Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-45003 Review Heinz, A.; Voss, M.; Lawrie, S. M.; Mishara, A.; Bauer, M.; Gallinat, J.; Juckel, G.; Lang, U.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Falkai, P.; Strik, W.; Krystal, J.; Abi-Dargham, A.; Galderisi, S. Shall we really say goodbye to first rank symptoms? Background: First rank symptoms (FRS) of schizophrenia have been used for decades for diagnostic purposes. In the new version of the DSM-5, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) has abolished any further reference to FRS of schizophrenia and treats them like any other "criterion A' symptom (e.g. any kind of hallucination or delusion) with regard to their diagnostic implication. The ICD-10 is currently under revision and may follow suit. In this review, we discuss central points of criticism that are directed against the continuous use of first rank symptoms (FRS) to diagnose schizophrenia. Paris Elsevier 2016 6 European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 37 8 13 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.010 OPUS4-52146 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Kaminski, Jakob A.; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Rapp, Michael Armin; Awasthi, Swapnil; Ruggeri, Barbara; Deserno, Lorenz; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivieres, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Martinot, Marie-Laure Paillere; Nees, Frauke; Orfanos, Dimitri Papadopoulos; Paus, Tomas; Poustka, Luise; Smolka, Michael N.; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Walter, Henrik; Whelan, Robert; Ripke, Stephan; Schumann, Gunter; Heinz, Andreas Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure. New York Nature Publ. Group 2018 11 Translational Psychiatry 8 10.1038/s41398-018-0222-7 Institut für Mathematik OPUS4-42568 misc Kaminski, Jakob A.; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Rapp, Michael Armin; Awasthi, Swapnil; Ruggeri, Barbara; Deserno, Lorenz; Banaschewski, Tobias; Bokde, Arun L. W.; Bromberg, Uli; Büchel, Christian; Quinlan, Erin Burke; Desrivières, Sylvane; Flor, Herta; Frouin, Vincent; Garavan, Hugh; Gowland, Penny; Ittermann, Bernd; Martinot, Jean-Luc; Paillère Martinot, Marie-Laure; Nees, Frauke; Papadopoulos Orfanos, Dimitri; Paus, Tomáš; Poustka, Luise; Smolka, Michael N.; Fröhner, Juliane H.; Walter, Henrik; Whelan, Robert; Ripke, Stephan; Schumann, Gunter; Heinz, Andreas Epigenetic variance in dopamine D2 receptor Genetic and environmental factors both contribute to cognitive test performance. A substantial increase in average intelligence test results in the second half of the previous century within one generation is unlikely to be explained by genetic changes. One possible explanation for the strong malleability of cognitive performance measure is that environmental factors modify gene expression via epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic factors may help to understand the recent observations of an association between dopamine-dependent encoding of reward prediction errors and cognitive capacity, which was modulated by adverse life events. The possible manifestation of malleable biomarkers contributing to variance in cognitive test performance, and thus possibly contributing to the "missing heritability" between estimates from twin studies and variance explained by genetic markers, is still unclear. Here we show in 1475 healthy adolescents from the IMaging and GENetics (IMAGEN) sample that general IQ (gIQ) is associated with (1) polygenic scores for intelligence, (2) epigenetic modification of DRD2 gene, (3) gray matter density in striatum, and (4) functional striatal activation elicited by temporarily surprising reward-predicting cues. Comparing the relative importance for the prediction of gIQ in an overlapping subsample, our results demonstrate neurobiological correlates of the malleability of gIQ and point to equal importance of genetic variance, epigenetic modification of DRD2 receptor gene, as well as functional striatal activation, known to influence dopamine neurotransmission. Peripheral epigenetic markers are in need of confirmation in the central nervous system and should be tested in longitudinal settings specifically assessing individual and environmental factors that modify epigenetic structure. 