@article{HadzicEichlerVoelleretal.2022, author = {Hadzic, Miralem and Eichler, Sarah and V{\"o}ller, Heinz and Salzwedel, Annett}, title = {Akzeptanz und Nutzung eines telemedizinischen Rehabilitationsprogramms f{\"u}r Patienten mit Knie- oder H{\"u}ft-Totalendoprothese}, series = {Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport : B \& G ; offizielles Organ des Deutschen Verbandes f{\"u}r Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS)}, volume = {38}, journal = {Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport : B \& G ; offizielles Organ des Deutschen Verbandes f{\"u}r Gesundheitssport und Sporttherapie e.V. (DVGS)}, number = {01}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, organization = {Arbeitsgrp ReMove-It}, issn = {1613-0863}, doi = {10.1055/a-1714-3629}, pages = {20 -- 25}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Objective of the study: The long-term use of telemedical programs depends not only on their effectiveness, but also on patient acceptance and satisfaction. The effectiveness of telemedical exercise therapy for patients after implantation of a total knee or hip prosthesis and subsequent rehabilitation has already been examined in a randomized controlled study. This article focuses on the patient's acceptance and usage behaviour with regard to the tele-rehabilitation system. Methodology: 48 patients (53 +/- 7 years; 26 women; 35 hip/13 knee TEP) were questioned after a three-month telemedical movement therapy using the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) to determine the acceptance of the technology. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items (seven-point Likert scale) in six scales (e. g. usefulness, quality of interactions, reliability). System-specific questions were summarized on an additional scale. The results were presented as a percentage of the scale (100 estimates complete agreement). The usage behaviour was examined using system-generated process data for training and integrated voice/text messages. Results: The TUQ scales "Usefulness" (Mdn 95.2) and "Ease of use and learnability" (Mdn 92.9) were rated the highest, while "Reliability" (Mdn 57.1) and "Quality of interactions" ( Mdn 71.4) showed the lowest levels. The system-specific scale was placed in the upper quartile (Mdn 85.7). In the first week, 39 patients (81\%) and in the second 45 patients (94\%) performed at least one training exercise with the system. The proportion of active patients (>= 1 exercise/week) decreased in the further course to 75\% (n=36) in the 7th week and 48\% (n=23) in the 12th week. The system communication options were initially used frequently after the start of therapy: in the first week, 42 patients (88\%) sent messages, 47 patients (98\%) received messages from their therapist respectively. In week 7, 9 (19\%) and 13 (27\%) patients sent/received messages via the system respectively. Conclusion: Most of the patients perceived telemedical movement therapy as useful and user-friendly and seemed to be largely satisfied with the system. This proved to be well suited for short-term use of 6 to 8 weeks following subsequent rehabilitation.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Gutschow2009, author = {Gutschow, Ivonne}, title = {Auswirkungen des Cellvas-Mikrostromverfahrens auf die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit bei Sportlern : Analyse m{\"o}glicher Effekte auf ausgew{\"a}hlte psycho-physische Belastungsparameter im Leistungssport}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-40224}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2009}, abstract = {Hohe Leistungsanspr{\"u}che im Wettkampfsport erfordern von den Athleten eine hohe sportliche Belastbarkeit. M{\"o}glichkeiten die Trainingsumf{\"a}nge und -intensit{\"a}ten zu erh{\"o}hen, sind z.T. ausgesch{\"o}pft. So bestehen nach wie vor Bestrebungen neue Wege zu finden, um m{\"o}gliche Leistungsreserven zu erschließen. Elektrotherapieverfahren haben sich im klinischen Alltag, u.a. zur Behandlung von Traumata, bew{\"a}hrt und werden h{\"a}ufig zum Zweck der Analgesierung, Verbesserung der Gewebedurchblutung und zur Muskelstimulation angewandt. Deren Einsatz im adjuvanten Bereich der Trainingsbegleitung wurde bislang nur vereinzelt beschrieben. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden die Auswirkungen einer elektromagnetischen Anwendungsform auf ausgew{\"a}hlte psycho-physische Parameter untersucht (Kontrollgruppenvergleich mit placebokontrolliertem Design), um Aussagen {\"u}ber praxisrelevante Ans{\"a}tze zur trainingsunterst{\"u}tzenden Betreuung abzuleiten. Es stellte sich die Frage, ob eine Intervention (15 x / 4 Wo.) mit frequenzmodulierten Wechselstr{\"o}men im vorwiegend niederfrequenten Wirkungsspektrum (0-10000Hz, 5 μA / cm², CellVAS®) zu einer Beeinflussung der untersuchten Parameter f{\"u}hren und dahingehend nachhaltige leistungsf{\"o}rdernde oder -reduzierende Effekte erzielt werden k{\"o}nnten. Des Weiteren sollte gepr{\"u}ft werden, inwiefen die erhobenen Parameter (PWC170, Squat-Jump, Lateralflexion der Wirbels{\"a}ule und SF36®) aussagekr{\"a}ftig genug sind. Die Wirksamkeit des Applikationsform wurde im Pr{\"a}-Post-Vergleich vor (T1), nach (T2) und 4 Wo. nach Abschluss (T3, Nachhaltigkeit) der Intervention analysiert. Die Teilnehmer der Kontrollgruppe erhielten vergleichbare Applikationen im Placebomodus. Das Probandenkollektiv bestand aus gesunden Leistungssportlern, deren Sportarten einen hohen Kraftausdaueranteil enthielten (n=127). Die Gruppenzuteilung erfolgte teilrandomisiert in Haupt- (HG) und Kontrollgruppe (KG). Zudem wurden die Gruppen zus{\"a}tzlich geschlechtsspezifisch getrennt. Im Untersuchungsverlauf ließen sich Ver{\"a}nderungen f{\"u}r die Leistungsparameter PWC170 und Squat Jump erkennen. Inwiefern diese Abweichungen auf den Einfluss der Intervention mit frequenzmodulierten Wechselstr{\"o}men im niederfrequenten Wirkungsspektrum zur{\"u}ckzuf{\"u}hren sind, konnte in dieser Untersuchung nicht eindeutig gekl{\"a}rt werden. Die nachgewiesenen Effekte ließen sich nach den zu Grunde liegenden wissenschaftlichen Standards nicht statistisch valide belegen. Der wissenschaftliche Nachweis einer m{\"o}gliche Leistungsver{\"a}nderung konnte nicht abschließend erbracht werden. Im therapeutischen Bereich hat die untersuchte Applikationsform, auf Basis der bestehen Studienlage, ihre Anwendung gefunden und kann bedenkenlos verwendet werden. F{\"u}r den Einsatz als unterst{\"u}tzendes Verfahren in der sportlichen Praxis besteht nach wie vor Bedarf an validen, randomisierten Studien, die die Wirksamkeit der Applikationsform auf psycho-physische Parameter von Athleten nachhaltig belegen, bevor sie in der sportlichen Praxis Anwendung finden sollten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Barsuhn2016, author = {Barsuhn, Michael}, title = {Sportentwicklungsplanung als ein strategisches Steuerungsinstrument f{\"u}r kommunale Sportveranstaltungen}, series = {Schriften zur K{\"o}rperkultur ; 79}, journal = {Schriften zur K{\"o}rperkultur ; 79}, publisher = {Lit}, address = {Berlin}, isbn = {978-3-643-13525-4}, pages = {264}, year = {2016}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Schluenz2002, author = {Schl{\"u}nz, Uwe}, title = {Vergleich der Effektivit{\"a}t von rehabilitativen Trainingsformen im Wasser zu herk{\"o}mmlichen Maßnahmen bei Patienten mit Low Back Pain}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000749}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Die wachsenden Kosten f{\"u}r die Behandlung chronischer lumbaler R{\"u}ckenschmerzen stehen zunehmend in Diskrepanz mit den begrenzten Mitteln f{\"u}r das Gesundheitswesen. Untersuchungen zeigen, dass aktive Trainingsprogramme, je fr{\"u}her sie eingesetzt werden, einen positiven Einfluss auf die Senkung von Kosten f{\"u}r die Gesellschaft haben. Ein rechtzeitiger Einsatz der medizinischen Kr{\"a}ftigungstherapie bei R{\"u}ckenschmerzpatienten ist somit unter rehabilitativen Gesichtspunkten notwendig. Insbesondere das Training im Wasser gestattet gelenkschonende {\"U}bungen in fr{\"u}hen Phasen der Rehabilitation und lassen eine raschere Wiederherstellung erwarten. {\"U}ber die k{\"o}rperlichen Auswirkungen therapeutischer Trainingsmaßnahmen im Wasser sind bis dato wenige Studien verf{\"u}gbar, welche die Wirkung des Mediums Wasser auf konditionelle Parameter objektiv quantifizieren und bewerten. Jedoch sind bislang die M{\"o}glichkeiten f{\"u}r ein gezieltes Krafttraining im Wasser begrenzt. Eine ger{\"a}tetechnische Entwicklung, die ein rumpfstabilisierendes Krafttraining im Warmwasser erm{\"o}glicht, l{\"a}sst im Vergleich zu herk{\"o}mmlichen Trainingsm{\"o}glichkeiten eine noch effizientere rehabilitative Behandlung erwarten. Es wird die Fragestellung verfolgt, inwieweit aktive Trainingsformen im Wasser die Maximalkraft und die neuromuskul{\"a}re Funktion der Rumpfmuskulatur, sowie den Schmerz von R{\"u}ckenpatienten beeinflussen. Ferner soll im Rahmen der Untersuchungen die Effektivit{\"a}t eines neu entwickelten Wassertrainingsger{\"a}tes gepr{\"u}ft werden. Die Untersuchungen der Ergebnisse von 80 weiblichen Probanden (in f{\"u}nf Gruppen aufgeteilt: Kontrollgruppe, Aquajogging, Aquar{\"u}cken, Aquager{\"a}t und R{\"u}ckengymnastik an Land) zeigen, dass durch aktive Interventionsmaßnahmen eine Verbesserung der Kraftf{\"a}higkeit und eine Reduzierung von Schmerzen erzielt werden kann. Hingegen kommt es in der Kontrollgruppe, ohne Trainingsanwendungen, zur Stagnation des chronischen Schmerzzustandes, sogar zur Verschlechterung der Kraftentwicklung der R{\"u}ckenstreckmuskulatur. In allen Trainingsgruppen konnten kurzfristig und mittelfristig weniger Muskelfunktionsst{\"o}rungen nachgewiesen werden. Bei Betrachtung der Kraftentwicklung der unteren Rumpfmuskulatur f{\"a}llt auf, dass die h{\"o}chsten Zuw{\"a}chse der Bauchmuskelkraft in den Gruppen Aquar{\"u}cken und Aquager{\"a}t festzustellen sind. Die Kraft der R{\"u}ckenstreckermuskulatur entwickelte sich in der Gruppe Aquager{\"a}t mit einer Steigerung von 55\% nach der Intervention am st{\"a}rksten. Es kann die Hypothese aufgestellt werden, dass das Training im warmen Wasser unter stabilisierten Voraussetzungen eine effizientere Methode zur St{\"a}rkung der unteren Rumpfmuskulatur zu sein scheint. Bei der Entwicklung der Kraft der oberen R{\"u}cken- und Schulterg{\"u}rtelmuskulatur kommt es in den Gruppen Aquajogging und Aquar{\"u}cken zu den gr{\"o}ßten Steigerungen. Dies k{\"o}nnte mit der h{\"o}heren Aktivit{\"a}t der Arme im {\"U}bungsprogramm zusammenh{\"a}ngen. Positiv ist die hohe Reduzierung der Schmerzen in allen Trainingsgruppen zu bewerten. Jedoch ist bei Betrachtung der Ergebnisse festzustellen, dass f{\"u}r eine weitere Manifestierung der Trainingserfolge ein weiterf{\"u}hrendes Training bedeutsam ist. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie belegen, dass durch ein gezieltes Training im Wasser und an Land {\"u}ber 6 Wochen, je zweimal pro Woche, deutliche Verbesserungen in der Entwicklung von Kraft, Schmerzintensit{\"a}t, Funktionseinschr{\"a}nkung und Muskelfunktion m{\"o}glich sind. Ferner werden in dieser Arbeit positive Zusammenh{\"a}nge zwischen den Entwicklungen Schmerzintensit{\"a}t und R{\"u}ckenstreckerkraft, sowie Schmerzintensit{\"a}t und Bauchmuskelkraft beobachtet. Zwischen den Versuchsgruppen im Wasser und der Versuchsgruppe an Land konnten nur geringe Unterschiede in den Ergebnissen nachgewiesen werden. Jedoch geben die Resultate Hinweis darauf, dass bei h{\"o}heren Schmerzintensit{\"a}ten die Intervention im Wasser die Therapie der Wahl zu sein scheint. Die Resultate dieser Untersuchungen machen deutlich, dass der Einsatz eines Wassertrainingsger{\"a}tes in der Therapie chronischer R{\"u}ckenschmerzpatienten eine effiziente Methode zur Senkung von Schmerzen und zur Steigerung der Kraft der R{\"u}cken- und Bauchmuskulatur ist. Vorteile des Wassertraingsger{\"a}tes sind die gute Stabilisation des Beckens, trotz auftriebswirksamer Mechanismen im Wasser, die bedienerfreundliche Handhabung, der separat einstellbare Widerstand, die schnellen Therapieerfolge und die hohe Motivation der Kursteilnehmer. Diese Beobachtungen lassen eine effizientere Therapie und damit Kostenersparnisse vermuten. Nachteile sind das hohe Gewicht des Wassertraingsger{\"a}tes und die relativ hohen Anschaffungskosten. Die hohe Reduzierung der Schmerzintensit{\"a}t bei den Probanden, die am Wassertrainingsger{\"a}t Interventionen durchf{\"u}hrten, lassen vermuten, dass diese Ger{\"a}teanwendungen f{\"u}r Patienten mit sehr schmerzhaften oder subakuten Verlaufsformen besonders geeignet ist. Der schonende Charakter der Aquatherapie und der Einsatz eines neuen Wassertrainingsger{\"a}tes unterst{\"u}tzt in effektiver Weise die modernen Konzepte der Rehabilitation chronischer R{\"u}ckenschmerzpatienten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{LueckSchneider2007, author = {L{\"u}ck-Schneider, Dagmar}, title = {Sportberufe im Kontext neuerer Sportentwicklungen : Analyse {\"o}ffentlicher Arbeitsmarktdaten (1997-2006)}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-18420}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2007}, abstract = {Expansion und Pluralisierung des Sports lassen sich auch in {\"o}ffentlichen Arbeitsmarktstatistiken nachweisen. Dies zeigen Analysen {\"o}ffentlich eingesetzter Berufsverzeichnisse ab 1927 sowie Besch{\"a}ftigungsdaten, Arbeitslosenzahlen und Daten zu offen gemeldeten Stellen der Bundesagentur f{\"u}r Arbeit. Diese wurden f{\"u}r eine Vielzahl von Sportberufen ab 1997 erstmals ausgewertet. Die Bedeutung von Sportberufen in Berufsverzeichnissen ist gewachsen. Neue Berufe fanden bei entsprechender Arbeitsmarktbedeutung Eingang in die Verzeichnisse. Vereinzelt zeigen sich auch neuere Sporttrends. Ferner gab es seit 1999 eine außergew{\"o}hnliche Zunahme geringf{\"u}gig Besch{\"a}ftigter in allen betrachteten Berufsordnungen mit Sportberufen, teils auch eine Zunahme der sozialversicherungspflichtig Besch{\"a}ftigten. Fast ausnahmslos waren die Entwicklungen in beiden Besch{\"a}ftigungsarten in den untersuchten Berufsordnungen weit g{\"u}nstiger als im {\"u}bergeordneten Berufsumfeld. F{\"u}r den {\"u}berwiegenden Teil der Sportberufe ergab sich ein solches Ergebnis auch bei Betrachtung der Arbeitslosenzahlen, die von Anfang 1998 bis Ende 2004 ausgewertet wurden. Demgegen{\"u}ber wurden der Bundesagentur f{\"u}r Arbeit f{\"u}r fast alle sportbezogenen Berufsklassen 2006 weniger offene ungef{\"o}rderte Stellen gemeldet als noch 2000. Diese Entwicklung war jedoch nicht ausschließlich f{\"u}r die Berufsklassen im Sport zu beobachten. So sprechen die Ergebnisse zumindest f{\"u}r eine vergleichsweise gute Arbeitsmarktentwicklung in den meisten untersuchten Sportberufen. Die große Zunahme geringf{\"u}giger Besch{\"a}ftigung zeigt aber, dass hier vor allem keine als Haupterwerbsquelle geeigneten Besch{\"a}ftigungen entstanden sind. Dies reduziert zugleich die Chancen, mit diesen Berufen Arbeitslosigkeit zu reduzieren.}, language = {de} } @book{OPUS4-6290, title = {K{\"o}rperliche und motorische Entwicklung Brandenburger Grundsch{\"u}ler im L{\"a}ngsschnitt : Ergebnisse der EMOTIKON-Studie 2006-2010}, editor = {Wick, Ditmar and Golle, Kathleen and Ohlert, Henning}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-049-6}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-62879}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {347}, year = {2013}, abstract = {EMOTIKON-Studie benannte als Kurzform des Forschungsvorhabens zur "Interdisziplin{\"a}re(n) Evaluierung der motorischen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit und des Gesundheitszustandes im Kontext sportlicher Eignung und Effizienz des Sportunterrichtes von Grundsch{\"u}lerInnen im Land Brandenburg". Die L{\"a}ngsschnittstudie wurde durch den Arbeitsbereich Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam, unter der Leitung von Prof. Dr. Ditmar Wick, an 29 Grundschulen der Schul{\"a}mter Brandenburg/ Havel und Cottbus von 2006 bis 2010 realisiert. Mit der vorliegenden Publikation werden die Ergebnisse und deren Zusammenh{\"a}nge zur Entwicklung der motorischen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit, des K{\"o}rperbaus, der Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}t und der Einsch{\"a}tzung des Sportunterrichts mit einf{\"u}hrenden theoretischen Grundlagen und dem aktuellen nationalen Forschungsstand referiert. Die Autoren sind {\"u}berzeugt, dass dieser Abschlussbericht nicht nur das Interesse der im aktuellen Forschungsprojekt „EMOTIKON-Grundschulsport 2010-2014" involvierten Brandenburger Grundschulsportlehrer wecken wird, sondern auch den politischen Entscheidungstr{\"a}gern (Schul{\"a}mter, Ministerien) eine Entscheidungshilfe bieten als auch den Diskussionsprozess der im Themengebiet forschenden Wissenschaftler anregen kann. Diese {\"U}berzeugung gr{\"u}ndet sich insbesondere auf die Ergebnisse zur k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}t der Dritt- bis Sechstkl{\"a}ssler sowie der Analyse motorischer Leistung in Abh{\"a}ngigkeit von Geschlecht und soziodemografischen Gegebenheiten.