@article{BroekerSinelnikovGustavusetal.2019, author = {Br{\"o}ker, Katharine and Sinelnikov, Evgeny and Gustavus, Dirk and Schumacher, Udo and P{\"o}rtner, Ralf and Hoffmeister, Hans and L{\"u}th, Stefan and Dammermann, Werner}, title = {Mass Production of Highly Active NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy in a GMP Conform Perfusion Bioreactor}, series = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-4185}, doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2019.00194}, pages = {17}, year = {2019}, abstract = {NK cells have emerged as promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy, especially due to their ability to fight circulating tumor cells thereby preventing metastases formation. Hence several studies have been performed to generate and expand highly cytotoxic NK cells ex vivo, e.g., by using specific cytokines to upregulate both their proliferation and surface expression of distinct activating receptors. Apart from an enhanced activity, application of NK cells as immunotherapeutic agent further requires sufficient cell numbers and a high purity. All these parameters depend on a variety of different factors including the starting material, additives like cytokines as well as the culture system. Here we analyzed PBMC-derived NK cells of five anonymized healthy donors expanded under specific conditions in an innovative perfusion bioreactor system with respect to their phenotype, IFN gamma production, and cytotoxicity in vitro. Important features of the meander type bioreactors used here are a directed laminar flow of medium and control of relevant process parameters. Cells are cultivated under "steady state" conditions in perfusion mode. Our data demonstrate that expansion of CD3(+) T cell depleted PBMCs in our standardized system generates massive amounts of highly pure (>85\%) and potent anticancer active NK cells. These cells express a variety of important receptors driving NK cell recruitment, adhesion as well as activation. More specifically, they express the chemokine receptors CXCR3, CXCR4, and CCR7, the adhesion molecules L-selectin, LFA-1, and VLA-4, the activating receptors NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, NKG2D, DNAM1, and CD16 as well as the death ligands TRAIL and Fas-L. Moreover, the generated NK cells show a strong IFN gamma expression upon cultivation with K562 tumor cells and demonstrate a high cytotoxicity toward leukemic as well as solid tumor cell lines in vitro. Altogether, these characteristics promise a high clinical potency of thus produced NK cells awaiting further evaluation.}, language = {en} } @article{LoepfeDussZafeiropoulouetal.2019, author = {L{\"o}pfe, Moira and Duss, Anja and Zafeiropoulou, Katerina-Alexandra and Bjoergvinsdottir, Oddny and Eglin, David and Fortunato, Giuseppino and Klasen, J{\"u}rgen and Ferguson, Stephen J. and W{\"u}rtz-Kozak, Karin and Krupkova, Olga}, title = {Electrospray-Based Microencapsulation of Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate for Local Delivery into the Intervertebral Disc}, series = {Pharmaceutics}, volume = {11}, journal = {Pharmaceutics}, number = {9}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1999-4923}, doi = {10.3390/pharmaceutics11090435}, pages = {15}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Locally delivered anti-inflammatory compounds can restore the homeostasis of the degenerated intervertebral disc (IVD). With beneficial effects on IVD cells, epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) is a promising therapeutic candidate. However, EGCG is prone to rapid degradation and/or depletion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a method for controlled EGCG delivery in the degenerated IVD. Primary IVD cells were isolated from human donors undergoing IVD surgeries. EGCG was encapsulated into microparticles by electrospraying of glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin. The resulting particles were characterized in terms of cytocompatibility and anti-inflammatory activity, and combined with a thermoresponsive carrier to produce an injectable EGCG delivery system. Subsequently, electrospraying was scaled up using the industrial NANOSPIDER (TM) technology. The produced EGCG microparticles reduced the expression of inflammatory (IL-6, IL-8, COX-2) and catabolic (MMP1, MMP3, MMP13) mediators in pro-inflammatory 3D cell cultures. Combining the EGCG microparticles with the carrier showed a trend towards modulating EGCG activity/release. Electrospray upscaling was achieved, leading to particles with homogenous spherical morphologies. In conclusion, electrospray-based encapsulation of EGCG resulted in cytocompatible microparticles that preserved the activity of EGCG and showed the potential to control EGCG release, thus favoring IVD health by downregulating local inflammation. Future studies will focus on further exploring the biological activity of the developed delivery system for potential clinical use.