2018 13 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe 950 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-425687 10.25932/publishup-42568 Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät OPUS4-42487 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Sánchez, Alba; Thomas, Christine; Deeken, Friederike; Wagner, Sören; Klöppel, Stefan; Kentischer, Felix; von Arnim, Chrstine A. F.; Denkinger, Michael; Conzelmann, Lars O.; Biermann-Stallwitz, Janine; Joos, Stefanie; Sturm, Heidrun; Metz, Brigitte; Auer, Ramona; Skrobik, Yoanna; Eschweiler, Gerhard W.; Rapp, Michael Armin Patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life Background Postoperative delirium is a common disorder in older adults that is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, prolonged cognitive impairment, development of dementia, higher institutionalization rates, and rising healthcare costs. The probability of delirium after surgery increases with patients' age, with pre-existing cognitive impairment, and with comorbidities, and its diagnosis and treatment is dependent on the knowledge of diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options of the medical staff. In this study, we will investigate whether a cross-sectoral and multimodal intervention for preventing delirium can reduce the prevalence of delirium and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) in patients older than 70 years undergoing elective surgery. Additionally, we will analyze whether the intervention is cost-effective. Methods The study will be conducted at five medical centers (with two or three surgical departments each) in the southwest of Germany. The study employs a stepped-wedge design with cluster randomization of the medical centers. Measurements are performed at six consecutive points: preadmission, preoperative, and postoperative with daily delirium screening up to day 7 and POCD evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Recruitment goals are to enroll 1500 patients older than 70 years undergoing elective operative procedures (cardiac, thoracic, vascular, proximal big joints and spine, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and general elective surgery procedures. Discussion Results of the trial should form the basis of future standards for preventing delirium and POCD in surgical wards. Key aims are the improvement of patient safety and quality of life, as well as the reduction of the long-term risk of conversion to dementia. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, we expect benefits and decreased costs for hospitals, patients, and healthcare insurances. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00013311. Registered on 10 November 2017. London BioMed Central 2019 15 Trials 20 71 10.1186/s13063-018-3148-8 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-42488 misc Sánchez, Alba; Thomas, Christine; Deeken, Friederike; Wagner, Sören; Klöppel, Stefan; Kentischer, Felix; von Arnim, Chrstine A. F.; Denkinger, Michael; Conzelmann, Lars O.; Biermann-Stallwitz, Janine; Joos, Stefanie; Sturm, Heidrun; Metz, Brigitte; Auer, Ramona; Skrobik, Yoanna; Eschweiler, Gerhard W.; Rapp, Michael Armin Patient safety, cost-effectiveness, and quality of life Background Postoperative delirium is a common disorder in older adults that is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, prolonged cognitive impairment, development of dementia, higher institutionalization rates, and rising healthcare costs. The probability of delirium after surgery increases with patients' age, with pre-existing cognitive impairment, and with comorbidities, and its diagnosis and treatment is dependent on the knowledge of diagnostic criteria, risk factors, and treatment options of the medical staff. In this study, we will investigate whether a cross-sectoral and multimodal intervention for preventing delirium can reduce the prevalence of delirium and postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) in patients older than 70 years undergoing elective surgery. Additionally, we will analyze whether the intervention is cost-effective. Methods The study will be conducted at five medical centers (with two or three surgical departments each) in the southwest of Germany. The study employs a stepped-wedge design with cluster randomization of the medical centers. Measurements are performed at six consecutive points: preadmission, preoperative, and postoperative with daily delirium screening up to day 7 and POCD evaluations at 2, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Recruitment goals are to enroll 1500 patients older than 70 years undergoing elective operative procedures (cardiac, thoracic, vascular, proximal big joints and spine, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and general elective surgery procedures. Discussion Results of the trial should form the basis of future standards for preventing delirium and POCD in surgical wards. Key aims are the improvement of patient safety and quality of life, as well as the reduction of the long-term risk of conversion to dementia. Furthermore, from an economic perspective, we expect benefits and decreased costs for hospitals, patients, and healthcare insurances. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00013311. Registered on 10 November 2017. 