long-term price developments, and the geopolitical landscape. More specifically, we describe the natural gas sector and provide an overview of production, reserves, and consumption. We also examine the evolution of long-term contracts between producers and large-scale buyers of natural gas and present some recent empirical evidence. Finally, we discuss the changing geopolitics of natural gas, focusing in particular on the future roles of the United States as a potential natural gas exporter and Asia as the major importing region. (JEL: L11, L95, Q49). KW - L11 KW - L95 KW - Q49 KW - natural gas KW - low-carbon economy KW - global markets KW - prices KW - contracts Y1 - 2015 U6 - https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/reu022 SN - 1750-6816 SN - 1750-6824 VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 64 EP - 84 PB - Oxford Univ. Press CY - Oxford ER -