TY  - JOUR
A1  - Pitzer, Martina
A1  - Esser, Günter
A1  - Schmidt, Martin H.
A1  - Hohm, Erika
A1  - Banaschewski, Tobias
A1  - Laucht, Manfred
T1  - Child regulative temperament as a mediator of parenting in the development of depressive symptoms
BT  - a longitudinal study from early childhood to preadolescence
JF  - Journal of neural transmission
N2  - Child temperament as well as parenting behaviors have been linked to adolescent depression. Beyond their main effects, the interplay between these factors is of interest. For example, in an interactive model, a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants to parenting has been suggested. However, so far, the differential susceptibility hypothesis has mostly been studied with a focus on externalizing disorders. On the other hand, parenting may shape the child’s temperament and vice versa in a transactional process. In a prospective, longitudinal at-risk sample (163 boys, 176 girls), we assessed emotional (easy–difficult) and regulative (self-control) temperament at ages 4.5, and 8 years, respectively, as well as parenting quality at age 4.5 years using the HOME inventory. Hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to investigate the prediction of depressive symptoms at age 11, measured by the Child Depression Inventory, including interaction terms between the temperament variable and parenting. We additionally tested whether parenting was mediated by child temperament. As previously reported, both self-control and parenting were longitudinally associated with preadolescent depressive symptoms. There were no interactive effects between temperament and parenting. However, the effects of parenting were partly mediated by self-control. Our data do not support a differential susceptibility of temperamental variants in the development of preadolescent depression. However, our results are in line with the assumption that parenting may shape young children’s temperament, with positive parenting in the early childhood fostering the development of regulative temperament.
KW  - Temperament
KW  - Parenting
KW  - Children
KW  - Depression
KW  - Parent-child-interaction
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-017-1682-2
SN  - 0300-9564
SN  - 1435-1463
VL  - 124
SP  - 631
EP  - 641
PB  - Springer
CY  - Wien
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
A1  - Meiser, Susanne
A1  - Esser, Günter
T1  - How dysfunctional are dysfunctional attitudes?
BT  - a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents
JF  - Cognitive Therapy and Research
N2  - In order to clarify further the role of Beck’s vulnerability-stress model in the early development of depression, this longitudinal study tested a threshold model of dysfunctional attitudes in children and adolescents. An initially asymptomatic sample of 889 youths aged 9–18 years completed measures of dysfunctional attitudes and depressive symptoms. Twenty months later, participants reported stressful life events and current depressive symptoms. Results support a threshold view of cognitive vulnerability as only dysfunctional attitudes above a certain threshold significantly interacted with life events to predict depressive symptoms. Thus, findings suggest that dysfunctional attitudes must exceed a certain threshold to confer vulnerability to depressive symptomatology in youth. The term “dysfunctional” might therefore only apply to higher levels of the “dysfunctional attitudes” proposed by A. T. Beck. Results also indicate that studies using non-clinical samples may systematically underestimate the effect of dysfunctional attitudes when relying on conventional linear methods.
KW  - Cognitive vulnerability
KW  - Depression
KW  - Children
KW  - Adolescents
KW  - Dysfunctional attitudes
KW  - Threshold models
Y1  - 2017
U6  - https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-017-9842-0
SN  - 0147-5916
SN  - 1573-2819
VL  - 41
SP  - 730
EP  - 744
PB  - Springer
CY  - New York
ER  -