}, language = {en} } @article{MieleGuillRamosJilibertoetal.2019, author = {Miele, Vincent and Guill, Christian and Ramos-Jiliberto, Rodrigo and K{\´e}fi, Sonia}, title = {Non-trophic interactions strengthen the diversity-functioning relationship in an ecological bioenergetic network model}, series = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, volume = {15}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, number = {8}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1553-7358}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007269}, pages = {20}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Ecological communities are undeniably diverse, both in terms of the species that compose them as well as the type of interactions that link species to each other. Despite this long recognition of the coexistence of multiple interaction types in nature, little is known about the consequences of this diversity for community functioning. In the ongoing context of global change and increasing species extinction rates, it seems crucial to improve our understanding of the drivers of the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning. Here, using a multispecies dynamical model of ecological communities including various interaction types (e.g. competition for space, predator interference, recruitment facilitation in addition to feeding), we studied the role of the presence and the intensity of these interactions for species diversity, community functioning (biomass and production) and the relationship between diversity and functioning. Taken jointly, the diverse interactions have significant effects on species diversity, whose amplitude and sign depend on the type of interactions involved and their relative abundance. They however consistently increase the slope of the relationship between diversity and functioning, suggesting that species losses might have stronger effects on community functioning than expected when ignoring the diversity of interaction types and focusing on feeding interactions only.}, language = {en} } @article{RieckGeigerMunkertetal.2019, author = {Rieck, Christoph Paul Kurt and Geiger, Daniel and Munkert, Jennifer and Messerschmidt, Katrin and Petersen, Jan and Strasser, Juliane and Meitinger, Nadine and Kreis, Wolfgang}, title = {Biosynthetic approach to combine the first steps of cardenolide formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae}, series = {Microbiologyopen}, volume = {8}, journal = {Microbiologyopen}, number = {12}, publisher = {Wiley}, address = {Hoboken}, issn = {2045-8827}, doi = {10.1002/mbo3.925}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A yeast expression plasmid was constructed containing a cardenolide biosynthetic module, referred to as CARD II, using the AssemblX toolkit, which enables the assembly of large DNA constructs. The genes cloned into the vector were (a) a Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Digitalis lanata, (b) a steroid Δ5-isomerase gene from Comamonas testosteronii, (c) a mutated steroid-5β-reductase gene from Arabidopsis thaliana, and (d) a steroid 21-hydroxylase gene from Mus musculus. A second plasmid bearing an ADR/ADX fusion gene from Bos taurus was also constructed. A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain bearing these two plasmids was generated. This strain, termed "CARD II yeast", was capable of producing 5β-pregnane-3β,21-diol-20-one, a central intermediate in 5β-cardenolide biosynthesis, starting from pregnenolone which was added to the culture medium. Using this approach, five consecutive steps in cardenolide biosynthesis were realized in baker's yeast.}, language = {en} } @article{ShcherbakovZhuangZoelleretal.2019, author = {Shcherbakov, Robert and Zhuang, Jiancang and Z{\"o}ller, Gert and Ogata, Yosihiko}, title = {Forecasting the magnitude of the largest expected earthquake}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publishing Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-11958-4}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The majority of earthquakes occur unexpectedly and can trigger subsequent sequences of events that can culminate in more powerful earthquakes. This self-exciting nature of seismicity generates complex clustering of earthquakes in space and time. Therefore, the problem of constraining the magnitude of the largest expected earthquake during a future time interval is of critical importance in mitigating earthquake hazard. We address this problem by developing a methodology to compute the probabilities for such extreme earthquakes to be above certain magnitudes. We combine the Bayesian methods with the extreme value theory and assume that the occurrence of earthquakes can be described by the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence process. We analyze in detail the application of this methodology to the 2016 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake sequence. We are able to estimate retrospectively the probabilities of having large subsequent earthquakes during several stages of the evolution of this sequence.}, language = {en} } @article{SchiroColangeliMueller2019, author = {Schiro, Gabriele and Colangeli, Pierluigi and M{\"u}ller, Marina E. H.