2019 15 Postprints der Universität Potsdam Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 535 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-424883 10.25932/publishup-42488 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-46670 misc Chaparro, Camilo G. A. Perez; Zech, Philipp A.; Heinzel, Stephan; Mayer, Frank; Wolfarth, Bernd; Rapp, Michael Armin; Heissel, Andreas Effects Of Aerobic & Resistance Training On Cardiorespiratory Fitness In People Living with HIV. A Meta-analysis Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2017 1 Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 49 842 842 10.1249/01.mss.0000519265.28705.86 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-45015 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Bauer, M.; Banaschewski, Tobias; Heinz, A.; Kamp-Becker, I.; Meyer-Lindenberg, A.; Padberg, F.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Rupprecht, R.; Schneider, F.; Schulze, T. G.; Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich The German Research Network for mental Disorders Mental disorders are among the greatest medical and social challenges facing us. They can occur at all stages of life and are among the most important commonly occurring diseases. In Germany 28 % of the population suffer from a mental disorder every year, while the lifetime risk of suffering from a mental disorder is almost 50 %. Mental disorders cause great suffering for those affected and their social network. Quantitatively speaking, they can be considered to be among those diseases creating the greatest burden for society due to reduced productivity, absence from work and premature retirement. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research is funding a new research network from 2015 to 2019 with up to 35 million euros to investigate mental disorders in order to devise and develop better therapeutic measures and strategies for this population by means of basic and translational clinical research. This is the result of a competitive call for research proposals entitled research network for mental diseases. It is a nationwide network of nine consortia with up to ten psychiatric and clinical psychology partner institutions from largely university-based research facilities for adults and/or children and adolescents. Furthermore, three cross-consortia platform projects will seek to identify shared causes of diseases and new diagnostic modalities for anxiety disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHS), autism, bipolar disorders, depression, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders as well as substance-related and addictive disorders. The spectrum of therapeutic approaches to be examined ranges from innovative pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment to novel brain stimulation procedures. In light of the enormous burden such diseases represent for society as a whole, a sustainable improvement in the financial support for those researching mental disorders seems essential. This network aims to become a nucleus for long overdue and sustained support for a German center for mental disorders. New York Springer 2016 22 Der Nervenarzt : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde ; Mitteilungsblatt der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurologie 87 989 1010 10.1007/s00115-016-0169-y OPUS4-48532 misc Wuertz-Kozak, Karin; Roszkowski, Martin; Cambria, Elena; Block, Andrea; Kuhn, Gisela A.; Abele, Thea; Hitzl, Wolfgang; Drießlein, David; Müller, Ralph; Rapp, Michael Armin; Mansuy, Isabelle M.; Peters, Eva M. J.; Wippert, Pia-Maria Effects of Early Life Stress on Bone Homeostasis in Mice and Humans Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies. 2020 26 Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe 670 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-485324 10.25932/publishup-48532 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-48531 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wuertz-Kozak, Karin; Roszkowski, Martin; Cambria, Elena; Block, Andrea; Kuhn, Gisela A.; Abele, Thea; Hitzl, Wolfgang; Drießlein, David; Müller, Ralph; Rapp, Michael Armin; Mansuy, Isabelle M.; Peters, Eva M. J.; Wippert, Pia-Maria Effects of Early Life Stress on Bone Homeostasis in Mice and Humans Bone pathology is frequent in stressed individuals. A comprehensive examination of mechanisms linking life stress, depression and disturbed bone homeostasis is missing. In this translational study, mice exposed to early life stress (MSUS) were examined for bone microarchitecture (μCT), metabolism (qPCR/ELISA), and neuronal stress mediator expression (qPCR) and compared with a sample of depressive patients with or without early life stress