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Borković2010, author = {Borković, Vladimir}, title = {Evaluation kommunaler Sportprojekte zur sozialen Integration von Heranwachsenden}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-86956-051-9}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-48186}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {372}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Gegenstand der Studie ist die Evaluation eines kommunalen Sportprojekts. Die Forschungsarbeit entstand aus der wachsenden Erkenntnis heraus, dass es nicht mehr nur um die Entwicklung und Durchf{\"u}hrung kommunaler oder sozialer Projekte geht, sondern zunehmend darauf ankommt, die Projektarbeit zu evaluieren, um ihren Einfluss auf die kommunale, soziale und personale Entwicklung zu pr{\"u}fen und in der Folge die Implementierung zu optimieren. Die unterschiedlichen Schritte in der Definition des theoretischen Rahmens, der Datenanalyse sowie der Erarbeitung der evaluativen Empfehlungen wurden unternommen mit dem Anspruch auf Modellcharakter, um f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Evaluationsvorhaben entsprechende Standards zu setzen. Die Grundidee des kommunalen Sportprojekts „Straßenfußball f{\"u}r Toleranz" ist innovativ: M{\"a}dchen und Jungen erobern durch gemeinsames Fußballspielen den {\"o}ffentlichen Raum. Sie spielen ohne Schiedsrichter und nach speziellen Regeln. Das Projekt richtet sich ausdr{\"u}cklich an sozial benachteiligte Jugendliche und bezieht gleichermaßen Jungen wie M{\"a}dchen ein.}, language = {de} } @misc{SchweizerBluemkeBrandetal.2010, author = {Schweizer, Geoffrey and Bluemke, Matthias and Brand, Ralf and Kahlert, Daniela}, title = {Exercise might be good for me, but I don't feel good about it : do automatic associations predict exercise behavior?}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-42510}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Models employed in exercise psychology highlight the role of reflective processes for explaining behavior change. However, as discussed in social cognition literature, information-processing models also consider automatic processes (dual-process models). To examine the relevance of automatic processing in exercise psychology, we used a priming task to assess the automatic evaluations of exercise stimuli in physically active sport and exercise majors (n = 32), physically active nonsport majors (n = 31), and inactive students (n = 31). Results showed that physically active students responded faster to positive words after exercise primes, whereas inactive students responded more rapidly to negative words. Priming task reaction times were successfully used to predict reported amounts of exercise in an ordinal regression model. Findings were obtained only with experiential items reflecting negative and positive consequences of exercise. The results illustrate the potential importance of dual-process models in exercise psychology.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Buegner2005, author = {B{\"u}gner, J{\"o}rg}, title = {Nichtlineare Methoden in der trainingswissenschaftlichen Diagnostik : mit Untersuchungen aus dem Schwimmsport}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-5504}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Die trainingswissenschaftliche Diagnostik in den Kernbereichen Training, Wettkampf und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit ist durch einen hohen Praxisbezug, eine ausgepr{\"a}gte strukturelle Komplexit{\"a}t und vielseitige Wechselwirkungen der sportwissenschaftlichen Teilgebiete gepr{\"a}gt. Diese Eigenschaften haben in der Vergangenheit dazu gef{\"u}hrt, dass zentrale Fragestellungen, wie beispielsweise die Maximierung der sportlichen Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit, eine {\"o}konomische Trainingsgestaltung, eine effektive Talentauswahl und -sichtung oder die Modellbildung noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig gel{\"o}st werden konnten. Neben den bereits vorhandenen linearen L{\"o}sungsans{\"a}tzen werden in dieser Arbeit Methoden aus dem Bereich der Neuronalen Netzwerke eingesetzt. Diese nichtlinearen Diagnoseverfahren sind besonders geeignet f{\"u}r die Analyse von Prozessabl{\"a}ufen, wie sie beispielsweise im Training vorliegen. Im theoretischen Teil werden zun{\"a}chst Gemeinsamkeiten, Abh{\"a}ngigkeiten und Unterschiede in den Bereichen Training, Wettkampf und Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit untersucht sowie die Br{\"u}cke zwischen trainingswissenschaftlicher Diagnostik und nichtlinearen Verfahren {\"u}ber die Begriffe der Interdisziplinarit{\"a}t und Integrativit{\"a}t geschlagen. Angelehnt an die Theorie der Neuronalen Netze werden anschließend die Grundlagenmodelle Perzeptron, Multilayer-Perzeptron und Selbstorganisierende Karten theoretisch erl{\"a}utert. Im empirischen Teil stehen dann die nichtlineare Analyse von personalen Anforderungsstrukturen, Zust{\"a}nde der sportlichen Form und die Prognose sportlichen Talents - allesamt bei jugendlichen Leistungsschwimmerinnen und -schwimmern - im Mittelpunkt. Die nichtlinearen Methoden werden dabei einerseits auf ihre wissenschaftliche Aussagekraft {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft, andererseits untereinander sowie mit linearen Verfahren verglichen.}, subject = {Neuronales Netz}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Krueger2005, author = {Kr{\"u}ger, Tom}, title = {Zum Einfluss der Lateralit{\"a}t in zyklischen Sportarten bei Nachwuchsathleten}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-5810}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2005}, abstract = {Die Auspr{\"a}gung der Lateralit{\"a}t der K{\"o}rperextremit{\"a}ten steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Hemisph{\"a}renspezialisierung des menschlichen Gehirns. Die Lateralit{\"a}t und die Dominanz einer Hemisph{\"a}re mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Leistungsf{\"a}higkeit ist ein bislang unvollst{\"a}ndig untersuchtes Ph{\"a}nomen im Sport. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll daher die Bedeutung der Seitigkeitsauspr{\"a}gung im Rahmen sportlicher Bewegungsabl{\"a}ufe gepr{\"u}ft werden. Sowohl bei Messungen im "Freiwasser", als auch in der "Kanu-Gegenstromanlage" im Bereich des Kanurennsportes werden seit einigen Jahren sich in Qualit{\"a}t und Quantit{\"a}t unterscheidende Kraft-Zeit-Funktionen der linken und rechten K{\"o}rperseite beobachtet, die zwar dokumentiert, aber bislang ungepr{\"u}ft in ihrer Bedeutung als leistungsbeeinflussend angenommen werden. Im Zeitraum von Oktober 1997 bis Oktober 2000 wurden 275 Kajakfahrer und Canadierfahrer im Alter zwischen 11 und 20 Jahren zweimal j{\"a}hrlich (M{\"a}rz und Oktober) mit einem umfangreichen trainings- und bewegungswissenschaftlichen sowie biomechanischen Instrumentarium untersucht. Die Athleten geh{\"o}ren zum Nachwuchs- und Anschlusskader des LKV Brandenburg. Schwerpunkt der Fragestellung ist der Zusammenhang von auftretenden Kraftdifferenzen zwischen der linken und rechten oberen Extremit{\"a}t und sportartspezifischen Leistungen unter Laborbedingungen und Feldbedingungen. Es wurden objektive Daten zu ausgew{\"a}hlten Kraftf{\"a}higkeiten der oberen Arm-Beuge-Schlinge an einem Kraftdiagnoseger{\"a}t, Kraftverl{\"a}ufe am Messpaddel w{\"a}hrend Leistungs{\"u}berpr{\"u}fungen im "Kanu-Gegenstromkanal" und im "Freiwasser" {\"u}ber 250 m und 2.000 m im Jahresverlauf erhoben. Die Ergebnisse zeigen einen Trend der im Altersverlauf ansteigenden Differenz der Mittelwertunterschiede in der Maximalkraft zwischen dem linken und rechten Arm. Bei bestehenden Maximalkraftdifferenzen zwischen linker und rechter oberer Extremit{\"a}t in der L{\"a}ngsschnittgruppe liegen die Leistungen mit dem rechten Arm deutlich {\"u}ber den Kraftleistungen des linken Arms und sind nicht zuf{\"a}llig. Mit steigendem Maximalkraftniveau nimmt {\"u}berraschenderweise auch die Differenz der Maximalkraft zwischen der linken und rechten oberen Extremit{\"a}t trotz bilateralen Trainings zu. Die Ergebnisse der EMG-Analyse best{\"a}tigen, dass die Maximalkraft leistungsbestimmend f{\"u}r die Bootsleistungen ist. In den EMG-Signalverl{\"a}ufen werden die unterschiedlichen Belastungen der Labor- und Feldbedingungen mit individuellen Charakteristika nachgezeichnet. Deutlich unterscheiden sich die Kraftverl{\"a}ufe im "Freiwasser" gegen{\"u}ber den Kraftverl{\"a}ufen in der "Kanu-Gegenstromanlage". Bei der vorliegenden Untersuchung handelt es sich um eine erste empirische Arbeit zur Auswirkung von Seitigkeitsunterschieden in zyklischen Sportarten auf der Expertiseebene. In der Untersuchung wurden methodische Verfahren eingesetzt, die dem derzeitigen Forschungsstand in der Trainings- und Bewegungswissenschaft entsprechen. Neben varianzanalytischen Verfahren der Auswertung zur Darstellung von Mittelwertunterschieden und Zusammenh{\"a}nge pr{\"u}fenden Verfahren wurden ebenso explorative EMG-Analysen angewandt. Die Ergebnisse aus dem L{\"a}ngsschnitt belegen bei ausschließlich rechtsh{\"a}ndigen Probanden, dass die Schlussfolgerung von bevorzugter Extremit{\"a}t auf ein h{\"o}heres Kraftniveau nicht eineindeutig ist. Zwischen den oberen Extremit{\"a}ten bei Kanurennsportlern bestehen nicht nur zuf{\"a}llige Kraftunterschiede, trotz des bilateralen Trainings. Kontrovers diskutiert wird die Beziehung von bevorzugter Extremit{\"a}t und der H{\"o}he der Kraftentfaltung. Im Alltagsverst{\"a}ndnis wird h{\"a}ufig angenommen, dass ein h{\"o}heres Maximalkraftniveau in der Extremit{\"a}t vorliegen muss, die auch die bevorzugte (z.B. Schreibhand) ist (WIRTH \& LIPHARDT, 1999). Diese Eindeutigkeit konnte in der durchgef{\"u}hrten Untersuchung nicht best{\"a}tigt werden. Wie die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung deutlich zeigen, nimmt mit der h{\"o}heren Maximalkraft aber auch die Differenz der Kraftleistungen zwischen dem linken und rechten Arm bei bilateral ausgerichtetem Training zu. FISCHER (1988; 1992) wies nach, dass sich ein Training auf der subdominanten Seite in einem kontralateralen Leistungstransfer auf der dominanten Seite positiv auswirkte. Erkenntnisse von KUHN (1986) und HOLLMANN \& HETTINGER (2000) unterst{\"u}tzen nachhaltig die Ergebnisse. Die EMG-Ergebnisse zeigen die individuelle Reaktion auf die Belastungsanforderungen. Die elektromyographischen Daten beziehen sich auf den neuromuskul{\"a}ren Komplex. Somit sprechen hohe Amplitudenwerte einerseits f{\"u}r eine hohe Innervation der beteiligten motorischen Einheiten an der Bewegungsausf{\"u}hrung und andererseits f{\"u}r einsetzende Erm{\"u}dungserscheinungen im Muskel. In Bezug auf die Erm{\"u}dung der oberen Extremit{\"a}tenmuskeln der rechten und linken Seite beschreiben WILLIAMS, SHARMA \& BILODEAU (2002) keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der dominanten und nichtdominanten Handseite.}, subject = {Kanurennsport}, language = {de} } @misc{MkaouerHammoudiNassibAmaraetal.2018, author = {Mkaouer, Bessem and Hammoudi-Nassib, Sarra and Amara, Samiha and Chaab{\`e}ne, Helmi}, title = {Evaluating the physical and basic gymnastics skills assessment for talent identification in men's artistic gymnastics proposed by the International Gymnastics Federation}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {691}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-46004}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-460049}, pages = {383 -- 392}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This study aimed to determine the specific physical and basic gymnastics skills considered critical in gymnastics talent identification and selection as well as in promoting men's artistic gymnastics performances. Fifty-one boys from a provincial gymnastics team (age 11.03 ± 0.95 years; height 1.33 ± 0.05 m; body mass 30.01 ± 5.53 kg; body mass index [BMI] 16.89 ± 3.93 kg/m²) regularly competing at national level voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometric measures as well as the men's artistic gymnastics physical test battery (i.e., International Gymnastics Federation [FIG] age group development programme) were used to assess the somatic and physical fitness profile of participants, respectively. The physical characteristics assessed were: muscle strength, flexibility, speed, endurance, and muscle power. Test outcomes were subjected to a principal components analysis to identify the most representative factors. The main findings revealed that power speed, isometric and explosive strength, strength endurance, and dynamic and static flexibility are the most determinant physical fitness aspects of the talent selection process in young male artistic gymnasts. These findings are of utmost importance for talent identification, selection, and development.}, language = {en} } @article{LabudekSchweizerRothetal.2019, author = {Labudek, Sarah and Schweizer, Geoffrey and Roth, Anika and Pizzera, Alexandra and Plessner, Henning and Brand, Ralf}, title = {REFS-D}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000256}, pages = {15 -- 24}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels ist die teststatistische {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung und Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version der Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS). Die REFS erfasst im englischsprachigen Original die Selbstwirksamkeit von Schiedsrichterinnen und Schiedsrichtern mit den Subskalen Wissen {\"u}ber das Spiel, Entscheidungsfindung, Druck und Kommunikation. Die Items wurden mit Hilfe der {\"U}bersetzung-R{\"u}ck{\"u}bersetzung ins Deutsche {\"u}bertragen. Die Struktur und die psychometrischen Eigenschaften der deutschen Items wurden anhand einer Stichprobe aus 265 deutschsprachigen Fußballschiedsrichterinnen und -schiedsrichtern {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft. Da die im englischsprachigen Original vorgeschlagene Skalenzuordnung der REFS nach der {\"U}bersetzung ins Deutsche nicht replizierbar war, wurden Items mit mangelhaften Skaleneigenschaften aus der deutschsprachigen REFS-Version (REFS-D) ausgeschlossen. Das Resultat der Analysen ist eine Skala mit acht Items, die sich drei Subskalen, Spielumsetzung, Druck und Kommunikation, zuordnen lassen. Die REFS-D weist zufriedenstellende interne Konsistenzen und signifikante mittelhohe Korrelationen mit allgemeiner Selbstwirksamkeit auf. Trotz einiger Einschr{\"a}nkungen stellt die REFS-D als {\"o}konomische Skala einen Ansatzpunkt f{\"u}r zuk{\"u}nftige Forschung dar.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Karnahl2010, author = {Karnahl, Brita}, title = {Vergleichende Untersuchungen von Leistungs- und Stoffwechselparametern im ergometrischen Test an Land und im Wasser}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-49523}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2010}, abstract = {Einleitung: Vorliegende empirische Daten verdeutlichen, dass in der Fachwelt zwar weites gehend Einigkeit {\"u}ber die Wirkung des Mediums Wasser auf den Organismus in Ruhe (metabolisch und endokrin) besteht, aber differente Aussagen bei Immersion und Bewegung (h{\"a}modynamisch, metabolisch und endokrin) getroffen werden. Wie unterscheidet sich die physische Beanspruchung an Land und im Wasser? Gelten die allgemeing{\"u}ltigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erw{\"u}nschter Trainings- bzw. Belastungseffekte auch f{\"u}r aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen? Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Herzfrequenz, der systolische Blutdruck und der Sauerstoffverbrauch waren in Ruhe (baseline) an der anaeroben Schwelle und w{\"a}hrend der Ausbelastung auf dem Land und im Wasser {\"a}hnlich. Der Respiratorische Quotient wurde gering reduziert, als die Probanden im Wasser trainierten. Die Glukose- und Laktatkonzentration wurden vermindert, wohingegen die freie Fetts{\"a}urekonzentration mit der Belastung im Wasser erh{\"o}ht wurde. Wasserimmersion senkte die Adrenalin- und Noradrenalinkonzentration und erh{\"o}hte die vermehrte ANP-Produktion w{\"a}hrend der Belastung. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Adrenalin und Noradrenalin) sind im Wasser geringer ausgepr{\"a}gt als an Land. Hinsichtlich der Stoffwechselregulation konnte beobachtet werden, dass ANP eine Rolle bei der Regulation des Fettstoffwechsels spielt. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass Belastungen im Wasser vor allem eine spezifische humorale und metabolische Antwort des Organismus entlocken. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Katecholamine) im Wasser sind geringer ausgepr{\"a}gt als an Land. Immersions- und Belastungseffekte scheinen teilweise kontr{\"a}re Reize zu sein. Es sind daher weiterhin experimentelle Untersuchungen notwendig, um die Regulationsmechanismen des Organismus zur Kompensation eines erh{\"o}hten ven{\"o}sen R{\"u}ckstroms bei Immersion ohne und vor allem mit Bewegung zu kl{\"a}ren. Auf Grund der geringen Unterschiede in der h{\"a}modynamischen Reaktion des K{\"o}rpers bei vergleichbarer k{\"o}rperlicher Belastung Land vs. Wasser kann sich an den allgemeing{\"u}ltigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erw{\"u}nschter Trainings-bzw. Belastungseffekte auch f{\"u}r aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen orientiert werden.}, language = {de} } @article{NiehuesGerlachSallen2021, author = {Niehues, Maike and Gerlach, Erin and Sallen, Jeffrey}, title = {Measuring dual career motivation among German student-athletes using the Student Athletes' Motivation Toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire}, series = {German journal of exercise and sport research : Sportwissenschaft / Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Sportwissenschaft, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Deutsche Vereinigung f{\"u}r Sportwissenschaft}, volume = {51}, journal = {German journal of exercise and sport research : Sportwissenschaft / Bundesinstitut f{\"u}r Sportwissenschaft, Deutscher Olympischer Sportbund, Deutsche Vereinigung f{\"u}r Sportwissenschaft}, number = {3}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Berlin ; Heidelberg}, issn = {2509-3142}, doi = {10.1007/s12662-021-00723-9}, pages = {378 -- 383}, year = {2021}, abstract = {With the 2012 EU guidelines on dual careers (DC), DC research gained increasing awareness in Europe focussing particularly on student-athletes' motivation. The Student Athletes' Motivation toward Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ), arguably the most prominent instrument in this research area, has been used in various cross-cultural studies assessing DC motivation. The present investigation contributes to the cross-cultural discourse aiming to (1) adapt the SAMSAQ for the German context and adolescent secondary school student-athletes, and (2) evaluate the German pre-version. A sample of 208 student-athletes (52.4\% females, mean age = 17.4 years, 49.5\% at squad level) at three German Elite Sport Schools participated in the study. The investigation was split into two parts. First, the SAMSAQ was adapted to the German context and tested. In the second part, the first pre-version was revised. A series of exploratory factor analyses were applied to verify the factor structure of both German SAMSAQ pre-versions. Eight different factor models based on item removal were compared. Neither model demonstrated good results for the replication of previous findings or a meaningful solution in terms of content. Reasons for the deviations between the original and target SAMSAQ factor structures can be found in the different target groups and the culturally different approaches to career assistant programmes as well as in the theoretical background of the instrument. Since neither model was identified as acceptable, the findings indicate that a new instrument needs to be developed for assessing student-athletes' DC motivation along their pathways in different cross-cultural contexts.}, language = {en} } @article{SallenAndraeLudygaetal.2020, author = {Sallen, Jeffrey and Andr{\"a}, Christian and Ludyga, Sebastian and M{\"u}cke, Manuel and Herrmann, Christian}, title = {School children's physical activity, motor competence, and corresponding self-perception}, series = {Journal of physical activity and health}, volume = {17}, journal = {Journal of physical activity and health}, number = {11}, publisher = {Human Kinetics Publ.}, address = {Champaign}, issn = {1543-3080}, doi = {10.1123/jpah.2019-0507}, pages = {1083 -- 1090}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: The relationship between engagement in physical activity and the development of motor competence (MC) is considered to be reciprocal and dynamic throughout childhood and adolescence. The 10-month follow-up study aimed to explore this reciprocal relationship and investigated whether the relationship is mediated by the corresponding self-perception of MC (PMC). Methods: A total of 51 children aged between 10 and 11 years (M = 10.27 [0.45]) participated in the study (52.9\% boys, 47.1\% girls). As an indicator for physical activity, the average vigorous physical activity (VPA) per day was measured by ActiGraph accelerometers. Two aspects of MC and PMC were recorded: self-movement and object movement. Saturated pathway models in a cross-lagged panel design with 2 measurement points were analyzed. Results: Reciprocal and direct relationships between VPA and MC object movement respectively MC self-movement were not found in longitudinal analyses with PMC as a mediator. Indirect effects of MC at t1 on VPA at t2 via PMC were identified (self-movement: beta = 0.13, 95\% confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.26; object movement: beta = 0.14, 95\% confidence interval, 0.01 to 0.49). Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of MC and PMC in promoting children's VPA. However, VPA does not drive the development of MC.}, language = {en} } @masterthesis{Noa2021, type = {Bachelor Thesis}, author = {Noa, Laura Charleen}, title = {Wassergew{\"o}hnung zu Hause: Schwimmenlernen beginnt in der Badewanne}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-56173}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-561737}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {29}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Das Hauptziel der Bachelorarbeit stellt eine theoretische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema Wassergew{\"o}hnung im eigenen Zuhause dar. Ausgehend von dieser Ausf{\"u}hrung erstellt die Autorin als Theorie-Praxis-Transfer eine Handreichung f{\"u}r Erziehungsberechtigte mit den relevantesten Informationen ihrer Qualifikationsarbeit in komprimierter Form. Damit die Erziehungsberechtigten ihren Kindern proaktiv zur Seite stehen k{\"o}nnen, soll die Handreichung adressat*innengerecht und pr{\"a}gnant sein, ohne den Erziehungsberechtigten essenzielle Details vorzuenthalten. Die Erziehungsberechtigten erhalten eine Handreichung, welche die bedeutendsten Informationen rund um die Wassergew{\"o}hnung zu Hause enth{\"a}lt. Sie erfahren unter anderem etwas {\"u}ber die h{\"o}chstm{\"o}gliche Aufenthaltsdauer der Kinder im Wasser und die optimale Temperatur des Badewassers. Außerdem erhalten sie wichtige Informationen rund um die K{\"o}rperreaktionen, welche durch oder im Wasser auftreten k{\"o}nnen. Das sind bspw. der Lidschlussreflex oder der K{\"a}ltereiz. Sie werden {\"u}ber essenzielle Sicherheitsaspekte informiert und erhalten eine kompakte Darstellung {\"u}ber Verhaltensregeln, den sogenannten do's and dont's. Die {\"U}bungen/Spiele werden nach den aktuellen Vorgaben der DGUV (2019) f{\"u}r die Inhalte der Wassergew{\"o}hnung ausgew{\"a}hlt und nach den heimischen Voraussetzungen strukturiert sein. In der Handreichung werden zudem auch {\"U}bungen/Spiele zu finden sein, bei welchen keine Eigenschaften oder Wirkungen des Wassers kennengelernt werden. Atem- und Tauch{\"u}bungen werden in der Handreichung ebenso beschrieben. Die Angst vor dem Wasser stellt, sobald sie sich manifestiert, bekanntlich das gr{\"o}ßte Hindernis der Nichtschwimmer*innen dar (DGUV, 2019). Darum m{\"o}chte die Autorin mit der Aufkl{\"a}rung {\"u}ber diese Angst in ihrer Qualifikationsarbeit und der Handreichung bewirken, dass die Erziehungsberechtigten in der Lage sind, den Kindern das Angstgef{\"u}hl gegen{\"u}ber dem Wasser zu nehmen oder ihre Angstfreiheit beizubehalten und um daran anschließend den Kindern Freude an der Bewegung im Wasser zu erm{\"o}glichen. „Je mehr Freude die Kinder im Kleinkindalter am Baden haben, je weniger Angst sie mit dem Medium verbinden, umso schneller erlernen sie sp{\"a}ter das Schwimmen" (DGUV, 2016, S. 6). Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Handreichungen stellen die zentralen Aspekte und Ziele der Wassergew{\"o}hnung dar. Diese werden der, im Rahmen Schule, bedeutsamen Publikation der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung aus dem Jahr 2019 entnommen. Hierbei handelt es sich um die Wahrnehmung der spezifischen Voraussetzungen des Wassers sowie deren Ann{\"a}herung und Gew{\"o}hnung. Die Kinder erfahren die Eigenschaften Dichte, Druck und Temperatur des Elements und den Einfluss des Wassers auf den K{\"o}rper. Das sind Wasserwiderstand, Auftrieb und die Wasserkraft. So werden die {\"U}bungen, in denen die Kinder das Wasser kennenlernen, beziehungsweise zum ersten Mal intensiv in Ber{\"u}hrung mit diesem kommen, zu Beginn erw{\"a}hnt. Anschließend folgen {\"U}bungen, {\"u}berwiegend in Spielformen, bei denen die Freude geweckt werden soll. Als letzte Phase folgen {\"U}bungen, bei welchen der spezifische Umgang mit dem Wassers vonn{\"o}ten ist. Diese Struktur ist an den ersten drei Phasen nach Baumeisters (1984) Methodik zur Wassergew{\"o}hnung orientiert. So wird zudem das methodische Prinzip vom Einfachen zum Komplexen als theoretische Grundlage verwendet. Legahn (2007) beschreibt einige Lernmodelle, die je nach Alter und Entwicklungsstand bei der Wassergew{\"o}hnung angewendet werden k{\"o}nnen. In der Handreichung wird die Autorin auf diese zur{\"u}ckgreifen und passende Lerntechniken ausf{\"u}hren. Beispiele hierf{\"u}r sind unter anderem das Lernen am Modell (Nachahmung von Personen, Tieren oder Puppen) oder das Aktive Lernen (ein spielerischer Bewegungsaufbau verbessert die Fertigkeiten). Die ben{\"o}tigten Materialien werden in der Handreichung unter der {\"U}berschrift der {\"U}bungen/Spiele ausgef{\"u}hrt und dienen als erste Information. Neben der {\"U}berschrift werden die m{\"o}glichen Eigenschaften und Wirkungen des Wassers, welche in dieser spezifischen {\"U}bung kennengelernt werden, benannt. Das sind beispielsweise Druck und Auftrieb f{\"u}r Wasserdruck und Wasserauftrieb. Darunter wird die jeweilige {\"U}bung beschrieben. Als Visualisierung erstellt die Autorin selbstst{\"a}ndig gezeichnete Bilder. Unterhalb dieser Bilder befindet sich oft auch eine passende Spielvariante, um mit dieser {\"U}bung noch zus{\"a}tzlich Freude zu wecken. Ebenso werden auch mehrmals passende {\"U}bungsformen oder Tipps erw{\"a}hnt.}, language = {de} } @misc{BrandVoelckerRehage2020, author = {Brand, Ralf and Voelcker-Rehage, Claudia}, title = {DEAL und eine Zwischenbilanz {\"u}ber die Entwicklung der Zeitschrift}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-52265}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-522652}, pages = {1 -- 4}, year = {2020}, language = {de} } @article{WippertArampatzisBanzeretal.2019, author = {Wippert, Pia-Maria and Arampatzis, Adamantios and Banzer, Winfried and Beck, Heidrun and Hasenbring, Monika Ilona and Schiltenwolf, Marcus and Schneider, Christian and Stengel, Dirk and Platen, Petra and Mayer, Frank}, title = {Psychosoziale Risikofaktoren in der Entstehung von chronisch unspezifischen R{\"u}ckenschmerzen}, series = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, volume = {26}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r Sportpsychologie}, number = {1}, publisher = {Hogrefe}, address = {G{\"o}ttingen}, issn = {1612-5010}, doi = {10.1026/1612-5010/a000245}, pages = {25 -- 35}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Chronisch unspezifische R{\"u}ckenschmerzen (CURS) geh{\"o}ren international zu den h{\"a}ufigsten Schmerzph{\"a}nomenen und k{\"o}nnen f{\"u}r Athletinnen und Athleten karrierelimitierend sein. Knapp ein Drittel der j{\"a}hrlichen Trainingsausfallzeiten werden auf CURS zur{\"u}ckgef{\"u}hrt. In der Entstehung von chronischen Schmerzen ist ein multifaktorielles {\"A}tiologiemodell mit einem signifikanten Einfluss psychosozialer Risikofaktoren evident. Obwohl dies in der Allgemeinbev{\"o}lkerung bereits gut erforscht ist, gibt es in der Sportwissenschaft vergleichsweise wenige Arbeiten dar{\"u}ber. Dieses Thema wird daher in drei Multicenterstudien und zahlreichen Teilstudien des MiSpEx-Netzwerks (Medicine in Spine-Exercise-Network, F{\"o}rderzeitraum 2011 - 2018) aufgegriffen. Entsprechend der Empfehlung einer fr{\"u}hzeitigen Diagnostik von Chronifizierungsfaktoren in der „Nationalen Versorgungsleitlinie Kreuzschmerz", besch{\"a}ftigt sich das Netzwerk u. a. mit der {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung, Entwicklung und Evaluation diagnostischer M{\"o}glichkeiten. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung einer Diagnostik von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren, die einerseits eine Einsch{\"a}tzung des Risikos der Entwicklung von CURS und andererseits eine individuelle Zuweisung zu (Trainings)Interventionen erlaubt. Es wird die Entwicklungsrationale beschrieben und dabei verschiedene methodische Herangehensweisen und Entscheidungssequenzen reflektiert.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Ritter2002, author = {Ritter, Andreas}, title = {Wandlungen in der Steuerung des DDR-Hochleistungssports in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-935024-61-7}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-0000665}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {337}, year = {2002}, abstract = {Die intensive Auswertung unterschiedlicher schriftlicher und m{\"u}ndlicher Quellen sowie die Erschließung von damals "geheimer" Literatur f{\"u}r die Forschung heute erm{\"o}glicht eine differenzierte Rekonstruktion historischer Abl{\"a}ufe. Die vorliegende Arbeit nutzt diesen Zugang zur Darstellung von kleineren und gr{\"o}ßeren DDR-internen sportpolitischen Strukturwandlungen der 1960er und 1970er Jahre, die ihren H{\"o}hepunkt in einer dramatischen Umsteuerung des DDR-Hochleistungssports fanden. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Akteure unter F{\"u}hrung von Manfred EWALD, gew{\"a}hltem Mitglied des SED-Zentralkomitees, einer Zentralfigur des DDR-Sports (vergleichbar mit der Bedeutung eines Willi DAUME im Westen) zwischen Systemzw{\"a}ngen und individueller Handlungsfreiheit innerhalb des Rahmens einer Diktatur in der Phase des Wechsels von Walter ULBRICHT zu Erich HONECKER eine Effektivierung des zentralistischen Modells durchsetzten (eine Parallele zum Ansatz von Monika KAISER). Im Gegensatz zu vielen kontroversen Erkl{\"a}rungsmodellen belegt der Verf., dass die Medaillenerfolge durch die zentrale Steuerung aller Abl{\"a}ufe gew{\"a}hrleistet wurden. Ohne SED-Auftrag wurde 1967 die "Leistungssportkommission der DDR" (LSK der DDR) gebildet. Im Unterschied zu den zahlreichen vom Verf. erstmals dargestellten Vorg{\"a}ngermodellen war diese SED-LSK "oberhalb des DTSB" angesiedelt und erteilte ihm Parteiauftr{\"a}ge - die Unterordnung des organisierten Sports unter die Autorit{\"a}t des Zentralkomitee machte angesichts der "Nationalen Fronten" von Armeesportvereinigung "Vorw{\"a}rts" und Sportvereinigung "Dynamo" (SPITZER) jegliche zentrale Sportpolitik erst durchsetzbar. Zur "LSK der DDR" waren SED-Mitglieder abgeordnet, welche ihr Sachgebiet vertraten und nach gemeinsamer Beschlussfassung die Ergebnisse der LSK-Arbeit wiederum in ihrem jeweiligen T{\"a}tigkeitsfeld durchzusetzen hatten, was in der Diss. ausgef{\"u}hrt wird. Sportvertreter ebenso wie hochrangige Abgesandte der Ministerien, die mit der Produktion von G{\"u}tern f{\"u}r den Hochleistungssport befasst waren, geh{\"o}rten den LSK-Gremien an, die auch die DDR-Sportwissenschaft steuerten; es l{\"a}sst sich sogar nachweisen, dass die Herrschaft {\"u}ber diesen wichtigen Apparat sowie die Dopingforschung ein Hauptmotiv der LSK-Bildung gewesen ist. Durch seine Quellenorientierung und die F{\"u}lle an Belegen gibt die vorliegende Arbeit neue Anreize zur Auseinandersetzung mit dem Ph{\"a}nomen der Steuerung des Hochleistungssports in der DDR - auch {\"u}ber den Untersuchungszeitraum hinaus. Die Untersuchung wurde von der Humanwissenschaftlichen Fakult{\"a}t der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam als Dissertation angenommen. Sie geht auf ein Stipendium dieser Universit{\"a}t zur{\"u}ck; das Verfahren konnte mit einem Pr{\"a}dikat abgeschlossen werden. Gutachter waren Prof. Dr. Dr. Gertrud PFISTER, Kopenhagen, Prof. Dr. Christoph KLEßMANN, Potsdam, und der Betreuer, Steady Visiting Prof. Univ. Odense, Priv.