}, title = {A Metabarcoding Analysis of the Mycobiome of Wheat Ears Across a Topographically Heterogeneous Field}, series = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {10}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {1664-302X}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2019.02095}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{BielcikAguilarTriguerosLakovicetal.2019, author = {Bielcik, Milos and Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A. and Lakovic, Milica and Jeltsch, Florian and Rillig, Matthias C.}, title = {The role of active movement in fungal ecology and community assembly}, series = {Movement Ecology}, volume = {7}, journal = {Movement Ecology}, number = {1}, publisher = {BMC}, address = {London}, issn = {2051-3933}, doi = {10.1186/s40462-019-0180-6}, pages = {12}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Movement ecology aims to provide common terminology and an integrative framework of movement research across all groups of organisms. Yet such work has focused on unitary organisms so far, and thus the important group of filamentous fungi has not been considered in this context. With the exception of spore dispersal, movement in filamentous fungi has not been integrated into the movement ecology field. At the same time, the field of fungal ecology has been advancing research on topics like informed growth, mycelial translocations, or fungal highways using its own terminology and frameworks, overlooking the theoretical developments within movement ecology. We provide a conceptual and terminological framework for interdisciplinary collaboration between these two disciplines, and show how both can benefit from closer links: We show how placing the knowledge from fungal biology and ecology into the framework of movement ecology can inspire both theoretical and empirical developments, eventually leading towards a better understanding of fungal ecology and community assembly. Conversely, by a greater focus on movement specificities of filamentous fungi, movement ecology stands to benefit from the challenge to evolve its concepts and terminology towards even greater universality. We show how our concept can be applied for other modular organisms (such as clonal plants and slime molds), and how this can lead towards comparative studies with the relationship between organismal movement and ecosystems in the focus.}, language = {en} } @article{Schwarz2019, author = {Schwarz, Anja}, title = {Melancholia}, series = {Cultural studies review}, volume = {25}, journal = {Cultural studies review}, number = {2}, publisher = {Melbourne Univ. Press}, address = {Sydney}, issn = {1837-8692}, doi = {10.5130/csr.v25i2.6918}, pages = {259 -- 261}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{ZiesemerHuettelBalderjahn2019, author = {Ziesemer, Florence and H{\"u}ttel, Alexandra and Balderjahn, Ingo}, title = {Anti-Consumption}, series = {Sustainability}, volume = {11}, journal = {Sustainability}, number = {23}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2071-1050}, doi = {10.3390/su11236663}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Transcending the conventional debate around efficiency in sustainable consumption, anti-consumption patterns leading to decreased levels of material consumption have been gaining importance. Change agents are crucial for the promotion of such patterns, so there may be lessons for governance interventions that can be learnt from the every-day experiences of those who actively implement and promote sustainability in the field of anti-consumption. Eighteen social innovation pioneers, who engage in and diffuse practices of voluntary simplicity and collaborative consumption as sustainable options of anti-consumption share their knowledge and personal insights in expert interviews for this research. Our qualitative content analysis reveals drivers, barriers, and governance strategies to strengthen anti-consumption patterns, which are negotiated between the market, the state, and civil society. Recommendations derived from the interviews concern entrepreneurship, municipal infrastructures in support of local grassroots projects, regulative policy measures, more positive communication to strengthen the visibility of initiatives and emphasize individual benefits, establishing a sense of community, anti-consumer activism, and education. We argue for complementary action between top-down strategies, bottom-up initiatives, corporate activities, and consumer behavior. The results are valuable to researchers, activists, marketers, and policymakers who seek to enhance their understanding of materially reduced consumption patterns based on the real-life experiences of active pioneers in the field.}, language = {en} } @article{OzcelikayKurbanogluZhangetal.2019, author = {Ozcelikay, Goksu and Kurbanoglu, Sevinc and Zhang, Xiaorong and S{\"o}z, {\c{C}}ağla Kosak and Wollenberger, Ulla and Ozkan, Sibel A. and Yarman, Aysu and Scheller, Frieder W.