by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA) and metabolic changes in serum (osteocalcin, PINP, CTX-I). MSUS mice showed a significant decrease in NGF, NPYR1, VIPR1 and TACR1 expression, higher innervation density in bone, and increased serum levels of CTX-I, suggesting a milieu in favor of catabolic bone turnover. MSUS mice had a significantly lower body weight compared to control mice, and this caused minor effects on bone microarchitecture. Depressive patients with experiences of childhood neglect also showed a catabolic pattern. A significant reduction in BMD was observed in depressive patients with childhood abuse and stressful life events during childhood. Therefore, future studies on prevention and treatment strategies for both mental and bone disease should consider early life stress as a risk factor for bone pathologies. Basel Molecular Diversity Preservation International 2020 24 International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21 18 10.3390/ijms21186634 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-39201 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Deserno, Lorenz; Beck, Anne; Huys, Quentin J. M.; Lorenz, Robert C.; Buchert, Ralph; Buchholz, Hans-Georg; Plotkin, Michail; Kumakara, Yoshitaka; Cumming, Paul; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Grace, Anthony A.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Heinz, Andreas Chronic alcohol intake abolishes the relationship between dopamine synthesis capacity and learning signals in the ventral striatum Drugs of abuse elicit dopamine release in the ventral striatum, possibly biasing dopamine-driven reinforcement learning towards drug-related reward at the expense of non-drug-related reward. Indeed, in alcohol-dependent patients, reactivity in dopaminergic target areas is shifted from non-drug-related stimuli towards drug-related stimuli. Such hijacked' dopamine signals may impair flexible learning from non-drug-related rewards, and thus promote craving for the drug of abuse. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure ventral striatal activation by reward prediction errors (RPEs) during a probabilistic reversal learning task in recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and healthy controls (N=27). All participants also underwent 6-[F-18]fluoro-DOPA positron emission tomography to assess ventral striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. Neither ventral striatal activation by RPEs nor striatal dopamine synthesis capacity differed between groups. However, ventral striatal coding of RPEs correlated inversely with craving in patients. Furthermore, we found a negative correlation between ventral striatal coding of RPEs and dopamine synthesis capacity in healthy controls, but not in alcohol-dependent patients. Moderator analyses showed that the magnitude of the association between dopamine synthesis capacity and RPE coding depended on the amount of chronic, habitual alcohol intake. Despite the relatively small sample size, a power analysis supports the reported results. Using a multimodal imaging approach, this study suggests that dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals is disrupted in alcohol dependence in proportion to long-term alcohol intake of patients. Alcohol intake may perpetuate itself by interfering with dopaminergic modulation of neural learning signals in the ventral striatum, thus increasing craving for habitual drug intake. Hoboken Wiley-Blackwell 2015 10 European journal of neuroscience 41 4 477 486 10.1111/ejn.12802 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-44750 misc Heinz, A.; Kluge, U.; Rapp, Michael Armin Heritability of living in deprived neighbourhoods New York Nature Publ. Group 2016 1 Translational Psychiatry 6 10.1038/tp.2016.215 OPUS4-46669 misc Zech, Philipp A.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Heinzel, Stephan; Wolfarth, Bernd; Lawrence, Jimmy B.; Heissel, Andreas Does Exercise Help People Living with HIV Improve Their Quality of Life? A meta-analysis. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2017 1 Medicine and science in sports and exercise : official journal of the American College of Sports Medicine 49 470 470 10.1249/01.mss.0000518177.22369.2f Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-49326 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Bohlken, Jens; Weber, Simon A.; Siebert, Anke; Forstmeier, Simon; Kohlmann, Thomas; Rapp, Michael Armin Reminiscence therapy for depression in dementia We investigated the efficacy of reminiscence therapy (RT) on symptoms of depression in patients with mild to moderate dementia. Out of 227 patients with mild to moderate dementia from a specialized physician's office, 27 pairs (N = 54; mean age 79.04 ± 6.16 years) who had either received treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU combined with RT, were matched retrospectively according to age as well as cognitive and depressive symptom scores. After controlling for age and sex, symptoms of depression significantly decreased over time in the RT group compared to TAU (F1,52 = 4.36; p < .05). RT is a promising option for the treatment of depression in mild to moderate dementia. Larger randomized-controlled trials are needed. Göttingen Hogrefe 2017 7 GeroPsych - The Journal of gerontopsychology and geriatric psychiatry 30 145 151 10.1024/1662-9647/a000175 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-53471 misc Garbusow, Maria; Sommer, C.; Nebe, S.; Sebold, Miriam Hannah; Kuitunen-Paul, Sören; Wittchen, H. U.; Smolka, M.; Zimmermann, U.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Huys, Q.; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Heinz, A. Pavlovian-instrumental transfer in the course of alcohol use disorder Background: Pavlovian processes are thought to play an important role in the development, maintenance and relapse of alcohol dependence, possibly by influencing and usurping on- going thought and behavior. The influence of Pavlovian stimuli on on-going behavior is paradigmatically measured by Pavlovian-to-instrumental-transfer (PIT) tasks. These involve multiple stages and are complex. Whether increased PIT is involved in human alcohol dependence is uncertain. We therefore aimed to establish and validate a modified PIT paradigm that would be robust, consistent, and tolerated by healthy controls as well as by patients suffering from alcohol dependence, and to explore whether alcohol dependence is associated with enhanced Pavlovian-Instrumental transfer. Methods: 32 recently detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 32 age and gender matched healthy controls performed a PIT task with instrumental go/no-go approach behaviours. The task involved both Pavlovian stimuli associated with monetary rewards and losses, and images of drinks. Results: Both patients and healthy controls showed a robust and temporally stable PIT effect. Strengths of PIT effects to drug-related and monetary conditioned stimuli were highly correlated. Patients more frequently showed a PIT effect and the effect was stronger in response to aversively conditioned CSs (conditioned suppression), but there was no group difference in response to appetitive CSs. Conclusion: The implementation of PIT has favorably robust properties in chronic alcohol- dependent patients and in healthy controls. It shows internal consistency between monetary and drug-related cues. The findings support an association of alcohol dependence with an increased propensity towards PIT. ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX Elsevier 2018 1 European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 48 S546 S546 Department Psychologie OPUS4-48470 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Sebold, Miriam Hannah; Spitta, G.; Gleich, T.; Dembler-Stamm, T.; Butler, O.; Zacharias, K.; Aydin, S.; Garbusow, Maria; Rapp, Michael Armin; Schubert, F.; Buchert, R.; Gallinat, J.; Heinz, A. Stressful life events are associated with striatal dopamine receptor availability in alcohol dependence Stress plays a key role in modulating addictive behavior and can cause relapse following periods of abstinence. Common effects of stress and alcohol on the dopaminergic system have been suggested, although the precise mechanisms are unclear. Here, we investigated 20 detoxified alcohol-dependent patients and 19 matched healthy controls and assessed striatal D2/D3 availability using [F-18]-fallypride positron emission tomography and stressful life events. We found a strong association between striatal D2/D3 availability and stress in patients, but not in healthy controls. Interestingly, we found increased D2/D3 receptor availability in patients with higher stress levels. This mirrors complex interactions between stress and alcohol intake in animal studies and emphasizes the importance to investigate stress exposure in neurobiological studies of addiction. Wien Springer 2019 8 Journal of neural transmission 126 9 1127 1134 10.1007/s00702-019-01985-2 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-54951 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Schraplau, Anne; Block, Andrea; Häusler, Andreas; Wippert, Pia-Maria; Rapp, Michael A.; Völler, Heinz; Bonaventura, Klaus; Mayer, Frank Mobile diagnostics and consultation for the prevention of the metabolic syndrome and its secondary diseases in Brandenburg—study protocol of a regional prospective cohort study Background The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk cluster for a number of secondary diseases. The implementation of prevention programs requires early detection of individuals