Dokument-ID Dokumenttyp Verfasser/Autoren Herausgeber Haupttitel Abstract Auflage Verlagsort Verlag Erscheinungsjahr Seitenzahl Schriftenreihe Titel Schriftenreihe Bandzahl ISBN Quelle der Hochschulschrift Konferenzname Quelle:Titel Quelle:Jahrgang Quelle:Heftnummer Quelle:Erste Seite Quelle:Letzte Seite URN DOI Abteilungen OPUS4-50423 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Gonzalez-Fortes, Gloria M.; Tassi, F.; Trucchi, E.; Henneberger, K.; Paijmans, Johanna L. A.; Diez-del-Molino, D.; Schroeder, H.; Susca, R. R.; Barroso-Ruiz, C.; Bermudez, F. J.; Barroso-Medina, C.; Bettencourt, A. M. S.; Sampaio, H. A.; Salas, A.; de Lombera-Hermida, A.; Fabregas Valcarce, Ramón; Vaquero, M.; Alonso, S.; Lozano, Marina; Rodriguez-Alvarez, Xose Pedro; Fernandez-Rodriguez, C.; Manica, Andrea; Hofreiter, Michael; Barbujani, Guido A western route of prehistoric human migration from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula Being at the western fringe of Europe, Iberia had a peculiar prehistory and a complex pattern of Neolithization. A few studies, all based on modern populations, reported the presence of DNA of likely African origin in this region, generally concluding it was the result of recent gene flow, probably during the Islamic period. Here, we provide evidence of much older gene flow from Africa to Iberia by sequencing whole genomes from four human remains from northern Portugal and southern Spain dated around 4000 years BP (from the Middle Neolithic to the Bronze Age). We found one of them to carry an unequivocal sub-Saharan mitogenome of most probably West or West-Central African origin, to our knowledge never reported before in prehistoric remains outside Africa. Our analyses of ancient nuclear genomes show small but significant levels of sub-Saharan African affinity in several ancient Iberian samples, which indicates that what we detected was not an occasional individual phenomenon, but an admixture event recognizable at the population level. We interpret this result as evidence of an early migration process from Africa into the Iberian Peninsula through a western route, possibly across the Strait of Gibraltar. London Royal Society 2019 10 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London : B, Biological sciences 286 1895 10.1098/rspb.2018.2288 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-50390 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Luis Horreo, Jose; Luisa Pelaez, Maria; Breedveld, Merel Cathelijne; Suarez, Teresa; Urieta, Maria; Fitze, Patrick S. Population structure of the oviparous South-West European common lizard Gene flow is an important factor determining the evolution of a species, since it directly affects population structure and species' adaptation. Here, we investigated population structure, population history, and migration among populations covering the entire distribution of the geographically isolated South-West European common lizard (Zootoca vivipara louislantzi) using 34 newly developed polymorphic microsatellite markers. The analyses unravelled the presence of isolation by distance, inbreeding, recent bottlenecks, genetic differentiation, and low levels of migration among most populations, suggesting that Z. vivipara louislantzi is threatened. The results point to discontinuous populations and are in line with physical barriers hindering longitudinal migration south to the central Pyrenean cordillera and latitudinal migration in the central Pyrenees. In contrast, evidence for longitudinal migration exists from the lowlands north to the central Pyrenean cordillera and the Cantabrian Mountains. The locations of the populations south to the central Pyrenean cordillera were identified as the first to be affected by global warming; thus, management actions aimed at avoiding population declines should start in this area. New York Springer 2019 9 European journal of wildlife research 65 1 10.1007/s10344-018-1242-6 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-50269 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Kolora, Sree Rohit Raj; Weigert, Anne; Saffari, Amin; Kehr, Stephanie; Walter Costa, Maria Beatriz; Spröer, Cathrin; Indrischek, Henrike; Chintalapati, Manjusha; Lohse, Konrad; Doose, Gero; Overmann, Jörg; Bunk, Boyke; Bleidorn, Christoph; Grimm-Seyfarth, Annegret; Henle, Klaus; Nowick, Katja; Faria, Rui; Stadler, Peter F.; Schlegel, Martin Divergent evolution in the genomes of closely related lacertids, Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata, and implications for speciation Background Lacerta viridis and Lacerta bilineata are sister species of European green lizards (eastern and western clades, respectively) that, until recently, were grouped together as the L. viridis complex. Genetic incompatibilities were observed between lacertid populations through crossing experiments, which led to the delineation of two separate species within the L. viridis complex. The population history of these sister species and processes driving divergence are unknown. We constructed the first high-quality de novo genome assemblies for both L. viridis and L. bilineata through Illumina and PacBio sequencing, with annotation support provided from transcriptome sequencing of several tissues. To estimate gene flow between the two species and identify factors involved in reproductive isolation, we studied their evolutionary history, identified genomic rearrangements, detected signatures of selection on non-coding RNA, and on protein-coding genes. Findings Here we show that gene flow was primarily unidirectional from L. bilineata to L. viridis after their split at least 1.15 million years ago. We detected positive selection of the non-coding repertoire; mutations in transcription factors; accumulation of divergence through inversions; selection on genes involved in neural development, reproduction, and behavior, as well as in ultraviolet-response, possibly driven by sexual selection, whose contribution to reproductive isolation between these lacertid species needs to be further evaluated. Conclusion The combination of short and long sequence reads resulted in one of the most complete lizard genome assemblies. The characterization of a diverse array of genomic features provided valuable insights into the demographic history of divergence among European green lizards, as well as key species differences, some of which are candidates that could have played a role