}, title = {Electrochemical MIP Sensor for Butyrylcholinesterase}, series = {Polymers}, volume = {11}, journal = {Polymers}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2073-4360}, doi = {10.3390/polym11121970}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) mimic the binding sites of antibodies by substituting the amino acid-scaffold of proteins by synthetic polymers. In this work, the first MIP for the recognition of the diagnostically relevant enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) is presented. The MIP was prepared using electropolymerization of the functional monomer o-phenylenediamine and was deposited as a thin film on a glassy carbon electrode by oxidative potentiodynamic polymerization. Rebinding and removal of the template were detected by cyclic voltammetry using ferricyanide as a redox marker. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of BuChE rebound to the MIP was measured via the anodic oxidation of thiocholine, the reaction product of butyrylthiocholine. The response was linear between 50 pM and 2 nM concentrations of BuChE with a detection limit of 14.7 pM. In addition to the high sensitivity for BuChE, the sensor responded towards pseudo-irreversible inhibitors in the lower mM range.}, language = {en} } @article{NivenAbelSchlegeletal.2019, author = {Niven, Robert K. and Abel, Markus and Schlegel, Michael and Waldrip, Steven H.}, title = {Maximum Entropy Analysis of Flow Networks: Theoretical Foundation and Applications}, series = {Entropy}, volume = {21}, journal = {Entropy}, number = {8}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {1099-4300}, doi = {10.3390/e21080776}, pages = {776}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The concept of a "flow network"-a set of nodes and links which carries one or more flows-unites many different disciplines, including pipe flow, fluid flow, electrical, chemical reaction, ecological, epidemiological, neurological, communications, transportation, financial, economic and human social networks. This Feature Paper presents a generalized maximum entropy framework to infer the state of a flow network, including its flow rates and other properties, in probabilistic form. In this method, the network uncertainty is represented by a joint probability function over its unknowns, subject to all that is known. This gives a relative entropy function which is maximized, subject to the constraints, to determine the most probable or most representative state of the network. The constraints can include "observable" constraints on various parameters, "physical" constraints such as conservation laws and frictional properties, and "graphical" constraints arising from uncertainty in the network structure itself. Since the method is probabilistic, it enables the prediction of network properties when there is insufficient information to obtain a deterministic solution. The derived framework can incorporate nonlinear constraints or nonlinear interdependencies between variables, at the cost of requiring numerical solution. The theoretical foundations of the method are first presented, followed by its application to a variety of flow networks.}, language = {en} } @article{PosovszkyRoeslerBeckeretal.2019, author = {Posovszky, Carsten and Roesler, Vreni Helen and Becker, Sebastian and Iven, Enno and Hudert, Christian and Ebinger, Friedrich and Calvano, Claudia and Warschburger, Petra}, title = {Roles of Lactose and Fructose Malabsorption and Dietary Outcomes in Children Presenting with Chronic Abdominal Pain}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {12}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu11123063}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Intolerance to lactose or fructose is frequently diagnosed in children with chronic abdominal pain (CAP). However, the causal relationship remains a matter of discussion. A cohort of 253 patients, aged 7-12 years, presenting with unexplained CAP received standardized diagnostics. Additional diagnostic tests were performed based on their medical history and physical and laboratory investigations. Fructose and lactose hydrogen breath tests (H2BT) as well as empiric diagnostic elimination diets were performed in 135 patients reporting abdominal pain related to the consumption of lactose or fructose to evaluate carbohydrate intolerance as a potential cause of CAP. Carbohydrate malabsorption by H2BT was found in 55 (41\%) out of 135 patients. An abnormal increase in H2BT was revealed in 30\% (35/118) of patients after fructose consumption and in 18\% (20/114) of patients after lactose administration. Forty-six percent (25/54) reported pain relief during a diagnostic elimination diet. In total, 17 patients had lactose malabsorption, 29 fructose malabsorption, and nine combined carbohydrate malabsorption. Carbohydrate intolerance as a cause of CAP was diagnosed at follow-up in only 18\% (10/55) of patients with malabsorption after the elimination of the respective carbohydrate. Thus, carbohydrate malabsorption appears to be an incidental finding in children with functional abdominal pain disorders, rather than its cause. Therefore, testing of carbohydrate intolerance should only be considered in children with a strong clinical suspicion and with the goal to prevent long-term unnecessary dietary restrictions in children suffering from CAP.