at risk. However, access to health care providers is limited in structurally weak regions. Brandenburg, a rural federal state in Germany, has an especially high MetS prevalence and disease burden. This study aims to validate and test the feasibility of a setup for mobile diagnostics of MetS and its secondary diseases, to evaluate the MetS prevalence and its association with moderating factors in Brandenburg and to identify new ways of early prevention, while establishing a "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" to reveal new causes and risk factors for MetS. Methods In a pilot study, setups for mobile diagnostics of MetS and secondary diseases will be developed and validated. A van will be equipped as an examination room using point-of-care blood analyzers and by mobilizing standard methods. In study part A, these mobile diagnostic units will be placed at different locations in Brandenburg to locally recruit 5000 participants aged 40-70 years. They will be examined for MetS and advice on nutrition and physical activity will be provided. Questionnaires will be used to evaluate sociodemographics, stress perception, and physical activity. In study part B, participants with MetS, but without known secondary diseases, will receive a detailed mobile medical examination, including MetS diagnostics, medical history, clinical examinations, and instrumental diagnostics for internal, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and cognitive disorders. Participants will receive advice on nutrition and an exercise program will be demonstrated on site. People unable to participate in these mobile examinations will be interviewed by telephone. If necessary, participants will be referred to general practitioners for further diagnosis. Discussion The mobile diagnostics approach enables early detection of individuals at risk, and their targeted referral to local health care providers. Evaluation of the MetS prevalence, its relation to risk-increasing factors, and the "Mobile Brandenburg Cohort" create a unique database for further longitudinal studies on the implementation of home-based prevention programs to reduce mortality, especially in rural regions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00022764; registered 07 October 2020—retrospectively registered. London BioMed Central (Springer Nature) 2021 11 Pilot and Feasibility Studies 7 1 11 10.1186/s40814-021-00898-w Extern OPUS4-39076 Konferenzveröffentlichung Heinz, A.; Kluge, U.; Schouler-Ocak, M.; Rapp, Michael Armin Biological Effects of Social Exclusion Timing and magnitude of surface uplift are key to understanding the impact of crustal deformation and topographic growth on atmospheric circulation, environmental conditions, and surface processes. Uplift of the East African Plateau is linked to mantle processes, but paleoaltimetry data are too scarce to constrain plateau evolution and subsequent vertical motions associated with rifting. Here, we assess the paleotopographic implications of a beaked whale fossil (Ziphiidae) from the Turkana region of Kenya found 740 km inland from the present-day coastline of the Indian Ocean at an elevation of 620 m. The specimen is similar to 17 My old and represents the oldest derived beaked whale known, consistent with molecular estimates of the emergence of modern straptoothed whales (Mesoplodon). The whale traveled from the Indian Ocean inland along an eastward-directed drainage system controlled by the Cretaceous Anza Graben and was stranded slightly above sea level. Surface uplift from near sea level coincides with paleoclimatic change from a humid environment to highly variable and much drier conditions, which altered biotic communities and drove evolution in east Africa, including that of primates. Paris Elsevier 2015 1 European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 30 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-10377 misc Heinz, A.; Kluge, U.; Rapp, Michael Armin Heritability of living in deprived neighbourhoods 2016 1 urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-103770 Strukturbereich Kognitionswissenschaften OPUS4-53472 misc Sebold, Miriam Hannah; Garbusow, Maria; Nebe, S.; Sundmacher, L.; Kuitunen-Paul, Sören; Wittchen, H. U.; Smolka, M.; Zimmermann, U.