-Doz. Dr. habil. Giselher SPITZER, Berlin / Potsdam / Odense (D{\"a}nemark).}, language = {de} } @misc{PuschmannLinWippert2021, author = {Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Lin, I-Chiao and Wippert, Pia-Maria}, title = {Sustainability of a motor control exercise intervention}, series = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Zweitver{\"o}ffentlichungen der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-54408}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-544083}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Development of chronic pain after a low back pain episode is associated with increased pain sensitivity, altered pain processing mechanisms and the influence of psychosocial factors. Although there is some evidence that multimodal therapy (such as behavioral or motor control therapy) may be an important therapeutic strategy, its long-term effect on pain reduction and psychosocial load is still unclear. Prospective longitudinal designs providing information about the extent of such possible long-term effects are missing. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of a homebased uni- and multidisciplinary motor control exercise program on low back pain intensity, disability and psychosocial variables. 14 months after completion of a multicenter study comparing uni- and multidisciplinary exercise interventions, a sample of one study center (n = 154) was assessed once more. Participants filled in questionnaires regarding their low back pain symptoms (characteristic pain intensity and related disability), stress and vital exhaustion (short version of the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire), anxiety and depression experiences (the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale), and pain-related cognitions (the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Repeated measures mixed ANCOVAs were calculated to determine the long-term effects of the interventions on characteristic pain intensity and disability as well as on the psychosocial variables. Fifty four percent of the sub-sample responded to the questionnaires (n = 84). Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant long-term effect of the exercise intervention on pain disability. The multidisciplinary group missed statistical significance yet showed a medium sized long-term effect. The groups did not differ in their changes of the psychosocial variables of interest. There was evidence of long-term effects of the interventions on pain-related disability, but there was no effect on the other variables of interest. This may be partially explained by participant's low comorbidities at baseline. Results are important regarding costless homebased alternatives for back pain patients and prevention tasks. Furthermore, this study closes the gap of missing long-term effect analysis in this field.}, language = {en} } @article{MarkovHauserChaabene2022, author = {Markov, Adrian and Hauser, Lukas and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effects of concurrent strength and endurance training on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults}, series = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, volume = {53}, journal = {Sports medicine : an international journal of applied medicine and science in sport and exercise}, number = {2}, publisher = {Springer}, address = {Heidelberg}, issn = {0112-1642}, doi = {10.1007/s40279-022-01764-2}, pages = {437 -- 455}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background There is evidence that in older adults the combination of strength training (ST) and endurance training (ET) (i.e., concurrent training [CT]) has similar effects on measures of muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance (CRE) compared with single-mode ST or ET, respectively. Therefore, CT seems to be an effective method to target broad aspects of physical fitness in older adults. Objectives The aim was to examine the effects of CT on measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, balance and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. We also aimed to identify key moderating variables to guide training prescription. Study Design We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Data Sources The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, MEDLINE and Google Scholar were systematically searched until February 2022. Eligibility Criteria for Selecting Studies We included randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of CT versus passive controls on measures of physical fitness in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years. Results Fifteen studies were eligible, including a total of 566 participants. CT induced moderate positive effects on muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.74) and power (SMD = 0.50), with a small effect on CRE (SMD = 0.48). However, no significant effects were detected for balance (p > 0.05). Older adults > 65 years (SMD = 1.04) and females (SMD = 1.05) displayed larger improvements in muscle strength compared with adults <= 65 years old (SMD = 0.60) and males (SMD = 0.38), respectively. For CRE, moderate positive effects (SMD = 0.52) were reported in those <= 65 years old only, with relatively larger gains in females (SMD = 0.55) compared with males (SMD = 0.45). However, no significant differences between all subgroups were detected. Independent single training factor analysis indicated larger positive effects of 12 weeks (SMD = 0.87 and 0.88) compared with 21 weeks (SMD = 0.47 and 0.29) of CT on muscle strength and power, respectively, while for CRE, 21 weeks of CT resulted in larger gains (SMD = 0.62) than 12 weeks (SMD = 0.40). For CT frequency, three sessions per week produced larger beneficial effects (SMD = 0.91) on muscle strength compared with four sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas for CRE, moderate positive effects were only noted after four sessions per week (SMD = 0.58). A session duration of > 30-60 min generated larger improvements in muscle strength (SMD = 0.99) and power (SMD = 0.88) compared with > 60-90 min (SMD = 0.40 and 0.29, respectively). However, for CRE, longer session durations (i.e., > 60-90 min) seem to be more effective (SMD = 0.61) than shorter ones (i.e., > 30-60 min) (SMD = 0.34). ET at moderate-to-near maximal intensities produced moderate (SMD = 0.64) and small positive effects (SMD = 0.49) on muscle strength and CRE, respectively, with no effects at low intensity ET (p > 0.05). Finally, intra-session ST before ET produced larger gains in muscle strength (SMD = 1.00) compared with separate sessions (SMD = 0.55), whereas ET and ST carried out separately induced larger improvements in CRE (SMD = 0.58) compared with intra-session ET before ST (SMD = 0.49). Conclusions CT is an effective method to improve measures of physical fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and CRE) in healthy middle-aged and older adults aged between 50 and 73 years, regardless of sex. Results of independent single training factor analysis indicated that the largest effects on muscle strength were observed after 12 weeks of training, > 30-60 min per session, three sessions per week, higher ET intensities and when ST preceded ET within the same session. For CRE, the largest effects were noted after 21 weeks of training, four sessions per week, > 60-90 min per session, higher ET intensities and when ET and ST sessions were performed separately. Regarding muscle power, the largest effects were observed after 12 weeks of training and > 30-60 min per session.}, language = {en} } @article{PalmaMunozRamirezCampilloAzocarGallardoetal.2021, author = {Palma-Mu{\~n}oz, Ignacio and Ram{\´i}rez-Campillo, Rodrigo and Azocar-Gallardo, Jairo and {\´A}lvarez, Cristian and Asadi, Abbas and Moran, Jason and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {Effects of progressed and nonprogressed volume-based overload plyometric training on components of physical fitness and body composition variables in youth male basketball players}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {6}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000002950}, pages = {1642 -- 1649}, year = {2021}, abstract = {This study examined the effect of 6 weeks of progressed and nonprogressed volume-based overload plyometric training (PT) on components of physical fitness and body composition measures in young male basketball players, compared with an active control group. Subjects were randomly assigned to a progressed PT (PPT, n = 7; age = 14.6 +/- 1.1 years), a non-PPT (NPPT, n = 8, age = 13.8 +/- 2.0 years), or a control group (CG, n = 7, age = 14.0 +/- 2.0 years). Before and after training, body composition measures (muscle mass and fat mass), countermovement jump with arms (CMJA) and countermovement jump without arms (CMJ), horizontal bilateral (HCMJ) and unilateral jump with right leg (RJ) and left leg (LJ), 20-cm drop jump (DJ20), sprint speed (10 m sprint), and change of direction speed (CODS [i.e., T-test]) were tested. Significant effects of time were observed for muscle and fat mass, all jump measures, and CODS (all p < 0.01; d = 0.37-0.83). Significant training group x time interactions were observed for all jump measures (all p < 0.05; d = 0.24-0.41). Post hoc analyses revealed significant pre-post performance improvements for the PPT (RJ and LJ: increment 18.6\%, d = 0.8 and increment 22.7\%, d = 0.9, respectively; HCMJ: increment 16.4\%, d = 0.8; CMJ: increment 22.4\%, d = 0.7; CMJA: increment 23.3\%, d = 0.7; and DJ20: increment 39.7\%, d = 1.1) and for the NPPT group (LJ: increment 14.1\%, d = 0.4; DJ20: increment 32.9\%, d = 0.8) with greater changes after PPT compared with NPPT for all jump measures (all p < 0.05; d = 0.21-0.81). The training efficiency was greater (p < 0.05; d = 0.22) after PPT (0.015\% per jump) compared with NPPT (0.0053\% per-jump). The PPT induced larger performance improvements on measures of physical fitness as compared to NPPT. Therefore, in-season progressive volume-based overload PT in young male basketball players is recommended.}, language = {en} } @article{BuschTrounsonBrowneetal.2022, author = {Busch, Aglaja and Trounson, Karl M. and Browne, Peter and Robertson, Sam}, title = {Effects of lower limb light-weight wearable resistance on running biomechanics}, series = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, volume = {130}, journal = {Journal of biomechanics : affiliated with the American Society of Biomechanics, the European Society of Biomechanics, the International Society of Biomechanics, the Japanese Society for Clinical Biomechanics and Related Research and the Australian and New Zealand Society of Biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {New York, NY [u.a.]}, issn = {0021-9290}, doi = {10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110903}, pages = {7}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Wearable resistance allows individualized loading for sport specific movements and can lead to specific strength adaptations benefiting the athlete. The objective was to determine biomechanical changes during running with lower limb light-weight wearable resistance. Fourteen participants (age: 28 +/- 4 years; height: 180 +/- 8 cm; body mass: 77 +/- 6 kg) wore shorts and calf sleeves of a compression suit allowing attachment of light loads. Participants completed four times two mins 20-m over-ground shuttle running bouts at 3.3 m*s(-1) alternated by three mins rest. The first running bout was unloaded and the other three bouts were under randomised loaded conditions (1\%, 3\% and 5\% additional loading of the individual body mass). 3D motion cameras and force plates recorded kinematic and kinetic data at the midpoint of each 20-m shuttle. Friedman-test for repeated measures and linear mixed effect model analysis were used to determine differences between the loading conditions (alpha = 0.05). Increased peak vertical ground reaction force (2.7 N/kg to 2.74 N/kg), ground contact time (0.20 s to 0.21 s) and decreased step length (1.49 m to 1.45 m) were found with additional 5 \% body mass loading compared to unloaded running (0.001 > p < 0.007). Marginally more knee flexion and hip extension and less plantarflexion was seen with higher loading. Differences in the assessed parameters were present between each loading condition but accompanied by subject variability. Further studies, also examining long term effects, should be conducted to further inform use of this training tool.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Antoniewicz2016, author = {Antoniewicz, Franziska}, title = {Automatic evaluations of exercising}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-92280}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2016}, abstract = {Changing the perspective sometimes offers completely new insights to an already well-known phenomenon. Exercising behavior, defined as planned, structured and repeated bodily movements with the intention to maintain or increase the physical fitness (Caspersen, Powell, \& Christenson, 1985), can be thought of as such a well-known phenomenon that has been in the scientific focus for many decades (Dishman \& O'Connor, 2005). Within these decades a perspective that assumes rational and controlled evaluations as the basis for decision making, was predominantly used to understand why some people engage in physical activity and others do not (Ekkekakis \& Zenko, 2015). Dual-process theories (Ekkekakis \& Zenko, 2015; Payne \& Gawronski, 2010) provide another perspective, that is not exclusively influenced by rational reasoning. These theories differentiate two different processes that guide behavior "depending on whether they operate automatically or in a controlled fashion" (Gawronski \& Creighton, 2012, p. 282). Following this line of thought, exercise behavior is not solely influenced by thoughtful deliberations (e.g. concluding that exercising is healthy) but also by spontaneous affective reactions (e.g. disliking being sweaty while exercising). The theoretical frameworks of dual-process models are not new in psychology (Chaiken \& Trope, 1999) and have already been used for the explanation of numerous behaviors (e.g. Hofmann, Friese, \& Wiers, 2008; Huijding, de Jong, Wiers, \& Verkooijen, 2005). However, they have only rarely been used for the explanation of exercise behavior (e.g. Bluemke, Brand, Schweizer, \& Kahlert, 2010; Conroy, Hyde, Doerksen, \& Ribeiro, 2010; Hyde, Doerksen, Ribeiro, \& Conroy, 2010). The assumption of two dissimilar behavior influencing processes, differs fundamentally from previous theories and thus from the research that has been conducted in the last decades in exercise psychology. Research mainly concentrated on predictors of the controlled processes and addressed the identified predictors in exercise interventions (Ekkekakis \& Zenko, 2015; Hagger, Chatzisarantis, \& Biddle, 2002). Predictors arising from the described automatic processes, for example automatic evaluations for exercising (AEE), have been neglected in exercise psychology for many years. Until now, only a few researchers investigated the influence of these AEE for exercising behavior (Bluemke et al., 2010; Brand \& Schweizer, 2015; Markland, Hall, Duncan, \& Simatovic, 