}, language = {en} } @article{CoduttiBenteFaivreetal.2019, author = {Codutti, Agnese and Bente, Klaas and Faivre, Damien and Klumpp, Stefan}, title = {Chemotaxis in external fields: Simulations for active magnetic biological matter}, series = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, volume = {15}, journal = {PLoS Computational Biology : a new community journal}, number = {12}, publisher = {PLoS}, address = {San Fransisco}, issn = {1553-734X}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007548}, pages = {26}, year = {2019}, abstract = {The movement of microswimmers is often described by active Brownian particle models. Here we introduce a variant of these models with several internal states of the swimmer to describe stochastic strategies for directional swimming such as run and tumble or run and reverse that are used by microorganisms for chemotaxis. The model includes a mechanism to generate a directional bias for chemotaxis and interactions with external fields (e.g., gravity, magnetic field, fluid flow) that impose forces or torques on the swimmer. We show how this modified model can be applied to various scenarios: First, the run and tumble motion of E. coli is used to establish a paradigm for chemotaxis and investigate how it is affected by external forces. Then, we study magneto-aerotaxis in magnetotactic bacteria, which is biased not only by an oxygen gradient towards a preferred concentration, but also by magnetic fields, which exert a torque on an intracellular chain of magnets. We study the competition of magnetic alignment with active reorientation and show that the magnetic orientation can improve chemotaxis and thereby provide an advantage to the bacteria, even at rather large inclination angles of the magnetic field relative to the oxygen gradient, a case reminiscent of what is expected for the bacteria at or close to the equator. The highest gain in chemotactic velocity is obtained for run and tumble with a magnetic field parallel to the gradient, but in general a mechanism for reverse motion is necessary to swim against the magnetic field and a run and reverse strategy is more advantageous in the presence of a magnetic torque. This finding is consistent with observations that the dominant mode of directional changes in magnetotactic bacteria is reversal rather than tumbles. Moreover, it provides guidance for the design of future magnetic biohybrid swimmers. Author summary In this paper, we propose a modified Active Brownian particle model to describe bacterial swimming behavior under the influence of external forces and torques, in particular of a magnetic torque. This type of interaction is particularly important for magnetic biohybrids (i.e. motile bacteria coupled to a synthetic magnetic component) and for magnetotactic bacteria (i.e. bacteria with a natural intracellular magnetic chain), which perform chemotaxis to swim along chemical gradients, but are also directed by an external magnetic field. The model allows us to investigate the benefits and disadvantages of such coupling between two different directionality mechanisms. In particular we show that the magnetic torque can speed chemotaxis up in some conditions, while it can hinder it in other cases. In addition to an understanding of the swimming strategies of naturally magnetotactic organisms, the results may guide the design of future biomedical devices.}, language = {en} } @misc{WongMasonBruneetal.2019, author = {Wong, Kevin and Mason, Emily and Brune, Sascha and East, Madison and Edmonds, Marie and Zahirovic, Sabin}, title = {Deep Carbon Cycling Over the Past 200 Million Years: A Review of Fluxes in Different Tectonic Settings}, series = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, volume = {7}, journal = {Frontiers in Earth Science}, publisher = {Frontiers Research Foundation}, address = {Lausanne}, issn = {2296-6463}, doi = {10.3389/feart.2019.00263}, pages = {22}, year = {2019}, language = {en} } @article{MeiKochovskiRoaetal.2019, author = {Mei, Shilin and Kochovski, Zdravko and Roa, Rafael and Gu, Sasa and Xu, Xiaohui and Yu, Hongtao and Dzubiella, Joachim and Ballauff, Matthias and Lu, Yan}, title = {Enhanced Catalytic Activity of Gold@Polydopamine Nanoreactors with Multi-compartment Structure Under NIR Irradiation}, series = {Nano-Micro Letters}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nano-Micro Letters}, number = {1}, publisher = {Shanghai JIAO TONG univ press}, address = {Shanghai}, issn = {2311-6706}, doi = {10.1007/s40820-019-0314-9}, pages = {16}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Photothermal conversion (PTC) nanostructures have great potential for applications in many fields, and therefore, they have attracted tremendous attention. However, the construction of a PTC nanoreactor with multi-compartment structure to achieve the combination of unique chemical properties and structural feature is still challenging due to the synthetic difficulties. Herein, we designed and synthesized a