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Huys, Q.; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Heinz, A. From goals to habits in alcohol dependence Paris Elsevier 2018 1 European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 48 S274 S274 Department Psychologie OPUS4-62231 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Schulze, Susanne; Merz, Sibille; Thier, Anne; Tallarek, Marie; König, Franziska; Uhlenbrock, Greta; Nübling, Matthias; Lincke, Hans-Joachim; Rapp, Michael A.; Spallek, Jacob; Holmberg, Christine Psychosocial burden in nurses working in nursing homes during the Covid-19 pandemic Background The Covid-19 pandemic led to increased work-related strain and psychosocial burden in nurses worldwide, resulting in high prevalences of mental health problems. Nurses in long-term care facilities seem to be especially affected by the pandemic. Nevertheless, there are few findings indicating possible positive changes for health care workers. Therefore, we investigated which psychosocial burdens and potential positive aspects nurses working in long-term care facilities experience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a mixed-methods study among nurses and nursing assistants working in nursing homes in Germany. The survey contained the third German version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ III). Using Welch's t-tests, we compared the COPSOQ results of our sample against a pre-pandemic reference group of geriatric nurses from Germany. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with geriatric nurses with a special focus on psychosocial stress, to reach a deeper understanding of their experiences on work-related changes and burdens during the pandemic. Data were analysed using thematic coding (Braun and Clarke). Results Our survey sample (n = 177) differed significantly from the pre-pandemic reference group in 14 out of 31 COPSOQ scales. Almost all of these differences indicated negative changes. Our sample scored significantly worse regarding the scales 'quantitative demands', 'hiding emotions', 'work-privacy conflicts', 'role conflicts', 'quality of leadership', 'support at work', 'recognition', 'physical demands', 'intention to leave profession', 'burnout', 'presenteeism' and 'inability to relax'. The interviews (n = 15) revealed six main themes related to nurses' psychosocial stress: 'overall working conditions', 'concern for residents', 'management of relatives', 'inability to provide terminal care', 'tensions between being infected and infecting others' and 'technicisation of care'. 'Enhanced community cohesion' (interviews), 'meaning of work' and 'quantity of social relations' (COPSOQ III) were identified as positive effects of the pandemic. Conclusions Results clearly illustrate an aggravation of geriatric nurses' situation and psychosocial burden and only few positive changes due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Pre-existing hardships seem to have further deteriorated and new stressors added to nurses' strain. The perceived erosion of care, due to an overemphasis of the technical in relation to the social and emotional dimensions of care, seems to be especially burdensome to geriatric nurses. London BMC 2022 13 BMC health services research 22 1 10.1186/s12913-022-08333-3 Department Psychologie OPUS4-48547 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Sebold, Miriam Hannah; Garbusow, Maria; Jetzschmann, P.; Schad, Daniel; Nebe, S.; Schlagenhauf, Florian; Heinz, A.; Rapp, Michael Armin; Romanczuk-Seiferth, Nina Reward and avoidance learning in the context of aversive environments and possible implications for depressive symptoms Background Aversive stimuli in the environment influence human actions. This includes valence-dependent influences on action selection, e.g., increased avoidance but decreased approach behavior. However, it is yet unclear how aversive stimuli interact with complex learning and decision-making in the reward and avoidance domain. Moreover, the underlying computational mechanisms of these decision-making biases are unknown. Methods To elucidate these mechanisms, 54 healthy young male subjects performed a two-step sequential decision-making task, which allows to computationally model different aspects of learning, e.g., model-free, habitual, and model-based, goal-directed learning. We used a within-subject design, crossing task valence (reward vs. punishment learning) with emotional context (aversive vs. neutral background stimuli). We analyzed choice data, applied a computational model, and performed simulations. Results Whereas model-based learning was not affected, aversive stimuli interacted with model-free learning in a way that depended on task valence. Thus, aversive stimuli increased model-free avoidance learning but decreased model-free reward learning. The computational model confirmed this effect: the parameter lambda that indicates the influence of reward prediction errors on decision values was increased in the punishment condition but decreased in the reward condition when aversive stimuli were present. Further, by using the inferred computational parameters to simulate choice data, our effects were captured. Exploratory analyses revealed that the observed biases were associated with subclinical depressive symptoms. Conclusion