2015). Marginally more researchers focused on the impact of AEE for physical activity behavior (Calitri, Lowe, Eves, \& Bennett, 2009; Conroy et al., 2010; Hyde et al., 2010; Hyde, Elavsky, Doerksen, \& Conroy, 2012). The extant studies mainly focused on the quality of AEE and the associated quantity of exercise (exercise much or little; Bluemke et al., 2010; Calitri et al., 2009; Conroy et al., 2010; Hyde et al., 2012). In sum, there is still a dramatic lack of empirical knowledge, when applying dual-process theories to exercising behavior, even though these theories have proven to be successful in explaining behavior in many other health-relevant domains like eating, drinking or smoking behavior (e.g. Hofmann et al., 2008). The main goal of the present dissertation was to collect empirical evidence for the influence of AEE on exercise behavior and to expand the so far exclusively correlational studies by experimentally controlled studies. By doing so, the ongoing debate on a paradigm shift from controlled and deliberative influences of exercise behavior towards approaches that consider automatic and affective influences (Ekkekakis \& Zenko, 2015) should be encouraged. All three conducted publications are embedded in dual-process theorizing (Gawronski \& Bodenhausen, 2006, 2014; Strack \& Deutsch, 2004). These theories offer a theoretical framework that could integrate the established controlled variables of exercise behavior explanation and additionally consider automatic factors for exercise behavior like AEE. Taken together, the empirical findings collected suggest that AEE play an important and diverse role for exercise behavior. They represent exercise setting preferences, are a cause for short-term exercise decisions and are decisive for long-term exercise adherence. Adding to the few already present studies in this field, the influence of (positive) AEE for exercise behavior was confirmed in all three presented publications. Even though the available set of studies needs to be extended in prospectively studies, first steps towards a more complete picture have been taken. Closing with the beginning of the synopsis: I think that time is right for a change of perspectives! This means a careful extension of the present theories with controlled evaluations explaining exercise behavior. Dual-process theories including controlled and automatic evaluations could provide such a basis for future research endeavors in exercise psychology.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Serag2013, author = {Serag, Rabe Al Sayed Al Sayed}, title = {Motivationale und Volitionale Aspekte im Leistungssport im interkulturellen Vergleich zwischen Deutschland und {\"A}gypten : eine explorative Analyse am Beispiel Ringen}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-64199}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2013}, abstract = {Kultur gibt den Menschen eine Orientierung. Sie machen darin ganz spezifische Erfahrungen. Hieraus entwickeln sich auch motivationale Orientierungen. Dadurch werden andere Erfahrungen gemacht, die Sportler k{\"o}nnen andere Motivation und Volition entwickeln. Dabei sind mehr kollektivistische Kulturen eher vermeidungs-motiviert und mehr individualistische Kulturen mehr erfolgsorientiert. Beim Kollektivismus erscheint die Leistungsmotivation eher unter einem sozialen Aspekt, n{\"a}mlich die Auseinandersetzung mit einem G{\"u}temaßstab, der eher von außen vorgegeben wird und weniger einem ausschließlich eigenen Maßstab. {\"A}gypten erweist sich im Vergleich zu Deutschland als eine eher kollektivistisch gepr{\"a}gte Kultur. Daraus ergeben sich folgende Unterschiede: Einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen deutschen und {\"a}gyptischen Ringern gibt es in der Wettkampforientierung und bei der Sieg- bzw. Gewinn-Orientierung. Die {\"a}gyptischen Ringer habe eine h{\"o}here Auspr{\"a}gung als die Deutschen. Sie weisen auch eine etwas h{\"o}here Zielorientierung auf als die Deutschen. Entgegen den Erwartungen zeigte sich, dass es keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den {\"a}gyptischen und deutschen Ringern gibt in der Variable: Sieg- bzw. Gewinn-Orientierung. Die Furcht vor Misserfolg sowie auch die Hoffnung auf Erfolg liegen h{\"o}her bei den {\"A}gyptern als bei den Deutschen. Bezogen auf die Modi der Handlungskontrolle verf{\"u}gen die Deutschen Ringer {\"u}ber eine h{\"o}her Auspr{\"a}gung auf allen drei Komponenten. Sie haben eine h{\"o}here Handlungsorientierung nach Misserfolg, eine h{\"o}here Handlungsplanung sowie eine h{\"o}here Handlungst{\"a}tigkeitsausf{\"u}hrung. Diese kulturell kontrastive Studie {\"u}ber die psychologischen Aspekte, im Bereich der Leistungsmotivation und der Handlungskontrolle, kann f{\"u}r die Sportart Ringen sehr n{\"u}tzlich werden, da sie sehr wichtig ist beim Erkennen der sportlichen {\"U}berlegenheits- und Schw{\"a}chemerkmale. Sie wiederspiegelt auch die Hochstimmung in den entwickelten Staaten oder die Misere in den anderen Staaten. Aus den interkulturellen Unterschieden in der Motivation und Volition k{\"o}nnen somit verschiedene Maßnahmen zu sportpsychologischen Interventionen entwickelt werden. Es sollte unbedingt darauf wert gelegt werden, dass die kulturell bedingten Unterschiede im Trainingsalltag beachtet werden, bei Teams, die aus Personen aus unterschiedlichen Kulturkreisen stammen.}, language = {de} } @phdthesis{Hoehne2011, author = {H{\"o}hne, Janet}, title = {Aktivit{\"a}ts- und Herzfrequenz-Monitoring zur Erfassung der Bewegungszeit und der Bewegungsintensit{\"a}t im schulischen und außerschulischen Kontext von Grundsch{\"u}lern im Land Brandenburg}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-57937}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, year = {2011}, abstract = {"Kinderwelt ist Bewegungswelt" (Schmidt, 1997, S. 156, zitiert nach Schmidt, Hartmann-Tews \& Brettschneider, 2003, S. 31). Das kindliche Bewegungsverhalten hat sich bereits im Grundschulalter ver{\"a}ndert, so dass sich Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}ten von Kindern erheblich unterscheiden und keineswegs mehr verallgemeinert werden k{\"o}nnen. Richtet man den Fokus auf die Frage „Wie bewegt sind unsere Kinder?" so scheint diese von den Medien bereits beantwortet zu sein, da dort von ansteigendem Bewegungsmangel der heutigen Kinder gegen{\"u}ber fr{\"u}heren Generationen berichtet wird. Wenn es in den Diskussionen um den Gesundheitszustand unserer Kinder geht, nimmt die k{\"o}rperlich-sportliche Aktivit{\"a}t eine entscheidende Rolle ein. Bewegungsmangel ist hierbei ein zentraler Begriff der in der {\"O}ffentlichkeit diskutiert wird. Bei der Betrachtung der einzelnen Studien f{\"a}llt auf, dass deutliche Defizite in der Messung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t bestehen. Zentraler Kritikpunkt in den meisten Studien ist die subjektive Erfassung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t. Ein Großteil bisheriger Untersuchungen zum Bewegungsverhalten basiert auf Beobachtungen, Befragungen oder Bewegungstageb{\"u}chern. Diese liefern ausschließlich zum Teil subjektive Einsch{\"a}tzungen der Kinder oder Eltern {\"u}ber die tats{\"a}chliche Bewegungszeit und -intensit{\"a}t. Das objektive Erfassen der Aktivit{\"a}t bzw. Inaktivit{\"a}t ist zwar seit einigen Jahren zentraler Gegenstand vieler Studien, dennoch gilt es, dieses noch sachkundiger zu l{\"o}sen, um subjektive und objektive Daten zu vergleichen. Um dem Bewegungsmangel der heutigen Kinder entgegenzuwirken, sind empirisch abgesicherte Erkenntnisse {\"u}ber die Bedingungsfaktoren und die Folgen des ver{\"a}nderten Bewegungsverhaltens dringend n{\"o}tig. Die Quer- und L{\"a}ngsschnittuntersuchung umfasst die Bereiche Anthropometrie, die Erfassung der k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t und die Herzfrequenzmessung {\"u}ber 24h. F{\"u}r die Studie konnten 106 Jungen und M{\"a}dchen im Zeitraum von Januar 2007 bis April 2009 rekrutiert und {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden. Die physiologischen Parameter wurden mit Hilfe des ACTIHEART-Messsytems aufgezeichnet und berechnet. Die Ergebnisse zur k{\"o}rperlich-sportlichen Aktivit{\"a}t wurden in die Untersuchungsabschnitte Schulzeit gesamt, Pause, Sportunterricht, Nachmittag und 24h unterteilt. Durch das Messsystem werden die Bewegungsaktivit{\"a}t und die Herzfrequenz synchron aufgezeichnet. Das System nimmt die Beschleunigungswerte des K{\"o}rpers auf und speichert sie im frei w{\"a}hlbaren Zeitintervall, Short oder Long Term, in Form von „activity counts" ab. Das Messsytem berechnet weiterhin die Intensit{\"a}t k{\"o}rperlicher Aktivit{\"a}t.}, language = {de} } @article{ElAshkerChaabeneNegraetal.2018, author = {El-Ashker, Said and Chaabene, Helmi and Negra, Yassine and Prieske, Olaf and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Cardio-Respiratory Endurance Responses Following a Simulated 3 x 3 Minutes Amateur Boxing Contest in Elite Level Boxers}, series = {Sports}, volume = {6}, journal = {Sports}, number = {4}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4663}, doi = {10.3390/sports6040119}, pages = {8}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This study aimed at examining physiological responses (i.e., oxygen uptake [VO2] and heart rate [HR]) to a semi-contact 3 x 3-min format, amateur boxing combat simulation in elite level male boxers. Eleven boxers aged 21.4 +/- 2.1 years (body height 173.4 +/- 3.7, body mass 74.9 +/- 8.6 kg, body fat 12.1 +/- 1.9, training experience 5.7 +/- 1.3 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They performed a maximal graded aerobic test on a motor-driven treadmill to determine maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake (VO2AT) and heart rate (HRAT) at the anaerobic threshold, and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Additionally, VO2 and peak HR (HRpeak) were recorded following each boxing round. Results showed no significant differences between VO2max values derived from the treadmill running test and VO2 outcomes of the simulated boxing contest (p > 0.05, d = 0.02 to 0.39). However, HRmax and HRpeak recorded from the treadmill running test and the simulated amateur boxing contest, respectively, displayed significant differences regardless of the boxing round (p < 0.01, d = 1.60 to 3.00). In terms of VO2 outcomes during the simulated contest, no significant between-round differences were observed (p = 0.19, d = 0.17 to 0.73). Irrespective of the boxing round, the recorded VO2 was >90\% of the VO2max. Likewise, HRpeak observed across the three boxing rounds were >= 90\% of the HRmax. In summary, the simulated 3 x 3-min amateur boxing contest is highly demanding from a physiological standpoint. Thus, coaches are advised to systematically monitor internal training load for instance through rating of perceived exertion to optimize training-related adaptations and to prevent boxers from overreaching and/or overtraining.}, language = {en} } @article{NegraChaabeneFernandezFernandezetal.2020, author = {Negra, Yassine and Chaabene, Helmi and Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime and Sammoud, Senda and Bouguezzi, Raja and Prieske, Olaf and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Short-term plyometric Jump training improves repeated-sprint ability in prepuberal male soccer players}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {34}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {11}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000002703}, pages = {3241 -- 3249}, year = {2020}, abstract = {This study examined the effects of a short-term (i.e., 8 weeks) combined horizontal and vertical plyometric jump training (PJT) program in combination with regular soccer-specific training as compared with soccer-specific training only on jump and change of direction (CoD) performances, speed, and repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in prepuberal male soccer players. Twenty-four players were recruited and randomly assigned to either a PJT group (PJT(G); n = 13; 12.7 +/- 0.2 years) or an active control group (CONG; n = 11; 12.7 +/- 0.2 years). The outcome measures included tests for the assessment of jump performance (drop jump from 20- to 40-cm height [DJ20 and DJ40] and 3-hop test [THT]), speed (20-m sprint), CoD (T-test), and RSA (20-m repeated shuttle sprint). Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inferences. Within-group analyses revealed large performance improvements in the T-test (d = -1.2), DJ20 (d = 3.7), DJ40 (d = 3.6), THT (d = 0.6), and the RSA(total) (d = -1.6) in the PJT(G). Between-group analyses showed greater performance improvements in the T-test (d = -2.9), 20-m sprint time (d = -2.0), DJ20 (d = 2.4), DJ40 (d = 2.0), THT (d = 1.9), RSA(best) (d = -1.9), and the RSA(total) (d = -1.9) in the PJT(G) compared with CONG. Eight weeks of an in-season PJT in addition to regular soccer-specific training induced larger increases in measures of physical fitness in prepuberal male soccer players compared with regular soccer-specific training only. More specifically, PJT was effective in improving RSA performance.}, language = {en} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroPiranHamlabadiSajedietal.2022, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Piran Hamlabadi, Milad and Sajedi, Heidar and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Recreational runners who recovered from COVID-19 show different running kinetics and muscle activities compared with healthy controls}, series = {Gait \& posture : official journal of Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society, European Society of Movement Analysis in Adults and Children, Societ{\`a} Italiana di Analisi del Movimento in Clinica, International Society for Posture and Gait Research}, volume = {91}, journal = {Gait \& posture : official journal of Gait and Clinical Movement Analysis Society, European Society of Movement Analysis in Adults and Children, Societ{\`a} Italiana di Analisi del Movimento in Clinica, International Society for Posture and Gait Research}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0966-6362}, doi = {10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.11.002}, pages = {260 -- 265}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Background: Social isolation through quarantine represents an effective means to prevent COVID-19 infection. A negative side-effect of quarantine is low physical activity. Research question: What are the differences of running kinetics and muscle activities of recreational runners with a history of COVID-19 versus healthy controls? Methods: Forty men and women aged 20-30 years participated in this study and were divided into two experimental groups. Group 1 (age: 24.1 +/- 2.9) consisted of participants with a history of COVID-19 (COVID group) and group 2 (age: 24.2 +/- 2.7) of healthy age and sex-matched controls (controls). Both groups were tested for their running kinetics using a force plate and electromyographic activities (i.e., tibialis anterior [TA], gastrocnemius medialis [Gas-M], biceps femoris [BF], semitendinosus [ST], vastus lateralis [VL], vastus medialis [VM], rectus femoris [RF], gluteus medius [Glut-M]). Results: Results demonstrated higher peak vertical (p = 0.029; d=0.788) and medial (p = 0.004; d=1.119) ground reaction forces (GRFs) during push-off in COVID individuals compared with controls. Moreover, higher peak lateral GRFs were found during heel contact (p = 0.001; d=1.536) in the COVID group. COVID-19 individuals showed a shorter time-to-reach the peak vertical (p = 0.001; d=3.779) and posterior GRFs (p = 0.005; d=1.099) during heel contact. Moreover, the COVID group showed higher Gas-M (p = 0.007; d=1.109) and lower VM activity (p = 0.026; d=0.811) at heel contact. Significance: Different running kinetics and muscle activities were found in COVID-19 individuals versus healthy controls. Therefore, practitioners and therapists are advised to implement balance and/or strength training to improve lower limbs alignment and mediolateral control during dynamic movements in runners who recovered from COVID-19.