catalytically active, PTC gold (Au)@polydopamine (PDA) nanoreactor driven by infrared irradiation using assembled PS-b-P2VP nanosphere as soft template. The particles exhibit multi-compartment structure which is revealed by 3D electron tomography characterization technique. They feature permeable shells with tunable shell thickness. Full kinetics for the reduction reaction of 4-nitrophenol has been investigated using these particles as nanoreactors and compared with other reported systems. Notably, a remarkable acceleration of the catalytic reaction upon near-infrared irradiation is demonstrated, which reveals for the first time the importance of the synergistic effect of photothermal conversion and complex inner structure to the kinetics of the catalytic reduction. The ease of synthesis and fresh insights into catalysis will promote a new platform for novel nanoreactor studies.}, language = {en} } @article{SahaOwenOrretal.2019, author = {Saha, Sourav and Owen, Lewis A. and Orr, Elizabeth N. and Caffee, Marc W.}, title = {Cosmogenic Be-10 and equilibrium-line altitude dataset of Holocene glacier advances in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen}, series = {Data in brief}, volume = {26}, journal = {Data in brief}, publisher = {Elsevier}, address = {Amsterdam}, issn = {2352-3409}, doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2019.104412}, pages = {13}, year = {2019}, abstract = {A comprehensive analysis of the variable temporal and spatial responses of tropical-subtropical high-altitude glaciers to climate change is critical for successful model predictions and environmental risk assessment in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. High-frequency Holocene glacier chronostratigraphies are therefore reconstructed in 79 glaciated valleys across the orogen using 519 published and 16 new terrestrial cosmogenic 10Be exposure age dataset. Published 10Be ages are compiled only for moraine boulders (excluding bedrock ages). These ages are recalculated using the latest ICE-D production rate calibration database and the scaling scheme models. Outliers for the individual moraine are detected using the Chauvenet's criterion. In addition, past equilibrium-line altitudes (ELAs) are determined using the area-altitude (AA), area accumulation ratio (AAR), and toe-headwall accumulation ratio (THAR) methods for each glacier advance. The modern maximum elevations of lateral moraines (MELM) are also used to estimate modern ELAs and as an independent check on mean ELAs derived using the above three methods. These data may serve as an essential archive for future studies focusing on the cryospheric and environmental changes in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. A more comprehensive analysis of the published and new 10Be ages and ELA results and a list of references are presented in Saha et al. (2019, High-frequency Holocene glacier fluctuations in the Himalayan-Tibetan orogen. Quaternary Science Reviews, 220, 372-400).}, language = {en} } @article{RossbergGaedkeKratina2019, author = {Rossberg, Axel G. and Gaedke, Ursula and Kratina, Pavel}, title = {Dome patterns in pelagic size spectra reveal strong trophic cascades}, series = {Nature Communications}, volume = {10}, journal = {Nature Communications}, publisher = {Nature Publ. Group}, address = {London}, issn = {2041-1723}, doi = {10.1038/s41467-019-12289-0}, pages = {11}, year = {2019}, abstract = {In ecological communities, especially the pelagic zones of aquatic ecosystems, certain bodysize ranges are often over-represented compared to others. Community size spectra, the distributions of community biomass over the logarithmic body-mass axis, tend to exhibit regularly spaced local maxima, called "domes", separated by steep troughs. Contrasting established theory, we explain these dome patterns as manifestations of top-down trophic cascades along aquatic food chains. Compiling high quality size-spectrum data and comparing these with a size-spectrum model introduced in this study, we test this theory and develop a detailed picture of the mechanisms by which bottom-up and top-down effects interact to generate dome patterns. Results imply that strong top-down trophic cascades are common in freshwater communities, much more than hitherto demonstrated, and may arise in nutrient rich marine systems as well. Transferring insights from the general theory of nonlinear pattern formation to domes patterns, we provide new interpretations of past lake-manipulation experiments.