Our data show that aversive environmental stimuli affect complex learning and decision-making, which depends on task valence. Further, we provide a model of the underlying computations of this affective modulation. Finally, our finding of increased decision-making biases in subjects reporting subclinical depressive symptoms matches recent reports of amplified Pavlovian influences on action selection in depression and suggests a potential vulnerability factor for mood disorders. We discuss our findings in the light of the involvement of the neuromodulators serotonin and dopamine. New York Springer 2019 13 Psychopharmacology 236 8 2437 2449 10.1007/s00213-019-05299-9 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-53409 misc Liu, S.; Kuschpel, M. S.; Schad, Daniel; Heinzel, Stephan; Rapp, Michael Armin; Heinz, A. Effects of rest on learning processes Amsterdam Elsevier 2018 2 European neuropsychopharmacology : the journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology 28 S67 S68 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2017.12.099 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-62966 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Hoffmann, Stephanie; Tschorn, Mira; Michalski, Niels; Hoebel, Jens; Förstner, Bernd Rainer; Rapp, Michael A.; Spallek, Jacob Association of regional socioeconomic deprivation and rurality with global developmental delay in early childhood Background: From birth to young adulthood, health and development of young people are strongly linked to their living situation, including their family's socioeconomic position (SEP) and living environment. The impact of regional characteristics on development in early childhood beyond family SEP has been rarely investigated. This study aimed to identify regional predictors of global developmental delay at school entry taking family SEP into consideration. Method: We used representative, population-based data from mandatory school entry examinations of the German federal state of Brandenburg in 2018/2019 with n=22,801 preschool children. By applying binary multilevel models, we hierarchically analyzed the effect of regional deprivation defined by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD) and rurality operationalized as inverted population density of the children's school district on global developmental delay (GDD) while adjusting for family SEP (low, medium and high) Results: Family SEP was significantly and strongly linked to GDD. Children with the highest family SEP showed a lower odds for GDD compared to a medium SEP (female: OR=4.26, male: OR=3.46) and low SEP (female: OR=16.58, male: OR=12.79). Furthermore, we discovered a smaller, but additional and independent effect of regional socioeconomic deprivation on GDD, with a higher odds for children from a more deprived school district (female: OR=1.35, male: OR=1.20). However, rurality did not show a significant link to GDD in preschool children beyond family SEP and regional deprivation. Conclusion: Family SEP and regional deprivation are risk factors for child development and of particular interest to promote health of children in early childhood and over the life course. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Science 2022 8 Health & place : an international journal ; a social science & medicine publication ; incorporating Geographia medica 75 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102794 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften OPUS4-61980 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Pérez Chaparro, Camilo Germán Alberto; Kangas, Maria; Zech, Philipp; Schuch, Felipe B.; Rapp, Michael A.; Heißel, Andreas Recreational exercise is associated with lower prevalence of depression and anxiety and better quality of life in German people living with HIV Sedentarism is a risk factor for depression and anxiety. People living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression compared to HIV-negative individuals. This cross-sectional study (n = 450, median age 44 (19-75), 7.3% females) evaluates the prevalence rates and prevalence ratio (PR) of anxiety and/or depression in PLWH associated with recreational exercise. A decreased likelihood of having anxiety (PR=0.57; 0.36-0.91; p = 0.01), depression (PR=0.41; 0.36-0.94; p=0.01), and comorbid anxiety and depression (PR = 0,43; 0.24-0.75; p=0.002) was found in exercising compared to non-exercising PLWH. Recreational exercise is associated with a lower risk for anxiety and/or depression. Further prospective studies are needed to provide insights on the direction of this association. London [u.a.] Taylor & Francis Group 2022 6 AIDS care : psychological and socio-medical aspects of AIDS/HIV 34 2 182 187 10.1080/09540121.2021.1889951 Department Sport- und Gesundheitswissenschaften