}, language = {en} } @article{SammoudNegraBouguezzietal.2021, author = {Sammoud, Senda and Negra, Yassine and Bouguezzi, Raja and Hachana, Younes and Granacher, Urs and Chaabene, Helmi}, title = {The effects of plyometric jump training on jump and sport-specific performances in prepubertal female swimmers}, series = {Journal of exercise science and fitness : JESF : official journal of The Society of Chinese Scholars on Exercise Physiology and Fitness and Hong Kong Association of Sports Medicine \& Sports Science}, volume = {19}, journal = {Journal of exercise science and fitness : JESF : official journal of The Society of Chinese Scholars on Exercise Physiology and Fitness and Hong Kong Association of Sports Medicine \& Sports Science}, number = {1}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Singapore}, issn = {1728-869x}, doi = {10.1016/j.jesf.2020.07.003}, pages = {25 -- 31}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background/objective Dry land-training (e.g., plyometric jump training) can be a useful mean to improve swimming performance. This study examined the effects of an 8-week plyometric jump training (PJT) program on jump and sport-specific performances in prepubertal female swimmers. Methods Twenty-two girls were randomly assigned to either a plyometric jump training group (PJTG; n = 12, age: 10.01 ± 0.57 years, maturity-offset = -1.50 ± 0.50, body mass = 36.39 ± 6.32 kg, body height = 146.90 ± 7.62 cm, body mass index = 16.50 ± 1.73 kg/m2) or an active control (CG; n = 10, age: 10.50 ± 0.28 years, maturity-offset = -1.34 ± 0.51, body mass = 38.41 ± 9.42 kg, body height = 143.60 ± 5.05 cm, body mass index = 18.48 ± 3.77 kg/m2). Pre- and post-training, tests were conducted for the assessment of muscle power (e.g., countermovement-jump [CMJ], standing-long-jump [SLJ]). Sport-specific-performances were tested using the timed 25 and 50-m front crawl with a diving-start, timed 25-m front crawl without push-off from the wall (25-m WP), and a timed 25-m kick without push-off from the wall (25-m KWP). Results Findings showed a significant main effect of time for the CMJ (d = 0.78), the SLJ (d = 0.91), 25-m front crawl test (d = 2.5), and the 25-m-KWP (d = 1.38) test. Significant group × time interactions were found for CMJ, SLJ, 25-m front crawl, 50-m front crawl, 25-m KWP, and 25-m WP test (d = 0.29-1.63) in favor of PJTG (d = 1.34-3.50). No significant pre-post changes were found for CG (p > 0.05). Conclusion In sum, PJT is effective in improving muscle power and sport-specific performances in prepubertal swimmers. Therefore, PJT should be included from an early start into the regular training program of swimmers.}, language = {en} } @article{HammamiChaabeneKharratetal.2021, author = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kharrat, Fatma and Werfelli, Hanen and Duncan, Michael and Rebai, Haithem and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players}, series = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation}, volume = {13}, journal = {BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation}, publisher = {BioMed Central}, address = {London}, issn = {1758-2555}, doi = {10.1186/s13102-021-00249-5}, pages = {8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. Objective To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. Methods Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. Results Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.}, language = {en} } @article{BrahmsHortobagyiKressigetal.2021, author = {Brahms, Clemens Markus and Hortob{\´a}gyi, Tibor and Kressig, Reto W. and Granacher, Urs}, title = {The Interaction between mobility status and exercise specificity in older adults}, series = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews}, volume = {49}, journal = {Exercise and sport sciences reviews}, number = {1}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Hagerstown, Md.}, issn = {0091-6331}, doi = {10.1249/JES.0000000000000237}, pages = {15 -- 22}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Many adults older than 60 yr experience mobility limitations. Although physical exercise improves older adults' mobility, differences in baseline mobility produce large variations in individual responses to interventions, and these responses could further vary by the type and dose of exercise. Here, we propose an exercise prescription model for older adults based on their current mobility status.}, language = {en} } @article{HelmPrieskeMuehlbaueretal.2018, author = {Helm, Norman and Prieske, Olaf and M{\"u}hlbauer, Thomas and Kr{\"u}ger, Tom and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of judo-specific resistance training on kinetic and electromyographic parameters of pulling exercises in judo athletes}, series = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, volume = {32}, journal = {Sportverletzung, Sportschaden : Grundlagen, Pr{\"a}vention, Rehabilitation}, number = {2}, publisher = {Thieme}, address = {Stuttgart}, issn = {0932-0555}, doi = {10.1055/s-0043-122781}, pages = {134 -- 142}, year = {2018}, abstract = {Background In judo, rapid force production during pulling movements is an important component of athletic performance, which is why this capacity needs to be specifically exercised in judo. This study aimed at examining the effects of a judo-specific resistance training program using a judo ergometer system (PTJ) versus a traditional resistance training regime using a partner (PTP) on kinetics and muscle activity of judo-specific pulling exercises. Method Twenty-four male judo athletes (age: 22 +/- 4 years, training experience: 15 +/- 3 years) were randomly assigned to two groups. In a crossover design, the first group completed a 4-week PTJ followed by four weeks of PTP (each with three sessions per week). The second group conducted PTP prior to PTJ. PTJ and PTP were completed in addition to regular training. Before, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after training, tests were conducted to assess judo-specific pulling kinetics (i.e. maximal force, rate of force development [RFD], mechanical work) and electromyographic (EMG) shoulder/trunk muscle activity (i.e. biceps brachii muscle, deltoid muscle, trapezius muscle, erector spinae muscle) during pulling movements using a judo ergometer as well as unspecific strength tests (i.e. bench-pull, pull-ups). Results The statistical analysis revealed that in both groups ergometer pulling kinetics (p<.05, 0.83 <= d <= 1.77) and EMG activity (p<.05; 1.07 <= d <= 2.25) were significantly enhanced following 8 weeks of training. In addition, significantly larger gains in RFD, mechanical work, and EMG activity (i.e. deltoid muscle, erector spinae muscle, trapezius muscle) were found following PTJ compared to PTP (p<.05, 1.25 <= d <= 2.79). No significant enhancements were observed with the unspecific strength tests. Conclusion Our findings indicate that PTJ is superior to PTP regarding training-induced improvements in force production and muscle activity during judo-specific pulling exercises. Performance enhancements may partly be attributed to neural adaptations. No transfer effects on unspecific strength tests were detected following PTJ and PTP.}, language = {de} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroGhorbanlooFatollahietal.2021, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, AmirAli and Ghorbanloo, Farshad and Fatollahi, Amir and Dionisio, Valdeci Carlos and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of an elastic resistance band exercise program on kinetics and muscle activities during walking in young adults with genu valgus}, series = {Clinical biomechanics : a journal affiliated to the International Society of Biomechanics and the American Society of Biomechanics}, volume = {81}, journal = {Clinical biomechanics : a journal affiliated to the International Society of Biomechanics and the American Society of Biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier Science}, address = {Amsterdam [u.a.]}, issn = {0268-0033}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.105215}, pages = {10}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: This double-blinded randomized-controlled-trial aimed to identify the effects of an elastic band resistance training on walking kinetics and muscle activities in young adults with genu valgus. Methods: Forty-two male young adults aged 22.5(2.7) years with genu valgus were randomly allocated to two experimental groups. The intervention group (n = 21) conducted a 14-weeks elastic band resistance training. The control group was passive during the intervention period and received the same treatment after the post-tests. Pre and post training, ground reaction forces and lower limb muscle activities were recorded during walking. Findings: Results revealed significant group-by-time interactions for peak medial ground reaction force and timeto-peak for posterior ground reaction force in favor of the intervention group (p < 0.012; d = 0.83-3.76). Resistance training with elastic bands resulted in significantly larger peak medial ground reaction force (p < 0.001; d = 1.45) and longer time-to-peak for posterior ground reaction force (p < 0.001; d = 1.85). Finding showed significant group-by-time interactions for peak positive free moment amplitudes in favor of the intervention group (p < 0.001; d = 1.18-2.02). Resistance training resulted in a lower peak positive free moment amplitude (p = 0.001; d = 1.46). With regards to muscle activities, the analysis revealed significant group-by time interactions for rectus femoris and gluteus medius activities during the push-off phase in favor of the intervention group (p < 0.038; d = 0.68-0.89). Resistance training induced higher rectus femoris (p = 0.038; d = 0.84) and gluteus medius (p = 0.007; d = 0.54) activities. Interpretation: This study proved the effectiveness of resistance training using elastic bands on kinetics and muscle activities during walking in male adults with genu valgus disorder. Given that this training regime is low cost, effective, and easy-to-administer, we suggest that it should be implemented as a rehabilitative or preventive means for young adults with genu valgus.}, language = {en} } @article{WickKriemlerGranacher2021, author = {Wick, Kristin and Kriemler, Susi and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of a strength-dominated exercise program on physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {4}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000003942}, pages = {983 -- 990}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Wick, K, Kriemler, S, and Granacher, U. Effects of a strength-dominated exercise program on physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 983-990, 2021-Childhood is characterized by high neuroplasticity that affords qualitative rather than quantitative components of physical activity to maximize the potential to sufficiently develop motor skills and foster long-term engagement in regular physical activity. This study examined the effects of an integrative strength-dominated exercise program on measures of physical fitness and cognitive performance in preschool children. Children aged 4-6 years from 3 kindergartens were randomized into an intervention (INT) group (n = 32) or a control group (n = 22). The 10-week intervention period was conducted 3 times per week (each session lasted 30 minutes) and included exercises for the promotion of muscle strength and power, coordination, and balance. Pre and post training, tests were conducted for the assessment of muscle strength (i.e., handgrip strength), muscle power (i.e., standing long jump), balance (i.e., timed single-leg stand), coordination (hopping on right/left leg), and attentional span (i.e., "Konzentrations-Handlungsverfahren fur Vorschulkinder" [concentration-action procedure for preschoolers]). Results from 2 x 2 repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed a significant (p <= 0.05) and near significant (p = 0.051) group x time interaction for the standing long jump test and the Konzentrations-Handlungsverfahren. Post hoc tests showed significant pre-post changes for the INT (p < 0.001; d = 1.53) but not the CON (p = 0.72; d = 0.83). Our results indicate that a 10-week strength-dominated exercise program increased jump performance with a concomitant trend toward improvements in attentional capacity of preschool children. Thus, we recommend implementing this type of exercise program for preschoolers.}, language = {en} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroFatollahiGranacher2022, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Fatollahi, Amir and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Eight weeks of exercising on sand has positive effects on biomechanics of walking and muscle activities in individuals with pronated feet}, series = {Sports : open access journal}, volume = {10}, journal = {Sports : open access journal}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4663}, doi = {10.3390/sports10050070}, pages = {16}, year = {2022}, abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of barefoot running exercise on sand versus control on measures of walking kinetics and muscle activities in individuals with diagnosed pronated feet. Sixty physically active male adults with pronated feet were randomly allocated into an intervention or a waiting control group. The intervention group conducted an 8-weeks progressive barefoot running exercise program on sand (e.g., short sprints) with three weekly sessions. Pre and post intervention, participants walked at a constant speed of 1.3 m/s +/- 5\% on a 18 m walkway with a force plate embedded in the middle of the walkway. Results showed significant group-by-time interactions for peak impact vertical and lateral ground reaction forces. Training but not control resulted in significantly lower peak impact vertical and lateral ground reaction forces. Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for vastus lateralis activity during the loading phase. Training-induced increases were found for the vastus lateralis in the intervention but not in the control group. This study revealed that the applied exercise program is a suitable means to absorb ground reaction forces (e.g., lower impact vertical and lateral peaks) and increase activities of selected lower limb muscles (e.g., vastus lateralis) when walking on stable ground.}, language = {en} } @article{SaalChaabeneHelmetal.2022, author = {Saal, Christian and Chaabene, Helmi and Helm, Norman and Warnke, Torsten and Prieske, Olaf}, title = {Network analysis of associations between anthropometry, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance in young canoe sprint athletes}, series = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, volume = {4}, journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2624-9367}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2022.1038350}, pages = {13}, year = {2022}, abstract = {Introduction Anthropometric and physical fitness data can predict sport-specific performance (e.g., canoe sprint race time) in young athletes. Of note, inter-item correlations (i.e., multicollinearity) may exist between tests assessing similar physical qualities. However, multicollinearity among tests may change across age and/or sex due to age-/sex-specific non-linear development of test performances. Therefore, the present study aimed at analyzing inter-item correlations between anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data as a function of age and sex in young canoe sprint athletes. Methods Anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance data of 618 male and 297 female young canoe sprint athletes (discipline: male/female kayak, male canoe) were recorded during a national talent identification program between 1992 and 2019. For each discipline, a correlation matrix (i.e., network analysis) was calculated for age category (U13, U14, U15, U16) and sex including anthropometrics (e.g., standing body height, body mass), physical fitness (e.g., cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle power), and sport-specific performance (i.e., 250 and 2,000-m on-water canoe sprint time). Network plots were used to explore the correlation patterns by visual inspection. Further, trimmed means (mu(trimmed)) of inter-item Pearson's correlations coefficients were calculated for each discipline, age category, and sex. Effects of age and sex were analyzed using one-way ANOVAs. Results Visual inspection revealed consistent associations among anthropometric measures across age categories, irrespective of sex. Further, associations between physical fitness and sport-specific performance were lower with increasing age, particularly in males. In this sense, statistically significant differences for mu(trimmed) were observed in male canoeists (p < 0.01, xi = 0.36) and male kayakers (p < 0.01, xi = 0.38) with lower mu(trimmed) in older compared with younger athletes (i.e., >= U15). For female kayakers, no statistically significant effect of age on mu(trimmed) was observed (p = 0.34, xi = 0.14). Discussion Our study revealed that inter-item correlation patterns (i.e., multicollinearity) of anthropometric, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance measures were lower in older (U15, U16) versus younger (U13, U14) male canoe sprint athletes but not in females. Thus, age and sex should be considered to identify predictors for sport-specific performance and design effective testing batteries for talent identification programs in canoe sprint athletes.