}, language = {en} } @article{FranzOttenMuellerWerdanetal.2019, author = {Franz, Kristina and Otten, Lindsey and M{\"u}ller-Werdan, Ursula and D{\"o}hner, Wolfram and Norman, Kristina}, title = {Severe Weight Loss and Its Association with Fatigue in Old Patients at Discharge from a Geriatric Hospital}, series = {Nutrients}, volume = {11}, journal = {Nutrients}, number = {10}, publisher = {MDPI}, address = {Basel}, issn = {2072-6643}, doi = {10.3390/nu11102415}, pages = {10}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Although malnutrition is frequent in the old, little is known about its association with fatigue. We evaluated the relation of self-reported severe weight loss with fatigue and the predictors for fatigue in old patients at hospital discharge. Severe weight loss was defined according to involuntary weight loss >= 5\% in the last three months. We determined fatigue with the validated Brief Fatigue Inventory questionnaire. The regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, number of comorbidities, medications/day, and BMI. Of 424 patients aged between 61 and 98 y, 34.1\% had severe weight loss. Fatigue was higher in patients with severe weight loss (3.7 +/- 2.3 vs. 3.2 +/- 2.3 points, p = 0.021). In a multinomial regression model, weight loss was independently associated with higher risk for moderate fatigue (OR:1.172, CI:1.026-1.338, p = 0.019) and with increased risk for severe fatigue (OR:1.209, CI:1.047-1.395, p = 0.010) together with the number of medications/day (OR:1.220, CI:1.023-1.455, p = 0.027). In a binary regression model, severe weight loss predicted moderate-to-severe fatigue in the study population (OR:1.651, CI:1.052-2.590, p = 0.029). In summary, patients with self-reported severe weight loss at hospital discharge exhibited higher fatigue levels and severe weight loss was an independent predictor of moderate and severe fatigue, placing these patients at risk for impaired outcome in the post-hospital period.}, language = {en} } @article{PalyulinBlackburnLomholtetal.2019, author = {Palyulin, Vladimir V. and Blackburn, George and Lomholt, Michael A. and Watkins, Nicholas W. and Metzler, Ralf and Klages, Rainer and Chechkin, Aleksei V.}, title = {First passage and first hitting times of Levy flights and Levy walks}, series = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, volume = {21}, journal = {New journal of physics : the open-access journal for physics}, number = {10}, publisher = {IOP Publ. Ltd.}, address = {Bristol}, issn = {1367-2630}, doi = {10.1088/1367-2630/ab41bb}, pages = {23}, year = {2019}, abstract = {For both L{\´e}vy flight and L{\´e}vy walk search processes we analyse the full distribution of first-passage and first-hitting (or first-arrival) times. These are, respectively, the times when the particle moves across a point at some given distance from its initial position for the first time, or when it lands at a given point for the first time. For L{\´e}vy motions with their propensity for long relocation events and thus the possibility to jump across a given point in space without actually hitting it ('leapovers'), these two definitions lead to significantly different results. We study the first-passage and first-hitting time distributions as functions of the L{\´e}vy stable index, highlighting the different behaviour for the cases when the first absolute moment of the jump length distribution is finite or infinite. In particular we examine the limits of short and long times. Our results will find their application in the mathematical modelling of random search processes as well as computer algorithms.}, language = {en} } @article{MattheyDoretvanderKooiJeffriesetal.2019, author = {Matthey-Doret, Cyril and van der Kooi, Casper J. and Jeffries, Daniel L. and Bast, Jens and Dennis, Alice B. and Vorburger, Christoph and Schwander, Tanja}, title = {Mapping of Multiple Complementary Sex Determination Loci in a Parasitoid Wasp}, series = {Genome biology and evolution}, volume = {11}, journal = {Genome biology and evolution}, number = {10}, publisher = {Oxford Univ. Press}, address = {Oxford}, issn = {1759-6653}, doi = {10.1093/gbe/evz219}, pages = {2954 -- 2962}, year = {2019}, abstract = {Sex determination has evolved in a variety of ways and can depend on environmental and genetic signals. A widespread form of genetic sex determination is haplodiploidy, where unfertilized, haploid eggs develop into males and fertilized diploid eggs into females. One of the molecular mechanisms underlying haplodiploidy in Hymenoptera, the large insect order comprising ants, bees, and wasps, is complementary sex determination (CSD). In species with CSD, heterozygosity at one or several loci induces female development. Here, we identify the genomic regions putatively underlying multilocus CSD in the parasitoid wasp Lysiphlebus fabarum using restriction -site associated DNA sequencing. By analyzing segregation patterns at polymorphic sites among 331 diploid males and females, we identify up to four CSD candidate regions, all on different chromosomes. None of the candidate regions feature evidence for homology with the csd gene from the honey bee, the only species in which CSD has been characterized, suggesting that CSD in L. fabarum is regulated via a novel molecular mechanism. Moreover, no homology is shared between the candidate loci, in contrast to the idea that multilocus CSD should emerge from duplications of an ancestral single -locus system. Taken together, our results suggest that the molecular mechanisms underlying CSD in Hymenoptera are not conserved between species, raising the question as to whether CSD may have evolved multiple times independently in the group.}, language = {en} }