in speciation. In addition, our study generated valuable genomic resources that can be used to address conservation-related issues in lacertids. Oxford Oxford Univ. Press 2018 15 GigaScience 8 2 10.1093/gigascience/giy160 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-36719 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Wiesner, Kerstin R.; Loxdale, Hugh D.; Köhler, Günter; Schneider, Anja R. R.; Tiedemann, Ralph; Weisser, Wolfgang W. Patterns of local and regional genetic structuring in the meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Orthoptera: Acrididae), in Central Germany revealed using microsatellite markers The meadow grasshopper, Chorthippus parallelus (Zetterstedt), is common and widespread in Central Europe, with a low dispersal range per generation. A population study in Central Germany (Frankenwald and Thuringer Schiefergebirge) showed strong interpopulation differences in abundance and individual fitness. We examined genetic variability using microsatellite markers within and between 22 populations in a short-to long-distance sampling (19 populations, Frankenwald, Schiefergebirge, as well as a southern transect), and in the Erzgebirge region (three populations), with the latter aiming to check for effects as a result of historical forest cover. Of the 671 C. parallelus captured, none was macropterous (functionally winged). All populations showed a high level of expected and observed heterozygosity (mean 0.80-0.90 and 0.60-0.75, respectively), whereas there was evidence of inbreeding (F(IS) values all positive). Allelic richness for all locus-population combinations was high (mean 9.3-11.2), whereas alleles per locus ranged from 15-62. At a local level, genic and genotypic differences were significant. Pairwise F(ST) values were in the range 0.00-0.04, indicating little interpopulation genetic differentiation. Similarly, the calculated gene flow was very high, based on the respective F(ST) (19.5) and using private alleles (7.7). A Neighbour-joining tree using Nei's D(A) and principal coordinate analysis separated two populations that were collected in the Erzgebirge region. Populations from this region may have escaped the effects of the historical forest cover. The visualization of the spatial arrangement of genotypes revealed one geographical barrier to gene flow in the short-distance sampling. Malden Wiley-Blackwell 2011 16 Biological journal of the Linnean Society : a journal of evolution 103 4 875 890 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01698.x Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-34882 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Pavesi, Laura; Ketmaier, Valerio Patterns of genetics structuring and levels of differentiation in supralittoral talitrid amphipods - an overview Talitrids are the only family within the order Amphipoda to have colonised supralittoral and terrestrial environments. They live in a variety of settings, from sandy to rocky and pebble beaches, to river and lake banks, and to leaf litter and caves. A common feature is the absence of a planktonic larval stage to facilitate passive dispersal over long-distances. However, some species have broad distributions. Genetic studies over the past 25 years have tried to explain this apparent contradiction by assessing patterns of species genetic structuring on different geographical scales. Here, we review the molecular studies available to date and focus on the population genetics of talitrids. Most of these studies considered populations in the Mediterranean area, but also along the Atlantic coast and in Canary Island caves. From this review, the group emerges as a potential model to understand processes of dispersal and divergence in non-highly-vagile supralittoral organisms. At the same time, studies on these issues are still too restricted geographically: a worldwide scale including different regions would provide us with a better perspective on these problems. Leiden Brill 2013 18 Crustaceana : international journal of crustacean research 86 7-8 890 907 10.1163/15685403-00003212 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie OPUS4-34670 Wissenschaftlicher Artikel Breitkopf, Hendrik; Schlüter, P. M.; Xu, S.; Schiestl, Florian P.; Cozzolino, S.; Scopece, G. Pollinator shifts between Ophrys sphegodes populations: might adaptation to different pollinators drive population divergence? Local adaptation to different pollinators is considered one of the possible initial stages of ecological speciation as reproductive isolation is a by-product of the divergence in pollination systems. However, pollinator-mediated divergent selection will not necessarily result in complete reproductive isolation, because incipient speciation is often overcome by gene flow. We investigated the potential of pollinator shift in the sexually deceptive orchids Ophrys sphegodes and Ophrys exaltata and compared the levels of floral isolation vs. genetic distance among populations with contrasting predominant pollinators. We analysed floral hydrocarbons as a proxy for floral divergence between populations. Floral adoption of pollinators and their fidelity was tested using pollinator choice experiments. Interpopulation gene flow and population differentiation levels were estimated using AFLP markers. The Tyrrhenian O.sphegodes population preferentially attracted the pollinator bee Andrena bimaculata, whereas the Adriatic O.sphegodes population exclusively attracted A.nigroaenea. Significant differences in scent component proportions were identified in O.sphegodes populations that attracted different preferred pollinators. High interpopulation gene flow was detected, but populations were genetically structured at species level. The high interpopulation gene flow levels independent of preferred pollinators suggest that local adaptation to different pollinators has not (yet) generated detectable genome-wide separation. Alternatively, despite extensive gene flow, few genes underlying floral isolation remain differentiated as a consequence of divergent selection. Different pollination ecotypes in O.sphegodes might represent a local selective response imposed by temporal variation in a geographical mosaic of pollinators as a consequence of the frequent disturbance regimes typical of Ophrys habitats. Hoboken Wiley-Blackwell 2013 12 Journal of evolutionary biology 26 10 2197 2208 10.1111/jeb.12216 Institut für Biochemie und Biologie