}, language = {en} } @misc{ElAshkerChaabeneNegraetal.2018, author = {El-Ashker, Said and Chaabene, Helmi and Negra, Yassine and Prieske, Olaf and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Cardio-Respiratory endurance responses following a simulated 3 x 3 minutes amateur boxing contest in elite level boxers}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {675}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47233}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472338}, pages = {10}, year = {2018}, abstract = {This study aimed at examining physiological responses (i.e., oxygen uptake [VO2] and heart rate [HR]) to a semi-contact 3 x 3-min format, amateur boxing combat simulation in elite level male boxers. Eleven boxers aged 21.4 +/- 2.1 years (body height 173.4 +/- 3.7, body mass 74.9 +/- 8.6 kg, body fat 12.1 +/- 1.9, training experience 5.7 +/- 1.3 years) volunteered to participate in this study. They performed a maximal graded aerobic test on a motor-driven treadmill to determine maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), oxygen uptake (VO2AT) and heart rate (HRAT) at the anaerobic threshold, and maximal heart rate (HRmax). Additionally, VO2 and peak HR (HRpeak) were recorded following each boxing round. Results showed no significant differences between VO2max values derived from the treadmill running test and VO2 outcomes of the simulated boxing contest (p > 0.05, d = 0.02 to 0.39). However, HRmax and HRpeak recorded from the treadmill running test and the simulated amateur boxing contest, respectively, displayed significant differences regardless of the boxing round (p < 0.01, d = 1.60 to 3.00). In terms of VO2 outcomes during the simulated contest, no significant between-round differences were observed (p = 0.19, d = 0.17 to 0.73). Irrespective of the boxing round, the recorded VO2 was >90\% of the VO2max. Likewise, HRpeak observed across the three boxing rounds were >= 90\% of the HRmax. In summary, the simulated 3 x 3-min amateur boxing contest is highly demanding from a physiological standpoint. Thus, coaches are advised to systematically monitor internal training load for instance through rating of perceived exertion to optimize training-related adaptations and to prevent boxers from overreaching and/or overtraining.}, language = {en} } @article{ThielePrieskeChaabeneetal.2020, author = {Thiele, Dirk and Prieske, Olaf and Chaabene, Helmi and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of strength training on physical fitness and sport-specific performance in recreational, sub-elite, and elite rowers}, series = {Journal of sports sciences}, volume = {38}, journal = {Journal of sports sciences}, number = {10}, publisher = {Routledge, Taylor \& Francis Group}, address = {Abingdon}, issn = {0264-0414}, doi = {10.1080/02640414.2020.1745502}, pages = {1186 -- 1195}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to examine the effects of strength training (ST) on selected components of physical fitness (e.g., lower/upper limb maximal strength, muscular endurance, jump performance, cardiorespiratory endurance) and sport-specific performance in rowers. Only studies with an active control group were included if they examined the effects of ST on at least one proxy of physical fitness and/or sport-specific performance in rowers. Weighted and averaged standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were computed to identify effects of ST type or expertise level on sport-specific performance. Our analyses revealed significant small effects of ST on lower limb maximal strength (SMD = 0.42, p = 0.05) and on sport-specific performance (SMD = 0.32, p = 0.05). Non-significant effects were found for upper limb maximal strength, upper/lower limb muscular endurance, jump performance, and cardiorespiratory endurance. Subgroup analyses for ST type and expertise level showed non-significant differences between the respective subgroups of rowers (p >= 0.32). Our systematic review with meta-analysis indicated that ST is an effective means for improving lower limb maximal strength and sport-specific performance in rowers. However, ST-induced effects are neither modulated by ST type nor rowers' expertise level.}, language = {en} } @misc{ChaabenePrieskeLesinskietal.2019, author = {Chaabene, Helmi and Prieske, Olaf and Lesinski, Melanie and Sandau, Ingo and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Short-term seasonal development of anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance in young olympic weightlifters}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {685}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47260}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-472609}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The aim of this study is to monitor short-term seasonal development of young Olympic weightlifters' anthropometry, body composition, physical fitness, and sport-specific performance. Fifteen male weightlifters aged 13.2 ± 1.3 years participated in this study. Tests for the assessment of anthropometry (e.g., body-height, body-mass), body-composition (e.g., lean-body-mass, relative fat-mass), muscle strength (grip-strength), jump performance (drop-jump (DJ) height, countermovement-jump (CMJ) height, DJ contact time, DJ reactive-strength-index (RSI)), dynamic balance (Y-balance-test), and sport-specific performance (i.e., snatch and clean-and-jerk) were conducted at different time-points (i.e., T1 (baseline), T2 (9 weeks), T3 (20 weeks)). Strength tests (i.e., grip strength, clean-and-jerk and snatch) and training volume were normalized to body mass. Results showed small-to-large increases in body-height, body-mass, lean-body-mass, and lower-limbs lean-mass from T1-to-T2 and T2-to-T3 (∆0.7-6.7\%; 0.1 ≤ d ≤ 1.2). For fat-mass, a significant small-sized decrease was found from T1-to-T2 (∆13.1\%; d = 0.4) and a significant increase from T2-to-T3 (∆9.1\%; d = 0.3). A significant main effect of time was observed for DJ contact time (d = 1.3) with a trend toward a significant decrease from T1-to-T2 (∆-15.3\%; d = 0.66; p = 0.06). For RSI, significant small increases from T1-to-T2 (∆9.9\%, d = 0.5) were noted. Additionally, a significant main effect of time was found for snatch (d = 2.7) and clean-and-jerk (d = 3.1) with significant small-to-moderate increases for both tests from T1-to-T2 and T2-to-T3 (∆4.6-11.3\%, d = 0.33 to 0.64). The other tests did not change significantly over time (0.1 ≤ d ≤ 0.8). Results showed significantly higher training volume for sport-specific training during the second period compared with the first period (d = 2.2). Five months of Olympic weightlifting contributed to significant changes in anthropometry, body-composition, and sport-specific performance. However, hardly any significant gains were observed for measures of physical fitness. Coaches are advised to design training programs that target a variety of fitness components to lay an appropriate foundation for later performance as an elite athlete.}, language = {en} } @misc{JebabliGranacherSelmietal.2020, author = {Jebabli, Nidhal and Granacher, Urs and Selmi, Mohamed Amin and Al-Haddabi, Badriya and Behm, David George and Chaouachi, Anis and Haj Sassi, Radhouane}, title = {Listening to preferred music improved running performance without changing the pacing pattern during a 6 minute run test with young male adults}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {696}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47188}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471884}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Several studies have investigated the effects of music on both submaximal and maximal exercise performance at a constant work-rate. However, there is a lack of research that has examined the effects of music on the pacing strategy during self-paced exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of preferred music on performance and pacing during a 6 min run test (6-MSPRT) in young male adults. Twenty healthy male participants volunteered for this study. They performed two randomly assigned trials (with or without music) of a 6-MSPRT three days apart. Mean running speed, the adopted pacing strategy, total distance covered (TDC), peak and mean heart rate (HRpeak, HRmean), blood lactate (3 min after the test), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured. Listening to preferred music during the 6-MSPRT resulted in significant TDC improvement (?10\%; p = 0.016; effect size (ES) = 0.80). A significantly faster mean running speed was observed when listening to music compared with no music. The improvement of TDC in the present study is explained by a significant overall increase in speed (main effect for conditions) during the music trial. Music failed to modify pacing patterns as suggested by the similar reversed "J-shaped" profile during the two conditions. Blood-lactate concentrations were significantly reduced by 9\% (p = 0.006, ES = 1.09) after the 6-MSPRT with music compared to those in the control condition. No statistically significant differences were found between the test conditions for HRpeak, HRmean, and RPE. Therefore, listening to preferred music can have positive effects on exercise performance during the 6-MSPRT, such as greater TDC, faster running speeds, and reduced blood lactate levels but has no effect on the pacing strategy.}, language = {en} } @misc{SandauGranacher2020, author = {Sandau, Ingo and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of the barbell load on the acceleration phase during the snatch in Olympic weightlifting}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {681}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-47159}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-471599}, pages = {12}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The load-depended loss of vertical barbell velocity at the end of the acceleration phase limits the maximum weight that can be lifted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze how increased barbell loads affect the vertical barbell velocity in the sub-phases of the acceleration phase during the snatch. It was hypothesized that the load-dependent velocity loss at the end of the acceleration phase is primarily associated with a velocity loss during the 1st pull. For this purpose, 14 male elite weightlifters lifted seven load-stages from 70-100\% of their personal best in the snatch. The load-velocity relationship was calculated using linear regression analysis to determine the velocity loss at 1st pull, transition, and 2nd pull. A group mean data contrast analysis revealed the highest load-dependent velocity loss for the 1st pull (t = 1.85, p = 0.044, g = 0.49 [-0.05, 1.04]) which confirmed our study hypothesis. In contrast to the group mean data, the individual athlete showed a unique response to increased loads during the acceleration sub-phases of the snatch. With the proposed method, individualized training recommendations on exercise selection and loading schemes can be derived to specifically improve the sub-phases of the snatch acceleration phase. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of single-subject assessment when working with elite athletes in Olympic weightlifting.}, language = {en} } @article{SandauGranacher2020, author = {Sandau, Ingo and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Effects of the barbell load on the acceleration phase during the snatch in elite Olympic weightlifting}, series = {Sports}, volume = {8}, journal = {Sports}, number = {5}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2075-4663}, doi = {10.3390/sports8050059}, pages = {10}, year = {2020}, abstract = {The load-depended loss of vertical barbell velocity at the end of the acceleration phase limits the maximum weight that can be lifted. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze how increased barbell loads affect the vertical barbell velocity in the sub-phases of the acceleration phase during the snatch. It was hypothesized that the load-dependent velocity loss at the end of the acceleration phase is primarily associated with a velocity loss during the 1st pull. For this purpose, 14 male elite weightlifters lifted seven load-stages from 70-100\% of their personal best in the snatch. The load-velocity relationship was calculated using linear regression analysis to determine the velocity loss at 1st pull, transition, and 2nd pull. A group mean data contrast analysis revealed the highest load-dependent velocity loss for the 1st pull (t = 1.85, p = 0.044, g = 0.49 [-0.05, 1.04]) which confirmed our study hypothesis. In contrast to the group mean data, the individual athlete showed a unique response to increased loads during the acceleration sub-phases of the snatch. With the proposed method, individualized training recommendations on exercise selection and loading schemes can be derived to specifically improve the sub-phases of the snatch acceleration phase. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of single-subject assessment when working with elite athletes in Olympic weightlifting.}, language = {en} } @misc{HammamiChaabeneKharratetal., author = {Hammami, Raouf and Chaabene, Helmi and Kharrat, Fatma and Werfelli, Hanen and Duncan, Michael and Rebai, Haithem and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Acute effects of different balance exercise types on selected measures of physical fitness in youth female volleyball players}, series = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, journal = {Postprints der Universit{\"a}t Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe}, number = {713}, issn = {1866-8364}, doi = {10.25932/publishup-51747}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus4-517477}, pages = {10}, abstract = {Background Earlier studies have shown that balance training (BT) has the potential to induce performance enhancements in selected components of physical fitness (i.e., balance, muscle strength, power, speed). While there is ample evidence on the long-term effects of BT on components of physical fitness in youth, less is known on the short-term or acute effects of single BT sessions on selected measures of physical fitness. Objective To examine the acute effects of different balance exercise types on balance, change-of-direction (CoD) speed, and jump performance in youth female volleyball players. Methods Eleven female players aged 14 years participated in this study. Three types of balance exercises (i.e., anterior, posterolateral, rotational type) were conducted in randomized order. For each exercise, 3 sets including 5 repetitions were performed. Before and after the performance of the balance exercises, participants were tested for their static balance (center of pressure surface area [CoP SA] and velocity [CoP V]) on foam and firm surfaces, CoD speed (T-Half test), and vertical jump height (countermovement jump [CMJ] height). A 3 (condition: anterior, mediolateral, rotational balance exercise type) × 2 (time: pre, post) analysis of variance was computed with repeated measures on time. Results Findings showed no significant condition × time interactions for all outcome measures (p > 0.05). However, there were small main effects of time for CoP SA on firm and foam surfaces (both d = 0.38; all p < 0.05) with no effect for CoP V on both surface conditions (p > 0.05). For CoD speed, findings showed a large main effect of time (d = 0.91; p < 0.001). However, for CMJ height, no main effect of time was observed (p > 0.05). Conclusions Overall, our results indicated small-to-large changes in balance and CoD speed performances but not in CMJ height in youth female volleyball players, regardless of the balance exercise type. Accordingly, it is recommended to regularly integrate balance exercises before the performance of sport-specific training to optimize performance development in youth female volleyball players.}, language = {en} } @article{HortobagyiDeakFarkasetal.2021, author = {Hortobagyi, Tibor and Deak, Dorina and Farkas, Dora and Blenyesi, Eszter and Torok, Katalin and Granacher, Urs and Tollar, Jozsef}, title = {Effects of exercise dose and detraining duration on mobility at late midlife}, series = {Gerontology}, volume = {67}, journal = {Gerontology}, number = {4}, publisher = {Karger}, address = {Basel}, issn = {0304-324X}, doi = {10.1159/000513505}, pages = {403 -- 414}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Background: Office workers near retirement tend to be sedentary and can be prone to mobility limitations and diseases. We examined the dose effects of exergaming volume and duration of detraining on motor and cognitive function in office workers at late midlife to reduce sedentariness and mobility limitations. Methods: In an assessor-blinded randomized trial, 160 workers aged 55-65 years performed physically active video games in a nonimmersive form of virtual reality (exergaming) in small, supervised groups for 1 h, 1x, 2x, or 3x/week for 8 weeks followed by detraining for 8 and 16 weeks. Exergaming comprises high-intensity, full-body sensorimotor coordination, balance, endurance, and strengthening exercises. The primary outcome was the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), and secondary outcomes were body mass, self-reported physical activity, sleep quality, Berg Balance Scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, fast gait speed, dynamic balance, heart rate recovery after step test, and 6 cognitive tests. Results: The 3 groups were not different in any of the outcomes at baseline (all p > 0.05). The outcomes were stable and had acceptable reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients >= 0.334) over an 8-week control period. Training produced an inverted U-shaped dose response of no (1x), most (2x), and medium (3x/week) effects of exergaming volume in most motor and selected cognitive outcomes. The distance walked in the 6MWT (primary outcome) increased most (94 m, 19\%, p < 0.05), medium (57 m, 12\%, p < 0.05), and least (4 m, 1\%) after exergaming 2x, 3x, or 0x (control) (all different p < 0.05). The highest responders tended to retain the exercise effects over 8 weeks of detraining, independent of training volume. This maintenance effect was less consistent after 16 weeks of detraining. Conclusion: Less was more during training and lasted longer after detraining. A medium dose volume of exergaming produced the largest clinically meaningful improvements in mobility and selected cognitive tests in 60-year-old office workers with mild mobility limitations and intact cognition.}, language = {en} } @article{LesinskiPrieskeChaabeneetal.2021, author = {Lesinski, Melanie and Prieske, Olaf and Chaabene, Helmi and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Seasonal effects of strength endurance vs. power training in young female soccer athletes}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA}, number = {Supplement 12}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000003564}, pages = {S90 -- S96}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Lesinski, M, Prieske, O, Chaabene, H, and Granacher, U. Seasonal effects of strength endurance vs. power training in young female soccer athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(12S): S90-S96, 2021-This study examined the seasonal effects of strength endurance training (SET) vs. power training (PT) on physical fitness and body composition in young female soccer players. Thirty-six young female elite soccer players (15 +/- 1 years; maturity offset +3 +/- 1 years) were allocated to progressive SET (n = 19) or PT (n = 17). Over the course of one soccer season, SET performed slow movement velocity, moderate intensity (50-60\% of the 1 repetition maximum [1RM]; 20-40 repetitions) strength exercises while PT performed moderate-to-high intensity (50-95\% of the 1RM; 3-8 repetitions), high movement velocity strength exercises (2 sessions center dot wk(-1)). Before and after training, tests were performed for the assessment of muscle strength (1RM leg press), jump performance (countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump [DJ]), muscular endurance (ventral Bourban test), linear speed (10 m, 20 m), change-of-direction (CoD) speed (T-test), dynamic balance (Y-balance test), sport-specific performance (kicking velocity), and body composition (lean body mass and fat mass). An analysis of covariance was used to test for between-group differences at post-test with baseline values as covariate. No significant between-group differences were observed in terms of total training volume over the respective soccer seasons (p = 0.069; d = 0.68). At post-test, SET showed significantly better ventral Bourban and T-test performances (d = 1.28-2.28; p = 0.000-0.001) compared with PT. However, PT resulted in significantly better 1RM leg press, DJ, 10-m, and 20-m sprint performances (d = 0.85-1.44; p = 0.000-0.026). No significant between-group differences were observed at post-test for CMJ, Y-balance test, kicking performance, and body composition (d = 0.20-0.74, p = 0.051-0.594). Our findings are mainly in accordance with the principle of training specificity. Both SET and PT are recommended to be implemented in young female elite soccer players according to the respective training period.}, language = {en} } @article{JafarnezhadgeroAnvariGranacher2020, author = {Jafarnezhadgero, Amir Ali and Anvari, Maryam and Granacher, Urs}, title = {Long-term effects of shoe mileage on ground reaction forces and lower limb muscle activities during walking in individuals with genu varus}, series = {Clinical biomechanics}, volume = {73}, journal = {Clinical biomechanics}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {0268-0033}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2020.01.006}, pages = {55 -- 62}, year = {2020}, abstract = {Background: Shoe mileage is an important factor that may influence the risk of sustaining injuries during walking. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of shoe mileage on ground reaction forces and activity of lower limb muscles during walking in genu varus individuals compared with controls. Methods: Fifteen healthy and 15 genu varus females received a new pair of running shoes. They were asked to wear these shoes over 6 months. Pre and post intervention, mechanical shoe testing was conducted and ground reaction forces and muscle activities of the right leg were recorded during walking at preferred gait speed. Findings: Significant group-by-time interactions were found for shoe stiffness, antero-posterior and vertical impact peak. We observed higher shoe stiffness and lower impact peaks after intervention in both groups with larger effect sizes in genu varus. Significant group-by-time interactions were identified for vastus medialis (loading phase) and rectus femoris (loading and push-off). For vastus medialis, significant decreases were found from pre-to-post during the loading phase in the control group. Rectus femoris activity was higher post intervention during the loading and push-off phases in both groups with larger effect sizes in genu varus. Interpretation: Our findings indicate that the observed changes in ground reaction forces are more prominent in genu varus individuals. Together with our findings on shoe stiffness, it seems appropriate to change running shoes after an intense wearing time of 6 months, particularly in genu varus individuals.}, language = {en} } @article{DaviesDruryRamirezCampilloetal.2021, author = {Davies, Michael J. and Drury, Benjamin and Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo and Chaabene, Helmi and Moran, Jason}, title = {Effect of plyometric training and biological maturation on jump and change of direction ability in female youth}, series = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength \& Conditioning Association}, volume = {35}, journal = {Journal of strength and conditioning research : the research journal of the NSCA / National Strength \& Conditioning Association}, number = {10}, publisher = {Lippincott Williams \& Wilkins}, address = {Philadelphia}, issn = {1064-8011}, doi = {10.1519/JSC.0000000000003216}, pages = {2690 -- 2697}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Biological maturation has been shown to affect male youths' responses to plyometric training (PT). However, to date, no researcher has examined the effect of maturation on the effects of PT in female youth. We undertook the first controlled intervention study to examine this, focusing on adaptive responses to countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and change of direction (COD) performance in groups of female youth divided by maturation status (years from peak height velocity [PHV]). The training program lasted 7 weeks with subjects undertaking 2 sessions of PT per week. In the mid-PHV group, there was a small increase (effect size; 90\% confidence interval = 0.40; -0.23 to 1.03) in CMJ performance. No changes were observed in the post-PHV group (0.02; -0.68 to 0.72). For RSI, there was a moderate increase in the mid-PHV group (0.94; 0.29-1.59) with only a trivial increase in the post-PHV group (0.06; -0.65 to 0.76). The intervention exerted no positive effect on COD performance in any group. Plyometric training seems to enhance CMJ and RSI in female youth, although the magnitude of adaptation could be affected by maturation status. A twice-per-week program of multidirectional jumping and hopping, with bilateral and unilateral components, can be used as a preparatory precursor to physical education classes or recreational sport.}, language = {en} } @article{PuschmannLinWippert2021, author = {Puschmann, Anne-Katrin and Lin, Chiao-I and Wippert, Pia-Maria}, title = {Sustainability of a motor control exercise intervention}, series = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, volume = {3}, journal = {Frontiers in sports and active living}, publisher = {Frontiers Media}, address = {Lausanne, Schweiz}, issn = {2624-9367}, doi = {10.3389/fspor.2021.659982}, pages = {1 -- 8}, year = {2021}, abstract = {Development of chronic pain after a low back pain episode is associated with increased pain sensitivity, altered pain processing mechanisms and the influence of psychosocial factors. Although there is some evidence that multimodal therapy (such as behavioral or motor control therapy) may be an important therapeutic strategy, its long-term effect on pain reduction and psychosocial load is still unclear. Prospective longitudinal designs providing information about the extent of such possible long-term effects are missing. This study aims to investigate the long-term effects of a homebased uni- and multidisciplinary motor control exercise program on low back pain intensity, disability and psychosocial variables. 14 months after completion of a multicenter study comparing uni- and multidisciplinary exercise interventions, a sample of one study center (n = 154) was assessed once more. Participants filled in questionnaires regarding their low back pain symptoms (characteristic pain intensity and related disability), stress and vital exhaustion (short version of the Maastricht Vital Exhaustion Questionnaire), anxiety and depression experiences (the Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale), and pain-related cognitions (the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire). Repeated measures mixed ANCOVAs were calculated to determine the long-term effects of the interventions on characteristic pain intensity and disability as well as on the psychosocial variables. Fifty four percent of the sub-sample responded to the questionnaires (n = 84). Longitudinal analyses revealed a significant long-term effect of the exercise intervention on pain disability. The multidisciplinary group missed statistical significance yet showed a medium sized long-term effect. The groups did not differ in their changes of the psychosocial variables of interest. There was evidence of long-term effects of the interventions on pain-related disability, but there was no effect on the other variables of interest. This may be partially explained by participant's low comorbidities at baseline. Results are important regarding costless homebased alternatives for back pain patients and prevention tasks. Furthermore, this study closes the gap of missing long-term effect analysis in this field.}, language = {en} } @phdthesis{Mueller2008, author = {M{\"u}ller, Steffen}, title = {Die belastungsspezifische neuromuskul{\"a}re Antwort bei Athleten mit Tendinopathie der Achilles- oder Patellarsehne : Analysen der funktionalen und therapeutischen Effekte eines sensomotorischen Trainings}, publisher = {Universit{\"a}tsverlag Potsdam}, address = {Potsdam}, isbn = {978-3-940793-18-8}, url = {http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:kobv:517-opus-16454}, school = {Universit{\"a}t Potsdam}, pages = {II, 137}, year = {2008}, abstract = {Tendinopathien der Achilles- oder Patellarsehne sind h{\"a}ufig in Sportarten mit zahlreichen repetitiven Belastungen im Dehnungs-Verk{\"u}rzungs-Zyklus der unteren Extremit{\"a}t zu finden. Sowohl eine m{\"o}glicherweise alterierte belastungsspezifische neuromuskul{\"a}re Antwort (NMA), als auch funktional begr{\"u}ndete Therapiemaßnahmen mit m{\"o}glichen positiven Effekten sind aktuell ungekl{\"a}rt. Ziel der Arbeit war deshalb die Untersuchung der belastungsspezifischen neuromuskul{\"a}ren Antwort bei Athleten mit Tendinopathie der Achilles- oder Patellarsehne im Vergleich zu beschwerdefreien Athleten. Zus{\"a}tzlich sollten m{\"o}gliche funktionale und therapeutische Effekte eines sensomotorischen Trainings im randomisierten, kontrollierten und prospektiven Studiendesign {\"u}berpr{\"u}ft werden. 51 Sportler mit unilateraler Tendinopathie (Achilles-/Patellarsehne n = 35/16) und 33 gesunde Sportler wurden zur Beurteilung der belastungsspezifischen neuromuskul{\"a}ren Antwort eingeschlossen. Zur Kl{\"a}rung der Effekte eines sensomotorischen Trainings im L{\"a}ngsschnitt konnten 26 Sportler mit Tendinopathie randomisiert zu einer Kontrollgruppe (n = 14) und einer Therapiegruppe mit sensomotorischem Training (n = 12) zugeordnet werden. Nach einer ersten biomechanischen Messung M1 (Belastungssituationen: Lauf-, Stabilisations-, Kraftbelastung) und der Erhebung der subjektiven Schmerzsymptomatik folgte eine 8-w{\"o}chige Therapiephase mit einer abschließenden Re-Test-Messung M2 identisch zu M1. Das sensomotorische Training war auf die gesamte untere Extremit{\"a}t ausgerichtet und wurde nach Einweisung regelm{\"a}ßig kontrolliert. Die Erfassung der NMA erfolgte {\"u}ber die Quantifizierung der muskul{\"a}ren Aktivit{\"a}t (EMG). Zus{\"a}tzlich wurde die Kinetik (z.B. Maximalkraft) belastungsspezifisch erfasst. Eine reduzierte NMA konnte f{\"u}r die Sportler mit Tendinopathie {\"u}ber ver{\"a}nderte EMG-Zeit- und Amplitudenmessgr{\"o}ßen, eine reduzierte aktive Stabilisationsf{\"a}higkeit und Maximalkraft (p < 0,05) nachgewiesen werden. In Abh{\"a}ngigkeit der Lokalisation (Achilles-/Patellarsehen) bzw. der Seite (Beschwerdeseite/gesunde Seite) ergaben sich keine relevanten Differenzen. Das sensomotorische Training zeigte eine Optimierung der NMA (z.B. erh{\"o}hte Maximalkraft) bei Tendinopathie der Achilles- oder Patellarsehne. Die {\"U}berpr{\"u}fung der Beschwerdesymptomatik wies in allen Schmerz-Scores nach der Therapie reduzierte Werte und damit einen positiven therapeutischen Effekt gegen{\"u}ber der Kontrollgruppe auf. Zusammenfassend kann eine systematisch reduzierte NMA bei Lauf-, Stabilisations- und Kraftbelastung der Sportler mit Tendinopathie nachgewiesen werden. Das sensomotorische Training ist funktional und therapeutisch als effiziente Therapiemaßnahme zu erachten.}, language = {de} }